非限制性定语从句的标点与语义
13 高中非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
This is the book I like best.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为"的"字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
（见上句翻译）比较He has a sister, who is a musician.He has a sister who is a musician.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.单项选择1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD. in which2. Do you know the man _______?A. whom I spokeB. to who spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke3. This is the hotel _______last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. whichB. thatC. whenD. on which5. That is the day ______I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there8. This is one of the best films _______.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked10. The pen ______he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whomB. on whomC. with whichD. with whom13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose14.I'm interested in ______you have said.A. all thatB. all whatC. thatD. which15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. as16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as17.He is good at English, ______we all know.A. thatB. asC. whomD. what18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went withB. with whom I wentC. with who I wentD.I went with him19.I don't like ______ as you read.A. the novelsB. the such novelsC. such novelsD. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.A. themB. whichC. whomD. who23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.A. who;/B./; whomC. whom;/D./; who24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.A. whose titleB. its titleC. the title of itD. the title of thatst summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for whichB. for thatC. in whichD. what26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have lookedB. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked afterD. I have looked after31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.A. why; thatB.that;whyC. for that;thatD.for which;what32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.A.thatB.whichC.for whichD.who33.That is not the way ______I do it.A./B.whichC.for whichD.with which34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.A. all of whichB. either of whichC. both of thatD. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.A. as wasB. which wasC. as wereD. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.A. thatB. whichC. from thatD. from which38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.A. /B. whyC. whenD. whose40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. thatB. whichC. itD. though41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A. what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.A. when; whoB. that; whichC. which; thatD. when; which43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.A. owns; areB. owns; isC. own; isD. own; are44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followedB. followingC. to followD. that followed。
定语从句中的非限定性用法
定语从句中的非限定性用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的从句结构，它能够对名词进行修饰，进一步丰富句子的信息。
在定语从句中，我们通常使用限定性用法，即用来限定或限制名词的范围。
然而，在某些情况下，我们也会使用非限定性用法，用来为名词提供额外的说明或补充信息。
本文将讨论定语从句中的非限定性用法，并探讨其用法和特点。
一、非限定性定语从句的结构非限定性定语从句由关系词引导，通常使用关系代词"which"或关系副词"where", "when", "why"等。
相比于限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句在结构上较为宽松，因为它们不需要与主句有直接的关联。
二、非限定性定语从句的特点1. 用逗号隔开：在非限定性定语从句中，关系词前后都需要用逗号和主句隔开。
这个逗号的作用是表示非限定性定语从句与主句之间没有直接的关联。
2. 可省略：非限定性定语从句通常可以省略，即只保留关系词本身。
这是因为非限定性定语从句的修饰信息对于句子整体的理解并不是必需的。
3. 直接补充信息：非限定性定语从句的作用是为名词提供额外的说明或补充信息，与主句的内容没有直接的关联。
因此，在使用非限定性定语从句时需注意不要影响句子整体的逻辑和完整性。
三、非限定性定语从句的例子下面通过一些例子来说明定语从句中的非限定性用法：1. Our school, which was founded in 1950, has a long history.我们学校成立于1950年，有着悠久的历史。
