写作高频词汇及句型

写作高频词汇及句型正确使用四种特殊句式a 状语提前Obviously, if elderly people live at home, their children can take care of them and they feel less lonely.Overall, the function of a building is more important to a building than its appearance.Most importantly, the government should make sure that citizens can improve their lives.b 倒装句Not only should the parents spend more time with their children, they should also try to communicate with their children more often.Only in this way can this issue be effectively solved.c 强调句It is the slits that make a chi-pao really special.It is the traditions in Beijing that attract many foreign tourists.d 虚拟语气The schools would seem very impersonal were all the computers to replace human teachers.写作中重要的语法A 句子成分：1 We should not underestimate the severity of this matter. Smoking is just a personal choice rather than a moral issue.It is hard to reach a consensus on this affair.2 Nowadays, more and more people agree that gambling is an unwholesome hobby.3 Junk food impairs peop le’s health.Studies reveal that there is a definite link between obesity and serious diseases such as heart attacks.What we are concerned about is that to what extent tests are harmful to students’ creativity.Animal experiments are inhumane.4 In recent years, the Internet has been gaining in popularity at an amazing rate.5 Outdoor activities can greatly improve our health.6 Shopping, a necessary activity in everyday life, is far more convenient in the city than in the country.7 … found the emp loyment situation frustrating. Some people think that the computer technology will make human workers redundant.如何写复杂句1 cause and effect 因果关系标志词1）表示原因的as , since ; due to , owing to2）表示结果的hence(因此)，thus(因此) ，therefore（因此）As a conse quence,…（作为结果）As a result,…（作为结果）Consequently…（作为结果）3）thereby( 以此达到……的目的)1 The ecological problems are being aggravated; hence , it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.2 The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable environment.2 exemplification举例关系标志词Take…for example.(以……为例) for instance,（比如……）To illustrate,…(例如…..) As an apt illustrati on,…（作为例证,……）Consider, for example…(以……为例)1 The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example; when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.2 An imals are humans’ companions. To illustrate, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.3 comparison and contrast 对比关系标志词while…/ whilst… /whereas…By contrast,…1 While/ Whilst modern man leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.2 The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.4 Concession 让步关系标志词Despite/In spite of/Notwithstanding…(尽管…) Nonetheless/ Nevertheless，(尽管如此) Even though…(尽管) = Although1 In spite of the disadvantages animal experimentation can bring about, many scientists insist on continuing this practice.2 The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.5 Supposition 假设论证标志词provided that…（如果）If …1 Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.2 If large companies are moved to the countryside, the traffic congestion in cities will be alleviated substantially.6 Modification 修饰关系that, who, which1 In this day and age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.2 Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.一个类别的词汇也可能用在其他类别，比如transform（变革,及物动词）被列在technology类里，但是也可以用在讨论development类的话题里；注意词汇的用法：noun 名词vt 及物动词vi 不及物动词adj 形容词adv 副词BrE 表示该单词使用的是英式拼写；Education:1) 传授知识：impart(vt)/inculcate(vt) knowledge灌输高尚的道德观念：instill(vt) high moral values（注意values复数表示价值观）给学生以动力give the students motivation to do sth.或者motivate（vt）the students to do sth. 给学生以灵感stimulate thestudents’ thought 或者give the students inspiration 培养（某种素质）cultivate / foster / nurture (vts)促进学生身心的发展promote the student’s physical, mental(或者用intellectual) andemotional development 心理健康psychologicalsoundness/well-being/welfare(adjs) 塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt) one’s character责任感a sense of obligation 能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent 能力（后天学习得到的）ability / skill2) 学生接受的学校教育(名词) schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育（名词）upbringing(noun)教学法teaching methodology /pedagogical methodology 用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt)the students 学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器Students should not be treated as passive receptacles ofpredigested ideas. 死记硬背learn things by rote 为了记忆而记忆memorize (BrE) for memorization’s own sake 记忆方程式，公式，定理，定律memorize(vt) equations, formulas,theorems and laws(nouns) 应用apply (vt) 盲从followsomething blindly/indiscriminately(advs)限制创造力的发展extinguish (vt)/ stifle(vt) /constrain(vt) creativity(noun) 打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts) the students’ enthusiasm或者frustrate the students 产生不必要的压力beget / create unduepressure背诵的时候尽量联系话题来记（比如教育，犯罪，环境），在写作的时候也可以根据话题来随时查阅这个词汇表，这样反复熟悉，大家将很快掌握这１００个精彩的作文词汇n 生活节奏50 the pace of life=the tempo of lifen 城乡差距51 the gap between the urbanarea and the rural area52 inferior adj 质量差的53 facilities n 设施54 alienated adj (人与人之间)疏远的55 materialistic adj (人)物质化的，现实的56 the present situation=the n 现状current situation=thestatus quo57 affluent adj 富裕的，有钱的58 impoverished adj 贫穷的59 sweeping trends n 席卷一切的潮流vt 有机结合东西方文化60 synthesize the Asian andWestern cultures61 erode vt 侵蚀（本土文化）62 universal adj 普遍的63 a double-edged sword n 双刃剑（既有好处也有坏处）64 domestic violence n 家庭暴力65 gender equality n 性别平等66 discrimination n 歧视67 an enlightened society n 一个开明的社会68 household chores n 家务事69 be tied down by v 被……所拖累70 offspring n 后代71 personality clashes n 性格冲突72 household n 家庭的另一种写法73 generation gap n 代沟74 family bonds n 亲情75 harmony n 和谐76 crimes=offense=criminalactsn 犯罪77 commit a crime v 犯罪（动词短语）78 stringent adj 严厉的79 punishment n 惩罚80 the crime rate=theincidence of crime n犯罪率81 rampant adj 猖獗的82 violate the law v 违法83 curb v 遏制（犯罪、污染等）84 preserve v 保护(某种资源,比如natural resources或者old buildings），如果保护某人可以用protect85 inhumane adj 残酷的86 biodiversity n 生物多样性87 companions n 伙伴88 replacements=alternatives n 替代物（比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验）89 habitat n 栖息地90 endangered species n 濒危动物91 sustainable development n 可持续发展92 exploit natural resources v 开采自然资源93 the ecosystem(请大家记住任何eco-开头的单词都和生态有关)n 生态系统94 profound impact n 深远的影响95 conserve v 节约，代替save96 deteriorate(不及物动词)aggravate(及物动词) v 如果某种现象自身恶化，就可以说它deteriorate如果某种事物导致别的现象恶化，就用aggravatesth.或者用被动形式97 discharge v 排放（污染物）98 consume=deplete v 消耗（资源）99 eco-friendly adj 有益于环保的100 scarcity n 短缺。