高级英语第二册修辞汇总
(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册1—6课修辞
Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞(完整版)
Lesson11 We can batten down and ride it out.--metaphor2 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence3 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile4 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point--transferred epithet5 Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads-metaphor, simile Lesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across themarket place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turningchair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column,infantry, screw-gun batteries, adnthen more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic wordssymbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been brokenor even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they livedside by side with each other,did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion te other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here andthere, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no needfor one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, andall at once ther was afocus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated tothe ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides inconversation.—metaphor, alliteration6 When E.M.Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖ we sit up at the vividness of thephrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson41 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has beenpassed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplinedby a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permitthe slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, andto which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear anyburden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and thesuccess of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is littlewe can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended upinside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can dofor your country.—contrast, windingLesson51 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’sChildren.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being adry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, andtrauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her backto Petey—understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybesomehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson61 As in architecture, so in automaking.—elliptical sentenceLesson71 Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative andcharacteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen onearth—and here was a scene so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that itreduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke.—metaphor,hyperbole, antithetical contrast2 Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were humanhabitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats.—hyperbole,antithetical contrast3 The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills.—litotes,understatement4 Obviously, if ther were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, theywould have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides—a chalet with a high pitched roof, to throwoff the heavy winter snows, but still essentially a low and clinging building, wider than it wastall.—sarcasm5 And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paintpeeping through the streaks.—metaphor6 When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope orcaring.—ridicule, irony, metaphor7 I award this championship only after laborious research and incessant prayer.—irony8 Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa andLansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia.—antonomasia9 It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devotedall the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them.—hyperbole, irony10 They like it as it is: beside it, the Parthenon would no doubt offend them.—irony11 It is that of a Presbyterian grinning.—metaphorLesson81 One speaks of ―human relations‖ and one means the most inhuman relations, those betweenalienated automatons; one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which hasdriven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallismLesson91 In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls, between old mossgrowngardens and under avenues of trees, past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2 The air of morning was so clear that the snow stil crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned withwhite-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air, under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3 In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the citystreets, farther and nearer and ever approaching, a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that fromtime to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging ofthe bells.—periodic sentence4 Some of them understand why, and some do not, but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, thewisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and thekindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallelconstruction5 Indeed, after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,anddarkness for its eyes, and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged andcurious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciouslyillicit thrill of the first visit toa speakeasy, of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality, and of the fashionableexperimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty,jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖ sheik‖, and the moral andstylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖ andthe ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if notopenly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we hadreached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind theartificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two borderingoceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our youngpeople to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling businessmedium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitationg our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released theirinhibited violent energies which, after theshooting was over, were turned in both Europe andAmerica to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward theUnited States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerableto many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhancedsomewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlistunder foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naïveté destroyed by the war and now, in sleepyGopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resumethe pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as thenotion that their fighting had ―made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamedagainst war, Babbittry, and ―Puritanical‖ gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, totear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love,and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles anddolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no realdisillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and playwith the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to betterthings, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of thedollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where ―they dothings better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111 This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time,below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctivefellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2 But there are not may of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, and they arecertainly not typical English.—metaphor3 Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4 A further necessary demand, to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger andlarger profits, is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keensalesmen.—metaphor5 It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English. It is between Admass, which hasalready conquered most of the Western world, and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in noposition to receive vast subsidies of dollars, francs, Deutschmarks and the rest, for publicrelations and advertising campaigns.