2. My friend Tom, who is a doctor, will give us a lecture on health.我的朋友汤姆是一名医生，将给我们做一次有关健康的讲座。
3. I enjoy traveling to different places, where I can experience different cultures.我喜欢到不同的地方旅行，那里我可以体验不同的文化。
非限制性定语从句知识点总结
非限制性定语从句知识点总结在英语语法的学习中，非限制性定语从句是一个重要且相对复杂的知识点。
为了帮助大家更好地理解和掌握这一内容，下面将对非限制性定语从句的相关要点进行详细总结。
一、非限制性定语从句的定义非限制性定语从句是一种对先行词进行补充说明的从句，它与先行词的关系较为松散，即使去掉从句，主句的意思仍然完整。
例如：“My father, who is a doctor, works very hard”在这个句子中，“who is a doctor”就是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“my father”。
即使去掉这个从句，“My father works very hard”这个主句的意思也是清晰完整的。
二、非限制性定语从句的特点1、逗号分隔非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常用逗号隔开，这是其与限制性定语从句在形式上的一个明显区别。
比如：“The house, which was built in 1980, is very old”2、先行词可以是整个主句非限制性定语从句的先行词不仅可以是一个名词或代词，还可以是整个主句。
例如：“He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappointed” 这里先行词就是“He failed the exam”整个句子。
3、关系词的使用（1）关系代词：which、who、whom、whose 等。
which 指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
who 指代人，在从句中作主语。
whom 指代人，在从句中作宾语。
whose 表示“……的”，在从句中作定语。
（2）关系副词：when、where 等。
when 指代时间，在从句中作时间状语。
where 指代地点，在从句中作地点状语。
需要注意的是，非限制性定语从句中不能使用 that 作为关系词。
三、非限制性定语从句中关系词的具体用法1、 which 的用法（1）which 可以指代主句中的某个名词，也可以指代整个主句。
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句1. 定义非限制性定语从句（Non-restrictive Relative Clauses）是指用来修饰一个名词或代词，且不对其进行限定的定语从句。
这种从句通常提供一些额外信息，而不是对名词或代词进行修饰、定义或区分。
非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的区别在于非限制性定语从句用逗号或破折号将其与主句分隔开来，而限制性定语从句则不用分隔符。
例如：•限制性定语从句：The book that I borrowed last week was very interesting.•非限制性定语从句：My friend, who is a doctor, came to visit me.非限制性定语从句通常用来提供额外的信息，使得整个句子更加丰富和具体。
2. 结构非限制性定语从句的结构相对简单，通常由关系副词（如where, when, why）或关系代词（如who, whom, which）引导，并且使用逗号或破折号将其与主句分隔开来。
以下是一些常见的关系代词和关系副词：•关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that•关系副词：where, when, why例如：•关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句：My brother, who is a teacher, lives in London.•关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句：I still remember the day, when we went to the beach.3. 示例以下是一些示例，以帮助读者更好地理解非限制性定语从句的用法和作用。
1.This is my father, who is an engineer.2.The house, which was built in the 19th century, is now a museum.3.She loves music, which is why she plays the piano every day.4.The dog, whose tail is wagging, seems very happy.5.Tom finally got the job, which he had been dreaming of.4. 注意事项在使用非限制性定语从句时，需要注意以下几点：•逗号或破折号：非限制性定语从句通常使用逗号或破折号与主句分隔开来，这有助于读者更好地理解句子的结构和意思。
语法中的非限制性定语从句的标点符号使用
语法中的非限制性定语从句的标点符号使用非限制性定语从句是语法中常见的一种从句形式，用于对主句进行补充说明，但不是主句的必要部分。
在书写非限制性定语从句时，我们需要注意其中的标点符号使用规则，以确保文章的语法正确性和语义清晰。
本文将详细介绍非限制性定语从句的标点符号使用方法。
在非限制性定语从句中，我们需要使用逗号来将从句与主句进行分隔。
逗号的作用是标示出非限制性定语从句的存在，并帮助读者准确理解句子的意思。
下面是一些使用非限制性定语从句的示例：1. My brother, who is a doctor, is coming to visit us next week.2. The Taj Mahal, which is located in India, is a famous tourist attraction.3. Mary’s grandmother, who just turned 90, still leads an active lifestyle.在这些例子中，逗号将非限制性定语从句与主句隔开，使得读者能够清楚地识别出从句并理解它对主句的补充说明。
需要注意的是，非限制性定语从句通常可以被省略或者改写为另一种形式，而不对主句的意思产生实质性的改变。
在这种情况下，我们可以将非限制性定语从句放在括号中或使用短划线来标示。
下面是一些示例：1. The book, (which) I bought yesterday, is very interesting.2. The old man - (who is) sitting over there - is my neighbor.3. The concert tonight, (which is) organized by the local government, is free of charge.这些例子中，括号或短划线用来标示出非限制性定语从句，而不使用逗号进行分隔。
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别知识点总结
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别知识点总结定语从句是英语语法中重要的一部分，通过引导一个修饰性从句来进一步描述或限定一个名词。
在定语从句中，常见的有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种形式。
本文将总结并对比这两者的区别。
一、定义限制性定语从句（Restrictive Relative Clauses），也称为限定性定语从句，是对被修饰名词进行限定、界定的从句。
它给出一个特定范围，从中选出被修饰的名词，删除该从句将导致句意不完整或不明确。
非限制性定语从句（Non-restrictive Relative Clauses），也称为非限定性定语从句，是对被修饰名词提供额外的附加信息，但不对名词进行限定。
即使删除该从句，句意仍然连贯完整。
二、标点使用1. 限制性定语从句通常不使用逗号进行标点分隔。
如：The bookthat I borrowed last week is very interesting.（我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
