PART ONE English Literature
英国文学用英语怎么说
英国文学用英语怎么说英国文学源远流长，经历了长期、复杂的发展演变过程。
在这个过程中，文学本体以外的各种现实的、历史的、政治的、文化的力量对文学发生着影响。
那么你知道英国文学用英语怎么说吗?接下来跟着店铺来学习一下吧。
英国文学的英语说法1：English literature英国文学的英语说法2：British literature英国文学相关英语表达：英国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of British Literature英国文学选读 selected readings in british literature英国文学讲座 Lecture on English Lite英国文学及写作 English Literature and Composition中古时期英国文学 Old and Medieval British Literature英国文学的英语例句：1. He secured the appointment of professor of English literature in the university.他获聘为该大学的英国文学教授.2. The work is one of the great monuments of English literature.此作品是英国文学的不朽名作之一.3. That was the high summer of English literature.那是英国文学的黄金时代.4. Are you majoring in English Literature?你是在专修英国文学吗 ?5. His speciality is English literature.他的专业是英国文学.6. Dickens'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学.7. He has a formidable knowledge of English literature.他有丰富的英国文学知识.8. His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。
(2020年编辑)英国文学史习题全集(含答案)
C.The Legend of Good WomenD.The Book of the Duchess
14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact on the wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.
A. engineer B. courtier C. office holder
A. Morte d’ArthurB.Robin Hood
C. The Canterbury Tales D. Piers the Plowman
11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in Londonin about 1340.
A. French B. English C. Latin D. Swedish
7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.
A. Langland B. GowerC.Wycliffe D. Chaucer
A.Geoffrey Chaucer B. Sir Gawain C. Francis Bacon D. John Dryden
12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.
自考英美文学选读-(中英文对照)
Part one: English LiteratureChapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
2009年7月英美文学选读真题以及答案
2009年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上（全部题目用英文作答）PART ONE (40 POINTS)I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. The first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people is_____.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Protestant ReformationC. The Enlightenment MovementD. The Chartist Movement2. Daniel Defoe’s works are all the following EXCEPT_____.A. Moll FlandersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colonel Jack3. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wroteunder the influence of _____.A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton4. The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica6. Which of the following descriptions of Enlightenment Movement is NOT true?A. It was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France.B. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries.C. The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with moderu philosophical and artisticideas.D. The Enlighteners advocate individual education.7. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT_____.A. being preciseB. being directC. being flexibleD. being satiric8. A good style of prose“proper works in proper places”was defined by_____.A. John MiltonB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot9. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage10. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”11. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and HellC. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los12. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shelley’s_____.A. “The Cloud”B. “To a Skylark”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”13. In the Victorian Period _____ became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. drama14. In Charles Dickens’early novels, he attacks one or more specific social evils, _____is a good example of describing the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life.A. David CopperfieldB. Oliver TwistC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son15. Thomas Hardy’s most cheerful and idyllic work is_____.A. The Return of the NativeB. Far from the Maddin CrowdC. Under the Greenwood TreeD. The Woodlanders16. The rise of _____ and new science greatly incited modernist writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.A. the existentialistic ideaB. the irrational philosophyC. scientific socialismD. social Darwinism17. In Modern English literature, the literary interest of _____lay in the tracing of thepsychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehu-manizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. George Bernard ShawB.T.S. EliotC. Oscar WildeD.D.H. Lawrence18. George Bernard Shaw’s _____ is a better play of the later period, with the author’s almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of WWI and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Too True to Be GoodB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Widowers’HousesD. Fanny’s First Play19. Renaissance first started in Italy, with the flowering of the following fields EXCEPT_____.A. architectureB. paintingC. sculptureD. literature20. English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude21. Charlotte Bront e ’s work _____ is famous for the depiction of the life of the middle - class working women, particularly governesses.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. The ProffessorD. Shirley22. The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the _____ breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. spiritualB. religiousC. politicalD. physical23. Perhaps Emily Dickinson’s greatest interpretation of the moment of _____ is to be found in “I heard a Fly buzz--when I died—”, a poem universally regarded as one of her masterpieces. A. fantasy B. birthC. crisisD. death24. The fiction of the American _____ period ranges from the comic fables of Washing-ton Irving to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.A. RomanticB. RevolutionaryC. ColonialD. Modernistic25. The modern _____ technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasizethe reactions and inner musings of the narrator.A. stream - of - consciousnessB. flashbackC. mosaicD. narrative and argumentative26. By means of “_____,”Whitman believed, he has turned the poem into an openfield, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. balanced structureB. free verseC. fixed verseD. regular rhythm27. In 1954, _____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for “his powerful style -forming mas tery of the art”of creating modern fiction.