高级英语修辞手法Rhetorical_Devices
rhetorical_devices____高级英语中的修辞讲解
Alliteration（头韵）
• The repetition of the same sounds or of the same kinds of sounds at the beginning of words or in stressed syllables, as in "on scrolls of silver snowy sentences" Hart Crane. Modern alliteration is predominantly consonantal (consonance); certain literary traditions, such as Old English verse, also alliterate using vowel sounds. (assonance)
3. The instrument for the agent（借一物以喻用
物之人；或者用工具指其行为主体） Give every man your ear, but few your voice. (Pay heed to what every man says, but say little yourself) He chose a gun instead of a cap and gown. (a gun= soldier, a cap and gown =a student) 4.a person‟s name for the things he has invented or the works he has written（用某人之名代替 此人的作品或者发明物） • At the beginning of next year, he will read Shakespeare
高级英语Unit_2_Hiroshima_rhetorical devices
Unit 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japanby Jacques Danvoir1. MetaphorExamples in the text:1) I had a lump in my throat2) At last this intermezzo came to an end...3) I was again crushed by the thought...4) ...when the meaning ... sank in, jolting me...2. Metonymy(借代、换喻)It is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance, "Washington", as the capital of the United States, can be used as a metonym(an instance of metonymy) for the United States government.It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another. This substituted name may be an attribute of that other thing or be closely associated with it. In other words, it involves a “change of name”, the substituted name suggesting the thing meant.Examples:The pen is mightier than sword.Use your brains.Never let your heart rule your head.Examples from the text:1) ...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the miniskirt2) I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impactMetonymy can be derived from various sources:a. Names of persons: Uncle Sam: the USAb. Animals: the bear: the Soviet Unionthe dragon: the Chinese (a fight between the bear and the dragon)c. Parts of the body: heart: feelings or emotionshead, brain: wisdom, intelligence, reasongray hair: old aged. Professions: the bar: the legal professionthe bench: position of judge or magistratethe veil: vocation of a nunthe press: newspaperse. Location of government, of business or industrial enterprisesDowning Street: the British governmentthe White House: the American governmentCapitol Hill: the Legislative branch of USthe Pentagon: the US military establishmentKremlin: the government of the former USSRFleet Street: the British pressWall Street: US financial circlesMadison Avenue: American ad. industryHollywood: film-making industry of US3. Euphemism: the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest sth unpleasant. e.g:1) He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at the government's expenses.2) The boy is a bit slow for his age.3) to go to heaven---dead4) to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer the nature's call, put an end to my life.5) Each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares.4. Irony: People say the opposite of what they mean. For example, if the day has been terrible, you say, “Boy, this has been a great day!”Irony is more emphatic than a point-blank statement of the truth. It achieves its effect by reminding you of the opposite reality and this providing a scale by which to judge the resent reality.1) Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan2) the good fortune that my illness has brought me5. Anti-Climax: In rhetoric, a climax is a figure of speech in which words, phrases, or clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance. Climax, d eriving from the Greek word for “ladder”, implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. It is sometimes used with anadiplosis, which uses the repetition of a word or phrase in successive clauses.Examples of climax and anti-climax:I came, I saw, I conquered.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. (From Bacon, “Of Reading”)a. A decline viewed in disappointing contrast with a previous rise: the anticlimax of a brilliant career.b. something trivial or commonplace that concludes a series of significant events: After a week of dramatic negotiations, all that followed was anticlimax.c. A sudden descent in speaking or writing from the impressive or significant to the ludicrous or inconsequential, or an instance of it;1) Alas！Alas！What shall I do? I've lost my wife and best hat, too!哎呀哎呀！我怎么办呢？我失去了妻子，又丢了最好的帽子！2) The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.士兵的职责是保卫祖国和剥土豆皮。
修辞手段 rhetorical devices
修辞手段 rhetorical devices修辞格(figures of speech)是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。
它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。
英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。
The art or study of using language effectively and persuasively.The art or talent by which discourse is adapted to its end.（一）音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices) 音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
它主要包括onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonanceOnomatopoeiaUse of words to imitate natural sounds, accommodation of sound to sense. 模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。
恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。
如：Presently there came the click of high-heeled shoes.高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。
AlliterationRepetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence. 在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音. 如：Let us go forth to lead the land we love.---J. F. Kennedy, InauguralPeter Piper picked a peck of picking pepper.AssonanceRepetition of the same sound in words close to each other. 在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。
高级英语(2.3.1)--AppreciationRhetoricalDevices
• 3) One more day of suffering would mean a day nearer my death (would bring me closer to my death).
