高级英语第六课
高英第六课
Cluttered:
covered with ,or full of ,a lot of things or people, in a way that is untidy. A cluttered mind
Bulletin: n 1. a short news report on the radio or TV . 2.an official statement about something important 3.a printed report that gives news about an organization or a group. eg: A medical bulletin on the President’s health. 关于总统健康状况医疗报告。in place
1.在适当的地方 She likes to have everything in place. 她喜欢每件东西都各就各位。 2. 适当的 I‘m afraid your proposal is not quite in place. 恐怕你的提案不太妥当
out of place（反义词） （反义词）
paragraph11
average
1. adj. an average rate/cost/price 平均费率/成本/价格 2. n. above/below average高于/低于平均数 e.g. Her brother is above average in his reading ability. 他的阅读能力在平均水平以上。 3. n. on average: usually e.g. We received 20 calls a day on average. 我们平均每天接到二十个电话。 4. v. average out（at sth）平均数为 e.g. The cost should average out at about $6 per person. 费用应该是平均每人约6美元。 5. v. average sth out（at sth ）算出…平均数
高级英语第六课 从天窗中消失
第六课从天窗中消失1. How does the writer substantiate his statement that science is committed to the universal? There are broad agreemants about the basic concepts of science, for example, there is only a single science of thermodynamics whose basic concepts are accepted by all countries, including such diverse countries as China, Americaor the Soviet Union. For a short time there were two genetics, a Soviet genetics as proposed by Lysenko and a Western genetics. However, Soviet Lysenko' s theories were refuted and in 1956 the Soviet Union accepted the Western genetic concepts.2. How does technology exhibit this universalizing tendency?It makes the world look more and more uniform. Different styles in architecture, dress, music and eating that exist in various countries and among different people are tending to disappear. They are being replaced by more uniform styles or world styles. The houses the people live in, the cars they drive, etc. , are becoming more alike.3. How does the automobile illustrate this universalizing tendency?A technological innovation in the manufacture of automobiles like streamlining or all-welded body construction may be initiated by one company in one country, but when it proves to make cars more efficient and cheaper, it is soon adopted universally by all automobile manufacturers. Today, the basic features of an automobile are to be found in automobiles in general, no matter who makes them. Besides this feature, all large automakers are now international companies. Americans have auto plants in Europe, Asia and South America, and Europeans and Japanese have plants in America and South America, and so on.4. How has man become cosmopolitan?He drives cars that have the same basic features. When he goes shopping, he finds the climate in all the shops is the same because they are all similarly air-conditioned. When he travels he finds all the airports to be familiar because they are all constructed along similiar lines and the hotels to have the same amenities. In a word, he finds himself at home in all countries and places.5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a cosmopolitan?He no longer has a fixed home with all the emotional ties144 that are usually attached to such a home with its fixed location surrounded by well-known neighbors, etc. His home is now everywhere and he is always surrounded by all kinds of neighbors. He feels the old home limited his activities and his emotions.6. What does Madame Gabrille Buffet-Picabia say about "machine aesthetic"?She says in the past artists regarded machines and machinelike structures like the Eiffel Tower in Paris as ugly and irreverent. After 1949 the artists discovered a new beauty in machines which could now be shaped and moulded very easily into various artistic designs.7. What is the "real world" according to the writer?The writer doesn’t t directly answer the question. He says science has now thrown doubt on "the thingliness of things". It does not produce the material objects we see with our eyes but images, geometric and mathematical, of the reality underlying these things. It has made the world rather "insubstantial". The writer in his prologue states: "Today, nature has slipped, perhaps finally, beyond our field of vision. We can imitate it in mathematics -- we can even produce convincing images of it -- but we can never know it. We can only know our own creations.8. How is the playfulness of modern aesthetic displayed?. It is displayed in the architectural styles found in cities of the developed world -- styles thattypify collage city and urban adhocism. It is also displayed in the mosaic architecture of facadism and the playful theme parks and museum villages. It abounds in images and sounds and values utterly different from those of the world of natural things seen from a middle distance.9. Why do the banks appear to be disappearing through their own skylights?The banks are no longer the solid, ponderous buildings of the past but airy structures Of steel and glass. People need not go to the banks directly for many financial transactions which can now be carried out in stores or trailers with slot- machinelike terminals linked to the banks. Money is now recorded, erased, processed and reprocessed as digital signals by a computer.Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1. Sum up the main views of the writer and comment on how they are organized and presented.ment on the use of topic sentences.ment on the use of the present tense and universal statements.ment on the use of some figurative language. Cite examples.5.What stylistic features of scientific English are to be found in this piece.9 Cite examples.Ⅲ.1.In the passage, the writer puts forward his central theme of "disappearance" -- nature disappears, history disappears and even the solid banks disappear. Besides expressing the central theme of the book, the metaphorical phrase, "Disappearing Through the Skylight", is used also specifically in this chapter to describe the changed appearance of modern banks which seem to be disappearing. The second important idea he puts forward is the universalizing tendency of science and technology. The basic concepts of science are understood, accepted and adopted by scientists all over the world. There is only one science of thermodynamics, genetics, etc. This universalizing effect is reflected in architectural styles, dress styles, musical styles, etc. They all tend to become world styles. The third concept is, "If man creates machines, machines in turn shape their creators. " The modern man is no longer a unique individual, the product of a special environment and culture. The homogeneous world he now lives in universalizes him. He becomes a cosmopolitan, a citizen of the world. Finally, the disappearance of history is a form of liberation and this feeling of liberation is often expressed through play. the playfulness of science has produced game theory and virtual particles, in art it has puoduced the paintings of Picasso and Joan Miro and so on.2. The writer' s views are generally clearly and succinctly presented as a topic sentence at the beginning of each paragraph and then developed or illustrated in the paragraph itself. or by succeeding paragraphs. For example, the first sentence in the opening paragraph is a topic sentence that presents a very important view of the writer, "Science is committed to the universal. " This idea of universality is developed and illustrated in the five paragraphs that follow and each paragraph that follows also has its own topic sentence. The organizational pattern is very clear and logical.3. The writer uses tha present tense and universal statements to attain the goal of objectivity.4. The writer uses figurative language freely to make his ideas more vivid and forceful. Readers can find many metaphors, analogies, rhetorical questions, repetition and balanced structure, etc. in this piece. The very title of this piece, " Disappearing Through the Skylight ", is a metaphorical phrase that immediately stirs the imagination of readers.5. A lot of scientific and technical terms are used in this piece, such as thermodynamics, genetics, genetic mutations, etc. Many sentences are complex and compound ones; some of them, though simple sentences, are complicated in structure, for example, "The skepticism of modern science "" from the soul. " "It surrounds its citizens with "-" and geodesic domes and lunar landers. " Allthese are stylistic features.。
高级英语第六课
