专题4-5测验试题及答案

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人教B版数学选修4-5练习：1.5.2 综合法和分析法含解析

1.5.2综合法和分析法课时过关·能力提升1.若1<x<10,则下面不等式正确的是()A.(lg x)2<lg x2<lg(lg x)B.lg x2<(lg x)2<lg(lg x)C.(lg x)2<lg(lg x)<lg x2x)<(lg x)2<lg x21<x<10,∴0<lg x<1,0<lg x2<2,∴0<(lg x)2<1,lg(lg x)<0.∵(lg x)2-lg x2=(lg x)2-2lg x=lg x(lg x-2)<0,∴(lg x)2<lg x2.∴lg(lg x)<(lg x)2<lg x2.★2.已知0<a<1<b,则下面不等式一定成立的是()A.log a b+log b a+2>0B.log a b+log b a-2>0log b a+2≥0 D.log a b+log b a+2≤00<a<1<b,∴log a b<0,∴-log a b>0.∴(-log a b)≥2,∴≤-2,即log a b≤-2,当且仅当log a b=-1,即b.∴log a b+log b a≤-2.∴log a b+log b a+2≤0.3.A.a a<a b<b aB.a a<b a<a bC.a b<a a<b aD.a b<b a<a a∴0<a<b<1,∴a b<a a.且0∴a a<b a.∴a b<a a<b a.4.若a,b,c∈R,且ab+bc+ac=1,则下列不等式成立的是()A.a2+b2+c2≥2B.(a+b+c)2≥3C为a2+b2≥2ab,a2+c2≥2ac,b2+c2≥2bc,所以将三式相加,得2(a+b+c)≥2ab+2bc+2ac.又因为ab+bc+ac=1,所以a2+b2+c2≥1,当且仅当a=b=c.因为(a+b+c)2=a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ac,所以(a+b+c)2≥1+2×1=3.故选B.5.若x≥4,≥、≤”).6.建立一个容积为8 m3,深为2 m的长方体无盖水池,如果池底和池壁的造价每平方米分别为那么水池的最低总造价为元.水池池底长为x(x>0)m,则宽y=4×120≥480+1 280=1 ).当且仅当x=2时等号成立.7.给出下列命题:①a<b<0⇒②a<b<0⇒a-2<b-2;③a>b,c>d,abcd≠0⇒④ab≠0⇒⑤a>b>0,c>d>0⇒其中为真命题的是.(填所有真命题的序号)8.设a,b,c均为正数,求证a,b,c均为正数,当且仅当a=b时等号成立;同当且仅当b=c时等号成立;当且仅当a=c时等号成立.以上三个不等式相加,a=b=c时等号成立.★9.已知函数f(x)=l≠x2,求证,只需证明∵x1,x2∈≠x2,∴l。

最新版2019-2020年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4-5单元检测题及答案-精编试题