• I have the opportunity to improve my character: I have the chance to raise my moral standard, to purify my soul.
• Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls… send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor:
• 1) stretchers and wheelchairs are for invalids and the disabled
point over where the bomb exploded
• They would also like to demolish the atomic museum:
• 1) demolish: pull down or tear down
• e.g. They have demolished the slum district.
• People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation:
• 1) genetic: of or relating to genes
• e.g. genetic information
• 2) People fear that the effect of the atomic radiation may be hereditary (may pass on from parents to children). People suffering from genetic damage may not be able to produce offspring or may give birth to deformed or otherwise unhealthy children.
修辞手法Rhetorical Devices—高级英语
Rhetorical DevicesLesson11.Onomatopoeia（拟声）is the formation of words in imitation of the sounds associated with the thing concerned.e.g. tinkling bells2.Alliteration(押首韵)is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.e.g. thread their way among the throngs of people3. Hyperbole(夸张) is the use of a form of words to make something sound big, loud and so on by saying this is like something even bigger, louder, etc.e.g. a flood of glistening linseed oil4. Antithesis(对偶，对语) is the setting, often in parallel structure, of contrasting words or phrases opposite each other for emphasis.“Ask not what you country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country.”e.g. which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stone wheels.5. Parallelism(并列) consists of phrases or sentences of similar construction and meaning placed side by side, balancing each other.e.g. the din of stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing, of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining6. Metaphor(隐喻) makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but the comparison is implied rather than stated, without using words like, as etc. (simile)e.g. It is a vast, somber cavern of room.7. Personification（拟人）gives human form or feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions.e.g. Camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay.8. Inversion (倒装)mainly refers to the reversal of the usual order of the subject and the predicate in a sentence.e.g. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, …Lesson21.Rhetorical question(反问) is usually defined as any question asked for a purpose other thanto obtain the information the question asks.e.g: Was I not at the scene of the crime? (rhetorical question)2.Synecdoche（提喻）is figure of speech in which a word literally denoting a part is substituted for the whole; or the whole for a part, or a specific word is used to stand for abstract one or vice versa.e.g.They were short of hands at harvest time.China beat Brazil in yesterday’s soccer game.3. Metonymy(换喻) is a figure of speech in which the name of an attribute or a thing is used to stand for another thing, and the relation between the two things is not of similarity, but of contiguity.e.g.The kettle is boiling.Wall Street, American financial centerCapital Hill, U.S. Congressthe Pentagon, U.S. Defense Department4. Anti-climax(渐降) is a figure of speech in which a series of ideas are arranged in such a way that they go from the most important to the least important with steady weakening of emotion and tone. It is usually used for humorous effect.e.g. He lost his empire, his family and his fountain pen.The duties of a soldier are to protect is country and peel potatoes.5. Climax（层递）refers to the arrangement of series of ideas, which go from the least important to the most important with steady strengthening of emotion and tone.e.g. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested6. Euphemism (委婉语)is mild, pleasant, neutral, or inoffensive expressions used instead of harsh, blunt, coarse, or unpleasant ones. They are often used out of courtesy or consideration for other people’s feelings.e.g. pass away, go to heaven, to be gone.weight-watcher, under-achiever, perspiration, do one's business, answer the nature's call etc. Earthly care, worldly worry or concern.7.Irony (反语)is a figure of speech in which the meaning literally expressed is the direct opposite of the me aning intended and which aims at ridicule, humor or sarcasm to make one’s remarks forceful.e.g. Robbing a widow of her savings was certainly a noble act.…on the good fortune that my illness has brought me.Lesson51.Antithesis(对照; 对立; 对偶)It is a counter-propositions and denotes a direct contrast to the original proposition.Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe.Rhetorical Devices in the speech•1) Periodic sentence•2) Rhetorical question•3) Parallelism•4) Inversion•5) Repetition•6) Alliteration•7) Simile•8) Metaphor•9) AntithesisLesson 61.Metaphor:...the nerves of both ... Were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.2. Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.3. Metonym y:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...4. Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongueLesson 91.Metaphor eg:Mark Twain is Mirror of America2.Metonymy eg: His pen would prove mightier than his pickax 2. Simile:Most American remember M. T. as the father of......a memory that seemed phonographic3. Hyperbole:...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom... The cast of characters... - a cosmos.4. Personification:life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude...The grave world smiles as usual...Bitterness fed on the man...Personal tragedy haunted his entire life5. Antithesis:...between what people claim to be and what they really are...6. Euphemism:...men's final release from earthly struggle7. Alliteration:...the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...8. Metonymy:...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe。
英语修辞手法rhetorical devices
Lesson PlanTeaching Material: Advanced EnglishTeaching Content: Unit 7 Everyday UseTime: 20 minutesAnalysis of the students:Students have some basic knowledge of rhetorical devices but they still have some difficulty in comparing and mastering the major rhetorical devices.Teaching Objectives:At the end of this class,Ss are able to recognize different kinds of rhetorical devices;Ss are able to compare the differences between some rhetorical devices, like simile & metaphor;Ss are able to appreciate the beauty of language by using rhetorical devices;Ss are able to create their own sentences by using some rhetorical devices.Key Points & Difficult Points:Form a sharp feeling to rhetorical devices that used in the passage;Lead students put rhetorical devices into their writing.Teaching Procedure：Step 1: Lead in (2minutes)1. Greet the students2. Compare a short paragraph with two versions—one with rhetorical devices another one without rhetorical devices.(In this part, we will rise students’ interest by feeling the magic of rhetorical devices with an example, and then lead to today’s topic.)Step 2: Presentation (7minutes)Give the definition of each rhetorical devices with proper examples.1. Present the definition of simile2. Compare simile with metaphor3. Present the definition of sarcasm and irony and comparison of them4. Complement of other rhetorical devices such as rhetorical question, alliteration, metonymy and repetition.Step 3: Practice and consolidation(7minutes)1. Lead students to appreciate the use of rhetorical devices such as simile, metaphor, irony and some other rhetorical devices.Step 4: Summary (3minutes)Review the key rhetorical devices and sum up the function of rhetorical devices.Step 5: Homework (1minute)1. Ask students to write a short passage of what is love by using rhetorical devices.2. Ask students to find out all the rhetorical devices in unit7.。
高级英语一 修辞格归纳
《高级英语（一）》修辞格归纳英语修辞格种类1.音韵修辞格(phonological rhetorical devices)音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。
主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration、assonance（元韵）、consonance（辅韵）等。
2.词义修辞格(semantic rhetorical devices)主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。
主要包括simile, metaphor, allusion（典故）, metonymy, transferred epithet, personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, zeugma（轭式修饰法）, contrast 等。
3.句法修辞格(syntactical rhetorical devices)主要是指通过句子结构的均衡布局或是突出重点创造出来的修辞手法。
这类辞格主要包括repetition, rhetorical question, parallelism, antithesis, apostrophe （顿呼）等。
Anti-climax 渐降、突降法It is the opposite of Climax (渐升、层进法). A climbing down from strong to weak, from most impressive to less impressive. It is often used in humorous writing.1.For God, for American, and for Yale.2.The duties of a solider are to protect his country and peel potatoes.3.O dear!What shall I do?I have lost my beau and lipstick too.4.I love my motherland,I love my people,I love my wife and my son and my daughter,I also love my pretty little dog.幽默风趣讽刺嘲笑出人意料Climax 渐升、层进法A figure of speech in which a series of words or ideas is arranged in order of increasing importance.1.We’re low---we’re very low---we’re very very low, as low as low can be.2.The audience smiled, chuckled and finally howled.3.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed anddigested.4.He who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a friend loses more; but he who loses courageloses all.5.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.Rhetorical Question 修辞问句Asking a question whose answer is self-evident intended to stir emotions.A question requiring no answer.不需要回答,其答案寓于问句的反面, 其作用是加强语气,表达强烈的感情, 以引起读者或听者深思。
修辞手法 Rhetorical devices
Simile
• A simile is a figure of speech which makes a
comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.
• the difference between simile and metaphor is that simile points out the similarity between two compared things directly, while metaphor does not do like that and its meaning is implied, you have to read between the line.