）2. 非限制性定语从句使用逗号或者破折号进行标点分隔。
如：My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor.（我妹妹住在伦敦，是一名医生。
）三、修饰范围1. 限制性定语从句修饰的范围是限定、特定的。
它给出特定条件，仅对名词进行限定。
如：The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.（我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
）2. 非限制性定语从句提供额外的信息，对整个句子进行补充说明。
如：My sister, who lives in London, is a doctor.（我妹妹住在伦敦，是一名医生。
）四、形式1. 限制性定语从句不需要逗号，从句中的关系代词（that, who, whom, whose, which等）在从句中充当主语或宾语。
如：The book that I borrowed last week is very interesting.（我上周借的那本书非常有趣。
高中语法精讲非限制性定语从句的修饰与分隔
高中语法精讲非限制性定语从句的修饰与分隔在高中语法学习中，非限制性定语从句是一个相对较难的知识点。
理解和运用非限制性定语从句对于学生来说是非常重要的，因此，本文将详细介绍非限制性定语从句的修饰与分隔。
希望通过本文的阐述，能够帮助高中生们更好地掌握和运用非限制性定语从句。
一、非限制性定语从句的定义与作用非限制性定语从句是指在一个句子中使用的被修饰的词或短语，其作用是为了对主句中的名词或代词进行补充或说明，同时不对主句的语义造成影响。
例如：My brother, who is a doctor, works at a hospital.（我的弟弟是个医生，在一家医院工作。
）在这个例子中，非限制性定语从句“who is a doctor”修饰了名词“brother”，进一步解释了他的职业，“who is a doctor”这个修饰成分并不是主句中必需的，如果去掉这个从句，主句的意思并不会改变。
二、非限制性定语从句的结构与标点符号非限制性定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，如：who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where等。
在结构上，它与限制性定语从句不同，它的从句在句子中起到补充说明的作用。
此外，非限制性定语从句前后都要使用逗号进行分隔。
例如：John, who is my best friend, is coming to visit me tomorrow.（约翰，我的最好朋友，明天要来看我。
）在这个例子中，非限制性定语从句“who is my best friend”修饰了名词“John”，并通过逗号与主句分隔开来。
三、非限制性定语从句的注意事项1. 非限制性定语从句通常用来对先行词进行进一步的补充说明，因此，一般不使用“that”作为引导词。
但在口语中，为了避免重复，人们有时会使用“that”。
2. 如果修饰的内容是某物，而不是某人，则要用“which”作为引导词。
非限制性定语从句讲解及大考点
非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句也是定语从句的一种,在高中语法知识中它也是非常重要的一项的,老师们对于非限定性定语从句的讲解也是非常重视的;因为在考试中经常会出现该从句的讲解,下面大家就跟随小编一起来了解该从句的讲解;说到非限定性定语从句的讲解,还要分成不同的部分,首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么;其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分,不会受到主句的限制,把从句去掉之后,主句仍然是成立的;这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句;其次,大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密,因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开;例如：Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗它的男主演可是世界闻名的;My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.我有位朋友,他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会,下个月就要退休了;在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类,在不同情况下,该从句的使用方法也是不一样的,在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用;如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法,在考试的时候就一定会丢分了,下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍：1 who引导的非限制性定语从句Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.我们的向导,一个法裔加拿大人,擅长于烹调;My gardener,who is very pessimistic,says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观,他说今年将不结苹果;2 whom引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词whom用于指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末;如：Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了,你在伦敦见过他;Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位着名的科学家,我从他那儿学了许多东西;3 whose引导的非限制性定语从句whose是关系代词who的所有格形式,在从句中作定语;whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物;如：The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师;Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上;The play,whose style is rigidly formal,is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品,风格拘谨刻板;4 which引导的非限制性定语从句关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句,在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语;① which指代主句中的名词,被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词;如：These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的,还没有结过果实;She is an artist,which I am not.她是一位艺术家,而我不是;Water,which is a clear liquid,has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体,有许多用途;The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任,事实上,也真是如此;② which指代主句中的形容词;如：She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心,她丈夫却很少这样;She is always careless,which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意,我们可不应该这样;③ which指代主句中的某个从句;如：He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true.