Lesson sixBlackmailThe First Period (3 hours)I. Teaching Objectivesintroduction to the excerptfrom the beginning to the second paragraph on page 97II. Difficult and important pointbackground knowledgestylistic meaning of English vocabularywords for psychological statedifficult sentencesIII. Classroom Activitiesexplaininganswering questionstranslatingDetaild Study of the Text1. The chief house officer, Ogilvie, who had declared he would…took twice that lime: The chief house officer, Ogilvie, gave the Croydons a mysterious telephone call telling them he would pay lit an hour later,but actually he appeared 81 their suite1) chief house officer: Hotels in the U. S. employ detectives to take care of hotel security, celled ‘house dicks’, dignified appellation—house officer.2) suite: a set of rooms. A suite in a hotel is usually expensive. The suite the Croydons are staying in is St. Gregory Hotel's largest and most elaborate, called the Presidential Suite, which has housed, according to the book, a succession of distinguished guests, including visiting presidents and royalty.3) cryptic telephone call: The message over the phone was brief and with mysterious implications.4) actually took twice that time: He was slow in coming because he wanted to create the impression that he was a busy and important man and to keep the Croydons on tenterhooks.2. the Duke: (in Britain) a nobleman, whose rank is just below that of a prince. Below the duke are the marquis, earl, viscount and baron.3. the Duchess: wife or widow of a duke, or a woman with a rank equal to that of duke4. the nerves of both the Duke and Duchesswere excessively frayed: the nerves of both the duke and duchess were worn out by the long wait, were over-strained. Both the Duke and Duchess were extremely nervous. More examples with the word fray:Clothes frayed at the neck, knees, etc.Frayed cuffs, button-holes, etcTempers become frayed.the muted buzzer: muted to render the noise of the bell less harsh and stridentshe had dispatched her maid on an invented errand: they sent her out to get her out of the way; the ‘errand’ being just an excuse, a trip which was not necessary. Obviously the talk between Ogilvie and the Croydons had to be kept a secret.the moon-faced male secretary: The use of male before secretary is to avoid possibility of the reader’s assuming otherwise, for is to avoid possibility Note: male nurse, man servant, but woman doctors, woman pilot. ‘Moon-faced’ means having a round face. The young man’s appearance is in keeping with his timid character( fear of pet animals).cruelly instructed: ‘cruel’ because they knew the secretary was terrified of dogs. They could easily have found some other errand for him.to exercise the Bedlington terriers: to walk the dogs, to take the dogs out and give them some exercise. The bedlington terrier is a breed of blur or liver-colored, woolly-coated, active, typically small dogs. The terriers are a status symbol showing that that the Duchess is no ordinary dog owner. And the fact that they can keep dog in a hotel suite proves they are very important people.10. Her own tension was not lessened…: Ogilvie had telephoned to say that he would be at the suit in an hour. The Duchess made arrangement for the maid and the secretary to be away when he called. But he was an hour late, and the maid and the secretary might return at any moment. The Duchess knew this and it made her nerveous.11. A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in: to smoke a cigar in the presence of a lady without asking for permission is impolite and the being familiar. He comes into the room smoking his cigar. Ogilvie is a coarse, vulgar, and uneducated fellow and because he thinks he has the Croydons under his thumb theDuchess ‘looked pointedly’, that is, directly and sharply at the cigar, trying to intimidate him with her superior social position.12. Would you kindly put that out.: a period in stead of a question make, indicating it is said in a falling tone, meant to be a command, not a polite request13. piggy eyes: small, narrow eyes lost in the mass of flesh. Ogilvie is one if the ‘bad guys’ in this novel. He has piggy eyes, a gross jowled face, an obese body, speaks in falsetto, is vulgar, unscrupulous, ill-mannered, to the point of throwing his cigar on the carpet. Some examples, to the point of throwing his cigar on the carpet. Some examples with the word pig: Don’t be a pig. ( Don’t be greedy.)He is a pig. ( He is a dirty, greedy or ill-mannered person.)I’ve made a pig of myself. (I’ve eaten too much)14. surveyed her sardonically: He looked her up and down scornfully because he had evidence of their crime up his sleeve and felt sure that in moment he would be able to humble her and bring her to her knees. Note the different meanings of the following words:sardonic: being scornful, cynicalsardonic: intending to hurt the feelings, to inflict pain by deriding, tauntingsardonic: intending to make a person or thing appear foolish or absurdironical: a humorous or sarcastic form of expression in which the intended meaning of what is said is directly opposite to the usual sense.15. to sweep the spacious, well-appointed room: His glance passes swiftly over the big, excellently furnished and arranged room.16. who faced them uncertainly: Besides having a weak character, the Duke is over fond of liquor and other men’s wives, and so is submissive to the Duchess, herself a woman of strong character, a known public figure and cousin of the queen. After the road accident, it was the Duchess who masterminded the cover-up and the Duke wasn’t quite sure of what to say to Ogilvie or what to do, he was afraid of messing things up.17. “Pretty neat set-up you folks got: Ogilvie’s language is ungrammatical, vulgar and slangy. Neat is slangy, meaning nice fine;a general term of approval. Set-up, a noun,meaning arrangement of furniture, etc. A better educated person might say: “This is a pretty nice room that you have got.”For Ogilie’s ungrammatical language, see Note 4 to the text.Here are some more examples form the text: Whether they got fancy titles neither-whether they had fancy title or notI seen you come in –I saw you come inthe kid and the woman was hit—were hit‘f she’d have drove—if she had driven, etc.18. an ornamented fireplace: a fake one, not for use. It is there to add to the decor of the suite.cf. an ornamented fireplace: a highly decorated one19. He missed: His cigar butt did not fall inside the fireplace as he had intended it to.20. I imagine you did not come here to discuss decor: I suppose you did not come here merely to discuss the arrangement of the furniture and other decorations of this suite, what she meant was “Speak your mind. Don’t waste time.” She purposely used the word decor, imagining Ogilvie would be awed. Unlike Ogilive, the Duchess always speaks the Queen’s English, using strictly grammatical structures and shoosing her words carefully, sometimes to the extent of being pompous.21. an appreciative chuckle: mainly self appreciative. When hotel employee goes to a guest’s room, usually he goes there on business and no familiarity is allowed. But here Ogilvie was enjoying the fact that he could afford to do whatever he liked. He love being in a position of temporary supremacy. Also he appreciated the fact that the Duchess was no fool. She knew why he had come.22. He lowered the level of his incongruous falsetto voice: He had an unnaturally high-pitched voice. When he spoke now, he lowered the pitch.incongruous: This falsetto voice sounded funny coming from a thickset man like Ogilvie.23. Jaguar: a brand of very expensive British made sports car24. "Aah" : Now the Duke knew what the man was there for. The sound escaping his lips showed that the Duke was startled and perhaps a bit relieved that things had now come out into the open.25. a warning glance: The Duke had made a blunder the night before by mentioning the car in front of the hotel's assistant general manager when his wife was Trying hard to establish something of an alibi. Now the wile was warning him not to blunder again.26. “In what conceivable way does our car concern you?” : I can hardly imagine how our car could in any way concern you. Why are you so interested in our car?27. "Who else is in this place?": first indication that he did not come with an honest purpose, for why should he desire secrecy28. It was the Duke who answered: The Duke realized that Ogilvie had found them out as soon as he heard that the latter was coming to talk to them. He didn't think what the Duchess had done or would do could improve the situation. So he was eager to cooperate with Ogilvie.29. We sent them out: another blunder, as good as admitting that they knew what Ogilvie had come for and that they had things to hide 30. it pays to check: to be profitable or worthwhile to check. Oilier examples:1) it pays to think before you speak. 