最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(附答案)
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(及答案)
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Engineers in Upstate New York have invented a folded paper device that looks like a decorated art project. But don't be fooled. This is actually a paper-based battery. No, it doesn't look like any of those metal batteries running flashlights or smartphones. In these systems, the battery can be printed on a page. The battery's power consists of living bacteria.Paper electronics are simple to make and inexpensive, notes study leader Seokheun Choi, an engineer at Binghamton University. They need no electrical outlet to recharge. They just need more bacteria, which can be found everywhere — including dirty water."Most batteries use chemicals to generate electricity. Substituting bacteria can be an advantage," Choi says. "They are cheap and self-repairing." What paper-based batteries won't do is generate much power. They do, however create enough to run small devices in faraway or dangerous places — such as a battlefield. They might also find use in medicine. For instance, they might power tiny sensors, such as the types used to measure blood sugar.This invention is based on an observation made more than a century ago — that microbes (微生物) produce electricity as they digest food. Scientists refer to the bio-batteries based on this principle as microbial fuel cells. A fuel cell generates electricity like a regular battery. But a regular battery stops producing electricity when its inner chemical reactions stop. A fuel cell uses fuel that can be refilled. In this case, bacteria serve as the fuel. By refilling more microbes, as needed, scientists can keep these fuel cells running.Lab tests have shown that the new battery can produce a current. Now, Choi and his team are looking at ways to increase the power. They're studying different shapes and materials for the anode and cathode (正负极). They're also looking for the best ways to combine batteries for more power. The beauty of the paper devices is that you can simply fold them to connect them. And they surely will be a trend in the near future.（1）What makes the paper-based batteries different from other batteries?A. They are mainly used to run smartphones.B. They use bacteria to generate electricity.C. They are used to decorate small devices.D. They take a much shorter time to recharge.（2）What can the paper-based batteries do?A. Power tiny devices.B. Lower blood sugar levels.C. Produce much electricity.D. Change chemicals in the paper.（3）What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A. The application of the new battery.B. The characteristics of the paper batteries.C. The intention to invent the device.D. The working principle of the invention.（4）What is the author's attitude towards the development of the paper-based batteries?A.Defensive.B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful.D.Ambiguous.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(及答案)100
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(及答案)100一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解If American waterways had ever been voted on the yearbook, the Buffalo River could easily have been named Ugliest. It could be hard to find hope there. It took decades for public perception of the river to shift. But activist citizens, who collaborated with industry, government, and environment groups never gave up on their polluted river—the Buffalo River gradually went from being considered a lost cause to a place worth fighting for. And by now the cleaned—up water is one of Buffalo'S biggest attractions.By the 1960s, the river was seen as one of the worst sources of pollution pouring into the Great Lakes. The Buffalo River had caught fire many times. The surface had an oily layer, and any fish caught there were not eatable.The waterway's fate started shifting in the mid-1960s. Stanley Spisiak was a local Polish—American jeweler by day, but by evening he was the kind of guy who'd chase down dumpers(垃圾车)he spotted on the Buffalo River. By 1966 he found himself winning the National Wildlife Federation's "Water Conservationist of the Year" award. And before long he got a nickname:" Mr. Buffalo River. "But there was only so much he could do—the river was still declared biologically dead in 1969.Jill Spisiak Jedlicka is his great-grandniece. She picks up where he left off by directing the river's protector organization, Buffalo Niagara Waterkeeper. Professor Schneekloth and seven friends founded the organization as an all-volunteer nonprofit in 1989, after organizing the first river cleanup that year. Today the group employs 27 full-time workers and has helped oversee the Buffalo River's $100 million restoration.So far, the Buffalo River's water quality has restored, but it is still an ongoing issue, as sewage(污水)can overflow into the river after storms. Habitat restoration continues as well; fish and plantings are still being sampled to measure how well it's gone.（1）What did the Buffalo River use to be?A. A waterway on the yearbook.B. A river heavily polluted.C. A great attraction of Buffalo's.D. A place worth fighting for.（2）Why was Mr.Spisiak named "Mr. Buffalo River"?A. Because his fate shifted in the 1 960s.B. Because he spotted dumpers on the River.C. Because he spared no efforts to protect the river.D. Because the river was declared biologically dead.（3）How long did it take for the river to restore?A. More than half a century.B. Just four decades.C. About 30 years.D. Only 27 years.（4）What can be a suitable title for this text?A. The restoration of the Buffalo RiverB. Stanley Spisiak: The "Mr.Buffalo River"C. The future of the Buffalo RiverD. River protection: A long way to go【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了被污染的the Buffalo River的恢复。
