上海市普陀区2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)英语试卷
普陀区2017学年第二学期高三英语质量调研
英语试卷
考生注意：
1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择
题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指
定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A 10%
Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy D. Cloudy.
2. A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140
minutes.
3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.
C. Professor and student.
D. Husband and wife.
4. A. In a meeting room. B. In a reference room.
C. At a booking office.
D. At a police station.
5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.
6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset. B. He’s an hour late for the interview.
C. The woman should be patient.
D. He’s too nervous to calm down.
7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not work hard
enough.
C. The man should get some sleep.
D. The man is hard-working.
8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.
B. He wants to spend more time with his family.
C. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the job.
D. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.
9. A. T he woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studies.
B. The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degree.
C. The woman insists that her son should major in science.
D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision.
10. A. It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.
C. It broke down on the road.
D. It left the road and landed in a
field.
Section B 15%
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.
11. A. Noise. B. Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.
12. A. A tour guide. B. A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A lawyer.
13. A. To prepare people for international travel.
B. To make the laws of different kinds.
C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking laws.
D. To give advice to travelers to the country.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.
14. A. Conference with the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.
C. Punctuality and politeness.
D. Debate and essay preparation.
15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.
C. Drop out of the course.
D. Make it up later
16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.
C. One that is revised by the tutor.
D. One that keeps to the instructions. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn’t feel like eating.
C. He can’t sleep very well.
D. His blood pressure is high.
18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with rays.。
2018届普陀高三英语二模答案(作文有范文)
普陀区2017学年第二学期高三英语质量调研参考答案I. ListeningSection A1-5 B C A B C 6-10 D C B D DSection B11-13 C A D 14-16 B B D 17-20 A D B AII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. on 22. to serve 23. that 24. involved 25. what26. had become 27. where 28. them 29. but 30. have been foundSection B31-35 E J K B A D I G H CIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41-45 CDABD 46-50 ABDAC 51-55 CBABCSection B56-59 C D B B 60-62 CA C 63-66 C B C DSection C67-70 D A F BIV. Summary WritingFor Reference：A study shows if a person has a good short-term memory he is likely to feel bored quickly. Assuming memories of past experience may influence the different rates at which some people feel fed up, two researchers conducted a test, relating students’ memory capacity to their performance, and got the result. The findings may apply to marketing, self-controlling and educating. (60)评分标准：评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2018年上海市普陀区高考英语二模试卷
2018年上海市普陀区高考英语二模试卷I. Listening Comprehension1．(★)A． Cold B． Sunny C． Rainy D． Cloudy2．(★)A． 110 minutes B． 120 minutes C． 130 minutes D． 140 minutes3．(★)A． Shop assistant and customerB． Boss and assistantC． Professor and studentD． Husband and wife4．(★)A． In a meeting roomB． In a reference roomC． At a booking officeD． At a police station5．(★)A． A movie B． A lecture C． A play D． A speech6．(★★★)A． The woman shouldn't be so upsetB． He's an hour later for the interview．C． The woman should be patientD． He's too nervous to calm down7．(★★)A． The man is intelligent enoughB． The man does not work hard enoughC． The man should get some sleepD． The man is hard-working8．(★★★)A． He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used toB． He wants to spend more time with his familyC． He doesn't think he is capable of doing the jobD． He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9．(★★★)A． The woman doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies B． The woman doesn't think her son will get a business degreeC． The woman insists that her son should major in scienceD． The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10．(★★)A． It ran into another carB． It fell into a river and sankC． It broke down on the roadD． It left the road and landed in a field11．(★★★)（1）A． Noise B． Smoking C． LitterD． Drinking（2）A． A tour guide B． A conductor C． A teacher D． A lawyer（3）A． To prepare people for international travelB． To make the laws of different kindsC． To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD． To give advice to travelers to the country12．(★★★)（1）A Conference with the course tutorB． Active attendance and commitmentC． Punctuality and politenessD． Debate and essay preparation（2）A． Inform the teacher in advanceB． Just do not choose the courseC． Drop out of the courseD． Make it up later（3）A． One that is written by handB． One that is originalC． One that is revise by the tutorD． One that keeps to the instructions13．(★★★)（1）A． His knees and fingers acheB． He doesn't feel like eatingC． He can't sleep very wellD． His blood pressure is high（2）A． She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB． She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC． She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD． She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays（3）A． Every day for seven weeksB． Three times a week for seven weeksC． Three times a weeks for three weeksD． Twenty times for two weeks（4）A． Use hot water padsB． Sit by the stoveC． Drink cold waterD． Take cold bathsSection A 10% Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word： for the otherblanks， use one word that best fits each blank.14．(★★)Jim ThompsonJim Thompson's life story is one of success， achievement， and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended．Thompson was born in Delaware（1） the east coast of the United States in 1906． After finishing high school， Thompson went to Princeton University andlater studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania． After graduation，Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940． Not long after this， he volunteered（2）（serve）in the U．S． Army． During World War II， Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand． It was this first taste of life in the Far East（3） changed Thompson's life． He saw opportunities to develop tourism there， becoming（4）（involve）in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel．While the hotel plan fell through， by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire． While traveling around Thailand， he came across（5） he considered exquisite（精美的）samples of handwoven Thai silk， a product that（6）（become）rare． He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York，（7） it became very popular． As a consequence， the Thai silk industry was revived（复兴）and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy．With his success in the silk business， Jim Thompson continued his originalinterest in architecture on the side． He found six traditional Thai houses and had （8） brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house． Today， not only is it a beautiful house inside and out，（9） it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected．In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia， he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever． To this day， no clues（10）（find）as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry．Section B10% Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.15．(★★)Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month， the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution． Schools were shut and emergencytraffic restrictions put in place．New Delhi is far from alone． Our research into the（1） of air pollutionin China shows that， in addition to the more obvious physical price， airpollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition （认知），（2） reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests．Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development， suggesting that development（3） should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world．India's recent pollution emergency is the most（4） incidence（发生率）of dangerous air pollution， but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing（5）in most developing countries．Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil， to Nigeria---（6） experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits． In fact，98% of cities with more than 100.000（7） in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO's air quality guidelines．India's extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized， and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization．We used nationally （8） longitudinal （纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition， matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews， to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance． Because each person in our survey was （9） multiple times， we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables．We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day（10）to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce．