高级英语修辞手法simile教案资料
2.simile
simile
• The process of gaining or losing weight can be explained by comparing your body to your car…And just as your car uses more energy when the engine is racing than when it is idling, so does your body use more energy when you are working hard than when you are resting.
2)we mean Jim is literally like his brother in appearance.
But when we say “Jim and Billy are as like as two puppets”, we are using a simile, because
1) we are comparing two unlike elements— human beings and puppets;
2) we don’t mean Jim and Billy are literally like puppets, but only that they have one thing in common with puppets: great similarity in appearance.
simile
明喻
• • • • •
汉语的明喻是用“像”、“似”、“如”、“好 像……似的”等词来连接被比喻和用作比喻的事 物. 骄阳似火 江作青罗带，山如碧玉簪； 春天像小姑娘，花枝招展的，笑着，走着。 —朱自清 困难不像铁，它也不像钢，困难像弹簧，你强他 就弱，你弱他就强。 这花又鲜又嫩，真象小姑娘娇美的脸。
高级英语修辞格 (1)教学提纲
高级英语修辞格(1)1. 明喻（simile）是用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如：（1）O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
（2）He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
（3）The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
as long as it′s broad半斤八两；结果一样as clear as crystal清如水晶2. 暗喻/隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
（1）He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
（2）The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
（3）The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心。
英语中有许多数词习语和俚语，主要用作隐喻（也有个别用作明喻）。
(1)A hundred to one it will be a failure.这件事极可能失败。
(2)He has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。
to teach fish to swim班门弄斧to plough the sand白费力气a square peg in a roun d hole不适宜担任某一职务的人between the devil and the deep sea进退两难。
3. 提喻（synecdoche）主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分；或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象；以特殊代表一般，或用一般代表特殊。
修辞格讲解
修辞格讲解（01）1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. The simile usually falls into the pattern: 'A is like B' or such expression 'as', 'as…as' , 'as if' etc. The pattern of a simile usually contains a tenor (本体) and a vehicle (喻体). 1) His temper was as explosive as a volcano2) Playing chess with Ashley is like trying to outsmart a computer.3) Mary frowned and said, “I believe that taking drugs is like (playing with fire).”2) Metaphor：(暗喻;隐喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. A metaphor consists of two main parts: the tenor (本体) and the vehicle (喻体). For example, the world is a stage.3) Understatement: (低调陈述）It is the opposite of overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.4) Metonymy (借代，转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces). 1) The White House asked the television networks for air time on Monday night.2) The pen is mightier than the sword.* In the last six years we have won twenty-nine international awards. But no one could accuse us of resting on our laurels.5) Irony: (反语）It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.6) Climax: (递进法）It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. Forexample, I came, I saw, I conquered.* Here. There. Everywhere. * One Ticket. One Airline. All of America. ( Delta Airline )* Fly the world via KLM’s super home base. Via Schiphol, the Gateway to Europe. And pick up the bargains on the way. Test us. Try us. Fly us. ( Royal Dutch Airline )7) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降）It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.1) "Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to wecome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its -- oysters." (要了解此句为突降的前提是：Hiroshima在全球人眼中最著名的是原子弹轰炸，而不是oyster. 但这句话的前半部却有步步递进的感觉，然后突然下降，出乎意外地出现了oyster, 而不是atomic bombing)8) Alliteration: (头韵）It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.9) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive of some action or movement. 2) The Iron Gate was pulled to with a clang. 铁门哗的一声给拉上了。
明喻Simile的英语修辞方法
明喻Simile的英语修辞方法
明喻Simile的英语修辞方法
一、基本概念
Simile(明喻)是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，与汉语的明喻相似，它指的是将具有共性的不同事物或现象作对比，表明本体和喻体的关系。
在明喻中，本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。
注意，用于对比的事物或现象之间的'共性存在于人们的心里，而不是事物的自然属性。
二、基本格式
基本格式：本体 + 显著比喻词 + 喻体
三、常见标志词
Simile的常用标志词有 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。
1. 介词：like 等;
2. 连词：as, as if, as though, as...so, what等;
3. 动词：seem, compare...to, liken...to, bear a resemblance to 等;
4. 名词：comparison, resemblance 等;
5. 形容词：akin to, similar to, be analogous to 等;
6. 短语：as it were, no more...than, be something of, be something like等;
7. 句式：As, so As A is to B, so C is to D; A is to B as [what] C is to D等。
修辞：simile
Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt and can not last. 美丽犹如夏季的水果，易腐难存．
Note:
1. A simile is a comparison between two
intrinsically different entities, and the two entities have an overt similarity. E.g.: (1)He is as cunning as a fox. (2)The tiger is as brave as the lion. (3)My house is like yours. (4)He studies better than all the others in his class.