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Sherwood AndersonC. Stephen CraneD. Henry James28. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of _____ in the literary history of the United States, which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature.A. RationalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Modernism29. When he was eighty - seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This poet was_____.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. E. E. CummingsD. Wallace Stevens30. The renowned American critic H. L. Mencken regarded _____ as “the true father of our national literature.”A. Bret HarteB. Walt WhitmanC. Washington IrvingD. Mark Twain31. We can easily find in Theodore Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed”was the law. Dreiser’s _____ found expression in almost every book he wrote.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. cubismD. classicalism32. A preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of _____ and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. love and mercyB. bitterness and hatredC. original sinD. eternal life33. “H e possessed none of the usual aids to a writer’ s career: no money, no friend in power, noformal education worthy of mention, no family tradition in letters. ”This is a description most suitable to the American writer_____.A. Henry JamesB. Theodore DreiserC. W.D. Howells D. Nathaniel Hawthorne34. People generally considered _____ to be Henry James’ masterpiece, which incar nates t he clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.A. The EuropeansB. Daisy MillerC. The Portrait of A LadyD. The Private Life35. The Jazz Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in_______.A. The Great GatsbyB. The Sun Also RisesC. The Grapes of WrathD. Tales of the Jazz Age36. Guided by the principle of adhering to the truthful treatment of life, the American _______ introduced industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen and vagrants, prostitutes and unheroic soldiers as major characters in fiction.A. romanticistsB. modernistsC. psychologistsD. realists37. The American literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often acclaimed to be_______.A. Henry JamesB. Robert FrostC. William FaulknerD.F. Scott Fitzgerald38. By writing Moby - Dick, _______ reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser39. Faulkner once said that _____ is a story of “lost innocence,”which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. Light in AugustB. The Sound and the Fur yC. Absalom, Absalom!D. The Hamlet40. Hawthorne was not a Puritan himself, but his view of man and human history origina ted, to a great extent, in_______.A. CalvinismB. PuritanismC. RealismD. NaturalismPART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What’ s the rhyme scheme for the stanza?C. What’s the theme of the poem?42. The following quotation is from Mrs. Warren’s Profession:VIVIE: [ intensely interested by this time] No; but why did you choose that business?Saving money and good management will succeed in any business.MRS. W ARREN: Yes, saving money. But where can a woman get the money to save in any other business? Could you save out of four shillings a week and keep yourself dressedas well? Not you. Of course, if you’ re a pl ain woman and cant earn anything more ;or if you have a turn for music, or the stage, or newspaper - writing ; that’s different...Questions :A. Identify the playwright of the above quotation.B. What business do you think Mrs. Warren is involved in?C. What's the theme of the play?43. My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this stanza?C. Briefly interpret the meaning of this stanza.44. “Where are we going, Dad?”Nick asked.“Over to the Indian camp. There is an Indian lady very sick. ”“Oh,”said Nick.Across the bay they found the other boat beached. Uncle George was smoking a cigar in the dark. The young Indian pulled the boat way up on the beach. Uncle George gave both the Indians cigars.Questions :A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.B. What does Dad imply when he says “There is an Indian lady very sick”?C. Why is Dad going to the Indian camp?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following 9uestions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What’ s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?46. What are the main features of Bernard Shaw’s plays with regard to the theme, charac-terizationand plot?47. Henry Jame s’ literary criticism is an indispensable part of his contribution to literature. What’shis outlook in literary criticiam?48. Local colorism is a unique variation of American literary realism. Who is the most famouslocal colorist? What are local colorists most concerned?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Define modernism in English literature. Name two major modernistic British writers and listone major work by each.50. Briefly discuss the term “The Lost Generation”and name the leading figures of this literarymovement (Give at least three).。
English Literature 英国文学考试试题及答案
Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeatingEngland.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer明朝3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.中世纪A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.亚瑟王的顶峰A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB.BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. TheNormans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator ofthe Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. Wycliffe威克利夫D. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed,through which, we can see a picture of the life in the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudal封建的；领地的；世仇的C. bourgeois 资本家D. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revolt反抗C. obedience顺从D. mockery嘲弄10. The most famous cycle of English ballads民歌centers on the stories about alegendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets ofEngland, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey威斯敏斯特教堂（英国名人墓地13. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the FrenchRoman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A.The Romaunt of the Rose 传奇故事B. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact onthe wide range of his writings. Which one is not his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem na med _____ based on Boccaccio’spoem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAABⅡ. Questions1.What are the features of Beowulf?文体。