他说以前从没见过她,这不是真的;④ which指代整个主句;如：In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张,这是可以理解的;He may have acute appendicitis,in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎,如果是这样,他就得动手术;When deeply absorbed in work,which he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作,这时他会废寝忘食;5 when引导的非限制性定语从句关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指代主句中表示时间的词语;如：He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号,那时他将有空;6 where引导的非限制性定语从句关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,指代主句中表示地点的词语;如：They went to London,where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦,在那儿呆了六个月的时间;They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行;7 as引导的非限制性定语从句as引出非限定性定语从句时,代替整个主句,对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中;as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,且引出的从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首或句末,也可置于主句中间;通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开;as有“正如……, 就像……”之意; 如：As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道,马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家;as在从句中作主语He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔,这是常事;as 在从句中作主语He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作,他过去经常这样;as 在从句中作表语Boy as he was, he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子,却被选为国王;as在从句中作表语as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知,地球是圆的; as在从句中作宾语The two brothers were satisfied with this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意,这项决定在事前都已得到他们的同意;as在从句中作主语Taiwan is,as you know,an inseparable part of China.你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分;as在从句中作宾语8“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句在介词后引导非限制性定语从句;关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词,而是概括整个主句的意思;介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配;They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines,without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿,没有它们产量会减少一半;They thanked Tom,without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的,昨天我被介绍同他们认识了;9“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句It now has 20,000 hectares of land,more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中三分之二之多已经耕种;Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子,绝大部分是新的;he textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty per cent of whom are women.这家纺织厂有8千多职工,女职工占百分之八十;通过对该从句的讲解,大家可以看出,它的种类真的是非常多,不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的,大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义;虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多,但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句,所以说,大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目,它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的;除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况：1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导, 在非限制性定语从句中用who作主语 / whom作宾语指人,用which作主语 / 宾语指物, 用whose作定语指人 / 物;例如：The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.这位试图打反击的着名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注;The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.这部电影很有教育意义, 它的导演是位老人;2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略,若指人时,只用whom,不用who;例如：York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市;Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.请把这本书交给杰西卡,就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位;3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导, 需用for which替代why;例如：None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由;以上的内容就是小编给大家总结的非限制性定语从句的讲解,希望能够在大家学习语法的过程中对大家有所帮助;任何一个小的语法在英语考试中都是非常重要的,常见的语法考察的内容就是单选,完形和改错这几个题目,所以对于语法考察的内容所占的比例也是不小的,所以大家一定要重视;非限制性定语从句的八类考点■湖南陈根花考点一考查非限制性定语从句的基本用法非限制性定语从句的基本用法指的是定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导,通常置于主句之后,但有时也置于主句中间或主句之前仅限于as引导的定语从句;如：His best movie, which won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi. 