2) It’ll pay in keep a diary in English.31. surprising speed- surprising because you wouldn't expect a fat man like him lo move quickly32. "Now then": used lo call attention or lo express a warning or protest33. "You two was in that hit-'n-run": You tow are guilty of that hit-and-run accident. Hit-and-run is usually used to describe a driver who flees from the scone of an accident in which he is involved.34. She met his eyes directly: to pretend that she was innocent of what he accused her of and therefore dared to take up the challenge 35. "This in for r eal.”: I'm no t joking. This is something serious. for real: (slang) meaning real, really36. bit off the end: In order to light up a fresh cigar one end of it has to be clipped. Coarse people like Ogilvic just bit it off.37. "There's been plenty on radio, too. ": There have been a lot of reports about the accident on the radio, too.38. Two high points of colour: The Duchess' cheeks flushed, not evenly, but around the cheek bones. She was upset and a bit scared.But at the moment she was pretending indignation.39. cut it out: (colloquial) to slop what she was doing, i.e. pretending they were innocent40. The words spat forth: According to grammar, it should be: "The words were spat forth", or "Ogilvie spat out the words". Perhaps the author here wants to make it more dramatic by having "the words" following right after what he had just said, instead of saying "he spat out the words". Also, "the words spat forth" is more forceful and vivid than "the words were spat forth."41. all pretense of blandness gone: nominative absolute construction with a noun phrase plus a past participle. Ogilvie threw away his pretended politeness.Some other examples of the same construction from the text:his eyes sardonically on the Duchess (n.+ prepositional phrase)you driving (pron. +present participle)her poise for the moment recovered (n. +past participle)42. Ignoring the Duke, Ogilvie waved the unlighted cigar under his adversary's nose: He knew that the Duchess was the stronger character of the two and it was she that he had to deal with, so she was his enemy.43. your high-an'-mightiness: high and mighty: very proud, (the correct way to address a Duke or a Duchess is "Your Grace"). Ogilvie addressed her this way in imitation of "Your Highness", Jo mock her haughty attitude.44. burnin' mad: burning mad; very angry45. high-tailed it: (colloquial) leave in a hurry, scurry off46. they'll throw the book, and never mind who ii hits: They’ll deal out the maximum in punishment, to apply the full force of the law and they will be punished in this case. To throw the book is an idiom, in which the word book means I the law book. It refers to the book. Here Ogilvic follows the metaphor through.47. if I do what by rights I should, ... you'll hardly see 'em: If 1 do what I should do in justice (that is, to report what 1 know to police headquarters), a group of policemen will come over here very fast, so fast that you wouldn't be able to see them moving.48. so’s: so as, so that49. ’f you want i t the other way: if you refuse lo tell me the truth and prefer to have the law lo interfere50. The Duchess of Croydon—three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her—did not yield easily: The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from parents of noble families who belonged to tho nobility For more than three hundred years. So she did not give in easily.51. she faced the grossness of the house detective squarely: She stood up boldly and rebuked d the coarse vulgarity of the house detective.52. blackguard: scoundrel, villain53. flickered wavered54. "It’s no go, old girl It was a good try.": It's no use. What you did just now was a good attempt at trying to save the situation. Here the phrase no go is a colloquialism, meaning not possible; without use or value. Old girt is an informal way of addressing one's wife. 55. "That's more like it.” : said when a second thing said by the other person sounds more acceptable. plausible, or less objectionable than the first one 56. “Now we’re getting somewhere.”: Now we’re making some progress, accomplishing something.57. "I'll spell it out": I'll tell you frankly and in detail.58. The house detective took his time: It is the second time that Ogilvie has done so, both limes lo make the impact of what he is going to say on the Croydons even stronger.59. as if challenging her objection: as if openly daring her lo object to his smoking a cigar, as she had done earlier; as if he wanted too see if the Duchess dared to object to his smoking 60. Bin beyond wrinkling her nose in distaste, she made no comment: She only wrinkled her nose to show her dislike for the of-fending cigar smell, but did not rebuke him.61. Lindy’s Place: a gambling joint, a gambling nightclub, a casino62. Irish Bayou: bayou [beiu:] a French word,a marsh. New Orleans was colonized by the French, so a lot of places there have French names.63. fancy Jaguar: Fancy here means expensive and superior model (car).64. Leastways, I guess you'll all her that ifyou’re not too fussy: I guess if you are not too particular about what words to use, at least you'd rail her your lady friend. Here Ogilvie is trying to get at him. It’s more than obvious that be was not really with a friend, but a high class whore.65. As Ogilvie glanced, grinning, at the Duchess Ogilvie is rubbing it in, enjoying himself over the wounded pride of an arrogant wife.66. The way I hear it, you won a hundred at the tables then lost it at the bar: From what I hear, you won a hundred dollars in gambling and then spent the money drinking.67. You were into a second hundred—with a real swinging party: You were beginning to spend another hundred dollars of your own ( the hundred won in gambling had already been spent) to treat a merry and lively party.68. There ain’t much, out of the way, which people who stay in this hotel do, I don’t get to hear about: if anybody who stays in this hotel does anything wrong, improper or unusual, I always get to know about it. There isn’t much that can escape me.Out of the way: improper, wrong, unusual 69. I suppose it doesn’t matter: You already know so much, I might as wall as well tell you this, it won’t make much difference now.70. clucked his tongue reprovingly: He made noises with his tongue to show his disapproval. How can you be so careless! The expoliceman was playacting, gloating over their misfortune.71. took off home: left for home72. the way things turned out: judging from what happened later73. Explains that one: This fact explains why you were driving in your sodden state; driving when you were drunk.74. lickered up: liquored up, drunk Compare:Liquor: an alcoholic drink, esp. one made by distillation, as whiskey or rum (neat whiskey) Wine: mainly grape wine ( sweet or dry wine)Soft drinks: non-alcoholic, like soda pop Chaser: a mild drink, taken with or after liquor75. Then you don’t know: The Duchess thought it was all Ogilvie’s conjecture and that he didn’t really have any evidence against them. She thought he didn’t have any caseagainst them.76. Looked right shaken, too , the pair of you: You two looked extremely upset (shocked). 77. Just come in myself an’ I got to wondering why: I had just come in myself and began to wonder why (you two looked shaken).78. the word was out: The news about the accident was spreading around. Some expressions with word:a word of advice (warning)say a good word for sb.have a word with sb. (talk with sb.)have words with (quarrel)give sb. one's word (promise )be as good as one's word/break one's word/a man of his word in so many wordsword for word79. On a hunch I went over to the garage: As I suspected and felt there was something wrong, I went over to the garage to inspect.hunch: a feeling about something not based on known facts: premonition or suspicion. The meaning derives from the superstition that it brings good luck lo touch a hunch-back.I have a hunch that...: I rather think that ...80. look-see: (slang) n quick look or inspection81. jockeys: usu. professional rider in horse-races, here it means persons who park cars or trucks in a storage garage, also called car jockeysdisc jockeys: radio or TV broadcaster who introduces performances and comments on records or tapes of light popular music82. I suppose that doesn't matter now: Now that our secret has been discovered, whether the jockeys sec the car or not doesn’t matter now.83. You might have something there: There might be a point in what you say.84. Over there they got three things to go on: At police headquarters, they have three clues to base their investigation on.85. dust it, an' it shows: Sprinkle some kind of powder on the car fender and the brush trace shows up.86. Ain' any doubt they'd match up, even without the brush trace an’ the blood: I haven't any doubt, there isn't any doubt that the trim ring that had come off the car and the busied headlight will correspond. That will be enough for the police to identify the car even withoutthe brush trace and the blood on the car fender.ain’t: (colloquial) am not, is not, are not have not.87. Oh, my God: Ogilvie mentioned the blood slain casually as if it was not important, or it had just come to his mind. In fact he had been saving it the last moment as a death blow to the Croydons. He succeeded in achieving this effect.The Second Period (3 hours)I. Teaching Objectives1. the rest of the textII. Difficult and important pointstylistic meaning