美国经济大萧条原因及与中国当今经济状况相似点(英文)
经济大萧条名词解释
经济大萧条名词解释经济大萧条，又称为大萧条时期，是20世纪20年代末至30年代初期全球经济史上的一个关键时刻。
它是一段经济衰退期，席卷了许多国家，尤其是美国。
在这篇文章中，我们将解释经济大萧条中涉及的一些重要名词和概念，以帮助读者更好地理解这一历史事件。
**1. 股市崩盘（Stock Market Crash）**经济大萧条的起点可以追溯到1929年10月29日，这一天被称为“黑色星期四”。
股市崩盘指的是纽约证券交易所发生的股票价格暴跌，导致许多股票投资者遭受重大损失。
这一事件导致了投资者的信心崩溃，成为大萧条爆发的导火索。
**2. 失业率（Unemployment Rate）**失业率是指一个国家或地区中正在寻找工作但找不到工作的人口所占的百分比。
在经济大萧条期间，失业率急剧上升，许多人失去了工作，无法谋生。
这导致了社会动荡和贫困的扩大。
**3. 市场崩溃（Market Collapse）**市场崩溃是指不仅股市崩盘，还包括房地产市场、商品市场和其他市场的急剧下跌。
这一现象导致了大量财富的流失，许多人陷入贫困。
市场崩溃也对银行和金融体系造成了巨大的冲击。
**4. 银行倒闭（Bank Failures）**大萧条期间，许多银行因贷款违约、资金流失和投资损失而倒闭。
这导致了人们失去了储蓄和信任银行系统的信心。
政府不得不采取紧急措施来拯救一些濒临破产的银行，以防止金融体系的崩溃。
**5. 布雷顿森林体系（Bretton Woods System）**经济大萧条后，国际社会采取了一系列措施来防止未来发生类似的危机。
布雷顿森林体系是其中之一，于1944年在新罕布什尔州的布雷顿森林会议上制定。
该体系建立了一种固定汇率制度，以稳定国际货币体系，并鼓励国际贸易的发展。
**6. 社会保障（Social Security）**经济大萧条导致了广泛的贫困和社会不安。
为了减轻这一问题，美国政府于1935年通过了社会保障法案，建立了社会保障体系，为老年人、失业者和贫困家庭提供了一定程度的经济安全。
经济萧条的英语作文
经济萧条的英语作文English:Economic downturns, or recessions, are significant downturns in economic activity that can have widespread effects on employment, production, and investment. They are typically characterized by a decline in GDP over two consecutive quarters, indicating a contraction in economic output. During such periods, businesses may struggle with reduced consumer demand, leading to layoffs and reduced investment. Unemployment rates tend to rise as companies cut costs, exacerbating financial strain on households and dampening consumer confidence. Governments often respond with fiscal and monetary policies aimed at stimulating economic activity, such as reducing interest rates, increasing government spending, or implementing tax cuts. However, the effectiveness of these measures can vary depending on the severity and nature of the recession. Additionally, international factors like trade tensions or global economic slowdowns can further complicate recovery efforts. Overcoming economic downturns requires coordinated efforts from governments, businesses, and individuals to restore confidence, encourage investment, and promote sustainable growth.中文翻译:经济衰退，或者叫经济萧条，是经济活动显著下降的重要阶段，它可能对就业、生产和投资产生广泛影响。
大萧条与美国金融危机的比较
大萧条与美国金融危机的比较徐肖冰【摘要】1929年的大萧条和2008年的金融危机是近百年来对美国乃至整个世界经济发展影响最为严重的两次危机.本文通过对两次金融危机的梳理,比较分析了二者在危机爆发过程、对经济的影响、所处的货币环境及相应的金融监管等方面的相似性和差异性,并提出制度性缺陷是两次危机爆发的主要根源这一观点.【期刊名称】《吉林金融研究》【年(卷),期】2011(000)004【总页数】5页(P8-11,36)【关键词】大萧条;金融危机;货币制度【作者】徐肖冰【作者单位】沈阳理工大学,辽宁沈阳110168【正文语种】中文【中图分类】F831.5大萧条是美国历史上乃至全球经济史上最严重的一次经济危机，不仅如此，它对经济思想以及之后的美国乃至世界经济的发展都产生了深远的影响。
面对今天的金融危机，人们总是不禁要将它与大萧条相对比，因为它们都给世界经济的发展蒙上了阴影，同时，两者都带来了股市崩溃、高失业、银行倒闭、通货紧缩等方面的危害。
那么对它们之间的比较分析，也将有助于提高我国应对金融危机的能力和把握世界经济未来的发展趋势。
一、大萧条与美国金融危机的经济状况对比虽然人们一般将1929年10月的纽约股市大崩盘作为大萧条的开始，但事实上美国经济在那之前就已经开始下滑。
1928年，美联储出于对当时股市上投机行为的担心而在7月通过提高贴现率、减持政府债券等手段实施了紧缩性的货币政策。
美联储的紧缩性货币政策很快就影响到了实体经济，随着10月24日股市崩溃之后，美国的经济产出水平开始迅速下滑：经季节调整的工业产出在1929年8月至10月仅下降了1.8%，但从10月至12月却大幅下降了9.8%，之后的一年间则又下降了23.9%。
此后，1930年10月、1931年3月以及1933年1月的三次银行业危机导致大批银行破产或被兼并清算，这不仅使货币供应量大幅下降，还导致了原有信贷关系的破裂，从而提高了银行作为信贷中介的成本。
美国百年来的经济衰退与复苏
美国百年来的经济衰退与复苏一、介绍美国百年来的经济衰退与复苏美国经济的衰退和复苏是世界经济发展史上的一大章节。