他的最佳影片,就是荣获几项奖的那部,是关于甘地生平的;The train, which takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, which ta kes three. 坐火车去那儿要比坐汽车快,坐火车只要2小时,而坐汽车要3小时;Anyway, that evening, which I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Ra chel’s place. 不管怎样,那个晚上我最后待在了雷切尔那里,我以后会告诉你更多那晚的情况;The house, which was completed in 1856, was famous for its huge marble staircase. 这座房子建于1856年,以巨大的大理石楼梯闻名;People threw coins onto the stage, as was the custom. 人们向舞台上扔钱币,这是他们的习俗;真题再现答案为CA1. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all. 2012陕西卷A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what2. By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. 2012江西卷A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that考点二考查分离型非限制性定语从句所谓分离型非限制性定语从句,指的是引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与它所引导的定语从句被其他一些词语如插入语等隔开,从而造成关系词与定语从句的分离;如：Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, which, of course, made the others envy him. 海伦对她的小儿子要比对其他的儿子好,这使得其他的儿子很嫉妒他;The higher the interest rate, the greater the financial risk, which, of course, cuts both ways. 利率越高,金融风险就越大,这当然是个有利有弊的事;There are those, you know, who, by circumstance, end up homeless. 您知道,会有那么一些人,因为命运捉弄而落得无家可归;真题再现答案为BB1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. 2012浙江卷A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom2. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______, of course, made a ll the others upset. 2011北京卷A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that考点三考查具有同位关系的非限制性定语从句所谓“同位型”,主要指“用作同位语的不定代词+of which”这类结构;其中用作同位语的不定代词主要包括all, any, each, both, either, neither, none等;如：They produced two reports, neither of which contained any useful suggestions. 他们作了两个报告,都没有什么有用的建议;The machines, each of which is perhaps five feet in diameter, are not the largest dev ices in the room. 这些机器每台直径大约5英尺,它们并不是这间屋里最大的设备;He has a shelf full of things, each of which has associations for him. 他的一个搁架上摆满了东西,每一样都能勾起他许多回忆;He devotes most of hid words to two topics: money and health, each of which he seemed to lack in equal measure. 他用大部分篇幅论述两个论题,即金钱和健康,而这两样他都同样缺乏;真题再现答案为CA1. Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television. 2012山东卷A. themB. thatC. whichD. what2. English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it s omewhat differently. 2011浙江卷A. whichB. whatC. themD. those类型四考查含有整体与部分关系的非限制性定语从句所谓“部分型”,主要指“先行词这个整体中的一部分+of which / whom”这类结构其中的of表示整体与部分的关系;这类结构中的“部分”可以是基数词one, two, three, four等,可以是序数词the first, the second, the third等包括the last,可以是分数词a third, two thirds等,可以是表示数量意义的不定代词some, many, half, most, several, a few 等,可以是比较级或最高级如the bi gger, the biggest等,等等;如：There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶,一瓶快喝完了,另一瓶没完全喝完;I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋,六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了;There were a lot of computers at the exhibition, any one of which would have suited m e perfectly. 展览会上有很多电脑,无论哪一种都会非常适合我用;I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed. 有人给我三本关于烹饪的书,其中的第一本我特别喜欢;注意,“表示整体中一部分的词语+of which /whom”有时也可说成“of which /whom +表示整体中一部分的词语”;如：There were 500 passengers, 121 of whom drowned.=There were 500 passengers, of whom 12 1 drowned. 共有500位乘客,其中有121人被淹死了;真题再现答案为CA1. In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses. 2012四川卷A. in whomB. in themC. of whomD. of them2. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ______ left their village h omes for a better life in the city. 2010浙江卷A. whomB. whichC. themD. those类型五考查含所有关系的非限制性定语从句所谓“所有型”,主要指在“名词+of which / whom”这类结构中,介词of表示所有关系,如 the price of the vase,假若在出题语境中the vase用作了先行词,那么该结构就会变为the price of wh ich;如：In 1980 he caught a serious illness the effects of which he still suffers from. 1980年他患了到现在对他仍有影响的重病;The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for ot her purposes. 