of English vocabularywords for psychological statedifficult sentencesIII. Classroom Activitiesexplaininganswering questionstranslatingDetailed Study of the Text 88. square his shoulders: to show he is ready to face the consequences, he is brave, not afraid of what is. to come89. took on a musing note: his voice sounded as if he was deep in thought. He was going to put all his cards on the table now that he had made it sufficiently clear to the Cioydons that I hey were in his hands.90. Rushing any place ain't gonna bring back the kid nor its motherneither: ungrammatical. It should be: Rushing to any place (to police headquarters ) isn't going lo make the kid and its mother come to Life again. Note the double negative here, which is used in uneducated speech.91. The other two slowly raised their eyes: It began to dawn on them that the detective had no intention of handing them over to the police.92. But I got to live too- a stock phrase when someone is asking to be given money or is accused of trying lo extract too much money 93. Tell us now, please: first, civil word from the Duchess, She realizes it is best for her to cooperate.94. we'd become turned round: We lost our way, we were going in a direction opposite tothe one we intended to take.95. who was headed out: more sense of completion than "was heading out". It means they had taken that direction and had gone some distance in that direction. Somebody who was driving away from the town.96. the outside towns: small towns around a big city, here outside New OrleansOutlying towns would be more common. 97. got around to: to get started on, esp. after a delay98. it won't be yet: That won't lake place yet.99. Providin' nobody twigs the car: It should be: Provided (or providing) that nobody notices the car.twig: (from thieves' slang) observe, notice 100. an' seein' where it is, etc.: If you are lucky nobody might no hotel garage.101. An' if you can get it away: And if you can get the car away, you might not be suspected at all.102. to holler "cops": to cry "police", to call the police103. You people are hot: Your are now wanted by the police.104. kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind: She kept firm and tiger control of her mind which is working quickly. Here the Duchess is thinking quickly but at the same time keeping her thoughts under control, not letting them run wild.105. It was essential that her thinking remain calm and reasoned: It was very important for her to think calmly and logically, Note the subjunctive mood in the "that" clause.Other example:1) It is natural that beginners should make such mistakes.2) It is essential that everybody take part in it. 106. as if the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself: as if the discussion were about some unimportant domestic matter, not concerned will life and death107. her husband now a tense but passive spectator: Nominative absolute construction with a noun plus a noun. Her husband watched anxiously and nervously, incapable of taking an active108. Same thing with the glass: With the glass (as with the trim ring) the police can trace the make, model and year of the car.109. calculated coolness; She was not cool, in fact, her mind was racing, but she deliberately appeared to be cool.110. a slim one: (colloquial) a small chance 111. incriminating evidence' evidence that might prove sb. guilty of a crime112. highway patrol: police cars on highway patrol duty113. to fall victim to some sharp-eyed policeman: to be seen and arrested by an observant and alert policeman114. it might be done: They might succeed in escaping. The plan might work.115. but no more than waiting here for certain detection: To drive the car north would be risky, but not more risky than to wail here, because if they did nothing, they would surely be discovered.116. back roads: out-of-the-way, unfrequented loads.117. an unlikely route: not a route that ordinary people would take;a route which the police didn't think they would be likely to take118. other complications: other factors which would make it difficult for them to drive the car north themselves119. secondary roads: roads not of primary importance whose classification and maintenance vary according lo township, county,and state regulations120. adept at using maps: skilled in using maps Examples1) He is adept in photography.2) He is adept at (or in) taking pictures.121. their speech and manner would betray them: Their speech dud manner would reveal their identity.Betray: reveal unknowingly, or against one's wishesExamples:He said he had stayed indoors all day, but his shoes betrayed him.His face betrayed his fear.122. Or had they?: second thought which contradicts the first one Had they (the risks) to be taken?The Duchess suddenly realized that the y didn’t have to take the risks of driving the car north themselves.Other examples;He must buy that book. Or must he? (He didn’thave to.)If it had been anyone else, he would have agreed. Or would he? (Maybe not.)123. pretty well fixed: quite rich, wealthy fixed: (colloquial) supplied with something needed, esp. money, e.g. well fixed for life 124. As the Duke of Croydon shifted uneasily, the house detective's bulbous countenance reddened: Both the Duke and detective though, the Duchess had refused the offer. The Duke felt very uneasy; he’d rather pay the money In keep Ogilvie quiet.125. Eyes bored into him: looked at him steadily, sharply and searchinglybore: make a hole in, used here figuratively 126. swallowing: to refrain from retorting because he is somewhat cowered by the Duchess127. her own smallness of mind: her own meanness or weakness of mind. What she is about to do may be extremely significant to her and her husband. She has to lake a big chance, to do something very daring, so she must be bold, resolute and decisive. She has to rise to the occasion.128. When you were playing for the highest stakes, you made the highest bid: Stake and hid are gambling terms. Here the sentence means: You had to pay the highest price when your reputation and career were at stake. 129. gamble on the fat man's greed: She would take a chance on this fat man's greed.130. She must do so in such a way as to place the outcome beyond any doubt: She would offer him so much money as to make it impossible for him to refuse to do what she would ask him to in return, no matter how dangerous the job might be.131. eyes bulged: with greed132. watched intently: To the Duchess, it was a question of survival itself. Only it Ogilvie agreed to drive their car north would they have a chance to get out of the mess unscathed.133. "This cigar botherin' you, Duchess?": If this cigar is bot hering you, I’ll pit it out. This shows that he is willing to com. ply with the Duchess’ wishes.The Third Period (2 hours)I. Teaching Objectives1. the exercises accompanying the text II. Difficult and important pointtranslationclipping words and compound adjectivesword conversiondifference in stylistic meaningfixed collectionoral work and summery-writingIII. Classroom Activitiesdiscussingblack-fillingcommentingIV. ProceduresExercise SixIV. Write out the full words1) advertisement 2) brassiers 3) doctor 4) refrigerator 5) gymnasium 6 ) high fidelity (radio, photography, etc.)7)intercommunication system 8) liberation 9) memorandum 10) microphone 11) modern 12 )permanent wave 13)poliomyelitis 14) popular0song 15)preparatory (school) 16) professor 17)sister 18)television 19)veterinarian 20)zoologicalV. Translation1) a half-finished letter 2) a half-closed window 3) a piece of half –baked bread 4)a half-turned body 5)a well-appointed hotel 6)well-behaved pupils 7)well-chosen words 8)well-fed children 9)well-informed(people) 10)high-flown languageVI. Make sentencesSound (v.) His words sound lofty and pretentious.Figure (v.) Commerce figures largely in the prosperity of the city.Go (n.) He is always on the go from early morning till late at night.Try (n.) He didn’t succeed in his first try, but he kept on jumping.Dust (v.) They are dusting the crops with insecticide.Square (v.) He squared his shoulders to show his determination.Good (n.) Overworking yourself will do more harm than good.Head (v.) On hearing that, he headed straight for the gate without looking back.Make (n.) I don’t like a bicycle of this make. Reason (v.) If your reasons from false premises how can you expect the conclusion to be sound?。
高级英语Lesson 6 Mark Twain课文翻译
Lesson 6 Mark Twain ---Mirror of America马克.吐温--美国的一面镜子(节选) 诺埃尔.格罗夫Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed,this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous,patriotic,romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.I found another Twain as well–one who grew cynical,bitter,saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race,who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer,river pilot,Confederate guerrilla,prospector,starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic:The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life,digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days,signaling two fathoms (12feet)of water--a navigable depth.His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print,and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