III. Reading Comprehension Section A 15% Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.16．(★★★)Globalization： Good or Bad？Globalization is defined in many ways．One simple （1） is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade， investment， and technological exchange． It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic （2） over the past half century． Although thereis little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years， some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries，and that others have suffered as a result．Improved income？An argument（3） globalization is that the benefits of increasedinternational trade are shared among everyone in the country． An example of thisis China， where per capita income（人均收入）rose from about﹩1400 in1980 to over﹩4000 by 2000．（4） per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996． It would appear that countries which open their doors to worldtrade tend to become（5）．However， these sorts of（6） might not be giving a true picture． They are "average"， and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people， the vast majority have only seen a（7）improvement．More imports， more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to begained from an increase in international trade： exports（8） imports． Take coffee as an example． Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it： a（n）（9） trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time．（10） maintain that， in general， it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee， and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials． Furthermore， it is the richer countries that control the price of good and，（11）， farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price．（12） developmentFinally， globalization often（13） a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful． These countries develop expertise（专门技能）and increase their share in the international market． On the other hand， those countries which（14） to support all their industries usually do notdevelop expertise in any one． Consequently， these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product（GDP）．Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the （15）of industry． Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods． These imported good are frequently overpriced， and these countries， therefore， have a tendency to accumulate huge debts．（1）A． indication B． principle C． definition D． factor（2）A． systems B． solution C． crisis D． growth（3）A． in favor of B． on account of C． with regard to D． in honour of（4）A． Fortunately B． Similarly C． Undoubtedly D． Unusually（5）A． freer B． greater C． stronger D． wealthier（6）A． figures B． descriptions C． countries D． benefits（7）A． severe B． slight C． further D． general（8）A． overtake B． qualify C． fight D． require（9）A． two-way B． all-inclusive C． official D． legal（10）A． Supporters B． Advocates C． Critics D． Authorities（11）A． otherwise B． nevertheless C． therefore D． besides（12）A． Global B． Industrial C． National D． Economical（13）A． encourages B． restricts C． forbids D． forces（14）A． stop B． continue C． fail D． refuse（15）A． globalization B． transformation C． specialization D． identificationSection B 22% Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.17．(★★★)The Harlem RenaissanceThe word "renaissance" means "rebirth"． The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s． It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished， producing a ton of work in a short period of time． The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts．After the Civil War， many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them． Between 1910 and 1920，massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration． The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York， African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan， setting in a neighborhood called Harem． Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society． It was a good thing， and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance． One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer， W． E．B Du Bois． In his book， The Souls of Back Folk， in 1903， Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called "double consciousness"． They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans． And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers． The Renaissance was so influential that "Harlem" grew into something of a brand nameAfrican Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society． Black businesses began to flourish， creating a growing middle class， like MadameC．J． Walker， who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire． All together， the artists， and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population． Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education． This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees． Perhaps most importantly， people---black and white---began the push for racial integration， planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s．（1）Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War？A． To escape slaveryB． To find jobs in agricultureC． To avoid racial discriminationD． To gain citizenship（2）How did W．E．B． Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance？A． He led to movement to return to AfricaB． He composed folk music based on African American themeC． He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD． He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity（3）What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to the Harlem Renaissance？A． Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB． The vast majority were considered lower classC． Most were regarded as middle classD． A large percentage were recognized as wealthy（4）What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law？A． Spread of black businessesB． Access to higher educationC． Shift from agriculture to industryD． Push for unity among all Africans18．(★★) （1）A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ．A． the Essential TourB． the Backstage TourC． Opera High TeaD． any of the tours（2）Joining the Backstage Tour， a traveler ．A． is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB． will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC． can take his big family of 8members to free breakfastD． can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour（3）If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ，what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash？A． 203.25USDB． 214.5USDC． 225 USDD． 239.25USD19．(★★)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth's history． For years，scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago． The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying． To date， some authoritieson ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth． Other specialists have doubted these theories， maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos． From the outset， critics believed these claims were exaggerated．By contrast， there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor （流星）which hit Mexico's Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs' extinction． Nevertheless， until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier． Now they do．American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）near the northwest coast of Australia． The samples were initially collectedand preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil． Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in the rock's structure show a typical pattern for meteors． There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns． In fact，a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era． Academics say that the meteor's crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma， the highest mountain on Earth! Literally， the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea． The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation． Things must have come to a standstill． Evidently， the blow was fatal for many forms of life．Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth's history． Still， we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause． Fortunately， meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between．（1）The word "plausible" （paragraph 1）is closest in meaning to " "．A． available B． incredible C． reasonable D． ridiculous（2）Why didn't the meteor affect human beings？A． Because they were very resistantB． Because there weren't any thenC． Because they lived in isolated areasD． Because they hid themselves in the caves（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？A． Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB． 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC． Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD． When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up．（4）What is the best title for the passageA． The Dinosaurs' EndB． Crater on QomolangmaC． Contradictory ClaimsD． A Meteor's ImpactSection C 8% Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note thatthere are two more sentences than you need.20．(★★) Blind imitation is self-destruction． To those who do not recognize their unique worth， imitation appears attractive； to those who know their strength， imitation is unacceptable．In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful． When I first learned to cook． I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes． But soon I grew bored．（1）Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle； they help you get going， but once you find your own balance， you fly faster andfarther without relying on them．