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(含答案) (4)
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A study published in the journal Science reveals that since 1970, bird populations in the United States and Canada have declined by 29 percent, or almost 3 billion birds. The results show tremendous losses across diverse groups of birds and habitats - from iconic songsters such as meadowlarks to long-distance migrants such as swallows."These data are consistent with what we're seeing elsewhere," said coauthor Peter Marra, former head of the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center. It's urgent to address ongoing threats, both because the domino effects (多米诺效应)can lead to the decay of ecosystems that humans depend on for our own health and livelihoods and because people all over the world cherish birds in their own right. Can you imagine a world without birdsong?"Evidence for the declines emerged from detection of migratory birds in the air from 143 NEXRAD weather radar stations across the continent in a period spanning over 10 years as well as from nearly 50 years of data collected through multiple monitoring efforts on the ground. Citizen-science participants also contributed a lot, for the analysis included citizen-science data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey coordinated by the Canadian Wildlife Service- the main sources of long-term, large-scale population data for North American birds.The study noted that the largest factor driving these declines is likely the widespread loss and degradation of habitat, especially due to agricultural intensification and urbanization. Other studies have documented death from predation (捕食)by domestic cats; collisions with glass, buildings, and other structures; and pervasive (普遍的)use of pesticides associated with widespread declines in insects, an essential food source for birds. Climate change is expected to compound these challenges by altering habitats and threatening plant communities that birds need to survive."It's a wake-up call that we've lost more than a quarter of our birds in the U.S. and Canada," said coauthor Adam Smith from Environment and Climate Change Canada. But the crisis reaches far beyond our individual borders. Many of the birds that breed in Canadian backyards migrate through or spend the winter in the U.S. and places farther south - from Mexico and the Caribbean to Central and South America. What our birds need now is an historic, hemispheric effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.（1）The underlined word "decay" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to____.A.improvementB.worseningC.changedD.threat（2）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?A.New findings of the research.B.Applications of the research.C.Data sources of the research.D.Methods of the research.（3）What Adam Smith said mainly implies that___________.A.bird populations in America and Canada dropped by a quarterB.the bird population crisis is not just within individual bordersC.there is little individuals can do to help increase bird populationsD.the solution to solving the crisis needs international cooperation【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(含答案)
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Positive thinking is a significant element of happiness. In order to become a positive thinker, determination and consistency are important. The first thing to know about positive thinking is that everyone can do it. With certain cognitive (认知的) and behavioral changes, we can all become positive thinkers. Another important factor is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook.Instead of selectively attending to negative events, focus on the positive ones. Then pay attention to the delayed consequences of your behavior rather than the immediate ones. For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better.Challenge any internal attributions and see if you compare your behavior to standards that are excessively rigid and perfectionistic. If so, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons. For example, if you constantly compare your weaknesses with other people's strengths, then switch this and compare yourself with those who are doing poorer than you as well. Overall, people who focus more on their strengths than their weaknesses but at the same time are aware of their weaknesses have a healthier self-evaluation result.When faced with too much fear about a situation, imagine the worst case and visualize a solution for it, then let go of fear. This way, you will be prepared for anything and your fear will not block you from being open and creative to different solutions. For example, if you are constantly worried about losing your job up to a point where it is creating a lot of anxiety and fear and is effecting your performance and your happiness negatively, then think of losing your job, visualize how you will handle it, find solutions in your mind and then let go of the thought and the fear attached to it.So positive thinkers are better problem solvers and have better interactions. In addition to that, people who are positive thinkers are happier and more satisfied with their life.