英美文学作家及作品
PART ONE: ENGLISH LITERATURE 英国文学An Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureChapter 1 The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期I. Edmund Spenser 埃蒙德.斯宾塞牧人日记《The Shepheardes Calender》仙后《The Faerie Queene》婚曲《Epithalamion》II. Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫.马洛帖木儿-----Tamburlaine浮士德博士的悲剧----Dr. Faustus爱德华二世----Edward II激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘---- The Passionate Shepherd to His LoveIII. William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚哈姆莱特---Hamlet奥塞罗---Othello李尔王—King Lear麦克白--Macbeth终成眷属---All’s Well That Ends Well仲夏夜之梦—A Midsummer Night’s Dream威尼斯商人---The Merchant of Venice无事生非---Much Ado about Nothing皆大欢喜---As You Like It罗密欧和朱丽叶---Romeo and JulietIV. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根培根散文集---Essays学术的进展---The Advancement of Learning新工具----Novum Organum法律原理---Maxims of Law—论学习---Of StudiesV. John Donne 约翰.邓恩挽歌与讽刺----The Elegies and Satires歌与十四行诗---The Songs and Sonnets告别爱情----Farewell to Love圣十四行诗---Holly Sonnets圣父赞美诗----A Hymn to God the Father日出---The Sun Rising死亡，你别骄傲---Death, Be Not ProudVI. John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿失乐园---Paradise Lost复乐园---Paradise Regained力士参孙----Samson AgonistesChapter 2 The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期I. John Bunyan 约翰.班扬天路历程---The Pilgrim’s Progress罪人头目的赦免---Grace Abounding to the Chiel of Sinners拜得门先生生死录—The Life and Death of Mr. Badman圣战----The Holy WarII. Alexander Pope 亚历山大.蒲伯论批评---An Essay on Criticism夺发记---The Rape of the Lock群愚史诗---The Dunciad人伦---An Essay on Man译有荷马史诗《伊利亚特》、《奥德塞》III. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福鲁滨逊漂流记----Robinson Crusoe辛利顿船长----Captain Singleton莫尔.弗朗德斯-----Moll Flanders杰克上校----Colonel Jack— <成为异教徒的捷径>---The Shortest Way with the Dissenters(1702) 让他身陷囹圄《地地道道的英国人》-The True-Born Englishman使他成为英王的好朋友。
英国文学简史笔记
Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择）9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More——Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (col lection of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。
英国文学中的名词解释
Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance9. Renaissance（名词解释）10.Thomas More??Utopia11. Sonnet（名词解释）12. Blank verse（名词解释）13. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets)Spenserian Stanza（名词解释）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)Beowulf is an Old English heroic epic poem of unknown authorship, dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between the 8th[1] to the early 11th century,[2] and relates events described as having occurred in what is now Denmark and Sweden. Commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature, Beowulf has been the subject of much scholarly study, theory, speculation, discourse, and, at 3182 lines, has been noted for its length.3Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a late 14th-century Middle English alliterative romance outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur's Round Table. In the tale, Sir Gawain accepts a challenge from a mysterious warrior who is completely green, from his clothes and hair to his beard and skin. The "Green Knight" offers to allow anyone to strike him with his axe if the challenger will take a return blow in a year and a day. Gawain accepts, and beheads him in one blow, only to have the Green Knight stand up, pick up his head, and remind Gawain to meet him at the appointed time4A ballad is a poem usually set to music; thus, it often is a story told in a song[1]. Any myth form may be told as a ballad, such as historical accounts or fairy tales in verse form. It usually has foreshortened, alternating four-stress lines ("ballad meter") and simple repeating rhymes, often with a refrain5Robin Hood is an archetypal figure in English folklore, whose story originates from medieval times but who remains significant in popular culture where he is known for robbing the rich to give to the poor and fighting against injustice and tyranny. His band includes "three score" group of fellow outlawed yeomen – called his "Merry Men".[1] He has been the subject of numerous films, television series, books, comics, and plays. In the earliest sources Robin Hood is a commoner, but he would often later be portrayed as the dispossessed Earl of Huntingdon6Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400?) was an English author, poet, philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and diplomat. Although he wrote many works, he is best remembered for his unfinished frame narrative The Canterbury Tales. Sometimes called the father of English literature, Chaucer is credited by some scholars as the first author to demonstrate the artistic legitimacy of the vernacular English language, rather than French or Latin.7heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry; it refers to poems constructed from a sequence of rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. The rhyme is always masculine. Use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Legend of Good Women and the Canterbury Tales. Chaucer is also widely credited with first extensive use of iambic pentameter8The Authorized King James Version is an English translation of the Christian Bible begun in 1604 and first published in 1611 by the Church of England. The Great Bible was the first "authorized version" issued by the Church of England in the reign of King Henry VIII.