（2） If， as a child， you observed people whose lives were bad， you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what theydid． If you do not make strong choices for yourself， you will get the results of the weak choices of others．In the field of entertainment， our culture glorifies celebrities． Those stars look great on screen． But when they step off screen， their personal lives may be disastrous．（3）Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique． Think of the movies， books， teachers， and friends that have affected you most deeply． They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration， not desperation． The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them， but by those who do what has been done inside them．（4）The problem a creator faces is not running out of material； it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination．Study your role models， accept the gifts they have given， and leave behind what does not serve you． Then you can say， "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory， and know that they are cheering me on．"V. Summary Writing 10%21．(★★★★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory， the faster you feel fedup and decide you've had enough． The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research．Noelle Nelson， assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business． She and her colleague Joseph Redden atthe University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box． "Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates． When you think about pop songs on the radio， some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot． But a lot ofother people are really sick of those same songs．" The difference， theresearchers supposed， might have to do with memories of past consumption．The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates． The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night，American Gothic， and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music． Throughout the test， theparticipants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten． Andthe better a participant scored in the memory test， the faster they got bored．"We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art，which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly． So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the musicor art more often．" The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences． We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack． As for kids easily bored，just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun．Translation 15% Directions： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.22．(★★★★★)比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥．（prefer）23．(★★★)缺乏合作意识是他上月竞选失败的原因．（lack）24．(★★★)如果实验过程中有问题出现，请及时与实验室管理员沟通．（arise）25．(★★★★)春节期间的所见所闻让我们深刻地感受到：千千万万普通人最伟大，幸福都是奋斗出来的．（happiness）Guided Writing 25%26．(★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．母亲节快到了，班里准备在这天召开主题为"感谢母亲"的班会．请你就以下这份调查结果统计表撰写演讲稿，在演讲稿中，你必须：1．描述表格中的信息；2．分析可能导致这一结果的原因；3．表达你的想法．。
2018年上海市普陀区高三英语二模试题(2018年.4)
考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a fieldSection B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructionsQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues(30)____(find)as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the ___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard to D. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. official D. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. fail D. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, setting in a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand name African Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to theHarlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all AfricansB60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma,the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth’s history.Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bei ngs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.”The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.”The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市普陀区高三化学下质量调研(二模)试卷(带答案)
2018上海市普陀区高三化学下质量调研（二模）试卷（带
答案）
普陀区1 C-12 O-16 Na-23
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）
1、属于合金的物质是
A 石墨
B 水银
C 硬铝
D 明矾
2、据报道科学家在宇宙中发现了H3分子。
H3与H2属于
A 同素异形体
B 同分异构体
C 同系物
D 同位素
3、不属于化学变化的是
A 煤的干馏
B 石油的分馏
C 石蜡的裂化
D 重油的裂解
4、不属于氮的固定的是
A 在根瘤菌作用下氮气转变成氮肥
B 打雷时氮气转变成一氧化氮
C 氨气与二氧化碳反应生成尿素
D 氮气与氢气合成氨
5、不能用于鉴别甲烷和乙炔的方法是
A 点燃
B 通入溴水
C 通入酸性KMnO4溶液
D 观察气体的颜色
6、物质性质的差异与分子间作用力有关的是
A 沸点Cl2 I2
B 热稳定性HF HCl
C 硬度晶体硅金刚石
D 熔点MgO NaCl
7、+2H+→CO2↑+H2O
C 氯化铝与氨水反应Al3++3OH-→Al(OH)3↓
D 硫酸与铁粉反应2H++Fe→Fe3++H2↑
10、右图是一种铁的电化学保护模拟装置，有关叙述正确的是
A 此装置属于电解池
B 电子从铁经导线流向锌
C 铁电极上发生氧化反应
D 该方法称为“牺牲阳极阴极保护法”
11、用标准盐酸滴定未知浓度的NaOH溶液，若滴定管用蒸馏水。
2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)英语试题 含答案
普陀区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2018 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. ‚Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,‛ the report says.‚Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2018 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do seeparticularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.‛The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. ‚One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,‛ said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. ‚On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.‛Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomedmore men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on itscreator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , ‚ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .‛Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also co nsidered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did ‚ F rankenstein‛ have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someoneelse.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Ph one Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the ‚ phone stack‛ game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .‚Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,‛ Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .‛ The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. ‚ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. ‚ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . ‚, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .‛It’s not something I want my kid to see.‛ Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.‛I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,‛ said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .‛‚It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .‛Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the ‚ phone stack‛ game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easily Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‚Any apple today ?‛, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________ Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .‛ Here , darling , ‚ I said , ‚ is what I owe you ,‛ _____________‛ Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.‛‚ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
上海市普陀区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案
普陀区2017 学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Af t er you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the f o ur possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. D. Cloudy.2.A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140 minutes.3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.C. Professor and student.D. Husband and w i fe.4. A.In a meeting room. B.In a reference room.C. At a booking office.D. At a police stat i on.5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.6. A.The w o man shouldn't be so upset. B. He's an hour late for the interview.C. The w o man should be patient.D. He's too nervous to calm dow n.7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not w o rk hard enough.C. The man should get some sleep.D. The man is hard-w o rking.8. A. He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He w ants to spend more time w ith his family.C.He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.D. He thinks the pay is too Iow to support his family.9. A. The w o man doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies.B. The w o man doesn't think her son w i ll get a business degree.C. The w o man insists that her son should major in science.D. The w o man advises her son to think tw i ce before making his decision.10. A.It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.C.It broke dow n on road.D. It Ieft the road and landed in a field.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages an d the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear aquestion,read the f o ur possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11.A. Noise. B.Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.12. A. A tour guide. B.A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A law y er.13. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. TQ make the laws of different kinds.C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking law s.D. To give advice to travelers to the country.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.14. A. Conference w i th the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.C. Punctuality and politen e ss.D. Debate and essay preparation.15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.C. Drop out of the course.D. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.C. One that is revised by the tutor.D. One that keeps to the instructions.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn't feel like eat i ng.C. He.can't sleep very w e ll.D. His blood pressure is high.18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment w i th rays.B. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment w i th rays.C. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment w i th rays.D. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment w i th rays.19.A.Every day for seven w e eks. B.Three times a w e ek for seven w e eks.C. Three times a w e ek for three w e eks.D. Tw e nty times for tw o w e eks.20. A. Use hot w a ter pads. B. Sit by the stove.C. Drink cold w a ter.D. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Af ter reading the passage below, f ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no oneknow s how it ended.Thompson w as born in Delaw are (2l)the east coast of the United States in1906. Afterfin ishing h igh school, Thompson w ent to Princeton Univ ersity and later studied architecture at theUnivers ity of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson w orked as an architect in New Y orkCity until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _(serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intellig ence for the army in Thailand, It w as this first taste of life in the Far East (23)changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there,becoming (24)(involve) in an amb i tious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another schemethatw o uld eventually make him a million a ire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25)he considered exquisite(精美的)samples ofhandw o ven Thai silk, a product that (26)(become) rare. He persuaded the w e avers to w o rk w i th him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry w a s revived(复兴)and thebusiness made Thompson and some of the w e avers very w e althy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his orig inal interest in architecture on the side. He found six tradition al Thai houses and had (28) brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beaut iful house inside and out, (29) it is also filled w i th the w o rks of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he w ent for a w alk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30)(find) as to w hat happened to this w ealthy Amer ican businessman w h o is credited w i th single-handed l y reviv i ng the Thai silk industry.Section BDirections: Complete the f o llowing passage by using the wo r d s in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ConcernB.dramaticC. equivalentD. frequentlyE.impactF.imposedG. representative H. observed I.residents J. signif i cantly K. strategiesMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Med ical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delh iof high levels of air pollution. Schools w ere shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the31of air pollut i on in Chin a shows that, in addit i on to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effectson mental health and cognition(认知),32reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and humancapital development, suggesting that development 33 should go beyond the tradition al focus ofboosting GDP in the develop i ng w o rld.India’s recent pollut i on emergency is the most 34 incidence （发生率）of dangerous air pollut i on, but smoggy skies have been a cause of grow i ng 35 in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing w orld — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —36 experience pollut i on at several times the WHO safe lim i ts. In fact, 98% of cities w i th more than 100,000 37 in low and middle- income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollut ion are w ell recognized, and examin ing the effects provides clear w a rnings for other countries seeking fast grow t h through rapid industrializat i on.We used nationally38 longitud i na（l纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition, matched w ith daily air quality data for the time and place of interview s, to see w hat pollut ion does in a given time to indiv idual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey w as 39 multip le times, w e can control for the effect of indiv idual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that w o rsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day40 to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one w ould experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f i ts the context.Glo b alization: Good or Bad?Globalizat ion is defined in many w ays. One simple 41 is that it is the rapid increase in internat ional free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this internat ional trade has been one of the main causes of w orld economic 42 over the past half century.Although there is litt le doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others havesuffered as a result.Improved income?An argument43globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade areshared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, w here per capita income( 人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. 44_, per capita income rosy byover 100% in India betw een 1980 and 1996. It w ould appear that countries w hich open their doorsto w o rld trade tend to become45 .How ever, these sorts of 46 might not be giving a true picture. They are "average", anddespite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minor ity of people,the vast major i ty have only seen a47 improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from anincrease in internat ional trade: exports 48 imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries w hichproduce and export coffee import the packaging for it : a(n) 49 trade w hich enables commerceto develop in tw o countries at the same time.50 maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such ascoffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packagingmaterials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, 51 , farmersmay be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goads at a high price.52 developmentFinally,globalization often 53 a country to concentrate on industries w hich arealready successful. Thesecountriesdevelop expertise(专门技能) and increasetheir share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries w hich_54 to support all their industriesusually do not develop expert ise in anyone. Consequently, thesecountries do not finda w orldmarket for their foods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Ant i-glob alists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the_ 55 of industry.Countries w hich onlyconcentrate onone or two main industries are forced to import other goods. Theseimported goods are frequentlyoverpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency toaccumulate huge debts.41. A. ind i cation42. A. systems43. A. in favor of B. princip l eB. solutionB. on account ofC. definit i onC. crisesC. w i th regard ofD. factorD. grow t hD. in honor of44. A. Fortunately B. Sim i larly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. w e althier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake49. A. tw o-w a y B. qualifyB. all- inclusiv eC. fightC. officialD. requireD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorit i es51. A. otherw i se B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages54. A. stop B. restrictsB. continueC. forbidsC. failD. forcesD. refuse55. A. globalizat i on B. transformation C. specialization D. identif i cationSection B 22% .Directions: Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements.For each of them there are f our choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you havejust read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe w o rd "renaissance" means "rebirth." The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s.It w as a time w hen the African American artistic community grew and flour ished, producing a ton of w ork in a short period of time. The w ork celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities ---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civ il War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and Iaws that discriminated against them. Betw een 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North. and West in th e Great Migrat ion. The African American popu lat ion of Chicago more than doub led during th at time! And in New Y ork, African Americans flocked to uptow n Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Har lem. Forming a community w ithin the big city let African Amer icans keep their cultural ident ity in a w hite-dominated society. It w as a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues w ere brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time w as the African Amer ican w riter, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of BlackFolk, in 1903, Du Bois w rote that African-Americans_suffered from something_called“doub le consciousness”. They had their ow n self-image w hile they saw themselves through the eyes or w hite Amer icans. And performers likeJosephine Baker and Paul Rob eson brought African Amer ican culture to all New Y orkers. The Renaissance w a s so influential that "Har l em " grew into something of a brand name, African Americans w ere pushing boundaries across all aspects of s ociety. Black business began to flourish, creating a grow ing middle class, like Madame CJ. Walker w ho turned her cosmetics line into a million do llar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period j helped mob i lize the larger black population. Y oung African- Americans took advantage ofimproved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people - black and w hite - began the push for racial integrat i on, planting the seeds of w h at w o uld eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Amer i cans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimin a tion.