新课标高一上学期1册Unit4-5测试Class: Name: Marks: 满分（120）第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）1. If the factory is closed down, number of people will be put out of work.A. a; theB. the; \C. the; theD. a; \2. —He isn’t a good reporter.—Isn’t he fit for the job?A. Why do you think so?B. You’re right.C. I’m with you.D. What’s your opinion?3. — Is there anything I can do for you?—No, thanks. I’m just looking around.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. how4. Shortly after the accident happened, rescue teams were sent to save those in the mine.A. trappingB. to be trappedC. have trappedD. trapped5. How you be so stupid as to believe him? He’s playing a trick on you.A. couldB. mustC. mightD. would6. We should learn from Lei Feng to be and often gave other people a hand.A. activeB. selflessC. meanD. equal7. — How do you keep in touch with your friends?— By chatting online. Besides, we talk face to face.A. graduallyB. actuallyC. entirelyD. frequently8. Our school has a special class to help poor readers, which is very effective.A. set upB. dug outC. added upD. come out9. With a look on his face, the boy stood there, unable to say a word.A. shocked; frightenedB. shocking; frightenedC. shocking; frighteningD. shocked; frightening10. It was only when he reached school he found he had left his textbook at home.A. whichB. whereC. howD. that11. There are forty students in the classroom, all are listening to their teacher carefully.A. of whomB. whoC. thatD. of them12. It seems as if he everything, but as a matter of fact, he is very stupid.A. is knowingB. had knownC. knewD. has known13. As a(n) for passing the examination, he got a new bike from his parents.A. eventB. principleC. rewardD. title14. Many workers built houses for survivors whose houses in the earthquake.A. destroyedB. had destroyedC. had been destroyedD. were destroyed15. We are worried about we can finish the task on time without your help.A. ifB. whetherC. thatD. why第二节完形填空( 共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)These days, the custom that wives should cook has changed in Japan, especially people in their 20’s and 30’s tend to think so. Among 16 in that age group, both husbands and wives have 17 and they are very busy, so they tend to think that sharing the housework is 18 .But not everyone 19 because husbands do not have enough chance to know how to 20 . Up to now, they have been used to seeing two 21 : their mothers cook every day and their fathers 22 those dishes.Recently some cooking schools for 23 have opened. I have read several articles about the schools. Students of the cooking schools are mostly middle-aged men who are 24 of their retirement (退休), because they work from morning to night at their 25 , so they do not know how to cook. 26 , their wives cook 27 ; they have many hobbies, and they know how to enjoy their spare time. After these men retire, they tend to do nothing in their 28 hours. So these men are 29 to cook not only as a hobby, but also because itis necessary to them.In Japan, the famous cooks are almost all male, 30 the famous cooking teachers are almost all 31 . I think that this tendency (倾向) also comes from our 32 beliefs: being a cook is considered a business and being a cooking teacher is considered an extension (延伸) of cooking as 33 . I believe this tendency will 34 in the future. We will have many chances to cook without 35 whether we are husbands or wives.16. A. lines B. teams C. classes D. couples17. A. chances B. cars C. jobs D. houses18. A. normal B. unfair C. lucky D. strange19. A. comes B. agrees C. helps D. cares20. A. cook B. pay C. design D. wash21. A. suggestions B. roles C. thoughts D. ideas22. A. keep B. buy C. eat D. deliver23. A. girls B. lawyers C. students D. men24. A. proud B. certain C. afraid D. ashamed25. A. office B. table C. college D. corner26. A. By the way B. On the other hand C. At first D. As a result27. A. peacefully B. selflessly C. alone D. well28. A. exact B. difficult C. free D. last29. A. learning B. affording C. promising D. hating30. A. because B. while C. if D. as31. A. female B. young C. professors D. adults32. A. great B. simple C. old D. true33. A. education B. fashion C. courage D. housework34. A. begin B. change C. continue D. stop35. A. reporting B. proving C. imagining D. considering第二部分阅读理解(共20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分)AWe couldn’t wait to get outside. Sure, we knew that growing up was to beabout going to school and doing homework, but for us the most important thing was having fun. As soon as school was over, we’d run home, eat something, and rush outside to take care of our real business, hanging about(闲逛) with our friends.Hanging about was our time, when we didn’t have to deal with the annoyances (烦事) of the family life. We’d be with our friends traveling the range of our imaginations, inventing a new game with bottle caps. We were ruled only by ourselves and answered to no one but ourselves.We played all kinds of games, but most of our activities involved a ball. City kids play ed “official” ball games like baseball, football, and basketball —but we also had a whole range of less formal ball games to draw upon for fun. These games had simple rules, needed a few people and took almost no time to get going. The games could be the center point of attention, but they usually occurred while the main event, hanging about, took place.That’s how it was, just you and your friends. It wasn’t about having your mom allow a play date with another mom; it wasn’t about organized sports. You d idn’t need organization, time, planning, or equipment. You made creative use of the urban landscape. Fields of play were the sidewalks, streets and walls. Bases were cars, lamp posts and garbage cans. Equipment usually was made of some household things, but there was one thing that was necessary: a rubber ball.36. According to the author, the kids desired to .A. grow up quicklyB. make new friendsC. go to schoolD. play with friends37. We can learn from the second paragraph that the kids were .A. full of imaginationsB. easily annoyedC. ruled by some peopleD. independent38. The ball games that the author played .A. were popular with city kidsB. didn’t have strict rulesC. usually happened at schoolD. required a number of players39. What can be learned from the last paragraph?A. The kids used to play at home.B. The games took place almost anywhere.C. The kids spent a lot of money on the games.D. The kids didn’t like to play official ball games.40. The passage was written in a mood.A. worriedB. seriousC. happyD. blackBHow could we live without the Internet? That’s how most of us keep in touch with friends, find homework support, research a cool place to visit, or find out the latest news.But besides millions of sites to visit and things to do, the Internet offers lots of ways to waste time —and even get into trouble. And just as in the real world, some people you meet online might try to make use of you.You’ve probably heard stories about people who get into trouble in chat rooms. Because users can easily remain anonymous (匿名的), chat rooms often attract