—personification6 Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencilsketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things. But then while things areimportant, states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7 It must have some moral capital to draw upon, and soon it may be asking for anoverdraft.—metaphor8 Bewildered, they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools, the oldharsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood orthought to be out of reach.—metaphor9 Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that isreal between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerialjobs while the other et pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk ofruin.—metaphor10 Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality, the latest figures of profitand loss, a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11 And this is true, whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops ofhair.—metonymyLesson121 When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discoverythat his props have all beenknocked out from under him, suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to themountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2 Tere, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two Bessie Smith records and atypewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which Ihad spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3 Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished, I must say, from my ―place‖—in theextraordinary drama which is America, I was released from theillusion that I hatedAmerica.—metaphor4 It is not meant, of course, to imply that it happens to them all, for Europe can be verycrippling too; and, anyway, a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply wona crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5 Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists, they have killed enough of them off bynow to know that they are as real—and as persisten—as rain, snow, taxes orbusinessmen.—simile6 In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New, it is the writer, notthe statesman, who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131 I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the ablition of capitalpunishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession, including the law. Iam told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific, for rapists andmurderers are really sick people who should be cured, not killed. I am invited to use myimagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2 Under such a law, a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scenepersons who, let us say, neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with theirshoe.—metonymyLesson141 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t existforknowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞(张汉熙版)
高级英语第二册修辞高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor…no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side…They are like the musketeers of Dumas…(simile)…did not delve into each other..…suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,…The glow of the conversation burst into flames.The conversation was on wings.,we should think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasants.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth. (simile)Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition)..to assist free men and free government…（repetition）.friend and foe (alliteration)Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration)Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration)United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis) If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich(antithesis)Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. (antithesis)Let us never negotiate out of fear but let us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus)Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus)..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house...to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicionThe energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question)Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)My brain ,…slipped into high gearIt is, after all, to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(antithesis),.. desire waxing, resolution waning.(antithesis)If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object.来源于网络It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect (hyperbole)He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole)You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet. (simile)..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(synecdoche)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.(Antonomasia)…prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality.The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia).. to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth”,…now began to imitate the manners imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him…a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is justa “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has beenAn American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bathIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky(simile)He needs sustenance for his journey来源于网络。
《高级英语》复习资料 The Review of Advanced English2
The Review of Advanced English (Book 1)一、修辞（rhetoric）Ⅰ. 修辞手法：1）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。
2）隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不用比喻词进行，而直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
3）提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
[用部分代整体，有隶属关系]4）借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
[用部分代整体，非隶属关系]5）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
6）叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
7）双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
8）拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
9）讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
10）通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
11）alliteration（头韵）：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
assonance（腹韵）：相同或相近的元音在诗行中重复出现；consonance（假韵）：两个以上词的词尾辅音完全一致，但其前面的元音不相同；the end rhyme(尾韵)：诗行与诗行之间在末尾的压韵/ 尾韵/脚韵12）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍；anticlimax（突降法）：也叫先扬后抑。
高级英语第二册修辞（张汉熙版）
高级英语第二册修辞高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用 未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor …no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The The fact fact fact that that that their their their marriages marriages marriages may may may be be be on on on the the rocks, rocks, or or or that that that their their their love love love affairs affairs have have been been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side … They They are are are like like like the the the musketeers musketeers musketeers of of of Dumas Dumas Dumas……(simile) …did not delve into each other.. …suddenly suddenly the alchemy of the alchemy of conversation took place,place,……The glow of the conversation burst into flames. The conversation was on wings. ,we should think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasants. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. T he Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, clock, and and and floated floated floated to to to the the the ends ends ends of of of the the the earth. earth. (simile) Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. e W e would would would never never never have have have gone gone gone to to to Australia, Australia, Australia, or or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. Symbolizing Symbolizing an an an end end end as as as well well well as as as a a a beginning, beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition) ..to ..to assist assist assist free free free men men men and and and free free free government government government……（repetition ）.friend and foe (alliteration) Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration) Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration) United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis) If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich(antithesis) Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead instead of of of belaboring belaboring belaboring those those those problems problems problems which which divide us. (antithesis) Let Let us us us never never never negotiate negotiate negotiate out out out of of of fear fear fear but but but let let let us us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus) Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus) ..