《美国文学》PPT课件

美国文学菲茨杰拉德 Fitzgerald 课件

Literary Characteristics

Simplicity and gracefulness Metaphors and symbols Manipulating relation between the general and the specific Bold impressionistic and colorful quality
Literary Characteristics

Themes: money and love Attitude towards money: contradictory and complex Double vision: knowing it well inside; seeing it ironically outside Special experience: familiar with life style, mental state and moral standards of the rich Critical of the rich and showing the disintegrating effects of wealth on the emotional make-up
Literary Characteristics

பைடு நூலகம்

Fitzgerald: excellent chronicler of the Jazz Age Greatness: finding intuitively in his personal experience the embodiment of that of the nation and creating a myth out of American life Pursuing his ideals; objective enough to analyze, satirize and criticize them

美国文学PPT

在1873年，塞丝和她的女儿丹芙住在辛辛那提附近农村地区124号的一所房子里。由于塞丝过去的经历和她的孤傲，她们受到当地人的排斥。自从逃出“甜蜜家园”农场后十八年已经过去了。这个农场由一个被称之为老师的凶残的男人经营着，这个人一边允许他的侄子们残害塞丝一边做笔录用以科学地研究黑人。因此，已经怀孕的塞丝逃跑了，逃跑的路上在一个叫做艾米的白人妇女的帮助下生下了孩子。此时理应陪在塞丝身边的丈夫却消失了。带着四个孩子逃往辛辛那提后塞丝只享受了28天的自由便被她的主人追到，塞丝试图把她的孩子全都杀死而不愿让他们沦为奴隶，但最后只杀死了其中的一个。她的主人因为认为塞丝已不能继续当仆人而丢弃了她，而塞丝也免于绞刑继续在124号抚养剩下的三个孩子。死去孩子的灵魂开始出没于她们居住的房子，两个儿子霍华德和巴尔格两度遇见灵魂后心惊胆战地离开了。祖母贝比"萨格斯也因此伤心而患病死去。贝比"萨格斯以前在辛辛那提的黑人社区有着相当大的影响力，被许多人热奉为鼓舞人心的“圣女”。自从塞丝出事后她便放弃讲道卧病在床。她死后数年里塞丝和丹芙孤独地继续生活在小房子里，特别是丹芙，虽然已经十八岁，但还是不敢离开房子半步。
获奖

此外，莫里森还荣获下列奖项： 1977年《所罗门之歌》获全国图书评论界奖（National Book Critics Circle Award） 1977年或美国艺术与文学学院奖（American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award） 1987-88年获罗伯特·肯尼迪图书奖（Robert F. Kennedy Book Award） 1988年《宝贝儿》获美国图书奖（American Book Award） 1988年《宝贝儿》获安斯非尔德-沃尔夫种族关系图书奖（Anisfield-Wolf Book Award in Race Relations） 1988年《宝贝儿》获普利策小说奖（Pulitzer Prize for Fiction） 1989年美国现代语言协会联邦文学奖（MLA Commonwealth Award in Literature） 1993年获法国艺术及文学司令勋章（Commander of the Arts and Letters ） 1994年获孔多塞奖章（Condorcet Medal） 1994年获赛珍珠奖（Pearl Buck Award） 1994年获雷吉耶姆·朱里文学奖（Rhegium Julii Prize for Literature） 1996年获全国图书基金美国文学突出贡献奖（National Book Foundation's Medal of Distinguished Contribution to American Letters） 2000年获全国人文奖章（National Humanities Medal）

美国文学 ppt课件

• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》（1642）
• Pocahontas
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.

美国文学EmilyDickinson迪金森

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Weird Recluse?
• She would sometimes send her poems to
people as gifts for valentines or birthdays, along with a pie or cookies.
• She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.
• "If fame belonged to me," she told Higginson, "I could not escape her; if she did not, the longest day would pass me on the chase.… My barefoot rank is better." The twentieth century lifted her without doubt to the first rank among poets.
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What’s the Difference?
BECAUSE I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school where children played, Their lessons scarcely done; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun.

美国文学课件(Poe)

• As a verse narrative, the poem is characterized by its dramatic variation of tone, which starts from mournfulness, and then progresses to trepidation and jocularity, and eventually to despair by way of hysterical self-torture. • In spite of its completeness of plot as a verse narrative, it is also characterized by its highly symbolic trait, which frequently leaves the reader with a feeling that it is difficult to read, because of its lack of adequate suggestions of certain meanings.
• 1827, a volume of poems Tamerlane and Other Poems was published in Boston • 1829, Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane and Minor Poems, • 1831, Poems. • an editor first with The Southern Literary Messenger, later with such magazines as Graham’s and the Broadway Journal. • His marriage in 1835 to his first cousin, Virginia Clemn, deepened his financial difficulties. • 1839, “The Fall of the House of Usher” published in Burton’s Gentleman’s Magazine