高级英语上册第6课
高级英语上册第6课A Good ChanceWhen I got to Crow Creek, Magpie was not home. I talked to his wife Amelia.“I need to find Magpie,” I said. “I've really got some good news for him.”I pointed to1the briefcase2I was carrying. “I have his poems and a letter of acceptance from a University in California3 where they want him to come and participate in4the Fine Arts Program5they have started for Indians.”“Do you know that he was on parole6?”“Well, no, not exactly,” I said hesitantly, “I haven't kept in touch with him but I heard that he was in some kind of trouble.” She smiled to me and said, “He's gone a lot. It's not safe around here for him, you know. His parole officer really watches him all the time and sosometimes it is just better for him not to come here. Besides, we haven't been together for a while. I hear he's in town somewhere.”“Do you mean in Chamberlain?”“Yes, I live here with his sister and she said that she saw him there, quite a while ago. But Magpie would not go to California. He would never leave here now even if you saw him and talked to him about it.”“But he did before,”I said. “He went to the University of Seattle.”“Yeah, but... well, that was before,”she said, as though7to finish the matter.“Don't you want him to go?” I asked.Quickly, she responded, “Oh, it's not up to me to say. He isgone from me now. I'm just telling you that you are in for8 a disappointment. He no longer needs the things that people like you want him to need,” she said positively.When she saw that I didn't like her reference to “people like you”, she stopped for a moment and then put her hand on my arm. “Listen,”she said, “Magpie is happy now, finally. He is in good spirits, handsome and free and strong. He sits at the drum and sings with his brothers: he's okay now. When he was saying all those things against the government and against the council, he became more and more ugly and embittered and I used to be afraid for him. But I'm not now. Please, why don't you just leave it alone now?”------------------------------------------------------------------I was sitting at the café with Salina. Abruptly she said, “I don't know where Magpie is. I haven't seen him in four days.”“I've got his poems here with me,”I said. “He has a good chance of going to a Fine Arts school in California, but I have to talk with him and get him to fill out9some papers. I know that he is interes ted.”“No, he isn?t,” she broke in. “He doesn't have those worthless,shitty dreams anymore.”“Don't say that, Salina. This is a good chance for him.”“Well, you can think what you want, but have you talked to him lately? Do you know him as he is now?”“I know he is good. I know he has such talent.”“He's Indian, and he's back here to stay this time.”“Would you drive into Chamberlain with me?” I asked.She said nothing.“If he is Indian as you say, whatever that means, and if he isback here to stay this time and if he tells me that himself, I'll let it go. But Salina,” I urged, “I must talk to him and ask him what he wants to do. You see that, don't you?”“Yes,”she said finally. “He has right to know about this, but you?ll see...”Her heels clicked on the sidewalk in front of the cafe as we left, and she became agitated as she talked. “After all that trouble he gotinto during that protest at Custer when the courthouse was burned, he was in jail for a year. He's still on parole and he will be on parole for another five years and they didn't even prove anything against him! Five years! Can you believe that? People these days can commit murder and not get tha t kind of a sentence.”Elgie was standing on the corner near the Bank as we drove down the main street of Chamberlain, and both Salina and I knew without speaking that this man, this good friend of Magpie's, would know of his whereabouts. We parked the car, Elgie came over and settled himself in the back seat of the car. A police car moved slowly to the corner where we were parked and the patrolmen looked at the three of us intently and we pretended not to notice. The patrol car inched down the empty street and I turned cautiously toward Elgie. Before I could speak, Salina said, “She's got some papers for M agpie. He has a chance to go to a writer's school in California.”Always tentative about letting you know what he was really thinking, Elgie said, “Yeah?”But Salina wouldn't let him get away so noncommittally. “Elgie,” she scoffed. “You know he wouldn't go!”“Well, you know,” Elgie began,”one time when Magpieand me were hiding out after that Custer thing, we ended up on the Augustana College Campus. We got some friends there. And he started talking about freedom and I never forget that, and then after he went to the pen it became his main topic of conversation. Freedom. He wants to be free and you can't be that, man, when they're watching you all the time. Man, that freak that's his parole officer is some mean watch-dog."“You think he might go for the scholarship?” I asked, hopefully.“I don't know. Maybe.”“Where is he?” I asked.There was a long silence. Then Elgie said at last, “I think it's good that you've come, because Magpie needs some relief from thisconstant surveillance, constant checking up. In fact, that's what he always talks about. …If I have to associate with the whites, then I'm not free: there is no liberty in that for Indians.? You should talk to him now. He's changed. He's for10complete separation, segregation, total isolation from the w hites.”“Isn?t that a bit too radical? Too unrealistic?” I asked.“I don't know. Damn if I know."“Yeah,” said Salina, “Just what do you think it would be like for him at that university in California?”“But it's a chance for him to study, to write. He can find a kind of satisfying isolation in that, I think.”After a few moments, Elgie said, “Yeah, I think you are right.”Soon he got out of the back seat and said, “I'm going to walk over the bridge. It's about three block s down there. There is an old, white two-story house on the left side just before you cross the bridge. Magpie's brother just got out of the NebraskaState Reformatory andhe is staying there with his old lady, and that's where Magpie is."At last! Now I could really talk to him and let him make this decision for himself.“There are things about this though,”Elgie said, “Magpie shouldn't have been there, see, because it's a part of the condition of his parole that he stays away from friends and relative and exconvicts and just about everybody. But Jesus, this is his brother. Wait until just before sundown and then come over. Park your car at the service station just around the block from there and walk to the back entrance of the house and then you can talk to Magpie about all this."Salina was talking, telling me about Magpie's return to Crow Creek after months in exile and how his relatives went to his sister's house and welcomed him home. “They came to hear him sing with his brothers, and they sat in chairs around the room and laughed and s ang with him.”Several cars were parked in the yard of the old house as we approached, and Salina, keeping her voice low, said, “Maybe they are having a party.”But the silence which hung about11the place filled me with apprehension, and when we walked in the back door which hung open, we saw people standing in the kitchen, I asked carefully, “What's wrong?”Nobody spoke but Elgie came over, his bloodshot eyes filled with sorrow and misery. He stood in front of us for a moment and then gestured us to go into the living room. The room was filled with people sitting in silence, and finally Elgie said, quietly, “They shot him.”“They picked him up for breaking the conditions of his parole and they put him in jail and... they shot him.”“But why?” I cried. “How could this have happened?”“They said they thought he was resisting and that they were afraid of him."“Afraid?” I asked, incredulously. “But... but... was he armed?"“No,”Elgie said, seated now, his arm on his knees, his head down. “No, he wasn't armed.”I held the poems tightly in my hands, pressing my thumbs, first one and then the other, against12the smoothness of the cardboard folder.1 point to 指向2briefcase 公事包3a University in California 指California的一所大学，并非California University4participate in参加，在许多非正式情况下可以用take part in 替换5 Program 指的是非固定的课程6Be on parole 宣誓后被释放, 被假释7as though 好像，仿佛8Be in for 免不了9 fill out 填写10be for 拥护，赞成11hang about v.闲荡12Press against 使贴着C.1、H is wife is in very poor health, so he is rather hesitant about telling her the bad news.2、H e is a very busy person and has so many engagements that only his secretary knows of his whereabouts.3、I n some areas, in order to provide education to girls, they have segregate classes in schools.4、A s they didn?t have enough time to discuss the plan fully, they could only draw a few1tentative conclusions2.5、T he old man heard the click of the lock and knew that the son?s family had left and he would be alone again.6、“Can I go swimming on Sunday, Dad?”“We?ll see,” he said noncommittal.7、T he children were so noisy that she had to listen veryintently in order to catch the conversation.8、T he news created a lot of agitation in the community.1only a few 仅仅少数, 一点点2draw a conclusion 得出结论，告一段落D.1、S outh Africa used to be a country where black people andwhite people were segregated.2、T he letter from her sister so agitated her that the stayed awake half the night, trying to think of away to get back at her.3、“You haven?t seen him for over a year?”he soundedincredulous.4、N o matter what he said, the only response he got from himwas a noncommittal“I see”.5、T hat plan was too unrealistic to be adopted.6、W hen people looked at him too intently, he felt veryuncomfortable.7、S ince she didn?t know anybody in that city, she was ratherhesitant when accepting the job offer.8、“Do you really think he will give up the position?”hescoffed.F.当我得知喜鹊获得了加利福尼亚州一所大学的奖学金，可以到大学的艺术学院去学习的时候，我为他感到十分高兴。