该工厂使用了65%的原材料,其余的原材料被节省下来用作其他用途;真题再现答案为CD1. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. 2011江西卷A. for whichB. with whichC. of whichD. to which2. The newly buil t café, the walls of ______ are painted light green, is really a pea ceful place for us, specially after hard work. 2010江苏卷A. thatB. itC. whatD. which类型六考查“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中,要特别注意正确选用其中的介词——这个介词既可能与先行词的搭配习惯有关,也可能与定语从句中的某个名词、动词或形容词等的搭配习惯有关;如：The Tower of London, in which so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attra ction. 在伦敦塔中曾有许多人丧命,它现在是旅游胜地;注意搭配in the Tower of London Eric received training in computer for one year, after which he found a job in a big company. 埃里克接受了为期一年的计算机培训,这之后他在一家大公司里找到一份工作;注意搭配aft er he received training in computer for one yearThe Acme Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, ha s opened four new branches. 我们公司与之打了好几年交道的艾科米旅行社开设了四个新的分社;注意搭配deal with the Acme Travel Agency真题再现答案为BD1.100℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil. 2012全国卷IIA. forB. atC. onD. of2. Care of the soul is a gradual process, ______ even the small details of life should be considered. 2012湖南卷A. whatB. in whatC. whichD. in which类型七考查关系代词作定语的非限制性定语从句能用于名词前作定语的关系代词通常只有两个——whose和which;它们的区别是：which用作定语时,其意义相当于指示代词this或that；whose用作定语时,其意义相当于物主代词one’s或所有格结构the…of…;如：The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep.邮递员早晨6点30分来,这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢;at which time在此相当于and at that tim eHe won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in which case he’ll eat almost anything. 除非很饿,否则他不会吃东西,一旦饿了,他几乎什么都吃;in which case在此相当于and i n that caseHave you seen the film “Titanic”, whose leading actor is world famous 你看过那部由世界着名演员主演的电影——泰坦尼克吗 whose在此相当于and itsI went to see my friends the Forrests, whose children I used to look after when they were small. 我去看我的朋友福里斯特一家,在他家的孩子很小的时候我曾经照料过他们;whose在此相当于and their真题再现答案为BI wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far. 2012天津卷A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which类型八考查非限制性定语从句与特殊句式的结合非限制性定语从句有时会与某些特殊句式或短语综合在一起构成一类比较复杂结构;如：The shops were closed, which was why I didn’t get any milk. 商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶;非限制性定语从句与that’s why…句式综合Each has faced similar hardships, which is why they are friends. 每个人都曾碰到相似的困难,这就是他们成为朋友的原因; 非限制性定语从句与that’s why…句式综合We’ve been invited to Rachel and Jamie’s wedding—speaking of which, did you know t hat they’re moving to Ealing 我们应邀参加了雷切尔和杰米的婚礼——说到这事,你知道他们要搬到伊令去吗非限制性定语从句与短语 speak of综合真题再现答案为DI’m afraid he is more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes any thing. 2011山东卷A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why此题虽然命题者将空格留给了why,但另一种出题方式便是将空格留给which;。
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非限制性定语从句的标点与语义非限制性定语从句，在英语中常用来提供额外的补充信息，对主句的意思并不产生直接的限制或必要条件。
它通常用逗号或破折号进行标点，但在具体使用中，我们需要注意标点的合理运用，以免造成语义上的困扰或误解。
首先，逗号是用来标示非限制性定语从句的常见标点符号。
逗号表示从句与主句之间有一定的停顿，但并不改变主句的意思或结构。
例如：
- My brother, who is a doctor, is coming to visit us.
- China, which has a long history, has a rich culture.
在这两个例子中，非限制性定语从句分别为“who is a doctor”和“which has a long history”，它们用逗号与主句分隔开来，用以补充说明主句的内容。
然而，在特定情况下，我们需要使用破折号来代替逗号。
当我们想要强调非限制性定语从句的内容时，可以使用破折号来使从句更加突出。
例如：
- My brother—the one who is a doctor—is coming to visit us.
- China—the country with a long history—has a rich culture.
在这两个例子中，破折号所代表的强调作用使得非限制性定语从句的内容更加显著，读者在阅读时更容易注意到从句的存在。
此外，在一些特殊情况下，逗号和破折号也可以同时使用。
当非限制性定语从句本身包含逗号时，我们可以使用破折号来将从句与主句区分开来，以避免读者混淆。
例如：
- My brother, who is a doctor, is coming to visit us—despite his busy schedule.
在这个例子中，逗号用于标示非限制性定语从句“who is a doctor”，而破折号则用来将这个从句与主句以及另一个从句“despite his busy schedule”区分开来，使整个句子更加清晰易懂。
总体而言，在使用非限制性定语从句时，我们应该根据具体语境和需要来选择逗号或破折号。
逗号用于表示从句与主句之间有一定的停顿，破折号则用于强调从句的内容。
适当的标点运用能够使句子更加清晰，阅读体验更加流畅。