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bo i s contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed.folk music.based on African American theme.C. He w r ote plays about the African-American experience.D. He w r ote about the struggleforAfrican-Amcrican identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status ofAfrican American prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all w e re unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority w e re considered low e r class.C.Most w e re regarded.as.middle class. ~D. A large percentage w e re recognized as w e althy,59.What factor allow e d many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law ?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C.Shift from agriculture toindustry.D. Push for unity among all Afr i cans.(B)We offer three different tours of this iconic build i ngs.The Essential T our brings to life the story behind the design and constructionof one of the w orld's most ing interactive audio-v isual technology, your guide w ill take you on a memorable journey ins ide the youngest budding ever to be WorldHer i tage listed.Afterw a rds, w h y not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, w i th its modern Australian menu? Y ou can both enjoythe best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of yourmeal. (Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)Language: English, French, GermanT ak e s place: Daily betw e en 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/Online $29.75Concessions: Australiansen i ors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50 Prior bookings are not essential.The Backstage T our gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real- life dramas behind the stage! Y ou might ev e n get to stand onthe concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagin e you are leading the performance. Y ou w i ll also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.The tour concludes w ith a compliment ary breakfast in the Green Room, The private din i ng area of performers past and present.T ak e s place: Dally a t 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.T o purchase: Bookings are essentiaL.Lim i ted to 8 peopIe per tourOnline sales expire at 4:30 pm tw o days prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. FIat, rubber-soled shoes must be w orn, For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.Opera High T ea consists of a tour w here you w ill w alk in the footsteps of w orld-class singers, dancers and musicians, follow ed by finefood and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong D in ing Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks follow e d by a live recital by a leading A ustralian singer!An unforgettable treat for young and old!T akes place: Every second Wed., 2pm .Duration:1.5 hoursPrices: $145 per person ,Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk60.A traveler w i ll en j oy a performance if he choose .A.the Essential TourB.the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD.any of the tours61.Joiningthe Backstage Tour, a traveler .A.is allow e d to w e ar sneakers ' w h en standing on the stage. .B. w i ll have an opportunity to be the conductor ofthe orchestra.C. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast.D. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour.62. If a couple w ho travelled w ith their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of$150 there. w h at w o uld the low e st cost be if paid in cash?A.$203.25.B.$214.5.C.$225.D.$239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of liv ing th ings in Earth's history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze w hy 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 per cent of land life van ished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions w ere so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date ,some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it w as not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims w e re exaggeratedBy contrast, there is w i de acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) w h ich hit Mexico's Y ucatan peninsula 65million yearsago w a s the primary cause of the dinosaurs'extinction.Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier.Now they do.American geolog i sts have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）nearthe northw est coast of Australia. The samples w ere init ially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking o il. Now the geologists and their colleagu es believe that the precise splits in therocks' structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanicpatterns. In fact, a spokesperson w ent so far as to say that these rocks completely rev ise the w ay scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor's crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drow ned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow w ithout sustaining glob al devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evid ently, the blow w a s fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this w as long before mammals ---including humans-emerged in Earth's history. Still, w e w ould be w ise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately,meteor strikes on Earth are few and far betw e en.63.The w o rd "plausib l e" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .A.availab l eB.incredib l eC.reasonableD.ridiculous64. Why didn't the meteor affect human being?A. Because they w e re very resistant.B, Because there w e ren't any then. .C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the follow i ng is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single vo l cano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC, V olcan i c rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up. .66. What is the best title for the passage? .A. The Dinosaurs' End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D.A Meteor'slmpact .SectionC 8%Directions: Read the passage caref ully. Fill in each blank with a proper senten ce given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitat i on can hurt us if w e subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. Itis how to use imaginat i on creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else's w a y of cooking w h en I could create my ow n?E. But if you begin to enter this field,im i tat i on proves useful. -F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitat ion is self-destruction. To those w ho do not recognize their unique w orth, im i tat i on appears attractive; to those w h o know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitat ion is he lpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. 67 .Imitating role models is like using train ing w heels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going,but once you find your ow n balance, you fly faster and farther w i thout relying on them.68 .If, as a child, you observed people w h ose lives w e re bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow w hat they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you w i ll get the results of the w e ak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebr ities. Those stars took great on screen. But w h en they step off screen, their personallives may be disastrous. 69 .Blessed is the person w i lling to act on their sudden desire to create something unique, Think ofthe movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations w ere motivated by inspirat ion, not desper ation.The w orld is changed not by those w ho do w hat has been done before them,but by those w ho do w hat has been done inside them. 70 . The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is w hat to do w i th the material knocking at the door ofimaginat i on.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind w hat does not serveyou. Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on."IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r dsas f a r aspossibleBetter Memory Causes BoredomA new study show s that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decideyou’vehad enough.the findings appear in the Journal ofConsumer research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. "Something that w as interesting to me is that some people get tired of thingsatvery-different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoy ing them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do w i th memories ofpast consumption.The researchers testedthe memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then view ed a repeating series of three classic paintings...like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream...or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs...or three pieces of classicalmusic. Throughout the test, the participants w e re asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored."We found that people w ith larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, w hich led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly.So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers could cope w ith our desire for their products by figuring out w ays to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it-it mjght help them_have more fun.V. T ranslation 15%Directions: Translate the f o llowing sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食,我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市普陀区高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试卷(附答案)