高级英语Lesson-6-(Book-2)-Disappearing-Through-the-Skylight-课文翻译
Lesson 6 Disappearing Through the Skylight从天窗中消失小奥斯本·本内特·哈迪森科学是能够为人们普遍接受的。
有一个事实可用来说明这一点：一门科学发展程度越高，其基本概念就越能为人们普遍接受。
举例而言，世界上就只有一种热力学，并不存在什么分开独立的中国热力学、美国热力学或者苏联热力学。
在二十世纪的几十年的时间里，遗传学曾分为两派；西方遗传学和苏联遗传学。
后者源于李森科的理论，即环境的作用可能造成遗传基因的变异。
今天，李森科的理论已经被推翻，因此，世界上就只有一种遗传学了。
作为科学的自然产物，工艺技术也显示出一种世界通用的倾向。
这就是为什么工艺技术的发展传播使世界呈现出一体化特征的原因。
原本各异的世界各地的建筑风格、服饰风格、音乐风格——甚至饮食风格——都越来越趋向于变成统一的世界流行风格了。
世界呈现出同一性特征是因为它本来具有同一性。
在这个世界上长大的儿童感受到的是一个千篇一律的世界而不是一个多样化的世界。
他们的个性也受到这种同一性的影响，因此，在他们的感觉中，不同文化和个人之间的差异变得越来越小了。
由于世界各地的建筑越来越千篇一律，居住在这些建筑里的人也越来越千人一面了。
这样带来的结果用一句人们已经听熟的话来描述再恰当不过：历史要消失了。
以汽车为例即可非常清楚地证明这一点。
诸如流线型或全焊接式车身结构一类的技术革新，一开始可能不被人接受，但假如这种技术革新在提高汽车制造业的工作效率和经济效益方面确有巨大作用，它便会一再地以各种变异的形式出现，直到最终它不仅会被接受，而且会被大家公认为是一种宝贵的成果。
今天的汽车再也找不出某个汽车公司或某个民族文化的标志性特征了。
一般的汽车，不管产于何地，其基本特征都大同小异。
几年前，福特汽车公司制造出一种菲爱斯塔牌汽车，并将其称为“世界流行车”。
这种车出现在广告上的形象是周围环绕着世界各国的国旗。
福特公司解释说，这种汽车的汽缸活塞是英国产的，汽化器是爱尔兰造的，变速器是法国产的，车轮是比利时产的，诸如此类，等等等等。
张汉熙《高级英语》第二册第6课课件
2. Writing style:
----- exposition; expository writing
( revision: Narration, Description, Exposition and Argumentation) Definition: Exposition is a type of oral or written discourse that is used to explain, describe, give information or inform. Methods for writing a piece of exposition: ---comparison; definition; exemplification; contrast; illustration, etc.
Part 2: (Para.6-21)
Detailed description of N.Y.
( objective and emotional)
Para. 6: New York: energy, contention and striving Para.7: New York: in the author’s eyes Para.8: New York: Nature Para.9: New York: Opportunities & uncertainness Para.10: New York : in young people’s eyes Para.11: New York: A judging town
高级英语Lesson-6-(Book-2)-Disappearing-Through-the-Skylight-课文
Lesson 6 Disappearing Through the SkylightOsborne Bennet Hardison Jr.1 Science is committed to the universal. A sign of this is that the more successful a science becomes, the broader the agreement about its basic concepts: there is not a separate Chinese or American or Soviet thermodynamics, for example; there is simply thermodynamics. For several decades of the twentieth century there was a Western and a Soviet genetics, the latter associated with Lysenko's theory that environmental stress can produce genetic mutations. Today Lysenko's theory is discredited, and there is now only one genetics.2 As the corollary of science, technology also exhibits the universalizing tendency. This is why the spread of technology makes the world look ever more homogeneous. Architectural styles, dress styles, musical styles--even eating styles--tend increasingly to be world styles. The world looks more homogeneous because it is more homogeneous. Children who grow up in this world therefore experience it as a sameness rather than a diversity, and because their identities are shaped by this sameness, their sense of differences among cultures and individuals diminishes. As buildings become more alike, the people who inhabit the buildings become more alike. The result is described precisely in a phrase that is already familiar: the disappearance of history.3 The automobile illustrates the Point With great clarity. A technological innovation like streamlining or all-welded body construction may be rejected initially, but if it is important to the efficiency or economics of automobiles, it will reappear in different ways until it is not only accepted but universally regarded as an asset. Today's automobile is no longer unique to a given company or even to a given national culture, its basic features are found, with variations, in automobiles in general, no matter who makes them.4 A few years ago the Ford Motor Company came up with the Fiesta, which it called the "World Car." Advertisements showed it surrounded by the flags of all nations. Ford explained that the cylinder block was made in England, the carburetor in Ireland, the transmission in France, the wheels in Belgium, and so forth.5 The Fiesta appears to have sunk Without a trace. But the idea of a world car was inevitable. It was the automotive equivalent of the International Style. Ten years after the Fiesta, all of the large automakers were international. Americans had Plantsin Europe, Asia, and South America, and Europeans and Japanese had plants in America and South America, and in the Soviet Union Fiat Fiat (= Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino ) workers refreshed themselves with Pepsi-Cola). In the fullness of time international automakers will have plants in Egypt and India and the People's Republic of China.6 As in architecture, so in automaking. In a given cost range, the same technology tends to produce the same solutions. The visual evidence for this is as obvious for cars as for buildings. Today, if you choose models in the same price range, you will be hard put at 500 paces to tell one makefrom another. In other words, the specifically American traits that lingered in American automobiles in the 1960s--traits that linked American cars to American history--are disappearing. Even the Volkswagen Beetle has disappeared and has taken with it the visible evidence of the history of streamlining that extends from D'Arcy Thompson to Carl Breer to Ferdinand Porsche.7 If man creates machines, machines in turn shape their creators. As the automobile is universalized, it universalizes those who use it. Like the World Car he drives, modern man is becoming universal. No longer quite an individual, no longer quite the product of a unique geography and culture, he moves from one climate-controlled shopping mall to another, from one airport to the next, from one Holiday Inn to its successor three hundred miles down the road; but somehow his location never changes. He is cosmopolitan. The price he pays is that he no longer has a home in the traditional sense of the word. The benefit is that he begins to suspect home in the traditional sense is another name for limitations, and that home in the modern sense is everywhere and always surrounded by neighbors.8 The universalizing imperative of technology is irresistible. Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war, it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.9 This brings us to art and history again. Reminiscing on the early work of Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp, Madame Gabrielle Buffet-Picabia wrote of the discovery of the machine aesthetic in 1949:"I remember a time ... when every artist thought he owed it to himself to turn his back on the Eiffel Tower, as a protest against the architectural blasphemy with which it filled the sky.... The discovery and rehabilitation of ... machines soon generated propositions which evaded all tradition, above all, a mobile, extra human plasticit y which was absolutely new....”10 Art is, in one definition, simply an effort to name the real world. Are machines "the real world" or only its surface? Is the real world that easy to find? Science has shown the in substantiality of the world. It has thus undermined an article of faith: the thingliness of things. At the same time, it has produced images of orders of reality underlying the thingliness of things. Are images of cells or of molecules or of galaxies more or less real than images of machines? Science has also produced images that are pure artifacts. Are images of self-squared dragons more or less real than images of molecules?11 The skepticism of modern science about the thingliness of things implies a new appreciation of the humanity of art entirely consistent with Kandinsky's observation in On the Spiritual in Art that beautiful art "springs from inner need, which springs from the soul." Modern art opens on a world whose reality is not "out there" in nature defined