[4] In January 1604, King James I of England convened the Hampton Court Conference where a new English version was conceived in response to the perceived problems of the earlier translations as detected by the Puritans, a faction within the Church of England.9The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth"; Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere "be born")[1] was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform, this is a very general use of the term.10Thomas More (7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535) was an English lawyer, author, and statesman who in his lifetime gained a reputation as a leading humanist scholar, and occupied many public offices, including Lord Chancellor (1529–1532), in which he had a number of people burned at the stake for heresy. More coined the word "utopia", a name he gave to an ideal, imaginary island nation whose political system he described in the eponymous book published in 1516. He was beheaded in 1535 when he refused to sign the Act of Supremacy that declared Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church of England.11The sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in lyric poetry from Europe. The term "sonnet" derives from the Occitan word sonet and the Italian word sonetto, both meaning "little song". By the thirteenth century, it had come to signify a poem of fourteen lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure. The conventions associated with the sonnet have evolved over its history. The writers of sonnets are sometimes referred to as "sonneteers," although the term can be used derisively. One of the best-known sonnet writers is Shakespeare, who wrote 154 of them. A Shakespearean sonnet consists of 14 lines, each line contains ten syllables, and each line is written in iambic pentameter in which a pattern of a non-emphasized syllable followed by an emphasized syllable is repeated five times. The rhyme scheme in a Shakespearean sonnet is ABAB CDCD EFEF GG, in which the last two lines are a rhyming couplet.12Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter (like that which is used in Shakespearean plays13Edmund Spenser (c. 1552 – 13 January 1599) was an important English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem celebrating, through fantastical allegory, the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy.The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser, published first in three books in 1590, and later in six books in 1596. The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it was the first work written in Spenserian stanza. It is an allegorical work, written in praise of Queen Elizabeth I. Largely symbolic, the poem follows several knights in an examination of several virtues.Amoretti was first published in 1595 in London by William Ponsonby. It was printed as part of a volume entitled “Amoretti and Epithalamion. Written not long since by Edmunde Spenser.” The volume included the sequence of 89 sonnets, along with a series of s hort poems called Anacreontics and an Epithalamion, a public poetic celebration of marriage 15Christopher "Kit" Marlowe (baptised 26 February 1564 – 30 May 1593) was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. The foremost Elizabethan tragedian next to William Shakespeare, he is known for his blank verse, his overreaching protagonists, and his own mysterious and untimely death。
大学英语口试题目及答案
Topic 1LiteraturePart IA.Are you interested in literature? Why or why not?B.English literature has a long history,the literary theory includesmythological,sociological,psychological and etc. the old English classics are some of my favorites. I believe that the purpose of good literature is to help you understand the full range of human emotions. And I think English literature contains plenty of emotions .Such as the pure love in Jane Eyre, and the depressing and hopeless feelings in Tess. People can easily be moved and get involved in the story when reading it. I guess this is the reason why people love English literature so much.C.Please give a brief introduction to William Shakespeare.Shakespeare was one of the greatest Giants of the Renaissance, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent [ˈemɪnənt] dramatist. his influence has gone beyond his time and been strongly felt in all later generations. The popular sayings we have and use today come more from Shakespeare than from any other source.D.Talk about one of your favorite writers and his or her works.It is a little hard to say .I love several of them very much, but I think maybe Charles Dickens is my favorite. His masterpieces are prevalent all over the world.like David copper field ,I love the characterization of the people most about it ,I suppose. They are all so interesting, even the bad guys are memorable. And also, a tale of two cities, which is set in London and Paris, ranks among the most famous works in the history of literary fiction. The most famous section of this book is the opening sentence ,that is It was the best of times, It was the worst of times .It was the season of light, It was the season of darkness. I love dickens, and his works.Topic 2-EducationPart IA.What is the purpose of education?Well, everyone holds different views about the purpose of education. The most important purpose of education, I suppose, is to let students realize the purpose of their life and the destiny of their future so that they can passionately live a purpose-driven life every day. And furthermore, education is intended to create students who are adaptable in this dynamic world.And needless to say, it also intended to teach students how to make money so that they can support themselves and their own family.B.What problems does education have in China?I think the biggest problem is focused on the college entrance examination.Most of us criticize that we shouldn’t evaluate different students according to one system. That is unfair! And more than that, this system causes many side effects .For instance, cause the competition is rather fierce, students are tend