2018上海市普陀区高三英语下学期质量调研（二模）试卷（附答案）普陀区ine countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelinesIndia’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization We used nationally __38__ longitudinal (纵向) surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance Because each person in our survey was __39__ multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the oute variablesWe found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day __40__ to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience from a negative major life event such as divorceIII Reading prehensionSection A 15%Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Globalization Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways One simple __41__ is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world。
上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题含答案
上海市普陀区2018届高三二模英语试题考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a field Section B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructions Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interestin architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues(30)____(find)as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, toNigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, whereper capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the ___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard toD. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. strongerD. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countriesD. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. officialD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. thereforeD. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. failD. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, setting in a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand nameAfrican Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This openedup new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all AfricansB60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected andpreserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth’s history. Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bein gs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knockingat the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fullyremembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
2018届普陀区中英语二模试卷
2018届普陀区中英语二模试卷D18.Sara is famous because she has done some good things with the money she has.D. Listen to the passage and complete to following sentence（听短文，完成下列句子。
每空限填一词）21.Two robber entered a hotel on the night of Monday ______ ___22.The robber took the money from the hotel’s safe and ____ _____23.Then the robbers went into a ____ ____ and robbed some money here.24.The robbers were both wearing _____ _____ and blue jeans.25.The hotel staff and the repairman（修理工）said the robbers were ___ ____Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and VocabularyI. Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26.Which of the following underlined parts isdifferent in pronunciation from the others?A.This tea table is for saleB.Mark will plan for a trip to HongKongC.Where is my school bag?D.We usually have some noodles for lunch.27.Many schools provide free lessons for students to play ____ football in afternoon.A.t heB./C.aD.on28.The manager was angry ____ Morris because he sent e-mails to the wrong customer again.A.a tB.toC.withD.from29.We should work hard and to ____ best to realize our dreamsA.u sB.ourC.oursD.ourselves30.Turn the heat down,____ the food in the pot will burn.A.a ndB.soC.butD.or31.-Which pair of jeans do you prefer,the one with the blue belt or the one with the red belt?-_______ . I like the one with the brown belt.A.B othB.AllC.NoneD.Neither32.Have ____ try and maybe you will find a proper solution.A.a notherB.the otherC.otherD.others33.The first snow came ____ than usual in our hometown this year.A.earlyB.earlierC.earliestD.the earliest34.Jill likes her new neighborhood because most people here greet others with a ___ smile.A.lovelyB.happilyC.politelyD.beautifully35.The company didn’t stop improving this new machine ____ it worked well.A.ifB.unlessC.untilD.after36.We wondered if Judy_____ to Australia next week for business.A.fliesB.have flownC.hasflown D.would fly37.Many leaders _____ to attend the Closing Ceremony（闭幕式）of Winter Olympics in February.A.be invitedB.were invitedC.will be invitedD.have been invited38.All the numbers of the team hope ____ a wonderful result of the project.A.hadB.haveC.to haveD.having39.The girl practiced_____ the piano for the three hours every day to win the contest.A.playB.playsC.to playD.playing40.Rose and Minnie ____ each other pretty well before they worked in the same bank.A.knowsB.knowC.have knownD.had known41.Kevin____ in his room when the big fire broke out.A.sleepB.sleptC.was sleepingD.will sleep42.-_____ people are coming to the party?-About 40.A.H ow manyB.How soonC.How farD.How long43.Wendy___ join our school football team next term, but she is not very sure.A.s houldB.mayC.mustD.need44.-The sun shines brightly. Why not go out for a walk in the school garden?-______A.G ood ideaB.That’s all rightC. N ot at allD.Thank you very much45.-Would you like me to bring your a cup of tea?-_____A.Y es,I’d like toB.It’s a pleasure.C. Y es,pleaseD.It doesn’t matterIII. Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once (将下列单词填入空格。
2024上海普陀区高三二模英语试题及答案
上海普陀区2023-2024学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Colleagues. B.Mother and son.C.Employer and employee.D.Husband and wife.2.A.The effects of the flood. B.The fight against the flood.C.The cause of the flood.D.The ten floods of the year.3.A.They were both busy doing their own work.B.They waited for each other at different places.C.They went to the street corner at different times.D.The man went to the concert but the woman didn’t.4.A.At Mary Johnson’s. B.At a painter’s studio.C.In an exhibition hall.D.Outside an art gallery.5.A.He saw the big tower on TV. B.He has visited the TV tower once.C.He has visited the TV tower twice.D.He will visit the TV tower in June.6.A.She is not interested in the article. B.She has given the man too much trouble.C.She likes to have a copy of the article.D.She has difficulty reading the article.7.A.The man’s house is very dirty. B.The man has to get rid of the old furniture.C.The furniture is covered with lots of dust.D.The furniture the man bought is inexpensive.8.A.New students are usually unfair. B.The teacher lacks teaching experience.C.She doesn’t agree with the man.D.The man had better talk with the students.9.A.He has found a very good job. B.He doesn’t feel at ease in the firm.C.He has been considered as a fool.D.He doesn’t get on with the others.10.A.A plane ticket. B.A shopping experience.C.An imaginary situation.D.A vacation by the sea.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation.The passages and the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.The film is made up of world classics.B.Mamma Mia has moved from the stage to the screen.C.Mamma Mia tells Sufi’s search for her mother.D.The story of Mamma Mia has a lot to do with the band.12.A.In Sweden. B.In Shanghai.C.In London.D.In America.13.A.The mature cast.B.The story with ABBA music.C.The European Song Contest1984champion.D.The Chinese version of Mamma of2011.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.Leisure activities. B.Popular TV stars.C.Outdoor sports.D.Family time.15.A.Driving. B.Gardening.C.Eating out.D.Surfing.16.A.Going to the bars. B.Playing online games.C.Watching TV.D.Reading novels.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.At a travel agency. B.At a local restaurant.C.At a hotel reception.D.At an Australian airport.18.A.Free wine is offered. B.The price is reasonable.C.She carries a lot of luggage.D.She travels with her family.19.A.One week. B.Two weeks.C.Four nights.D.Five nights.20.A.She can come back for Christmas.B.She can drink the best wine of Australia.C.She can choose the activities she likes.D.She can book a holiday anywhere.II.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.What If You’re Not Good at English?Researchers whose first language is not English can spend around twice as long reading an English scientific journal article as native speakers.For a PhD student,that can mean(21)______ (spend)up to19additional working days per year just reading papers.These statistics,(22)______(publish)today in PLOS Biology,might not be shocking, researchers say,but it’s important to measure the effects of language barriers on the careers of academics(23)______are not fluent in English.“It is the first step for the scientific community(24) ______(make)more efforts to solve this problem”,says Tatsuya Amano,a biodiversity researcher at the University of Queensland in Brisbane,Australia,and a co-author of the study.The team found that among scientists who had published only one paper in English,scientists from countries(25)______English is generally poor spent29.8percent more time writing papers than native English speakers;(26)______from countries with moderate English proficiency(能力) spent50.6%more time.Similarly,the researchers found that people from countries with low English proficiency spent an average of90.8percent more time reading scientific articles(27) _______native English speakers.At conferences,even those who overcome obstacles face difficulties in presenting their work in English.Germana Barata,a researcher who(28)______(specialize)in science communication at the State University of Campinas in Brazil,says that despite being fluent in English,she still feels uncomfortable at times.“We(29)______(give)the same amount of time to present,but all that we can say in10minutes is different from(30)______a native speaker can say,”she points out. Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.empowersB.termedC.interactionD.implicationsE.advancesF.questionG.obtainedH.additionallyI.pressureJ.currentlyK.definingA New Era of Creative PartnershipsIn a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI,researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof.Jacob Sherson,director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence,together with international partners,discuss research and societal(31)______of creativity and AI.The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity,the interaction between humans and machines towards what is(32) ______a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence.In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面)that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best(33)______each other.Rafner comments:To date,most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer(34)______and focus on the abilities of the AI,and the interaction design and dynamics.While these(35)______are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法)and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product,there is anurgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity(36)______over the past decades in the psychological sciences.“Right now,we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative? One reason for this is that(37)______creativity is not set in stone.When investigating human only, machine only,and human-AI co-creativity,we need to consider the type and level of creativity under(38)______,from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention;(39)______,it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like,what are the similarities and differences in human cognition,behavior,motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能)between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.We,(40)______,don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines, because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear.Looking ahead, researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding,towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Many of the world’s islands were previously unexplored places,but over time,people have come to these places with far-reaching effects,including deforestation,over-hunting and the introduction of invasive species.(41)______,most of the bird species disappeared.While the death of many birds since the1500s has been(42)______,our knowledge of the fate of species before this relies on fossils(化石),and these records are limited because birds’lightweight bones are(43)______over time.This conceals the true(44)______of global extinctions.Researchers now believe1,430bird species—almost12per cent—have died out over modern human history since around130,000years ago,with the vast majority of them becoming extinct directly or indirectly(45)______human activity.The study,led by the UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology(UKCEH)and published in Nature Communications,used statistical modelling to(46)______the undiscovered bird extinctions.Lead author Dr Rob Cooke,an ecological modeler at UKCEH,says:“Our study demonstrates there has been a far higher(47)______impact on diversity than previously recognized.Humans quickly destroyed bird populations through habitat loss,over-exploitation,and the introduction of rats,pigs,and dogs,which attacked the birds’nests,and(48)______with birds for food.We show that many species became extinct before written records and left no(49)______,lost from history.”Dr Søren Faurby of the University of Gothenburg,a co-author of the study,adds:“These historic extinctions have had a major impact on the current biodiversity crisis.The world may not only have lost many fascinating birds but also their varied(50)______roles,which are likely to have included key functions such as pollination(授粉).This will have had knock-on effects on ecosystems,so,(51)______bird extinctions,we will have lost a lot of plants and animals that(52) ______these species for survival.”Observations and fossils show640bird species have been driven extinct—90per cent of these on islands(53)______by people.These(54)______from the iconic(标志性的)Dodo of Mauritius to the Great Auk of the North Atlantic to the lesser-known Saint Helena Giant Hoopoe.But the researchers estimate there have been further790unknown extinctions,meaning a total of1,430lostspecies—leaving just under11,000today.Therefore,from the perspective of protecting species (55)______,the protection of birds is an urgent issue for mankind.41.A.To some extent B.On average C.As a result D.In short42.A.confirmed B.recorded C.concealed D.discussed43.A.distracted B.disposed C.dismissed D.disintegrated44.A.extent B.context C.outcome D.influence45.A.due to B.other than C.instead of D.in spite of46.A.declare B.illustrate C.estimate D.emphasize47.A.climate B.human C.environmental D.natural48.A.connected B.coped C.lived peted49.A.trace B.route C.change D.proposal50.A.interactive B.ecological C.productive D.social51.A.in terms of B.because of C.except for D.in addition to52.A.depend on B.interact with C.fight against D.stay away53.A.inhabited B.removed C.developed D.killed54.A.result B.range C.suffer D.date55.A.origin B.project C.growth D.diversitySection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In bringing up children,every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words,the first independent steps,or the beginning of reading and writing.It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate,but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child.This might happen at any stage.A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early,a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads.On the other hand,though,if a child is left alone too much,or without any learning opportunities,he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children.Some may be especially strict in money matters.Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals.In general,parents’demands and social values are as important as children’s own well-being. Therefore,parents also need to constantly observe the world and explore the unknown so as to give the children good personalized education in their growth.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child,consistency is very important in parental teaching.To ban a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality.Also,parents should realize that“example is better than precept(训诫)”.If they are not sincere and do not practice what they say,their children may grow confused,and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves,and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.Parents must pay more attention to their own behavior and language,passing on the right values and cognition to their children.In this way,children can growup healthily on the right track.56.What do parents usually do when their children are growing up?A.Speed up their children’s learning.B.Watch their children learn new skills.C.Put their children into a state of isolation.D.Make their children live on their own.57.What’s right about parents’being strict with their children?A.Parents should not expect too much of them.B.Parents should encourage them to read faster than others.C.Parents should create as many learning opportunities as possible.D.Parents should find a balance between being strict and leaving them alone.58.The second paragraph mainly tells us that______.A.parents should be strict with their childrenB.parents need to be strict with themselvesC.different parents treat their children differentlyD.parents set strict limits on their children’s spending59.In moral matters,parents should______.A.keep in line in words and deedsB.demand that their children listen to themC.know the difference between adults and childrenD.consistently ensure the security of their children(B)⏹Preschooler or grade-schooler?Start saving earlyIt’s never too early to start saving for college.One way to get a jump is to use college savings plans like the529or Coverdell to start a pool of money to draw from later.You can open an account while your student is a child.And with an account like a529,the money can be invested to grow tax-free,as long as it’s used for qualified education expenses.⏹Early high school?Time to check those expectationsSetting realistic expectations with your high schooler is an important part of the college readiness timeline.In fact,you can start talking about college and the future when your student is in junior high.Even if you have college savings to help pay for college—or most of your savings—speaking with your student about expectations is important.⏹High school junior?Apply for scholarships and financial aidThe time to start applying for scholarships is during your student’s junior year of high school. Sports,music,performance,and clubs can enhance an application along with grades.It can help create a general essay that can be adjusted for each scholarship.Put together a résuméthat includes activities,jobs,and accomplishments.Don’t forget to fill out a CSS profile with the college board. Some schools and other organizations use the CSS profile for outstanding scholarship applications.