people who are interested in more than just chatting. They’ll sometimes ask visitors for information about themselves, their families, or where they live —in formation that shouldn’t be given away.Usually, people who request personal information like home addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses use this information to fill mailboxes and answering machines with advertisements. In some cases, though, they may use this information to do something illegal or to harm a person’s or family’s well-being.Of course, the Internet is home to millions of places you can and should visit. Like an infinite (极大的) library, the Web can take you to the end of the earth with the information it contains.You can use it to do research for school, find out what movie is on (and whether people like it), check out a college you’re thinking about, or finda job or a volunteer opportunity. Almost anything you can think of hasa webs ite about it. And it’s not just websites — blogs, videos, and downloadable games wait to connect you with other users and players. The key is to protect yourself while online.41. If you give away your personal information, you may .A. make a lot of friendsB. become famousC. be put into prisonD. get into trouble42. You are most likely to be cheated when you’re online.A. chattingB. shoppingC. playing gamesD. writing blogs43. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragr aph 5 refer to?A. The chatting room.B. The Web.C. The mailbox.D. The earth.44. According to the passage we can do all the following on the Internet EXCEPT .A. learning about the worldB. looking for a jobC. doing physical exerciseD. talking with friends45. This passage was mainly written for .A. teenagersB. parentsC. teachersD. employeesCFall Creek Falls is a popular state park in Pikeville in Tennessee, the US. It is about o ne and a half hours’ drive from the city of Chattanooga. Fall Creek Falls State Park covers 20,000 acres of nature, including playgrounds, picnic places, waterfalls, and suspensionbridges (吊桥). If that isn’t enough, there is also a golf course, a lake and some shops.We first visited Fall Creek Falls State Park in the spring of this year. It is such a huge park that we actually got lost! We finally stopped by a shop to pick up some maps and get our bearings (方位). After a lovely picnic by the beautiful lake, we drove over to Fall Creek Falls, and walked to the base of the waterfall. While the trail is only half mile long, it is fairly steep (陡的) and we had to walk through thick forests. The Fall Creek Falls is the highest waterfall in the eastern United States.In early October, we took a different route to Fall Creek Falls State Park and came in from the town of Spencer. It took us out directly to the Nature Center. This part of the park has a suspension bridge and trails to Cane Creek Falls and Cane Creek Cascades. We spent some time hiking down Cane Creek Cascades, whichfalls down 45 feet into a swimming hole. No doubt it was popular in the summer. It was fun to see people walking on the suspension bridge over the waterfalls. You could walk 8 miles to Fall Creek Falls, but we preferred to take the scenic drive so we can see the plants.At Fall Creek Falls, we first admired the wonderful view from the top, and then hiked the short but steep trail. What a pleasant hike and how beautiful! Fall Creek Fal ls is now our favorite state park, and we’ll be back.46. What can we learn about the park the writer visited?A. It is famous for its falls.B. It has many wild animals.C. It is not a very large park.D. It has a golf club.47. Why did the writer and his partners stop by the shop?A. They wanted to have a rest there.B. They wanted to buy something to eat.C. They bought maps they needed there.D. They wanted to have a lovely picnic there.48. Before the writer arrived at Cane Creek Cascades he had passed by .A. the thick forestsB. the beautiful lakeC. the base of the waterfallD. the Nature Center49. What did the writer prefer to do?A. To take the scenic drive there.B. To walk to the town of Spencer.C. To swim in the swimming hole.D. To walk on the suspension bridge.50. The author wrote the passage mainly to tell readers .A. what Fall Creek Falls State Park is likeB. his two pleasant experiences in the parkC. why Fall Creek Falls State Park is famousD. one of his most pleasant hikes in his lifeDFor more than 55 years, Danzig Baldayev had been studying a special form ofcommunication among the Russian prisoners. When he was a prison guard, he discovered that the tattoo (纹身) on each prisoner’s body had a message for the other roommates.A burning cross meant the prisoner wanted revenge (报复); a pirate with a knife between his teeth showed that the prisoner was a person who liked to hurt others and a tattoo of the Soviet founder, Vladimir Lenin, was like a spell against death punishment.The Asian Age newspaper has reported that 81-year-old Baldayev’s long-time hobby has just been released in the form of a book, Prisoners’ Tattoos. The book was released at St Petersburg’s old Kresty jail.Baldayev continued to document (证明) prisoners’ tattoos even after he became a police detective. But his efforts met with resistance (反抗) from prisons, while the police detectives encouraged it. However, during the Communist rule, Baldayev had to pursue (追求) his hobby in secret. He even paid prisoners tobacco for letting him copy their tattoos.The newspaper reported Baldayev as saying that the Russian prisoners’ tattoos had more varied styles than tattoos on prisoners in other countries. Several times, the Russian prison tattoos involved political themes, he said. Also, they didn’t just tell about the crime committed by the prisoner, but also told about his place in the underworld. Apart from these, the prisoners’ desires and personalities were showed, the author said.Baldayev got interested and began copying these tattoos in 1948 when he first came to Kresty. Thereafter, he made every effort to find newer and newer tattoos. He also collected tattoos from other parts of the country.51. Danzig Baldayev began his study about tattoos .A. when he guarded prisonersB. before he worked as a prison guardC. when he became a police detectiveD. when he came to Kresty in 184852. What tattoo meant the prisoner wanted to perform an act of revengeaccording to the passage?A. A burning cross.B. A political theme.C. The Soviet founder, Vladimir Lenin.D. A pirate with a knife between his teeth.53. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to “”.A. the resistance from prisonsB. Baldayev pursuing his hobby secretlyC. Baldayev documenting prisoners’ tattoosD. copying prisoners’ tattoos without any pay54. We can learn about Russian prisoners’ tattoos that .A. they showed no personal desiresB. they had nothing to do with politicsC. they told more than prisoners’ crimesD. they had the most beautiful styles in the world55. From the last paragraph, we can learn that when it came to his hobby, Baldayev was .A. proudB. disappointedC. eagerD. generous第三部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节阅读表达(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

