高考英语介词讲解

高考英语介词讲解
高考英语介词讲解

高考英语介词讲解公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

(一)方位介词

1.图解方位介词

如:Be careful,there is a heavy box over your head。

The sun is above the mountain in the east。

There are some stamps on the desk。

The position he pointed to was below the sea level。

The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it。

The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across desert,over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea。

The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square。

2.at,in

两词均表示地点,“在……处”。at用于指较小的地方,如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大的地方。如:

We’ll meet each other at the park。我们将在公园见面。

Mr. White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years。怀特先生在香港生活了20年。3.in,on,to用在方位名词前的区别

三词都可表示两地之间的方位关系。in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围之外;on表示“毗邻”、“接壤”。如:

Shandong province is/lies in the east of China。(在某范围之内)

Shandong is/lies to the southeast of Hebei province。(在某范围之外)

Mongolia is/lies on the north of China。(接壤)

4.from,out of

用于表示具体的日子或一个待定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如:on October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day。

用于表示特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如:on the eve of victory,on the morning of January the third,on the afternoon of his arrival。

表示“准时,按时”:on time。

(4)by的用法

表示“不迟于……,在(某时)前”。如:

He must have arrived there by now。他现在一定已经到了。

We’ll have finished the work by ten o’clock tomorrow。

我们在明天十点之前就会完成工作。

表示“在……期间”“在……时间内”。如:

He worked by night and slept by day。他晚上工作,白天睡觉。

说明:当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何介词。

2.after,in

in表示时间,常表示“在……时间之内”,有时in还有“在……时间之后”的意思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:(1)所修饰的动词必须表将来;(2)后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,否则应用after或later来表达。如:My father will be back in three days。

我父亲将在三天以后回来。

My father will be back after 3 o’clock。

我父亲将在3点后回来。

My father came back after 3 days/3 days after/3 days later。

(四)原因介词

原因介词有:because of,due to,thanks to

because of“因为,由于”,通常作状语,位于句首或句中。

due to“由于,因为”,通常作表语。

thanks to“幸亏,多亏”,既可用于褒义,又可用于贬义,多用于句首。如:

The sports meeting will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain。

His illness was due to smoking and drinking。

Thanks to the Party’s good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life。

易错知识总结

(一)for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语

1.It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.=sb. + be + adj. + to do sth.

当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时,用of。常见的形容词有kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel等。如:

It is kind of the teachers to help support the poor students。

= The teachers are kind to help support the poor students。

2.It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.

当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用for。常见的形容词有important,necessary,possible,impossible等。如:

It is quite important for us to protect our environment。

(二)on与in表示处于某种状态

He answered all the questions except the last one。

除最后一个问题没有答外,其余问题他都答了。

I have a few friends besides you。

除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。

All of them went to Beijing last summer besides Tom。

除了汤姆外,他们去年夏天也都去了北京。

(3)except for表示“除了(因为)……”之意,用来表示从某一细节方面来修正前面概括性的说法,其后的宾语一般与句子所涉及的东西不属同类。如:

The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes。

这篇作文很好,只是有一些拼写错误。

3.except和but/ other than后都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形,并且可以互换;但except后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时,but/ other than不可替换except。如:

He has always been in high spirits except recently。

除近来外,他总是精神饱满。(副词)

The window is never opened except in summer。

除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语)

He has always been busy except when it is Sunday。

除星期日外,他总是很忙。(when从句)

4.but,except后都可接that从句作宾语,两者可以互换。如:

I asked nothing from him but/ except that he should write to me every other

week。

我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。

餐;at school在上学;at college在上大学;at risk有危险,冒风险;at last最后;at rest静止不动

2.from:from memory凭记忆;from cover to cover从头至尾;from day to day日复一日;from beginning to end从头到尾;from head to toe从头到脚

3.in:in high/ poor/ bad spirits情绪高涨/低落;in tears热泪盈眶;in fear在恐惧中;in danger在危险中;in peace和平相处;in safety很安全;in need需要;in good order很整齐;in silence静静地;in good health身体好;in a fever在发烧;in love在热恋中;in public在公共场所;in doubt有疑问;in print在印刷;in flower在开花

(七)of + 抽象名词=形容词

of + great/ much + 抽象名词=very + 形容词;of + no + 抽象名词=not + 形容词。如:

It is of great/ much value。=It is very valuable。

The camel is of great help to the Arab。=The camel is very helpful to the Arab。

(八)to与情感名词连用

to与情感名词连用,表示某种行动后产生的感觉。to one’s delight/ surprise/ horror/ sorrow/ joy/ regret=to the delight/ surprise/ horror/ sorrow/ joy/ regret of sb.。这种表达法表示结果,用作状语,位于句前、中、后皆可。为了强调,可在前面加much,意为“使某人……的是”。

(九)as和like的区别

我有口信带给汤普森夫人。

He came downstairs with his coat over his arm。

他把外衣搭在胳膊上走下楼来。

4.引导一个表示方式的状语附加语。如:

She lay back in the chair with her eyes closed。

她闭着眼睛背靠在椅子上坐着。

He looked at me with a frown。

他皱着眉头看我。

同样的用法还有:with a sneer嘲笑的,with a sigh叹声叹气地,with a sob抽噎的,with a laugh哈哈一笑、大笑着。

5.指原因或理由。如:

She was shivering with cold。

她冷的发抖。

His face was red with anger。

他的脸气得通红。

My wife is in bed with influenza。

我的妻子得了流行性感冒,卧病在床。

(十一)by的用法

1.表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思。如:

I have promised to have the work finished by the end of this week。

我已经答应本周末完成这项工作了。

2.表示“在……期间”(一段指明的时间)的意思。如:

They decided to travel by night。

(十二)介词与某些词类的搭配

1.名词与介词的固定搭配

(1)要求用to的名词:key,answer,visit,apology,introduction,attitude,monument,devotion等

(2)要求用in的名词:interest,satisfaction,expert等

(3)要求用on的名词:mercy,congratulations,effect等

(4)要求用其他介词的名词:prize for,respect for,victory over,struggle with,excuse for,for fear of等

2.形容词与介词的固定搭配

(1)要求用at的形容词:afraid,angry,good,bad,clever,surprised,excited,puzzled,frightened

(2)要求用of的形容词:afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy

(3)要求用with的形容词:angry,strict,careful,busy,popular,patient

(4)要求用in的形容词:weak,strict,rich,interested,successful,slow

(5)要求用to的形容词:next,good,polite,kind,cruel,rude,known,married,close,similar,due

(6)要求用for的形容词:sorry,famous,fit,unfit,eager,anxious,hungry (7)要求用from的形容词:far,different,free,safe,absent,tired

(8)要求用about的形容词:sorry,worried,curious,anxious,careful,sure,certain

注意:同一形容词与不同的介词搭配其含义不同。如:

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