（1）Why is positive thinking a significant element of happiness?A. It means that one is blind to the troubles and difficulties that exist.B. It means that one constantly compares everything with other people's.C. It means that one is strong in mind and has nothing to be afraid of.D. It means that one approaches life and faces challenges more healthily.（2）What does the text suggest about the job you don't like?A. Quitting it and finding a better one.B. Keeping and trying to make it better.C. Being negative and numb to it.D. Challenging yourself with a new outlook.（3）What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4?A. Be prepared for the worst: and let go of fear.B. Being constantly worried will lose your job.C. Fear will prevent you being open and creative.D. There is nothing to fear if well prepared.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A. How to focus on the positive eventsB. How to be a positive thinkerC. What to do when faced with fearD. What to know of self-evaluation【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文为是一篇议论文，积极的思考是幸福的重要组成部分。
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编任务型阅读(及答案)
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编任务型阅读(及答案)一、高中英语任务型阅读1．（2018•江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
每个空格只填一个单词。
How Arts Promote Our EconomyWhen most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. "If you build it they will come" is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect（连锁反应）throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.Teco Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg's investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.outside/beyond；statistics/data/analyses；alternative【解析】【分析】本文论述如何用艺术促进经济。
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(及答案)
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解Cassandra Feeley finds it hard to manage on her husband's income. So this year she did something more than a hobby. She planted vegetables in her yard. For her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tomato plants, and five rows of a variety of vegetables. The family's old farm house has become a chicken house, its residents arriving next month. Last year, Ms. Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, "The cost of everything is going up and I was looking to lose a few pounds too; so it's a win-win situation all around."They are among the growing number of Americans who, driven by higher living costs and a falling economy, have taken up vegetable gardening for the first time. Others have increased the size of their existing gardens. Seed companies and garden shops say that not since the 1970s has there been such an increase in interest in growing food at home. Now many gardens across the country have been sold out for several months. In Austin, Tex, some of the gardens have a three-year waiting list.George C Ball Jr. owner of a company, said sales of vegetable seeds and plants are up by 40%, over last year, double the average growth of last five years. Mr. Ball argues that some of the reasons have been building for the last few years. The big one is striking rise in the cost on food like bread and milk, together with the increases in the price of fruit and vegetables. Food prices have increase of higher oil price. People are driving less, taking fewer vacations, so there is more time to garden.（1）What does the word "residents" in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?A. chickensB. tomatoesC. gardensD. people（2）Why is vegetable gardening becoming increasingly popular?A. More Americans are doing it for fun.B. The price of oil is lower than before.C. There's a growing need for fruits.D. The cost of living is on the rise.（3）Which of the following might be the best title for the text?A. Family Food PlanningB. Banking on GardeningC. A Belt-tightening MoveD. Gardening as a Hobby【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，越来越多的美国人在自家花园里种菜，分析出现这一现象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和经济的下降，人们不得不自己种菜以降低生活成本。
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(含答案) (7)
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(含答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well-known environmental organizations.World Wildlife Fund (WWF)The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best-known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They've been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website , join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center.National Geographic Society (NGS)National Geographic Society is well-known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest-running in the world—they've been around since 1888, focus on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You chopse to donate through the website ，buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription.National Wildlife Federation (NWF)Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—-the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf. org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations.Ecology Fund, comSet up in 1976，Ecology Fund, com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, Ecology Fund, com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click.（1）Which environmental organization has the longest history?A. Ecology .B. World Wildlife Fund.C. National Geographic Society.D. National Wildlife Federation.（2）What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection?A. Knowledge.B. Management.C. Money.D. Patience.（3）In what way does differ from the other three organizations?A. The size of networks.B. The way of operation.C. The strength of influence.D. The degree of popularity.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个著名的环保组织。