从20世纪初到现在，美国经历了多次经济危机，但也不断重振，走向复苏。
这些危机和复苏，对于世界经济的发展和繁荣，产生了深远的影响和启示，在当前的全球化背景下，更具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。
二、美国的经济危机1、1929年的经济危机1929年的经济危机也被称为大萧条，其特点是失业率高、民生破碎、生产下降、信贷紧缩、股市崩盘等多方面的表现。
这一危机导致了全球性的经济危机，而原因则是股市投资泡沫的破裂、追求高利润的商人们胆大妄为、以及政府之前践行保护主义政策等。
2、1970年代的经济危机1970年代是美国历史上经济衰退的十分复杂的时期。
其特点是物价高涨、就业率下降、通货膨胀严重、国有化和大规模破产等。
这其中，导致这一系列经济问题的原因则是眼高手低的宏观调节政策导致了通货膨胀。
3、2008年的经济危机2008年的金融危机是美国最近一次经济危机，其特点是全球信贷紧缩、股市暴跌、房地产市场泡沫破裂、银行破产等。
导致这一次经济危机的原因则是2000年至2007年美国低利率政策、美国债券抵押贷款、美国房地产市场泡沫等。
三、美国的经济复苏1、20世纪30年代的经济复苏20世纪30年代的经济复苏的重点是紧缩和财政政策的扶贫，采取紧缩政策以减轻通货膨胀的压力。
同时，还增加了公共工程和人民的工资，扩大了国家消费的规模，推动了经济的发展。
2、20世纪80年代的经济复苏20世纪80年代的经济复苏的重点是减税和放松监管政策，使商业活动得到扩大，为投资和增加就业提供了刺激。
同时，利用信息技术推动生产力的提高，促进了经济的进一步发展。
3、21世纪的经济复苏21世纪的经济复苏的重点是扶持产业和中小企业，并推动科技创新和Open Innovation，加快美国股市和金融行业的发展，推动美国企业的国际化和全球化。
此外，还采取了货币和财政政策调节，提高了公共支出，增加了就业机会，扩大了国内消费市场等。
美国经济大萧条英文
美国经济大萧条英文The Great Depression: A Dark Period in American Economic HistoryIntroduction:The Great Depression was one of the most devastating economic crises in American history. It occurred during the 1930s and had a profound impact on the lives of millions of Americans. This article will explore the causes, consequences, and the government's response to the Great Depression.Causes of the Great Depression:1. Stock Market Crash: The stock market crash of 1929 is often cited as the trigger for the Great Depression. On October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday, stock prices plummeted, leading to a collapse in confidence among investors. This event marked the beginning of the economic downturn.2. Overproduction and Underconsumption: The 1920s saw an era of excess, with rapid industrialization and mass production of goods. However, many ordinary Americans did not have the purchasing power to keep up with the pace, resulting in a surplus of goods and a decline in demand.3. Credit Expansion and Speculation: During the 1920s, there was a rapid expansion of credit, enabling people to borrow more money. This encouraged speculation, particularly in the stock market and real estate. When the market crashed, many people were left with substantial debts and no means to repay them.Consequences of the Great Depression:1. Massive Unemployment: As businesses went bankrupt and factories shut down, millions of Americans lost their jobs. Unemployment rates skyrocketed, reaching nearly 25% at the height of the depression. Many families faced severe poverty and struggled to provide for their basic needs.2. Bank Failures: The economic downturn took a toll on the banking sector as well. Lack of confidence led to a wave of bank runs, where panicked customers withdrew their deposits. Consequently, many banks failed, wiping out the savings of countless individuals and exacerbating the economic crisis.3. Dust Bowl: The Great Depression coincided with a severe drought in the Midwest known as the Dust Bowl. Widespread soil erosion and dust storms destroyed crops and caused mass migration from rural farming areas to cities, adding to the already high levels of