tocram死记硬背for a test, they study very hard, but just in order to get good marks, so, after the exam, the knowledge they’ve learned will easily be forgotten. However, this is the only way for us to compete with others at present.C.Some people believe public education is better than home education. What do youthink?To be frank with you, I am a great supporter of public education. I have seen many cases where children who are just taught by their parents or tutors got achievements at last. But I still doubt this type of education. Maybe children who are under home education can learn more efficiently, and can be given more attention. But you know, education is not just about knowledge. It is also about cooperation, competition, respecting and caring other s. T hese characteristics can only be obtained through public education. So once the children under home education step into society, they will realize they are not the center of world, and may find it difficult to get involved in social life and deal with people.D.What do you think about the education imbalance between urban and rural areas? There are many factors associated with the disequilibrium. The imbalance of economic development, from my perspective, is the most vital reason. Due to poverty, the education conditions in rural areas are quite poor. Teachers are in severe shortage and families cannot afford to send their kids to school. A big number of children drop out of school in order that they can earn money for their families. What’s more, the education attitudes of rural people always lag behind the urban. They may hold the view that there isn’t any difference after studying knowledge and skills.As a result, well-educated people devote themselves to the city’s development, but poor people without knowledge can’t be helpful enough to their local development, which leads to the fact that the urban-rural gap in China will be larger and larger. Therefore, it’s crucial to establish the balanced and wide-spread education system. Topic 3LawPart IA.Are there any crimes you have witnessed or heard of on campus?Actually, no. But I did find Shanghai is not as peaceful as I had thought. It is very common to lose your mobile phone or wallet if you are not careful enough. My roommate lost her new-bought mobile phone like a month ago. But the situation is quite different in school. It seems much safer .I think this owes to the security department of ecnu. They truly take many effective measures in our daily life. I appreciate them a lot.B.What do you know about English common law?English common law is the greatest gift England gives to the whole world. And after I studied this unit, the most impressive thing in my mind is that it is members of jury who determine the outcome of the court trial. They can decide whether a person is guilty or not by their logic and common sense. They arekind of almighty[ɔ:lˈmaɪti], I think. And the first English jury trail took place in 1220. In that case, four suspects were sentenced to noose just because of their neighbors' words. I don’t think it is fair enough.C.What are lawyers’ responsibilities?They represent their clients in a court, research and draft court papers, and offer legal advice to their client s, and carry out the intent of the deceased.They are required to be an advocate for their clients and to keep the clients’ best interests in mind at all times. Lawyers must also refrain from charging clients unreasonable or excessive fees. In addition, lawyers have a responsibility to keep information about their clients confidential as part of the client-lawyer relationshipD.What can you do to protect yourself and your home from thieves?I think fitting high-equality locks and burglar-proof windows and doors is agood choice. And make sure that your door and window have been locked when you are about to leave home. If you are going to take a vacation, you’d better request a trusted friend to look after your house, and give the key to her.As to yourself, do not display cash openly, especially when leaving an ATM.Avoiding getting money from ATM in evening. If it has to be done, after it, keep away from large bushes or doorways where someone could be lurking.Topic 4ArtPart IA.Do you think galleries and museums in China attract a lot of people?No. They are more willing to go to amusement park. Maybe it is not easy for everyone to appreciate art.B.Have you heard about Renaissance? What is it about?Renaissance is one of the three largest ideological liberation movements in modern Western Europe. During the Renaissance, new idea and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude towards life.Much of the greatest art in the western history was created during the Renaissance, such as Divine Comedy by Dante and Mona Lisa by Da Vinci.C.Can you briefly talk about the development of Western art?1.During the middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religiousthemes. A typical panting at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God.2.During the Renaissance, people began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude towards life.3.In the late 19th century, there were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Impressionists appear. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different time of a day. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier.4.And then, modern art. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photos. These styles are so different. Who can predict whatpainting styles there will be in future?D.What do you know about Rembrandt?Rembrandt is a renowned Dutch painter. He was good at portrait,genre painting,religious paintings and historical painting. The human figure was Rembrandt’s central subject and contributed to the sense of a shared dialogue between the viewer and the artist, which was the foundation of Rembrandt’s greatness and popularity today.Topic 5MusicPart IA.What are the features of pop music?B.In what ways is classical music different from pop music?They are different from each other in the motive of creation,themeaning of the lyrics as well as the music characters.The pop music is like sweet cola,it makes us feel cool at first,however, we will feel dull or even disgusted after drinking too much of it.The classical music is like a cup of tea,it tastes astringent at thebeginning of drinking it,only a careful look and feel can chew to itmellow.C.What do you know about the great musician, Beethoven?Beethoven is a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the classical and romantic eras in western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers. His best-known compositions include 9 symphonies. He is acknowledged as one of the giants of classical music, and is occasionally referred to as one of the 3Bs who epitomize that tradition.D.What role does music play in our life??The former UN secretary Panjiwen once said that there is no language required in musical world. That is the power of music .That is the power of heart.Through this promotion of arts, we can better understand that the culture and civilizations of other people. In this era of instability and tolerance, we need to promote better understanding through the power of music.Topic 6FoodPart IA.Do you usually eat at the school canteens? What do you think of the food there?I always eat at the school canteens because our lunch break is very short,weonly have time to eat at school. I also have breakfast and dinner at school very often.I think the food there is very cheap compared to the outside.But if you eat at one place everyday,you will get tired of the food there.So I think the food is just OK.Too much water is added in almost every dish. And there are too many fried ones in breakfast.The porridge is too sweet to take.So I think the breakfast is the worst of a day.B.What is junk food? Why shouldn’t we eat too much of it?The term“junk food”is used to describe food that is low in nutritional value,with a comparatively high caloric value.Such as hamburger,pizza, potato chips and all kinds of fried food.Why shouldn’t we eat toomuch of it?First,too much saturated fat in the diet will cause people to put on weight and get fat.It can be very dangerous because obesity can cause many disease like heart disease and diabetes. And it also have too much sugars,soft drinks,cordials,biscuits,cakes and lollies all haveloads of sugar.That's what makes them taste so good!But too much sugar makes people fat,rots the teeth,is bad for the blood and may cause other diseases. We can have a little junk food but we should not have too much of it.C.What kinds of food are popular in China?I think the traditional Chinese food still plays a dominant role,thoughdifferent types of ethnic food are emerging in an endless stream.First, we are accustomed to our traditional Chinese food,and although wemay try those new foods,we focus on health more than newness,we all know the greatest strengths of tradition Chinese food is balance of nutrients.So we prefer Chinese food to the others,and the Chinesefood is still most popular in china.D.Do you think you have a healthy diet? Why or why not?I think I have a healthy diet .Firstly,I have good in breakfast,enough in lunch anda little in dinner.Secondly,I seldom overeating.Thirdly,I prefer to eat at home orat school canteen not in a restaurant because food there is always fried and the oil may be wasted oil. Fourthly,I like snacks but never have too much of them.Fifthly,I like to change what I eat,not a single one over and over again.Finally,I am not a picky eater.So I think I have a healthy diet.Topic 7ShoppingPart IA.Do you like shopping? Why or why not? What do you usually buy?I don’t like shopping because I think it is too troublesome.Sometimes,I have tolook over every corner of the shopping center to find what I want.Then,I have to make a comparison among different stores and the online ones.If I find there is a cheaper one after I have bought something,I will be very upset and feel sorry for being too impulsive. And I may buy things that I don’t need only because of the promotion.I think I buy food most,and clothes sometimes.B.Have you noticed the differences between men and women in their shoppinghabits?Yes,I have.First of all,their attitudes towards shopping are different, women hold this view that shopping is a way to enjoy their lives;on the contrary,men think shopping is just to buy something in need.Men always fetch the item they want and go to pay for it immediately while women are more likely to notice other goods while shopping.And women are more interested in promotion than men.If they hear about big discount they will gothere and buy something no matter it is useful or not.C.Do you like to go shopping in a big supermarket? Why?Yes,I like and I always choose to go shopping in a big supermarket.For one thing,the goods are more abundant there.I can get almost all I want in one place.For another,big supermarkets are more formal compared to small stores.Food are more safe in the big supermarket.If you buy something and you find it is broken,you can go back to the supermarket to change or return it.You won’t find the men who sell you this have gone.Big supermarket will check items they stock,is it healthy or something like that.So I like to go shopping in a big supermarket.D.Do you think it is a good idea to do the shopping when things are on sale? Why orwhy not?Yes,I do.We can buy the same good goods in a low price,or,to put it another way:we spend the same money to buy the better things. Asa student,I haven’t earn money yet,so I think it is my duty not to waste myparents’ money.Some people may say that you will buy things you don’t want, but I think I am not that kind of person.Idon’t need to worry about that. I think that is very economical.Topic 8TravellingPart IA.What places have you been to? Which one impresses you most?B.If you have a chance to travel abroad, where would you go? Why?C.What do you know about Australia?Australia is the only country which owns a continentals,Australia has a vast territory and an abundance of natural resources.There are cities in Australia well worth visiting:Townsville in Queensland,is the gateway to Australia’s rainforests and the Great Barrier Reef.And Australia is thehome