我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.
那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
Jeff looked as if he had seen a ghost.
杰夫的神情就好像见到鬼似的。
metapha figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily and primarily denotes one thing is applied to another in an implied comparison.
没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫瑰。
He has a heart of stone. 他铁石心肠。
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Synecdoche提喻
• 局部—整体；抽象—具体； 单数—复数；原料—成品 • She has got five mouths to feed. • Aunt Melissa is my admiration. • Drawing is his bread and butter. • Australia beat Canada at cricket. • Where did you buy this cotton ? • His death made our team lose a strong arm.
Irony
• I lost my wallet and the key to the apartment last night. Was I lucky enough? • She is as slender in the middle as a cow in the waist. • It must be delightful to find yourself in a strange city without a cent in your pocket. • What a nice and warm day today? (Actually, it’s cold and cloudy. )
Metonymy转喻,换喻
• The pen is mightier than the sword. • The kettle is boiling. • What you learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. • Her heart ruled over her head. • The gray hair should be respected by the society. • He is another Shylock.
• 4) The research shows that translation problems are primarily language problems, that the translator must have a good command of both languages, and that a translator weak in any language must upgrade it. • 5) Anne is a person of poor understanding, little information, and uncertain temperament.
Euphemism
• She is resting in peace forever. • His wife now needs to eat for two. • She is feeling her own age now. • More attention must be paid to the underachievers in the class. • One of the kids wrote four-letter words in his composition.
Hyperbole
• She is starving. • Maggie smiles and the whole world is happy. • I have tried millions of times but it did not work. • We have not met you for ages. • This box weighs a ton. • The movie almost scared us to death.
Rhetorical question
• Who knows? ( No one knows.) • What is the use of it? ( It is useless.) • Can a man be too cruel to his mother’s enemy? (A man can not be too cruel to his mother’s enemy.) • And who among us is without faults? ( All of us have faults.) • Are you dreaming to change your own future? Why not try? ( You may have a try.) • How can I forget all these? ( I can’t forget all these.)
Onomatopoeia拟声词
• Onomatopoeia is the formation of words to imitate natural sounds. The buzz of a bee, the hoot of an owl, and the fizz of soda water are examples of words created from the natural sound. • 各类物体的响声:
• 3) I am convinced that we can succeed, and I am convinced that we must succeed. • 4) We are now living in a new era, and a new era of reform is always full of ventures and chances.
Rhetorical Devices
examples
Metaphor
• Greece was the cradle of western culture. • Mary was trapped in the net of lies. • Learning is climbing up the mountain. • His voice thundered in his office. • Some books are to be tasted, some to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
Personification
• The wave is kissing the shore near the cliff. • The hall applauded for his wonderful speech. • The house was cold, closed, and unfriendly. • The sun stretches its warmth across the land. • I think the machine is being uncooperative. • ithet移位修饰法
• 这是英语语言学分支修辞学的一种重要的修辞 手法。它将描写甲事物性状的词语移来描写乙 事物的性状。 • 1、 形容词由指人转移到指物，即从具有某种 特性的人转到与这种特性相关的物 The enemy fled in a blind haste. Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed, smiling attention. a happy day; sleepy language; a smiling reply; a wise choice; cold facts; trembling terror; blood money; angry brow [怒容]; a fiery temper; nervous hours 2、 形容词由指物转移到指人 He is a straightforward person. My father is a solemn scholar of physics
pun
• We must all hang together, or we shall hang separately. • You will go nuts for the nuts you get in Nux. • Seven days without water makes one weak. • What do lawyers do when they die? Lie still. • What’s wrong with this fish? — Long time no sea (see). • What flower does everybody have on the face? — Everybody has tulips ( two lips) on the face.
Antithesis
• To err is human; to forgive, divine. • Love is an ideal thing, and marriage a real thing. • It is easy to say, but hard to do. • I agree that it is legal， but I wonder if it is moral. • Speech is silver, silence gold.
Parallelism
• 1) Reading makes us wise while exercises make us strong. • 2) Thinking logically, speaking eloquently and writing explicitly are important elements of good communication. • 3) From my observation, many people today spend their time receiving more and more education, working more and more hours, and making more and more money.
声音名称
响声
英文