unemployment and poverty.Government Response:1. New Deal: In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented the New Deal, a series of economic stimulus programs. It aimed to create jobs, provide relief to the poor, and reform the financial system. Programs such as the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and Social Security Administration (SSA) were established under the New Deal.2. Bank and Financial Reforms: The government implemented measures to stabilize the financial sector and restore public confidence. The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insured bank deposits and prevented future bank runs.3. Regulation and Expansion of Government Power: The Great Depression prompted a significant expansion of government intervention in the economy. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) was established to regulate the stock market, and the Federal Reserve was given greater authority to manage monetary policy to prevent future economic crises.Conclusion:The Great Depression was a period of immense hardship and suffering for the American people. It resulted from a combination of factors, including the stock market crash, overproduction, and excessive credit expansion. The consequences of the Great Depression were far-reaching, leading to high unemployment rates, bank failures, and mass poverty. However, it also sparked significant government intervention and the implementation of programs that aimed to alleviate economic distress. The lessons learned from this dark period in American economic history continue to shape economic policies today.。
美国大萧条资料
罗斯福新政拯救美国
扩张财政政策刺激经济 复苏
1 、通过大力推进基础设施建设 , 增加固定
资产投资来缓解有效需求不足、劳动力供 给过剩的局面 2、对失业人群实行临时救济
罗斯福新政拯救美国
扶持工、农业发展
1 、农业调整法实行减产、缩减耕地面积 ,
以此保证农产品价格，农民减产的损失由 国家通过征收加工税给予补贴 2 、颁布一系列法令给农民低利信用贷款 , 照顾他们的实际困难,给农民的生活和农业 的生产提供了极大的帮助 3 、全国工业复兴法为工人创造就业 , 提高 购买力,取缔企业间的不良竞争。以工代赈 方针使闲散的工人得以就业而无需增加政 府负担,并使大规模的建设计划得以实施。
的虚假繁荣。这种繁荣不是社会实际消费能力的增长，而是一种提前消费 的形式，随之而来的必然是消费的疲软。而资本家为眼前利润驱使，盲目 扩大生产，使得生产和市场的矛盾日益尖锐。
纽约股市崩盘
无限制的股票投机活动 当时美国的股票投机活动非常猖獗，不但职业投机者，一些普通的美国人
也参与股票的投机，把它作为致富的捷径。人们不但把自己的积蓄全部投 入，甚至向银行贷款购买股票，结果造成这一时期股票价格被大幅度哄抬， 发展到令人难以相信的极端，股票以其帐面价值的 3倍到20 倍的价格卖出， 这就大大增加了金融市场的不稳定性，为货币和信贷系统的崩溃埋下了隐 患。
纽约股市崩盘
政府的错误管制 1、美联储从1929年实行过于严厉的紧缩银根政策来抑制过度投机。
2 、危机发生时，美联储没有扩大货币供应量来增加市场资金的流动性，
结果使大量银行倒闭，资金链断裂，货币量急剧萎缩。
3 、美联储降低名义利率，但考虑到严重的通货紧缩因素，实际利率在不
断上升，起到紧缩货币的作用。
美国经济大萧条英文版
The Great Depression
Brief introduction Effects Causes Measures
Brief introduction
The Great Depression(1929-1933)，originated in U.S. history, the severe（严重的） economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U.S. stock-market crash of October 29, 1929 (known as Black Tuesday). From there, it quickly spread to almost every country in the world.
--摘自威廉.曼彻斯 特·《光荣与梦想》
1932年6月，美国东北各名牌大学的应届毕业生步21974名老学长的后尘，也在
拼命找工作了。那时连在纽约百货公司开电梯也要有学士学位，而且对他们当中好
些人说来，这已是最好的差使了
--摘自威廉.曼彻斯特·《光荣与梦想》
Causes:
It had been the immense disparity between the country’s productive power and the American people’s ability to consume.
It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century.