Rhetorical Characteristics:
(1). Words like “as, as …as…, like”, etc. are used
to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, the phrase as cold as ice is a common simile; the concept of coldness is explained in terms of an actual concrete object. (2). Sometimes, the association is between unfamiliar and familiar things, or between abstract and concrete images. (3). The stronger the association that is felt, the greater the force of the comparison, the stronger the power of suggestion and the sharper the image produced.
高级英语8-13课修辞教案资料
⾼级英语8-13课修辞教案资料⾼级英语8-13课修辞Advanced English ( I )Rhetorical Devices Applied from 8---13Unit 8 An Interactive Life1.Where he saw internal memos, someone else saw Beethowven. – ( metonymy )2.Will government regulate messages sent out on this vast data highway? ---( metaphor )3.To prevent getting trampled by a stampede of data, viewers will rely on programmed electronic selectors that could go out into the info corral and rope in the subjects the viewer wants. --- ( metaphor)4. She is a child of the people, born in the very height and heat of battle.–( alliteration )5. Crafty men condemn studies; simple men admire them; and wise men use them ---(antithesis)6. She says consumers would be a little like information “cowboys,” rounding up data from computer-based archives and information services.---(simile )Unit 9 Mark Twain -- Mirror of America1. Metaphor:Mark Twain -- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartthe vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United StatesAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...Steamboat decks teemed...main current of...but its flotsamWhen railroads began drying up the demand......the epidemic of gold and silver fever...2. Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographic3. Hyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters... - a cosmos.4. Parallelism:Most Americans remember ... the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise througheternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.5. Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude......an entry that will determine his course forever...The grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.6. Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever7. Euphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggleHe tired soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.8. Alliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...9. Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxeUnit 10 The trial that rock the world.1.The trial that rock the world. --- (hyperbole)2.Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder. ---( transferred epithet )3.H. L. Menken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him, and there was talk of running him out of town for….( transferredepithet )4.“The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.” ---( antithesis )5.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1500 people had taken on a circus atmosphere. --- ( metaphor)6.…that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in US. History.--- (metaphor)7.…until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenthcentury …( irony)8.Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”.--- ( oxymoron)9.The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as sciencemaster and football coach at the secondary school. --- ( synecdoche)10.Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. -- .( transferred epithet )11.One shop announced: Darwin is right – inside. – ( pun )Unit 11 But What's a Dictionary For?Personification1. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster?s Third New International Dictionary is a curious phenomenon.2. An article in the Atlantic viewed it as a “disappointment,”a “shock ,” a “calamity,” “a scandal and a disaster.” The Yew York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would…3. The Journal of the American Bar Association saw the publication as ...Alliteration4. --a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.Assonance5. The difference, for example, between the much-touted Second International (1934) and the much-clouted Third International (1961) is not like the difference between yearly models but…Synecdoche6. What of those sheets and jets of air that are now being used, in place of old-fashioned oak and hinges, to screen entrances and exist?7. But neither his vanity nor his purse is any concern of the dictionary’sMetonymy8. The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "keep Your Old Webster's,” says, in the first sentence, …9. In short, all of these publications are written in the language that the 3rd International describes, even the very editorials which scorn it.Unit 12 The LoonsHyperbole1. …dresses that were always miles too long.2. …those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world Metaphor3. …the filigree of the spruce trees4. …daughter of the forest5. I tried another line6. A streak of amberTransferred epithet7. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars.8. I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way.9. My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce core, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands.Metonymy10. Those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home. ( our modern civilization) Synecdoche11. the damn bone’s flared up againPersonification12. The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping at us from the tall spruce beside the cottage,13. The news that somehow had not found its way into letters….Unit 13 Britannia Rues the WavesMetaphor:1.….the British fleet risks being elbowed out….2. Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.3. ….are bent on taking over the lion’s share….4. To cash in on the container revolution, you need….5.The one area which has weathered the economic storms….6.But P&O has no intention of throwing in the towel.。
(完整word版)高级英语修辞手法simile
1、生动形象的Simile （明喻）英语辞格simile （明喻）是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法，也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在文学作品中尤其如此。
《文学词汇词典》（A Dictionary of Literary Terms）对明喻是这样定义的：A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性，许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时，其叙述都没有超出这个概念。
根据定义，明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有 as（如）， like（像）， seem（似乎）， as if （好像）， as though（好像）， such as（像……一样）等。
其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。
Simile在英语中应用得很广泛，用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，可收到生动形象，简单明了，新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
先看引自《大学英语·精读》（笔者按：系指董亚芬总主编的大学英语系列教材(College English)中的《精读（Intensive Reading 1-6册）》[修订本]，上海外语教育出版社，1997。
下同）中的几个例子。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. （Book 1, Unit 3）支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
Simile(明喻)
example
• • • • 他的女人脑子不太好使。 His daughter is rather weak in the head. 用weak in the head 来回避stupid or foolish. 讳饰就是用委婉的词句来回避令人不愉快 的语句。
As….as 明喻大可直译
• • • • • • 坚如磐石：as hard as a rock 像蜜蜂一样忙碌：as busy as a bee 像云雀一样快活：as cheerful as a lark 有的却不能从字面上翻译 As cool as a cucumber 非常冷静 as sharp as a needle 十分精明
讳饰的分类：
• “讳饰”一般可分为美饰和掩饰两种。 一美饰就是因犯忌怕说而改用别的加以装饰美化。 • 下午两点三刻，当代最伟大的思想家停止思想了。 让他一个人留在房里还不到两分钟，等我们再进 去的时候，便发现他在安乐椅上安静地睡着—— 但已经是永远地睡着了。（《在马克思墓前的讲 话》） • 句中的“停止思想”、“安静的睡着”、“永远 地睡着”，都是指“死”。对于马克思的死，恩 格斯不忍心直接说出，因而用了讳饰手法。这样 既把自己的心情委婉而含蓄地表达出来，又符合 全世界劳动人民的心愿。
例
二掩饰就是遇到犯触讳的事改用一种模糊的 说法去掩盖。 • Eg:“祥林嫂？怎么了? __“老了”（《祝 福》） • 句中的“老了”即“死了”。因鲁府的忌 • 讳颇多，那些不吉利的话不可直说。为了 • 避讳，短工们把祥林嫂的死说成“老了”。
example
• 成千上万的人涌进医院，瞻仰这位伟大的 影星的遗容。 • Thousands of people flocked to the hospital to pay their respects to the remains of the great film star.
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高级英语修辞手法s i m i l e1、生动形象的Simile （明喻）英语辞格simile （明喻）是一种最简单、最常用的修辞方法，也是运用最为广泛的一种修辞手段。
在文学作品中尤其如此。
《文学词汇词典》（A Dictionary of Literary Terms）对明喻是这样定义的：A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性，许多论述英语修辞的书籍或文章在讲到明喻时，其叙述都没有超出这个概念。
根据定义，明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。