as things seen from a middle distance but "in here" in the soul or the mind. It is a world radically emptied of history because it is a form of perception rather than a content.12 The disappearance of history is thus a liberation--what Madame Buffet-Picabia refers to as the discovery of "a mobile extra-human plasticity which [is] absolutely new." Like science, modern art often expresses this feeling of liberation through play--in painting in the playfulness of Picasso and Joan Miro and in poetry in the nonsense of Dada and the mock heroics of a poem like Wallace Stevens's "The Comedian as the Letter C."13 The playfulness of the modern aesthetic is, finally, its most striking--and also its most serious and, by corollary, its most disturbing--feature. The playfulness imitates the playfulness of science that produces game theory and virtual particles and black holes and that, by introducing human growth genes into cows, forces students of ethics to reexamine the definition of cannibalism. The importance of play in the modern aesthetic should not come as a surprise. It is announced in every city in the developed world by the fantastic and playful buildings of postmodernism and neo-modernism and by the fantastic juxtapositions of architectural styles that typify collage city and urban adhocism.14 Today modern culture includes the geometries of the International Style, the fantasies of facadism, and the gamesmanship of theme parks and museum villages . It pretends at times to be static but it is really dynamic. Its buildings move and sway and reflect dreamy visions of everything that is going on around them. It surrounds itscitizens with the linear sculpture of pipelines and interstate highways and high-tension lines and the delicate virtuosities of the surfaces of the Chrysler Airflow and the Boeing 747 and the lacy weavings of circuits etched on silicon, as well as with the brutal assertiveness of oil tankers and bulldozers and the Tinkertoy complications of trusses and geodesic domes and lunar landers. It abounds in images and sounds and values utterly different from those of the world of natural things seen from a middle distance.15 It is a human world, but one that is human in ways no one expected. The image it reveals is not the worn and battered face that stares from Leonardo's self-portrait much less the one that stares, bleary and uninspired, every morning from the bathroom mirror. These are the faces of history. It is, rather, the image of an eternally playful and eternally youthful power that makes order whether order is there or not and that having made one order is quite capable of putting it aside and creating an entirely different or the way a child might build one structure from a set of blocks and then without malice and purely in the spirit of play demolish it and begin again. It is an image of the power that made humanity possible in the first place.16 The banks of the nineteenth century tended to be neoclassic structures of marble or granite faced with ponderous rows of columns. They made a statement" "We are solid. We are permanent. We are as reliable as history. Your money is safe in our vaults."17 Today's banks are airy structures of steel and glass, or they are store-fronts with slot-machinelike terminals, or trailers parked on the lots of suburban shopping malls.18 The vaults have been replaced by magnetic tapes. In a computer, money is sequences of digital signals endlessly recorded, erased, processed, and reprocessed, and endlessly modified by other computers. The statement of modern banks is "We are abstract like art and almost invisible like the Crystal Palace. If we exist at all, we exist as an airy medium in which your transactions are completed and your wealth increased."19 That, perhaps, establishes the logical limit of the modern aesthetic. If so, the limit is a long way ahead, but it can be made out, just barely, through the haze over the road. As surely as nature is being swallowed up by the mind, the banks, you might say, are disappearing through their own skylights.(from Disappearing Through The Skylight )--------------------------------------------------------------------NOTES1. Hardison: Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr. was born in San Diego, California in 1928. He was educated at the University of North Carolina and the University of Wisconsin. He has taught at Princeton and the University of North Carolina. He is the author of Lyrics and Elegies (1958), The Enduring Monument (1962), English Literary Criticism: The Renaissance(1964), Toward Freedom and Dignity: The Humanities and the Idea of Humanity(1973), Entering the Maze: Identity and Change in Modern Culture (1981) and Disappearing Through the Skylight (1980).2. Ford Motor Company: one of the largest car manufacturing companies of America3. International Style: as its name indicates, an architectural style easily reproduced and accepted by countries throughout the world. These structures use simple geometric forms of straight lines, squares, rectangles, etc., in their designs. It is often criticized as a rubber-stamp method of design. These structures are meant to be simple, practical and cost-effective.4. Fiat: the biggest Italian car manufacturing company. Fiat is an acronym of the Italian name, Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torina.5. Pepsi-Cola: a brand name of an American soft drink. It is a strong competitor of another well-known American soft drink, Coca-Cola.6. Volkswagen Beetle: model name of a car designed and manufactured by the German car manufacturing company, Volkswagen7.D'Arcy Thompson: D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (1860-1948) placed biology on a mathematical foundation. In his book On Growth and Form. Thompson invented the term Airflow to describe the curvature imposed by water on the body of a fish, The airflow or streamling influenced the future designing of cars and airplanes to increase their speed and reduce air friction.8. Carl Breer: auto-designer, who designed the Chrysler Airflow of 1934.9. Ferdinand Porshe: auto-designer of the original Volkswagen10. Holiday Inn: name adopted by a hotel chain11. Picabia: Francis Picabia (1878-1953). French painter. After working in an impressionist style, Picabia was influenced by Cubism and later was one of the original exponents of Dada in Europe and the United States.12.Duchamp: Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), French painter. Duchamp is noted for his cubist-futurist painting Nude Descending a Staircase, depicting continuousaction with a series of overlapping figures. In 1915 he was a cofounder of a Dada group in New York.13. Madame Gabrille Buffet-Picabia: perhaps wife of Francis Picabia14. Eiffel Tower: a tower of iron framework in Paris, designed by A.G. Eiffel and erected in the Champ-de-Mars for the Paris exposition of 188915. self-squared dragons: a picture of a four-dimensional dragon produced by computer technique16. Kandinsky: Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944), Russian abstract painter and theorist. He is usually regarded as the originator of abstract art. In 1910 he wrote an important theoretical study, Concerning the Spiritual in Art.17. Picasso: Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), Spanish painter and sculptor, who worked in France. His landmark painting Guernica is an impassioned allegorical condemnation of facism and war.18. Miro: Joan Miro (1893-1983), Spanish surrealist painter. After studying in Barcelona, Miro went to Paris in 1919. In the 1920s he came into contact with cubism and surrealism. His work has been characterized as psychic automatism, an expression of the subconscious in free form.19. Dada: a movement in art and literature based on deliberate irrationality and negation of traditional artistic values; also the art and literature produced by this movement20. Stevens: Wallace Stevens (1879-1955), American poet, educated at Harvard and the New York University Law School. A master of exquisite verse, Stevens was specifically concerned with creating some shape of order in the "slovenly wilderness" of chaos.21. game theory: a mathematical theory of transactions developed by John Von Neumann. He called this theory, which has important applications in economic, diplomacy, and national defense, "game theory". Even though they are serious, however, the games are often so intricate and their rules so strange that the game becomes overtly playful.22. virtual particles: particles that serve all practical purposes though they do not exist in reality23. black hole: A star in the last phases of gravitational collapse is often referred to asa "black hole". Even light cannot escape the black hole but is turned back by the enormous pull of gravitation. Therefore it can never be observed directly.24. lunar lander: a vehicle designed to land on the surface of the moon25. collage city: Collage