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. But But this this this peaceful peaceful peaceful revolution revolution revolution of of of hope hope hope cannot cannot become the prey of hostile powers. And And let let let every every every other other other power power power know know know that that that this this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house. ..to ..to strengthen strengthen strengthen its its its shield shield shield of of of the the the new new new and and and the the weak. And And if if if a beachhead of a beachhead of cooperation cooperation may may may push push back the jungle of suspicion The The energy, energy, energy, the the the faith, faith, faith, the the the devotion devotion devotion which which which we we bring bring to to to this this this endeavor endeavor endeavor will will will light light light our our our country country and and all all all who who who serve serve serve it, it, it, and and and the the the glow glow glow from from from that that fire can truly light the world. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb ’s frontier. Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question) Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony) My My brain brain brain was was was as as as powerful powerful powerful as as as a a a dynamo, dynamo, dynamo, as as precise as a chemist ’s scales, as penetrating as a a scalpel scalpel scalpel (simile, (simile, (simile, hyperbole, hyperbole, hyperbole, and and and parallelism, parallelism, irony) My brain ,…slipped into high gear It It is, is, is, after after after all, all, all, to to to make make make a a a beautiful beautiful beautiful dumb dumb dumb girl girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(antithesis) ,.. desire waxing, resolution waning.(antithesis) If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. It It is is is not not not often often often that that that one one one so so so young young young has has has such such such a a giant intellect (hyperbole) He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole) You are the whole world to me, and the moon and and the the the stars stars stars and and and the the the constellations constellations constellations of of of outer outer space. (hyperbole) ..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet. (simile) ..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, discipline, is is a a living, living, living, breathing breathing thing, thing, full full full of of beauty, passion, and trauma. There There is is is a a a limit limit limit to to to what what what flesh flesh flesh and and and blood blood blood can can bear.(synecdoche) He He has has has hamstrung hamstrung his his opponent opponent opponent before before before he he could even start. I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.(Antonomasia) …prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality. The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia) .. .. to to to add add add their their their own own own little little little matchsticks matchsticks matchsticks to to to the the conflagration of “flaming youth ”, …now now began began began to to to imitate imitate imitate the the the manners manners manners imitate imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. When When it it it did, did, did, I I I like like like many many many a a a writer writer writer before before before me me upon upon the the the discovery discovery discovery that that that his his his props props props have have have all all been knocked out from under him …a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle. It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is just a “regular guy ” that he realizes how crippling this habit has been An American writer writer fights fights fights his his his way way way to to to one one one of of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bath It is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel tunnel and and and found found found himself himself himself beneath beneath beneath the the the open open sky(simile) He needs sustenance for his journey 。
(完整word版)高级英语各单元修辞
英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
高级英语2修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
• 2、The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (P2)
Lesson 1
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
马莺歌
Figures of speech
1. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said. 封舱 安然度过
采取果断行动以迎接困难
7. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. 有条理地
8. …asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks.待到结束
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
—Transferred epithet（移就）
• 5、 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.(P16) • —Synecdoche（提喻）
6、 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,adnthen more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.(P18) — Onomatopoeia(拟声)
• in a cloud=a large number of small things moving together 一大群 • Eg. • a cloud of locusts一群蝗虫 a flock of cattle(P26)
• 3、·· ·they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal.(P15)
—Simile（明喻）
Phrases
• 1、As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.(P1)
• 3、The gazelle I was feeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind.（P5） 我现在喂着的这只瞪羚好象已经看透了我的心思。 ——Personification （拟人） • 4、A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.（P9)
• 10、 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.（P26）
消防队
4. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: “Get us through this mess, will You?”(Para. 17) alliteration
5. It seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3.5 miles away. (Para.19) personification 6. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them. (Para.19) simile、onomatopoeia(拟声)
9. …flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall. 挤，推 10. Water inched its way up the steps as first- floor outside walls collapsed. 缓慢移动 11. The mother was on the verge of panic. 濒临于 12. One wall began crumbling on the marooned group. isolated 孤立无援的
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said. 封舱 安然度过
采取果断行动以迎接困难
7. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. 有条理地
8. …asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks.待到结束
• 7、She accept- ed her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.(P19) -----Alliteration(头韵)
• 8、I am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact.(P21) • 我并不是在发表议论，而仅仅是在陈述一个事实 ---Understatement(含蓄陈述) • 9、 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.(P24) —Elliptical sentence(省略句)
猛投
13. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. die out 逐渐减弱
14. They saw human bodies -- more than 130 men, women and children died along the Mississippi coast- and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs, cats, cattle. 散布 15. By Tuesday, Charlie‘s back had improved, and he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all … 投入 做出贡 献
• a square meal=a complete and satisfying meal 令人满足的一餐
• 2、The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (P2)
19. …causing rampaging floods… violent
共勉： Let's not cry about what's gone. We' ll just start all over.
Lesson2
Marrakech 刘彩虹
Figure of speech
• 1、 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.(P1) —Contrast(对比) • 2、They rise out of the earth，they sweat and starve for a few years.(P3) • ---Alliteration(头韵)
severe 挤成一团 16. The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, "Children, let's sing!" 乞求 17. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, fell down injuring his back. 瘫坐 18. The larger children sprawled on the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine.
8. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.（Para. 20）simile、personification 9. …and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti oveusehold and medical supplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. (Para. 31) metaphor
Words and phrases
1. Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 直面飓风卡米尔的来袭 2. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshers lived. 连续击打 3. John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family -- his wife, Janis, and their seven children, abed 3 to 11 -- was clearly endangered. 不情愿做；勉强做