美国文学课件

第一讲美国文化的背景与特征一、美国文化背景概观1、荒野里诞生的国度开拓型文化对于美国民族精神的塑造大有裨益：（1）有利于培植个人主义价值观（2）有利于造就美利坚民族的乐观精神（3）有利于培养创新精神2、清教传统美国主流文化：白人盎格鲁-撒克逊新教文化清教（Puritanism）是新教的一个支派清教主义的信念：（1）上帝具有万能的力量（2）每个人凭借对上帝的信仰就可以成为上帝的选民（3）相信原罪说，注重反省自身（4）只有辛勤劳动，勤俭节约，取得事业成功，才能完成上帝赋予自己的使命清教对美国社会发展具有重要作用:（1）造就了精打细算、兢兢业业的作风和追求财富的动力（2）养成了开发新疆土、征服大自然的冒险精神（3）具有社会凝聚力，产生了一种新的民族认同3、多元开放的移民社会移民社会与美国文化的发展：（1）早期移民给新大陆的政治生活注入了民主的气氛（2）美国没有经历过封建社会阶段，商业的迅速发展对美国人的价值取向、国民心态产生了深远的影响（3）多元、开放性使美国文化充满生机与活力二、美国文化的特征1、核心价值观——个人主义（1）“个人主义”的含义：指西方从文艺复兴以来随着资本主义反对封建压迫和神权统治斗争的发展而形成的以个人为中心的思想，其主要内容是相信每个人都具有价格，高度重视个人自由（2）个人主义和利己主义的区别与联系: 个人主义强调个人的独立性，创造性，个人的个性发展。

利己主义把个人的特殊利益凌驾于他人，社会公共利益之上，是违背功德的极端个人主义。

（3）美国个人主义的起源:清教传统是主要根源。

在拓荒中以自给自足方式生存使个人主义成为信仰和民族精神。

政治家，思想家的理论阐述时个人主义成为美国文化的主要信条。

爱默生强调个人精神的重要性，美国文化要从欧洲独立。

（4）美国个人主义价值观的主要内容A、个人的力量无限: 美国“牛仔精神”-个人英雄主义B、自主抉择，自力更生C、个人的权利不可侵犯(5) 对美国个人主义价值观的评价（思考）2、冒险、开拓、富有创新精神3、自由、平等精神4、实用主义/功利主义5、物质主义6、种族主义和扩张主义第二讲美国文学的发展阶段一、印第安传统文学二、殖民地时期文学（17世纪初-18世纪中叶）三、启蒙与独立战争时期文学（18世纪中叶-19世纪初）四、浪漫主义时期文学（19世纪上半叶）五、现实主义时期文学（南北战争后-20世纪初）六、现代文学（20世纪上半叶）七、当代文学（二战以后- 今）一、印第安传统文学印第安传统文学的主要特征（1）以口头形式流传（2）常见文学样式：典仪、曲词、神话与传说、史诗等（3）同印第安人生活有着特殊的联系（4）有一些基本相同的主题（5）常运用重复、渐进的手法关于印第安文学，值得研究的问题：1、如何认识印第安传统文学在美国文学整体中的地位？2、印第安传统文学同殖民地时期移民关于印第安人的叙述有何联系？3、印第安传统文学与印第安当代文学之间，有着怎样的延续和继承关系？4、印第安文学与其它弱势文学之间有何关系？《最后的莫希干人》二、殖民地时期文学The colonial period (1607 - 1765)这一时期文学的成就与特点：（1）体裁：主要包括游记、日记、信札、报道、历史、传记和宗教诗歌等，其内容大多表现的是探险者和移民对自己事业的赞颂。

艾米莉狄金森《美国文学》原创PPT课件

interest in Emily ‘s poems
. different nature
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The Homestead
Emily Dickinson lived with her unmarried sister Lavinia in an elegant house called The Homestead(霍姆斯特德).
At the same time , Dickinson is widely acknowledged as an innovative pre-modernist poet as well as a rebellious and courageous woman.
迪金森的诗谜一般充满奇思妙想，展现出非凡的创造力与想象力。她的作品受到17世纪英格兰玄学派诗人的影响，同时带有清教的家庭背景的烙印。虽然她不相信家庭的传统宗教，但她研究了圣经，许多诗歌在形式上也类似圣经。她对破折号的热爱，不规则的韵律和韵脚，超乎寻常的比喻使她当之无愧地成. 为19世纪美国文坛最具创新意识的诗人9。
A
promineGnrat vlaewaynedr
satnedrnpolitician(
我发生冲突。” Representative to Congress)
Same as their father’s career
Became ill when Emily was 25
Focus of attention and shows Close friend，though they share
.
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Themes
On Nature
• Dickinson observed nature closely and described it vividly but never with the feeling of being lost in it, or altogether part of it, nor was she surprised when its creatures also kept their distance.

美国文学ppt

The old Winery Cottage, where London died (in the left sleeping porch) on November 22, 1916
HIS FAMOUS FICTIONS
The Call of the Wild 《野性的呼唤》《白牙》《海狼》
White Fa“lost generation” and T.S.Eliot
REPRESETIVE WRITERS
Stephen Crane
Frank Norris
Theodore Dreiser
Jack
STEPHEN CRANE
Biography
Fiction and poetry
Style and technique
Émile Zola
Born Died Occupation Nationality Genres Notable work(s) Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola 2 April 1840 Paris, France 29 September 1902) (aged 62) Paris, France Novelist, playwright, journalist French Naturalism Les Rougon-Macquart, Thérèse Raquin Germinal
JACK LONDON
His major works
His honors and legacy
His life and death
January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916
His writing style
His life story