City (1975) by Colin Rowe. In it he calls for a city that is a rich mixture of styles. It also implies the preservation of many bits and pieces of history. collage: an artistic composition made of various materials (as paper, cloth or wood) glued on a picture surface26. adhocism: This is a key term used by Charles Jencks in his book. The Language of Post-Modern Architecture (1977). The ad hoc city is intended to avoid the horrors of the totally planned city. The ad hoc city clearly shows a fondness for clashing styles and queer postmodern buildings as well as fantastic architectural complexes.27. facadism: It is a form of mosaic architecture. In mosaic architecture bits and pieces of older buildings are combined with bits and pieces of modern buildings. In facadism fronts of nineteenth-century buildings may be propped up while entirely new buildings are created behind them and often beside and above them.28. theme parks and museum villages: Such places try to reproduce history certain themes through architectural complexes. For example, Disneyland Anaheim, California, tries to reproduce the main street of a typical nineteenth centutry American town, but everything is stage set and nothing is real.29. Chrysler Airflow: a car model manufactured by the Chrysler Corporation of America30. Boeing 747: an airplane model manufactured by the Boeing Company of America31. Tinkertoy: a trademark for a toy set of wooden dowels, joints, wheels etc., used by children to assemble structures32. Crystal Palace: building designed by Sir Joseph Paxton and erected in Hyde Park, London, for the great exhibition in 1851. In 1854 it was removed to Sydenham, where, until its damage by fire in 1936, it housed a museum of sculpture, pictures, and architecture and was used for concerts. In 1941 it demolition was completed because it served as a guide to enemy bombing planes. The building was constructed of iron, glass, and laminated wood One of the most significant examples of 19th century proto-modern architecture, it was widely imitated in Europe and America.。
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1. When she was eleven, Clara, like her brother Alan before her, acquired a Grammar School place. Her mother, although of the mentality that refuses such places because of the price of the uniform, was luckily not in a social or financial position where she could reasonably do so, and although she was often unreasonable enough, she did not like to appear to be so in the eyes of the whole neighbourhood, so she constrained her parsimony and her innate distrust in education into selecting the less distinguished of the schools available, on the grounds that the bus fare was cheaper. It was a large, rather forbidding and gloomy building, called Battersby Grammar School, and it was on the fringe of that decayed, desolate, once-grand grey fringe that surrounds the centres of most cities; the houses in this area, large and terraced and of some dignity, had been long abandoned by the middle classes, and were now occupied by families who could not afford to live anywhere else. An occasional member of the fugitive genteel stuck it grimly out until death; once Clara was accosted by an old lady, battered and ragged and bent, who said as she walked along, and in accents of refined madness, that once the people that lived there had held their heads up high. Clara, a poor audience with her twisted knee socks, did not know what she meant.克莱拉11岁时，像她哥哥艾伦一样，进入一所公立中学。
按她母亲的想法，是反对她上这类学校的，因为学校制服费太贵。
幸亏她的社会地位和经济情况都还过得去，她也就没有充足的理由反对女儿入学。
她办事常常不讲情理，可又不愿意在左邻右舍的眼里看来是个不讲道理的人。
因此，她终于抑制住她的吝啬和天生的对教育的怀疑，给她女儿选了一所不那么有声望的中学，理由是往返的公共汽车费比较便宜。
学校叫巴特斯比中学。
那是一幢高大、阴暗、令人望而生畏的建筑，坐落在市中心的边缘。
这些围绕市中心建造起来一栋栋房屋，多少年前还巍巍壮观，如今却一片凋零、衰败、荒凉。
那些高大的、建有路台、颇有气势的座座住宅早已被一度居住的中产阶级所遗弃。
新来的这些住户嫌别处房租贵，住不起，才搬到这里来。
偶尔，在逃离此地的上流家族中，也会有个把人在这里硬顶下去，直到老死。
有一次，一个萎靡不振，衣衫褴褛，弯腰驼背的老妇同克莱拉搭话。
她一边走一边用一种典雅的迷恋之情的口吻说，过去住在这一带的可都是些很神气的人。
克莱拉，这个穿着一双扭歪了的长袜的不善于领会的听者，根本不明白她说的是什么意思。
P11. Jerusalem: 耶路撒冷板凳（伊斯兰教，犹太教和基督教的“圣地”）2. mentality: characteristic attitude of mind; mind, understanding, judgment, perception, intelligence3. unreasonable: irrational, illogical, absurd, nonsensical, stubborn4. in the eyes of=in one’s eyes: in the judgment of 在……心目中，在……看来5. constrain: to make someone do something by force or by strongly persuading, (of conscience, inner forces) compel6. on the grounds of: (for saying, doing, or believing sth.) because of…7. on the fringe of: edge, the part further from the center8. stick it out: to continue in spite of, difficulties, refuse to yield9. in accents of : in tender accents, in a kind of voice10. battered: worn out or shapeless (clothes11. parsimony: excessive carefulness in using money, careful use of money, ungenerousness, saving, thrift, miser12. innate: (of a quality) in one’s Nature, possessed from birth; instinctive, natural, intuitive, inborn, inherent, intrinsic13. decay: to go bad, to lose power14. desolate: in a ruined, neglected state15. fugitive: running away (from justice, danger, etc.)16. genteel: upper classes of society17. grim: stern, severe, without mercy; gloomy, sullen, unyielding18. accost: to go up to and speak to (esp. a stranger)19. madness: a state of being mad20. Grammar school: Until the middle 1950’s there were 2 types of secondary school ( in U.K.). Children sat an exam at age 10 (called the Eleven Plus exam). The 20% who passed went to grammar school and had an academic education to age 16 or 18. The 80% failures went to modern school to age 16 and had a general, practical-oriented education. There were also a few secondary technical schools. From the 1950’s these schools were merged to form one comprehensive school for all children aged 11 to 16 or 18. The old grammar schools insisted on a quite expensive school uniform while the modern school usually didn’t. The comprehensive school does.Note: public schools in Britain are private secondary schools, while public schools in US are local authority public schools and private schools are called private schools.21. selecting the less distinguished of the schools available: schools have varying reputations. She had no respect for education so didn’t care about the quality of the school.22. Long abandoned by the middle classes: It is a residential tendency in the course of urbanization for well-off middle class families to move out of the central part of the city to the suburbs, while the poorer families move into the once grand but now decayed and crowded city residential areas.23. Clara was accosted by an old lady: The old lady stopped Clara in the street and started talking to her.24. The people that lived here had held their heads up high: She referred to the middle class people who used to live in this area. They were confident people with unquestioned self-pride. Here was a bitter nostalgic feeling, for she had been one of them but was now poor.25. Clara, a poor audience: Being a girl of eleven she didn’t know what the old lady was talking about and wasn’t interested.26. her mother, though having the understanding that rejects these grammar schools because of the necessary spending, was fortunately able to pay for this and considering her social and financial situation and particularly her position and image in her neighbourhood, she did not refuse the idea and chose any ordinary grammar school for her daughter, Clara.2. The shabbiness of the district and the dingy gloom of the school itself meant nothing to Clara. To her, the building was endlessly exciting, and she liked it for all the reasons that most people would specify as particular causes for dislike. She liked its huge, barn-like, inhuman bleakness, its corridors shoulder-high in dark green, shoulder-to-ceiling in pale peppermint, its vast lukewarm radiators, its muddy echoing boards, its tall, high, dirty windows. She liked the cloakrooms and the lockers, the sense of institution, the rows and rows of washbowls and lavatories, the accessibility of the drinking fountains. She liked the way it stood, distinct and certain, rising out of the level muddy waste of grass and tarmac that generously surrounded it: a bomb had fallen during the war, on a neighbouring chapel, and the site had been levelled out and was now an unofficial part of the school's playgrounds. The whole area was of a bleak airiness, and a cold wind seemed to blow incessantly upon it, turning the knees and knuckles of the girls pink and blue, and snatching away their obligatory berets the moment they emerged from the school porch. Clara did not mind the cold, for she liked anything that was not small and cramped and heartlessly cosy; she liked the nameless multitudes that tramped mud on the cloakroom floors and left hairs in the cloakroom basins, and liked them because they were nameless, because they were not her mother and Alan and Arthur. Domesticity appalled her, and she nourished in it, despite a yearning for the comfortlessly grand.住宅区的穷街陋巷，学校的阴暗无光，对克莱拉说来都无所谓。