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编任务型阅读(含答案)
最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编任务型阅读(含答案)一、高中英语任务型阅读1．任务型阅读“Urgent action required”, “Do you still want to hear from us?”, “We've updated our privacy policy”, “Should we stop sending you updates? If not, act now!”Many of us will have received emails like this during the past few weeks. Triggering this flood of emails is something called GDPR that comes into effect in just under two weeks' time. Often the emails warn that if you don't respond, you will be removed from the company's database, which raises a lot of questions. What action, if any, do you need to take? Could it affect you financially? GDPR, which stands for General Data Protection Regulation, has been described as the biggest overhaul（彻底检查）of online privacy since the birth of the internet. It is designed to give all EU citizens the right to know what data is stored on them and to have it deleted, plus protect them from privacy breaches（破坏）. It comes into effect on 25 May.The new rules encourage the requirement for explicit and informed consent before data is processed. As a result, companies and organizations around the world are contacting users to check they are happy to carry on receiving their emails.However, many of us seem to be going down with “GDPR fatigue（厌倦）”: one article last week claimed that the “reconfirmation rate” - the proportion of people saying they want to continue receiving a company's emails - at UK micro-businesses was averaging just 10%, which meant “they could lose 90% of their subscribers - the life-blood for their business”. So it's no wonder some firms have adopted policies such as offering to enter people into a prize draw in return for them going in and updating their communication preferences.The average adult is said to have about 100 “data relationships” —companies and organizations that hold our personal data. Meanwhile, the reason why the company that occasionally emails you newsletters is now asking for your consent is perhaps because you never explicitly gave it permission to send you stuff. Maybe you only get its emails because you went to an event it organized ages ago or you once downloaded something from its website. Under the new regime, that almost certainly wouldn't count as explicit and informed consent, hence it's getting in touch now.The bottom line is that if it is a company or organization that you want to continue hearing from, you should probably click the button or log in to ensure you keep getting its emails. If it doesn't hear from you, it may decide to take you off its database.protection/respect；response(s)/reaction(s)；unwilling/reluctant；prize/bonus；consent/permission/approval/agreement；unintentionally/unpurposely/indeliberately/undesignedly/unconsciously【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了人们对GDPR邮件的反应以及公司会采用的一些对应措施。
高考英语二模试题分类汇编——阅读理解综合及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解A few hours after my first mission, returning to Earth on the space shuttle Endeavour, I completed all of my medical tests after flight, met with NASA officials, and reunited with my family. Finally, I was alone in my office room in astronaut crew quarters at the Kennedy Space Center, exhausted and ready for bed. And I did what anyone does when they return to their hotel room on a business trip: I turned on the TV. The television news started up: Such and such had happened, people were shocked, blah blah blah. Sports scores. Silly commercials.It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off. It felt like my body was rejecting all this input, just as it would reject an organ donation that had the wrong blood type. All of this noise was just completely foreign to who I was—or, more appropriately, who I had become. A few hours before, I had been orbiting Earth, seeing our planet from space, flying the most amazing machine ever built by human hands, working with a team that was the absolute success of human. And now here in my room watching what was being sold as news, and with my newfound perspective, I just could not stomach it. My worldview was changed forever in a profound (深刻的) way.The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture perspective. That will stick with me for the rest of my life.Whenever I feel the pressure of modern life, the stress about work, or worry about the future, I remember my time in the space station. Back to seeing the sun set Or watching our galaxy rise on the horizon. Or seeing a sea of lightning flash a hundred times a second. Or simply back to floating weightlessly.When I'm there in my mind and realize how many billions of these beautiful sunsets there have been and will be in the future, the cares of the world just don't seem that pressing. It goes that, "Do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself." Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better with this attitude!（1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word stomach in paragraph 2?A. Access.B. Attend.C. Accept.D. Afford.（2）What is the most important change to the writer?A. He has a broader view of the world.B. He doesn't like watching TV any more.C. He will always be most grateful for everything.D. He can fly the most amazing machine by hands.（3）What attitude to life does the writer tend to have?A. caged bird longs for clouds.B. Live in the present moment.C. Let bygones be bygones.D. Time works great changes.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了在一次太空之旅后作者对待生活的态度的变化。
