2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage2
专题01 2021年高考真题角度分析阅读长难句(新高考 I 卷)
2021年高考英语真题和优秀模拟题角度分析阅读理解长难句专题01 2021年高考真题角度分析阅读长难句（新高考 I 卷）阅读长难句之2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考I 卷）1.In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation tookfirm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.语法：(1) with the passage of…体现了with伴随状，翻译为“随着…的通过”(2) so vital to their survival 此时是adj短语做后置定语来修饰wetlands词汇：(1) took action to…采取行动做某事(2) migratory adj. 迁徙的；移动的migrate v. 迁移，移居(3) survival n.生存survive v. 幸存翻译：1934年，随着《候鸟捕猎邮票法》的通过，越来越担忧的国家采取了坚定的行动，要去阻止对迁徙的水禽和对它们的生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
2.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines,Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.语法：(1) a political cartoonist… 这里是同位语的成分，是对J.N. “Ding” Darling的解释说明。
passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练
passage11-2021高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练Passage 11The influence of social media on children1 Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on social media for their sense of self-worth, amajor study warned.2 It found many youngsters now measure their status by how much public approval they getonline, often through “likes”. 3 Some change their behavior in real life to improve their image on theweb.4 The report into youngsters aged from 8 to 12 was carried out by Children’s CommissionerAnne Longfield. 5 She said social media firms were exposing children to major emotional risks, with some youngsters starting secondary school ill-equipped to cope with the tremendous pressure they faced online.6 Some social apps were popular among the children even though they supposedly require users to be at least 13.7 The youngsters admitted planning trips around potential photo-opportunities and then messaging friends—and friends of friends—to deman d “likes” for their online posts.8 The report found that youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they did not respond to social media posts quickly, and around the clock.9 Children aged 8 to 10 were “starting to feel happy” when others liked their posts. 10 However, those in the 10 to 12 age group were “concerned with how many people like their posts”,suggesting a “need” for social recognition that gets stronger the older they become.11 Miss Longfield warned that a generation of children risked growing up “worried about their appearance and image as a result of the unrealistic lifestyles they follow on platforms, and increasingly anxious about switching off due to the constant demands of social media”.12 She said, “Children are using socia l media with family and friends and to play games when they are in primary school. But what starts as fun usage of apps turns into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school.”13 As their world expanded, she said, children compared themselves to others online in a way that was “hugely damaging in terms of their self-identity, in terms of their confidence, but also in terms of their ability to develop themselves”.14 Miss Longfield added, “Then there is this push to connect—if you go offline, will you miss something, will you miss out, will you show that you don’t care about those people you are following, all of those come together in a huge way at once.”15 “For children it is very, very difficult to cope emotionally.” The Children’s Commissioner for England’s study—Life in Likes—found that children as young as 8 were using social media platforms largely for play.16 However, the research—involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12—suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.1718 However, they still did not know how to cope with mean-spirited jokes, or the sense of incompetence they might feel if they compared themselves to celebrities or more brilliant friendsonline. 19 The report said they also faced pressure to respond to messages at all hours of the day—especially at secondary school when more youngsters have mobile phones.20 The Children’s Commissioner said schools and parents must now do more to prepare children for the emotional minefield they faced online.21 And she said social media companies must also “take more responsibility”. 22 They should either monitor their websites better so that children do not sign up too early, or they should adjust their websites to the needs of younger users.23 Javed Khan, of children’s charity Barnardo’s, said, “It’s vital that new compulsory age- appropriate relationship and sex educ ation lessons in England should help equip children to deal with the growing demands of social med ia.”24“It’s also hugely important for parents to know which apps their children are using.”一．单词和短语Words and expressionsself-worth /?self ?w?:θ/n. 自我价值感youngster /?j??st?/ n. 年轻人commissioner /k??mn?/ n. 专员; 委员ill-equipped /??l??kw?pt/ adj. 装备不良的tremendous /tr??mend?s/ adj. 巨大的; 极好的supposedly /s??p??z?dl?/ adv. 据称; 据传around the clock 昼夜不停地mean-spirited /?mi:n?sp?r?t?d/ adj.小气的; 小心眼的incompetence /?n?k?mp?t?ns/ n. 不胜任minefield /?ma?nfi?ld/ n. 布雷区; 充满隐伏危险的事物sign up 签约参加；报名参加charity /?t??r?t?/ n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体二．参考译文Translation社交媒体对孩子的影响1一项重要的研究警告称，年仅10岁的儿童为了获得自我价值感而变得依赖社交媒体。
2021届高考英语二轮温习阅读理解主旨大意题专练题目归纳类
阅读理解主旨大意题专练(一) 题目归纳类A(2021·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)Susan Brownell Anthony was a lady ahead of her time. She fought for women's rights long before they became a popular issue.Susan was born on February 15,1820, in Adams, Massachusetts. At that time, women had few rights. They could not own property. Money earned by a married woman belonged to her husband. Major decisions regarding children were made by the fathers. Women could not vote.At the age of 15, Susan became a schoolteacher. She taught for 15 years. Then she began organizing women's groups to promote causes that were important to women. She helped gain better educational rights for women. She helped give married women possession of their earnings.After the Civil War, Susan became very involved in the women's suffrage movement. After years of lecturing, writing, and appealing by Susan and other women, some parts of the United States changed their laws to give women the right to vote. The first state was Wyoming in 1869. Other areas and states gradually followed Wyoming's decision. It was not until 1920 that the U．S. Constitution was changed to give all women voting rights.Susan Brownell Anthony died in 1906 at the age of 86. She was elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans in 1950. She was the first American woman to have a likeness (肖像) of her face on a coin. It was the 1979 Susan Brownell Anthony dollar.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖Susan Brownell Anthony。