Effects:
Unemployment and homelessness increased Bank Closings -- the collapse of the nation’s
20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因及现代启示
《20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因及现代启示》（优秀毕业论文）【字号大中小】【打印】【返回】【上一篇】【下一篇】发布时间: 2009-9-2720世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因及现代启示张乐[摘要] 2007年夏天爆发的美国次贷危机发展到今天, 已经演变成为百年一遇的国际金融危机，让人不禁将此次金融危机与20世纪30年代的那场美国经济大萧条相提并论。
本文拟通过对20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因进行较为全面的分析，从而揭示其对现代国家预防和解决经济危机的启示。
[关键词] 大萧条; 成因; 启示2007年夏天，美国爆发次贷危机，很快波及全球，发展至今天，已经演变成为百年一遇的国际金融危机，其波及范围之广、扩展速度之快、持续时间之长、损失之惨重，让人不禁将此次金融危机与20世纪30年代的那场美国经济大萧条相提并论。
有人更直接将这次国际金融危机喻为“21世纪的大萧条”。
本文拟通过对20世纪30年代大萧条的成因进行较为全面的分析，从而揭示其对现代国家预防和解决经济危机，特别是对克服当前国际金融危机的启示。
一、20世纪30年代美国经济大萧条的成因20世纪20年代末30年代初,世界头号经济强国美国爆发了空前严重的经济大危机。
危机期间，大量银行倒闭、工厂破产,数千万人失业,成千上万家庭无家可归,全国上下处于一派萧条和动荡之中。
从1929年5月到1932年7月,美国工业生产下降了55.6% , 国民生产总值从1044亿美元降到410亿美元,进口贸易由45亿美元降到13亿美元,出口贸易从53亿美元降为17亿美元。
到了1933年3月,胡佛当政的最后一周,美国全国18600家银行大多数已没有支付能力,相继关门；黄金外流接近2.5亿美元,黄金储备已低于支付通货所需的最低数量；财政部已发不出联邦政府工作人员的工资,从法律上讲,美国已经破产。
[1]发生在30年代的世界经济大萧条, 对世界经济的打击之大,可以称得上是灾难性的。
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Causes Of The Great Depression Facts
•In the 1920s, sometimes referred to as “The Roaring Twenties,”there was a false sense of prosperity on the part of Americans. Approximately 60% of the population lived at a poverty level (earning less than $2,000 per year), yet credit was available, and people were using it. People were buying cars and radios on installment credit, and the automobile industry was the leading industry in the country.
•Speculation in the stock market was one of the causes of the Great Depression, yet only about 1% of the American population were investors at the time of the stock market crash in October 1929.
•In the stock market, people were buying stocks on margin (which is the same as borrowing money to pay for stocks), which sent the Dow Jones from 191 points at the beginning of 1928 to 381 points by September 1929 (shortly before Black Tuesday).
•In 1929, approximately 200 corporations owned more than 50% of all American industry.
•In 1929, approximately 1% of Americans controlled 40% of the wealth of the company. •Banks were failing long before the stock market crashed in 1929. In fact, during the 1920s, 600 banks failed each year, on average.
•The Great Depression was caused by fearlessness and fearfulness, overconfidence and loss of confidence. The booms of the 1920s led to borrowing, speculation, and rampant spending. Once things started to go downhill (primarily throughout 1929), they spiraled quickly. The stock market crash of October 1929 caused a run on the banks, which led to a decrease in spending, which led to unemployment, which caused more of a run on banks and more decreases in spending.
•From 1929 to 1933, the United States’Gross National Product (GNP) dropped by 33%.
•Drought conditions in 1932, 1933, 1934, and 1935 led to Dust Bowl conditions during the Great Depression. A large part of America’s farmlands lost their topsoil due to extreme winds, which rendered millions of acres useless.
The similarities between The Great Depression and China’s current economy
Here I make some comparative analysis based on some official data about china’s stock market and economy development and The Great Depression,we can find that there are so many similarities right before the crash in 1929 and china nowadays.
(1)Both have undergone a long period of rapid economic development.During the golden
age(1921-1929),the U.S. Economic growth rate stayed at a high level which is 4.4% in real terms,the fastest in history.Meanwhile,the rate of price change maintain stable within 5%.In China,the growth rate has been more than 9% for decades,and the price index keeps the rate around 3%.
(2)There are imbalance problems,internal and external.In the 1920’s,the recession in Britain led to the inflow of gold to United States,so the government had to print more papers and lower the interest rate of dollar to ease the problem.China is facing the similar problem now,due to the trade surplus and foreign investment as well as some international hot money,a lot of dollars flows into China,so the Central Bank has to put more RMB to market passively,the rapid growth of foreign exchange reserve and the flooding of money caused by compulsive settlement of exchange aggravate the imbalance,at the same time ,the central bank has to reform the RMB exchange rate regime and raise interest rate to cope with these problems.
（3）Before 1925,primarily the bubble of land speculation , then the stock market bubble after 1925.The bubble of land speculation burst in 1926 for Florida suffered severe hurricanes.China’s asset bubble problem,mainly in real estate prices and the stock market,China’s current level
of P/E ratio doubles the world average,seen in this indicator,there is a sign of stock bubble and a tendency to enlarge.
At last,from my point of view,the government should implement the tight monetary policy to prevent inflation,at the same time,implementing a proactive fiscal policy to prevent economic recession,just to ensure the steady growth of the economy and the healthy development of stock market fundamentally.。