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编 阅读理解(及答案)
高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(及答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. "An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role," he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. "Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy," he said. "This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people."But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds."One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,"said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential(潜力)in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications "How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in," he said. "If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come."（1）What does the global study tell us about people's height in the last century?A. The increase in people's height has been quickening.B. The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.C. There is a remarkable difference across continents.D. There has been a noticeable increase in most countries.（2）What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A. They enjoy an easier life.B. They tend to live longer.C. They risk fewer deadly diseases.D. They have greater expectations in life.（3）What does the underlined word "reversed" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Slowed down.B. Gone upwards.C. Changed to the contrary.D. Come to life again.（4）What does James Bentham suggest we do?A. Ensure children's proper nutrition and healthcare.B. Improve the economic situation of some countries.C. Watch the global trend of increasing height closely.D. Attach great importance to environmental protection.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
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最新高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(附答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1．（2019•天津）阅读理解How does an ecosystem（生态系统）work? What makes the populations of different species the way they are? Why are there so many flies and so few wolves? To find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats whom and how much each one eats.With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. Most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. When a predator（掠食动物）always eats huge numbers of a single prey（猎物）, the two species are strongly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction（灭绝）of one of them. And if a predator can move on to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. The weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction.Mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species---including species they did not directly attack.And unplanned human activities have proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. These actions have greatly affected the ecological balance.Scientists have built an early-warning system based on mathematical models. Ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. Prevention is key, scientists says because once ecosystems pass their tipping point（临界点）, it is remarkably difficult for them to return.（1）What have scientists discovered with the help of mathematical models of food webs？A. The living habits of species in food webs.B. The rules governing food webs of the ecosystems.C. The approaches to studying the species in the ecosystems.D. The differences between weak and strong links in food webs.（2）A strong link is found between two species when a predator______.A. has a wide food choiceB. can easily find new preyC. sticks to one prey speciesD. can quickly move to another place（3）What will happen if the populations of top predators in a food web greatly decline？A. The prey species they directly attack will die out.B. The species they indirectly attack will turn into top predators.C. The living environment of other species will remain unchanged.D. The populations of other species will experience unexpected changes.（4）What conclusion can be drawn from the examples in Paragraph 4？A. Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.B. Rapid economic development threatens animal habitats.C. Species of commercial value dominate other species.D. Industrial activities help keep food webs stable.（5）How does an early-warning system help us maintain the ecological balance？A. By getting illegal practices under control.B. By stopping us from killing large predators.C. By bringing the broken-down ecosystems back to normal.D. By signaling the urgent need for taking preventive action.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了一些在食物网运营的关键原则。
科学家们说;因为一个生态系统越过了它的临界点，它们很难再回来。
该系统将告诉我们何时适应人类活动，这些活动正将生态系统推向崩溃，或者甚至允许我们将生态系统从边缘拉回来，预防是关键。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“With such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs.”可知，借助食物网的数学模型，科学家们发现了食物网中的一些关键原则。
故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“When a predator(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物)，the two species are strongly linked”可知，当捕食者总是吃大量的单一猎物，这两个物种是紧密相连的。
故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“In the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had, a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other species they did not directly attack”可知，处于食物网顶端的食肉动物对它们没有直接攻击的其他物种的种群数量有着惊人的控制，由此可推断出，如果食物链顶级食肉动物的数量大大下降，其他物种的种群将经历意想不到的变化。
故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Ideally the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline”可知，人类过度的活动会将生态系统推向崩溃，由此可推断出，不受控制的人类活动极大地破坏了生态系统。