2021届高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习10套
2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（一）Exercise 1：长难句分析1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1)likely adj. 可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that… 可能做……很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。
这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。
2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。
我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。
3) appeal to吸引；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。
杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。
我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。
【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用 other。
如：中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
中国比非洲的任何国家都大。
2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively.【句式翻译】【句式分析】【词语点拨】1) expose vt.揭露；使暴露；be exposed to暴露于；接触我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
山东省2021年高考英语阅读表达专项训练（二）(1)
山东省2021年高考阅读表达专项训练（二）阅读下面的短文并用英语回答下列问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
A［l］Internet use appears to cause a decline in psychological well-being, according to research at Carnegie Mellon University.[2] Even people who spent just a few hours a week on the Internet experienced more depression and loneliness than those who logged on less frequently, the two-year study showed. And it wasn’t that people who were already feeling bad spent more time on the Internet, but that using the Internet actually appeared to cause the bad feelings.[3]Researchers are puzzling over the results, which were . They expected that the Internet would prove socially healthier than television, since the Internet allows users to choose their information and to communicate with others freely.[4]The fact that Internet use reduces time available for family and friends may account for the drop in well-being. Faceless, bodiless “virtual” communication may be less psychologically satisfying than actual conversation, and the relationships formed through it may be shallower. Another possibility is that exposure to the wider world via the Internet makes users less satisfied with their lives.[5] “But it’s important to remember this is not about the technology, it’s about how it is used,” says psychologist Christine Riley of Intel, one of the study’s sponsors. “In really points to the need for considering social factors in terms of how you design applications and services for technology.”【文章大意】历时两年的研究说明，即即是一周只上几个小时网的人也比更不常常上网的人更多地体会到坏心情和孤独感。
专题25 书面表达之概要写作(解析版)备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练(通用版)
专题25 书面表达之概要写作P a r t1题型总览【题型综述】概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。
选材上，提供一篇350词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60词左右的内容概要（注意：少于40或多于80词扣两分），而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。
【答题策略】1.读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。
在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。
根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。
注意一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
2.去次留精，提炼关键信息·明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。
·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。
·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。
3.归纳要点合理表达明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。
为避免和原文的句子重复，可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。
各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。
4.句式多样注意过渡在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。
同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。
P a r t2真题感悟【真题详解】【2019·浙江卷】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! Y ou can register for its online college fair at . While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________【答案】It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, studentsshould visit their local colleges, which may be included in applications. At least, they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance. For students who are short of money and time, registering for the online college fair is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.【分析】本文要求阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要，即用尽可能少的词汇集中展现原材料的主要思想和观点。
2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage1
2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage1Passage 1The Friendship Between Paul Newman and Me1 I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy andthe Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. 2When the studio didn’t want me forthe film— it wanted somebody as well known as Paul— he stood up for me. 3I don’t knowhow many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studiopowers.4 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting fouryears later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 5We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. 6 Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. 7 Those were also at the core of our relationship off the screen.8 We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 9 Paul and I didn’t see each other all t hat regularly, but sharing that brought us together. 10 We supported eachother financially and by showing up at events.11 I last saw him a few months ago. 12 He’d been in and out of the hospital. 13 He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t tal k about it. 14 Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsstudio /?stju?d/ n.工作室；播音室；制片厂stand up for 支持；拥护have root in 起源于dig into 钻研；掘进去* underlying /?nd??la/ adj.潜在的；根本的；在下面的；* core /k??/ n.中心；核心 adj. 主要的；基本的show up 露面；露出；揭露二．参考译文Translation我和保罗.纽曼之间的友谊1我第一次见到保罗.纽曼是在1968年。
2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage8