to perhaps the most bizarre animal in the world,such as theplatypus,kangaroos,koala bears,Emus.Sydney Opera House is the symbol of Sydney which is the biggest city in Australia but not its capital. And the wool from Australia has a good reputationD.Suppose you have a foreign friend who wants to travel somewhere in China.Where would you recommend? Why?I think I would recommend Beijing.First,Beijing is our capital,it is our centre ofpolity,economy and culture.I think it is the best city that can represent China.There are many places of interest in Beijing,such as the Forbidden City,Tianan Square,the Summer Palace. Peking University and Tsinghua University are the best universities in China,they are beautiful,too.There are many museums,galleries in Beijing. Courtyards is a miniature of the old lifestyle in the imperial city ,he or she should go there to have a look.And I will take him to eat our famous Beijing Roast Duck which is very tasty.Topic 9Love and MarriagePart IA.What are your standards in choosing your life companion?F irst,I don’t think his appearance is very important but at least he is taller thanme.And he doesn’t need to earn too much money,just enough for our basic needs is OK.One of the most crucial characters is that he must love kids becauseI love kids very much,and I want two children in the future.To be a goodhusband and father,he must have patience.He can carry bags for me when we shopping,he can play with our future kids.In other words,he must love family,family is the most important thing in our life.It will be better if he can cook.B.What do you think of internet dating?I don’t like Internet dating.I think it is not safe.There are many cases that isthese two online friend first dating and something bad happens.And there are many fake things on the Internet.Everyone think they have shortcomings,so they always choose to hide them on the Internet.We may tell a line about our salary,our age,some of them even tell a line about their gender!As a result,I won’t trust anyone I meet on the Internet and without trust there isn’t any possibility to cultivate love between us.So I don’t think I will have Internet dating one day.C.What might be the causes of high divorce rate nowadays?Speaking of high divorce rate,I think flash marriage group,a couplewho gets married shortly their first date,I hold this view that a solid marriage usually relies on enduring affection and long-term company;while a flash marriage often results in a tragic ending due to lack ofenough mutual understanding.Then the stress of modern life also a big problem for couples choose divorce.D.Is it right for husband and wife to share in raising children and doing housework?Yes,I think it is right for husband and wife to share.In the past,husband is the only one to go to work and housewives raise children and do the housework at home.Men always believe that they are the most laborious one,but in fact wives are also very hardworking.It is not easy to both raise children and do housework. So I think couples,nowadays, should do these two things together,when they share it,they will more likely to understand each other’s hard work which will do good to their harmony of the family.And I think it is more fair.Topic 10EnvironmentPart IA.What are the causes of global warming? And how harmful is it?The main reason of global warming is the over emission of the greenhouse gases like CO2.These greenhouse gases prevent the heat from getting away from the earth. So our environment is getting warmer and warmer. Thedeforestation and the Excessive burning fossil fuels are main reason of the increasing amount of CO2.Global warming will cause a rise in sea level, the melting of the glaciers, and the change of the amount of precipitation. Some countries may be drown if the sea level is still rising. And the penguins and the polar bear may die out as a result of the melting of the glaciers.B.What features would you expect an eco-house to have?The eco-house is better known as“a house close to nature”,so I think an eco-house must be environmentally friendly,it won’t do any harm to the nature,such as cut down trees to make house and furniture,all the building materials can be easonably utilized,a self-contained water-service systems in building is very in need that treat sewage and reclaim water, the off-grid energy systems such as photovoltaic,solar water heating,and on-site water collection can keep basic services going.C.Do you agree that cars should be banned in downtown areas?I can’t agree with that.Transport is a common factor that conduces toincrease that pollution,but during all the history,car has helped toincrease people’s life,we can save a lot of time,we can meet witheach other in a short time,we can mail items and so on,Inconsequence,cars shouldn’t be banned in downtown,but we can make the rule to reduce the usage of cars in downtown to reduce thepollution,for example we take the bus and subway instead of cars,the rich don’t buy too many cars,and we can ride a bike to go to school or office if we have enough time.It not only reduces the pollution but also does good for our heath.D.Do you think “wild weather” is the result of human activity?Yes,I do.Someone holds this view that the warming they areexperiencing is a natural cycle of nature,or the sudden storm is just a natural phenomena,on the contrary,the fact is that the human activity make the nature lose the ecological balance causing the unpredictable weather,make the planet warmer causing the glaciers recede and sea levels rise,cut down the trees causing the sand storm or the debrisflow.We do harm to nature as well as do harm to ourselves.(ACID RAIN)。
【最新】英国文学ppt课件
2021/2/2
An Introduction to British and American Culture
Charles Dickens (1812-1870)
佳句赏析 “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity…” 这是最好的时代，这是最坏的时代；这是智慧 的时代，这是愚蠢的时代；这是信仰的时期， 这是怀疑的时期……”
2021/2/2
An Introduction to British and American Culture
English Novel
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
Robinson Crusoe describes how Crusoe makes great efforts to overcome the hardships and difficulties he encounters on the island. . .
