初中英语动词不定式讲解及练习

动词不定式

一. 定义：

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形

三. 动词不定式作宾语

后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。

We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。

The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。

动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）

1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：

remember to do 记住要做某事 remember doing 记得曾经做过某事

forget to do忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

stop to do 停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在做的事

I remember seeing you somewhere before.

我记得以前在哪儿见过你。

Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.

离开时请记得关好灯。

2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。

如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他发现很难入睡。

四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语

1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help 等。 The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。

I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。 We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。

2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带

to的不定式作宾补。

Let’s have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。

感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。

I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）

I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）

( ) 1. I often see Tom on the playground. When I passed the playground yesterday, I saw him .

A. play; playing

B. to play; play

C. playing; to play C. playing; play

( ) 2. — What does the sign on the bottle mean?

—It means “”.

A. This side up

B. Dangerous

C. Recyclable

D. No Parking

( ) 3. When the player finished running, he was out of .

A. breather

B. breathing

C. breath

D. the breath

( ) 4. — How about going hiking this weekend?

— Sorry, I prefer rather than .

A. to stay at home; go out

B. to go out; stay at home

C. staying at home; go out

D. going out; stay at home

( ) 5. —We really shouldn’t use plastic bags any more whe n shopping.

—It’s important to protect our environment.

A. So does it.

B. With pleasure.

C. That’s OK.

D. So it is.

( ) 6. —

— To the supermarket with Wang Fan.

A. Where have you gone?

B. Where did you go to the supermarket?

C. Where have you been?

D. Where’s Wang Fang?

( ) 7. I afraid of the dark, but now I don’t.

A. use to

B. used to

C. use to be

D. used to be

( ) 8. The earth is years old.

A. four thousands six hundreds

B. four thousand six hundred

C. four thousand and six hundred million

D. four thousand six hundred millions

( ) 9. They have made so great progress .

A. three years ago

B. for three years

C. in the past three years

D. before three years

( ) 10. — Has Li Hong gone to the library?

— Pardon?

— I asked the library.

A. if Li Hong had gone to

B. if had Li Hong gone to

C. Li Hong had gone to

D. has Li Hong gone to

( ) 11. — Oh, Miss Wei. Your skirt looks nice. Is it new?

— No, I it since three years ago.

A. had

B. bought

C. have had

D. have bought

( ) 12. — Must they clean and tidy the classroom now?

— No, they . It after school in the afternoon.

A. mustn’t; must clean

B. needn’t; must clean

C. mustn’t; need be cleaned

;D. don’t have to; can be cleaned

( ) 13. —It’s one o’clock now. I must go.

—It’s raining outside. Don’t leave it stops.

A. when

B. since

C. while

D. until