Passage 8Should We Get Rid of Old Devices Timely？1 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after theygo out of style. 2 That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets —as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do thesame things.3 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt andher colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.4 This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.5 Devices were grouped by generation.6 Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992.7 Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.8 And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.9 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old ones. 10“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.11 The average number of electronic devices rose from 4 per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. 12 We’re not just keeping these old devices—We continue to use them. 13 According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.14 So what’s the solution? 15 The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 16 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.一．单词和短语Words and expressionsgo out of style 过时outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ adj.过时的；旧式的mine /maɪn/ n.矿; 矿井; 地雷; 水雷vt. & vi.开采* readout /ˈriːdaʊt/ n.读出on the scene 在场；出现；到场* cathode /ˈkæθəʊd/ n. <电>(-)阴极；负极* cathode ray tube阴极射线管tablet /ˈtæblɪt/ n.碑；药片；写字板outmoded /aʊtˈməʊdɪd/ adj.过时的* eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ v.除去；剔除；淘汰二．参考译文Translation我们应该及时摒弃旧设备吗？1我们可能认为，在我们的文化习惯中，我们一见到闪闪发光的新东西就会摒弃用旧了的技术产品，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用着它们。
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Passage 2Do Plants Talk to Each Other?1 When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly.2 Back in 1983,two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple treesgetting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plantscan get. 3 These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seemto be an alarm. 4 What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicalsknown as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.5 Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.6 It’s a plant’s way of crying out.7 But is anyone listening？Apparently.8 Because we can watch the neighbors react.9 Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. 10 But others do double duty. 11 They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. 12 Once they arrive, the tables are turned. 13 The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.14 In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. 15 The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.16 Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists don’t know. 17 Maybe the first plant just madea cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. 18 Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. 19 So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth.20 Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate than the world we can see and hear. 21 Our senses are weak. 22 There’s a whole lot going on.一．单词和短语Words and expressions* leafy /ˈliːfɪ/ adj.叶茂盛的；多叶的；for short简称；缩写* perfume /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ n.香水；香味vt.洒香水于…；使…带香味in effect 实际上* overhear /əʊvəˈhɪə/ vt. & vi.无意中听到intentional /ɪnˈtenʃnəl/ adj.存心的；故意的* intimate /ˈɪntɪmət/ adj.亲密的；关系紧密的vt.暗示；透露intentionally /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəlɪ/ adv.有意地；故意地* a whole lot 许多二．参考译文Translation植物会互相交流吗？1当一株绿叶植物受到攻击时，它不会坐以待毙。
2早在1983年，杰克.舒尔茨和伊恩.包德恩两位科学家就曾在报道中指出，被昆虫咬伤的小枫树会散发出邻近植物可以感知到的特殊气味。
3 这些化学物质来自植物受伤的部位，似乎是一种警报。
4植物在空气中发散出的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物的化学混合物，简称VOCs。
5科学家发现，所有植物在受到攻击时都会释放出挥发性有机化合物。
6这是植物的一种哭泣。
7但有人在听吗？显然是的。
8因为我们可以观察到周边植物作出了反应。
9一些植物发出难闻的化学物质以阻止昆虫靠近。
10但另有一些植物却能执行双重任务。
11它们发出一些香气，旨在吸引各种攻击者的天敌。
12 它们一到达，形势就会发生扭转。
13本来想饱餐一顿的攻击者反倒变成了美味的午餐。
14 一次次的研究表明，利用化学物质的交流能够帮助周边的植物。
15第一个被攻击的植物遭受的伤害往往更严重，但是周边的植物，通常说来，会更安全，因为它们能“听”到警告并且知道该怎么做。
16这就意味着植物之间会相互交流吗？科学家们也不知道。
17也许第一株受攻击的植物只是由于疼痛而大声呼喊或者是给自己的分枝发出信息。
因此，实际上，这是自言自语。
18也许周边植物无意中听到了呼喊声。
19所以信息自此交流，但这并不是真正有意识的信息互通。
20 150多年前，查尔斯·达尔文想象出一个比我们所能看到和听到的世界更加复杂和亲密的世界。
21 我们的器官无法感知这些事情。
22有很多事情正在发生。
三．理解Comprehension1. What does a plant do when it is under attack？A. It makes noises.B. It gets help from other plants.C. It stands quietlyD. It sends out certain chemicals.2. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3？A. The attackers get attacked.B. The insects gather under the table.C. The plants get ready to fight back.D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.3. Scientists find from their studies that plants can__________.A. predict natural disastersB. protect themselves against insectsC. talk to one another intentionallyD. help their neighbors when necessary4. What can we infer from the last paragraph？A. The world is changing faster than ever.B. People have stronger senses than before.C. The world is more complex than it seems.D. People in Darwin’s time were imaginative.四．用另一个单词或短语替换以下摘自本文的单词或短语。
Replace the following words or phrases in the passage with another word or phrase.1 sit quietly2 insects, neighboring plants can get3 injured, an alarm4 pump through 5attacked 7 Apparently 8 react 9 pump out 11 perfumes 12 the tables are turned 14 appears 16 talk to each other 17 sending a message, in effect 19 intentional, back and forth_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五．概要写作Summary writing (in about 60 words)参考答案Passage 2三．DABC四． 1 sit still/ sit around 2 bugs, surrounding plants can detect 3 damaged, an alert/a warning signal 4 release into 5 eaten/ bitten 7 Obviously/ Evidently 8 respond 9 give out/ send out/ produce/ give off/ release 11 scents/ fragrances 12 the situation is reversed 14 seems 16 communicate with each other 17 conveying a message, in fact 19 intended, interaction/communication 五．Scientists find that plants under attack produce volatile organic compounds to drive bugs away or even chemicals that attr act the bugs’ natural enemies. Besides, they also find that the neighbors usually suffer less damage than the first plant thanks to the chemical warning.Scientists still don’t know whether the communication among plants is intentional.。