Three famous plays : 1.Tamburlaine (1587) 《帖木耳大帝》 2.The Jew Of Malta (1592) 《马耳它的犹太人》 3.The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus (1588)
《浮士德博士的悲剧》
2021/2/2
An Introduction to British and American Culture
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7.In 1374, he was made controller of customs and subsidy (money ) of wools, skins and hides which he kept for twelve years. 8. In 1385, he became one of the justice of the peace for Kent. 9. In 1386, he was elected Member of Parliament for Kent. 10. He was the first poet buried in Westminster Abby, for his great contribution to the making of English literature.
The Outline of Time
Old English: 450-1066 (AD5th -11th century ) Medieval English: 1100-1500(AD11th-15th century ) The Renaissance Period:(14th-17th) The Neoclassical Period :(17th -18th ) The Romantic Period: (early 18th-late 18th ) The Victorian Period: (19th - 20th ) The Modern Period : (20th )
Conclusion
In his life, he served in a great variety of occupations, a courtier, an officer-holder, soldier, ambassador, legislator and burgher (citizen ) of London. He had broad and intimate acquaintance with persons high and low in all walks of life, and knew well the whole life of his time, which left great impression upon his works and particularly upon the ) picture of the English society of his time to be found in his masterpiece. The Canterbury Tales.
His literary career
Literary historian often divided his literary life into three periods, corresponding to the predominating literary influences ___French, Italian and English. The first period The French___ the period stretching from (1360-1372), during which he fell under t
Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)
Personal experience: 1. The father of the English poetry, the founder of modern English, Chaucer was born of a wine merchant family, with rising fortunes and some standing at the court. 2. 1357 served as a court page (boy servant ), and in 1359 in an English ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้rm fighting in France and was taken prisoner. 3. Probably in 1361 to 1367 studied at the Inner Temple where he received training for a career at the court.
Beowulf
A typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.
The Norman Conquest
Time: 1066-1500 With the Norman Conquest starts the medieval period in English literature Features: 1.Politically, a feudalist system was established in English 2.Religiously, the Rome-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger influence over the country 3.Great changes in languages, that is ,three languages – French, the official language used by the king and the Norman lords; Latin the principal language in churches and Old English by common people co-existed in England.
Chaucer’s Education
6.
We know nothing about his formal education. There is no evidence that he went to any university, but plenty evidence showed that he knew university men: for example, among the Canterbury pilgrims the learned, bookish, half-starved clerk, and his fellow Jankins, fifth husband of the Wife of Bath, ect.
PART ONE: English Literature
An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature
Introduction to some necessary concepts
Celts: member of one of the races that now include the Irish, Welsh, Cornish and highland Scots. Anglo-Saxons: one of the race of people who settled in England (from NW Europe ) before the Norman Conquest; their language ( also called Old English ) The Normans: those who conquered England in 11th century (Scandinavian and Frankish descendant
4. He might be likely to get married to Philippa, a maid of honor to the queen and sister of Gaunt, or sister of the future wife of John Gaunt, son of the king, the Duke of Lancaster, who became his patron (protector ). 5. 1367 he entered the service of the King Edward III. Several times he was sent to European continent on diplomatic missions, two of which took him to Italy, negotiating treaties and performing other business for the king.
Famous Writers in the Period
Geoffrey
Chaucer, William Langland John GOWER
Romance
Romance which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period. There is often a liberal use of the impossible ,sometimes even the supernatural things in romance of the plot .The structure is loose and episodic. The hero is usually a knight, developing the characteristic medieval themes of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved. Romance reflects a chivalric age.