⏹Federal financial aidIn order to qualify for federal financial aid,including grants(助学金)and student loans,it’s important to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid(FAFSA).Your student should fillout their first FAFSA in October of their senior year of high school.The FAFSA should be updated and submitted every subsequent year in October to keep the information up to date and to receive ongoing federal financial aid.Other opportunities to hold back the costs…or add to themWhen planning ahead for college,it’s also important to consider other opportunities and expect the unexpected.Some additional opportunities to consider while your high schooler is a junior or senior include:Study abroad.If there’s a chance for your student to take a semester or year abroad,that can be a good experience,but it might also require extra paperwork and additional costs.Additional education.Some schools might offer additional certifications on top of regular degree coursework.A special certification might require a summer semester that might not be included in the traditional financial aid award.Longer time in school.Not every student will finish in the traditional four-year time frame. Changing majors,double majors,and extracurricular(课外的)activities can extend your student’s time in school.…60.What does the underlined part in Para.1refer to?A.College savings plan.B.Scholarship application method.cation savings account.cational certification agency.61.What do you need to do first if you want to get federal financial aid?A.To update your materials.B.To apply for scholarships.C.To contact the government.D.To fill out the free application.62.What does the author want to tell the readers to do?A.To plan a brand-new college life.B.To think ahead about the cost of college.C.To work to make money as early as possible.D.To think about the significance of major choices.(C)The emergence of black holes undoubtedly marks the beginning of a revolution.Black holes have many peculiar properties,such as the alteration of space and time,the radiation of gravitational waves and so on.Scientists are still trying to study the properties and evolution of black holes in order to better understand the origin and evolution of the universe.Recently,a team of astronomers may have found a solo-wandering black hole using a strange trick of gravity called microlensing(微透镜效应),but the results still have to be confirmed.Sometimes it’s tough being an astronomer.Nature likes to hide the most interesting things from easy observation.Take,for example,black holes.Except for the strange quantum(量子) phenomenon of Hawking radiation,black holes are completely black.They don’t emit a single bit of radiation–they only absorb,hence their name.To date,the only way astronomers have been able to spot black holes is through their influence on their environments.For example,if an orbiting star gets a little too close,the black hole can absorb the gas from that star,causing it to heat up as it falls.We can watch as stars dance around the giant black hole at the center of the Milky Way.Even the famed pictures of the black holes in the center of the Milky Way and the M87 galaxy(星系)aren’t photographs of the black holes themselves.Instead,they are radio images of everything around them.But surely not all black holes have other light-emitting objects around them to help us find them.To find these wanderers,astronomers have tried their luck with microlensing.We know that heavy objects can bend the path of light around them.This is a prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity,and the slight bending of starlight around our own sun was one of the first successful tests of the theory.Microlensing is pretty much what the name suggests.When astronomers get extremely lucky,a wandering black hole and pass between us and a random distant star.The light from that star bends around the black hole because of its gravity,and from our point of view,the star will appear to temporarily flare in brightness.And when I say“extremely lucky”I mean it.Despite trying this technique for over a decade,it is only now that astronomers have found a candidate black hole through microlensing.Two teams used the same data,a microlensing event recorded from both the OGLE(Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment)telescope in Chile and the MOA(Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics) telescope in New Zealand.One team found that the mass was somewhere around seven times the mass of the sun–definitely black hole territory.But the other team estimated a much smaller mass, around2-4times the mass of the Sun.If the true mass of the object is at the lower end of that spectrum(光谱),then the wanderer is probably not a black hole.63.Why does the author say it is hard to be an astronomer?A.Einstein’s theory is hard to understand.B.Many things in nature are not easy to observe.C.Understanding the evolution of the universe is not easy.D.Whether the black hole has been found remains to be seen.64.What is the example in Para.4trying to prove?A.Stars’wandering in black holes.B.Black holes’absorbing the star’s gas.C.The relationship between stars’heating and black holes.D.Finding black holes by observing environmental changes.65.What does the author tell us about the discovery of black holes?A.People can often find black holes with glowing objects.B.Research groups can work together to find black holes.C.Glowing objects around black holes help us find them sometimes.D.Understanding the properties of black holes helps find them.66.What conclusion can we draw from the last paragraph?A.To persevere in the end is to win.B.Facts speak louder than words.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.Things are not always what they seem.Section CDirections:Read the passage carefully.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.When Han Yu came to Chaozhou,he was51years old.B.Han Yu was a Confucian figure,and there are many stories about him in Chaozhou.C.Although Han Yu’s ideas had no obvious practical effect at the time,they had a great impact onsociety decades later.D.Built in the Song dynasty,the shrine is the oldest and best preserved monument to Han Yu,oneof the greatest literary men in the Tang dynasty.E.To memorize what he had contributed to the development of Chaozhou,people constructedthis shrine and named him Hanwengong respectfully.F.There are so many tourists that,to relieve the pressure on the monuments,the scenic spotrequires that a maximum of500people visit at a time.Hanwengong ShrineNow we come to Hanwengong Shrine,which is beside Hangjiang river and west of Bijia mountain.(67)__________In the square in front of the hall,an ancient book-shaped stone is carved with two famous sayings of Han Yu on it,meaning hard work is the precondition for success, and deep thought is the guarantee of success.In the year of A.D.819,for some political reason,Han Yu was exiled(流放)to Chaozhou,a backland at that time.But he was not depressed by this,and he helped local people to develop education,agriculture,irrigation and release slaves.(68)____________The shrine was built against the mountain and divided into two parts,the front part and the back part.Now we play a small game:count the stone steps,and later I’ll tell you a secret.How many steps are there?Yes,51steps!Why?(69)___________The first time Han Yu came to Chaozhou,he was impressed by the beautiful scenery and hospitality of local people.You see that old tree?People say the more flowers in the tree,the more well-educated students are.But in Qing Dynasty,this magic tree,planted by Han Yu himself,died,so people planted this tree instead.(70)__________Here is one:when Han Yu was living in Chaozhou,there was a very fierce and cruel crocodile in the Hanjiang river,which was a big social harm.One day,Han Yu drafted a statement against the crocodile and made it public by the river.Incredibly,from the next day on,the crocodile was ter,the statue,made of a portrait of Han Yu,was built and his words were left on the monument to mark his achievements.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.71.How to Stay on Task“In many activities,it is difficult to maintain a high level of focus over time.Our research asks why this is the case,”said Matthew K.Robison,assistant professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Arlington.Although humans generally perform fine in situations that require sustained attention,they are often distracted,which can lead to mon distractions can be anything from thinking about a new romantic interest to reacting to a car honking.Most inattention has minor consequences like forgetting to forward an email or pick up an item at the grocery store. However,other inattention can lead to serious consequences,such as a train operator not reacting to an incident,a surgeon forgetting a step in an operation or an individual forgetting to turn off an oven.“Sustaining attention can be easier said than done,as attention fluctuates(波动)across short and long intervals,”Robison said.One of the most common approaches to studying inattention has been to examine response time to a variety of tasks.For this study,Robison and colleagues employed more than100participants to complete reaction time tasks for about25minutes.In a standard control condition,participants were simply told to respond as quickly as possible on each trial.“In this condition,reaction times systematically increased across time,consistent with the idea that task focus was decreasing,”Robison said.“However,when we gave them specific goals to pursue and made those goals harder over time,they did not show that effect.”The drop in concentration goes some way to explaining why we remember or forget the moment and why some people remember better than others.Robison and colleagues at the University of Oregon have also published a new study on maintaining attention.The results provide evidence that a simple and easily implementable change in behavior—setting specific goals for oneself—can significantly improve our ability to maintain task focus over time.“Setting a specific goal will increase sustained attention and reduce inattention,”said Robison based on his studies. V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.这个摄影师坚持每天用一张照片记录生活。