说得通俗点，也就是打比方，即把要描述的事物——本体（A）用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体（B）联系起来。
常用的比喻词有 as（如）， like（像）， seem（似乎）， as if （好像）， as though（好像）， such as（像……一样）等。
其基本格式是“A is like B”或“A is as…as B”。
Simile在英语中应用得很广泛，用以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，可收到生动形象，简单明了，新鲜有趣的修辞效果。
先看引自《大学英语·精读》（笔者按：系指董亚芬总主编的大学英语系列教材(College English)中的《精读（Intensive Reading 1-6册）》[修订本]，上海外语教育出版社，1997。
下同）中的几个例子。
The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. （Book 1, Unit 3）支票像只断了翅膀的小鸟似的飘落在地板上。
一位孤苦伶仃的老人在生日那天，满心欢喜地期待她的女儿来给她祝寿，至少给她寄一份生日礼物，最终等到的却是一张冷冰冰的支票。
此句形象地描述了老人收到支票后的心情——她多么失望，就让那张令她伤心的支票随它去吧！这个明喻的比喻词是like。
Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it. (Book 2, Unit 10)对于人的精神来说，赞扬就像阳光一样：没有它我们便不能开花生长。
作者借助明喻形象地说明了赞扬的作用，赞扬对于人的精神如阳光对于生命一样重要，对于我们来说是不可或缺的。
此句的比喻词也是like。
He looked at me with an air of surprised disappointed, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlace were undone. (Book 2, Unit 4)他带着一种吃惊的，不以为然的神态看着我，就像一位上校看着一名没系好靴带的列兵一样。
这句话传神地刻画出校长对于“我”这位求职者傲慢自大，不屑一顾的神气。
这句用的比喻词是as。
英语中有许多谚语包含着美妙的明喻，闪烁着语言艺术的光彩。
这些谚语多数以like和 as作比喻词。
例如：Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit.有天资而无学识，好比树木不结果实。
Choose an author as you choose a friend.择书如择友。
Credit lost is like a Venice-glass broke.信誉丧失，犹如破镜难圆。
Use a book as a bee does flowers.读书如蜜蜂采花。
明喻通常表示本体和喻体之间的相似性，从而道出两种事物之间的关联。
由于这个原因明喻常用于广告语言中，能使我们了解商品，给我们具体、形象的概念，读来颇感亲切，易于为大众所接受。
如下面这则衣服广告：Light as a breeze, soft as a cloud.轻盈如微风，柔软似白云。
这则广告中两个明喻的运用，把衣服的质地感和穿着的舒适感体现出来了，使广告的魅力倍增，谁会不为之慷慨解囊呢？Cool as a mountain stream…cool fresh Consulate.凉爽如山间清泉……清凉甘爽的Consulate香烟。
这是Consulate 牌香烟的广告。
广告将该香烟比作山间溪流，言下之意是，Consulate 牌香烟犹如山间溪流那样清新、甘爽、提神、醒脑……通过比喻把该烟的特点表现的淋漓尽致，使人难以忘怀。
另外，值得注意的是英语中有许多成语含有明喻，其结构为as + 形容词+ as +名词（第一个as可省略）。
例如：(as) blind as a bat 目光如豆(as) cool as cucumber 泰然自若(as) cold as a marble 冷若冰霜(as) busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙(as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石(as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛(as) mute as an oyster 噤若寒蝉(as) strong as horse 健壮如牛用些含明喻的成语用like构成。
例如：like a duck to water 如鱼得水like a hen on a hot griddle 像热锅上的蚂蚁like a cat in a hole 瓮中之鳖以上是明喻最典型的体现格式：A is like B. 和A is as…as B.英语中的明喻可以多种格式体现，其他的格式或句型还有：1、虚拟句型最常见的是用as if或as though作比喻词，另外还有其他一些形式。
例如：My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs.(Sydney Smith )我的笔迹，看来就像一大群蚂蚁从墨水里逃出来，没有把脚抹干净就在纸上四散奔跑过似的。
笔迹像蚂蚁爬的痕迹，比喻得恰如其分。
…and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair. It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox.……还有一位我生平所未曾见过最胖的女人坐在一把直背椅子上打瞌睡，那简直就像一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上一样。
“一口袋粮食放在一个火柴盒上”比喻（含夸张）得多么生动。
The dogs were in full cry, their noses down, their tails up, so close together that they might have been one great yellow and white moving carpet.那群狗吠叫着追猎，低着头，翘着尾巴，一条挨着一条，看上去就像一块黄白交织的活动的大地毯。
本句也是虚拟句型的明喻，词组so…that起比喻词的作用，连接本体和喻体。
She looked both young and aging, as if she had just emerged from an illness of some crisis.(Isacca Bashevis Singer: The Briefcase)她看上去既老又年轻，好像是新病初愈或是刚遭了一场灾难的样子。
He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez.(Ernest Hemingway: For Whom the Bell Tolls)那匹马很漂亮，像是维拉斯凯兹油画上的马变活了。
2、what型常见的句式有两种：A is to B what C is to D和 What C is to D, A is to B。
例如：Carlos Lehder was to cocaine transportation what Henry Ford was to cars.卡洛斯·雷德与可卡因的贩运的关系，正如亨利·福特与汽车的关系。
卡洛斯·雷德是著名的哥伦比亚毒枭（Colombian drug lord），亨利·福特是美国汽车大王，本句通过喻体（福特）说明本体（雷德）。
此明喻起说明的作用。
Judicious praise is to children what the sun is to flowers.(Bovee)明智的表扬对于孩子的作用，就像阳光对于花朵的作用。
The pen is to a writer what the gun is to a fighter.作家的笔犹如战士的枪。
Intellect is to the mind what sight is to the body.智力对思想犹如视力对于身体一样重要。
在这个明喻句式中，系动词可以改用实义动词do，介词to改为 for，而成为 A does for B what C does for D 。
这里what引导的是一个宾语从句。
例如：Marx did for the development of society what Darwin did for the development of the biology.马克思对社会发展的贡献和达尔文对生物学发展的贡献一样。
第二个句式是把what从句提到句首而形成的。
例如：What the blueprint is to the builder the outline is to the writer.提纲对于作家犹如蓝图对于建筑师一样重要。
What blood vessels are to a man’s body, that railways are to the country.铁路对于一个国家的作用正如血管对于人体的作用。