九年级政治全册第4-5课练习试题试题

轧东卡州北占业市传业学校第4-5课练习试题一、选择题近年来，在世界各地掀起了一阵阵“中国潮〞的“文化节〞。

这已成为我国文化走出去的一张醒目名片。

2021年，共有73部国产影片在44个国家放映，收入1亿元。

据此答复1—3题。

1.“文化走出去〞表达了我国在实行的根本国策。

〔〕A.对外开放B.科教兴国C.文化强国D.文化扩张2.我国为把外国资本、先进技术和管理经验“引进来〞，而最早设立的经济特区城是〔〕A. B. C. D.3.但是，无论是“引进来〞还是“走出去〞，都不能偏离我们开展的根本基点。

这一根本基点始终是〔〕A.HY自主，自力更生B.对内搞活，对外开放C.借鉴先进，抵御腐朽D.敞开国门，维护平安4.入世10年来，中国进出口贸易总额增长两倍，排名跃居世界第3位。

入世后，世界500强企业中480多家在华HY。

目前在外企就业的人员已经超过2500万人，员工收入逐年增加。

材料说明〔〕①实现对外开放要“引进来〞与“走出去〞相结合②我国的经济开展主要依赖于对外贸易的增长③坚持对外开放，老百姓得到实惠多多④对外开放是我国HY现代化建设的立国之本A.①②③B.①③C.①④D.②③④0多年来，我国从沿海到沿江边，从东部到中西部，逐渐形成了全方位、多层次、宽领域的对外开放格局，开创了全球范围内走开放式开展道路的成功范例。

实行对外开放〔〕①是我国现代化建设的唯一选择②是我国的根本国策③主要对兴旺国家进行开放④加快了现代化建设的步伐A.①②B.③④C.①③D.②④8.以下选项中属于我国HY开放以来实行科教兴国HY的措施是〔〕A.通过新的<HY宪法>B.提出“百花齐放，百家争鸣〞的方针C.神州七号发射成功D.举办中法文化年活动9.被誉为“杂交水稻之父〞的袁隆平对杂交水稻的研究培育30多年来一直保持世界领先水平，为我国粮食增产作出了巨大奉献。

这说明〔〕①生产的开展离不开科学技术的进步②科学技术是第一生产力③必须实施科教兴国的HY④必须把经济建设移到科技进步和提高劳动者素质的轨道上来A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②③④“小康大业依赖科技，和谐社会根植教育。

【人教A版】选修4-5数学：2.1《比较法》同步测试及答案.doc

第二讲证明不等式的基本方法1.回顾和复习不等式的基本性质和基本不等式，通过综合应用加深对不等式基本性质基本定理的理解.2.通过一些简单问题了解证明不等式的基本方法：比较法、综合法、分析法、反证法、放缩法・，利用代数恒等变换以及放大.缩小方法是证明不等式的常用方法，例如，比较法、综合法.分析法、反证法、放缩法等，在很多情况下需要一些前人为我们创造的技巧，对于专门从事某些数学领域研究的人们而言，掌握这些技巧是极为重要的.但是，对大多数学习不等式的人来说，常常很难从这些复杂的代数恒等变换中看到数学的本质，对他们更为重要的是理解这些不等式的数学思想和背景.所以，本专题尽力使用几何或其他方法来证明这些不等式，使学生较为容易地理解这些不等式以及证明的数学思想，不对恒等变换的难度特别是一些技巧做更多的要求，不希望不等式的教学陷在过于形式化的和复杂的恒等变换的技巧之中.2. 1 比较法1.了解用作差比较法证明不等式.2.了解用作商比较法证明不等式.3.提高综合应用知识解决问题的能力.1.作差法：要比较两个实数的大小，只要考查它们的差的符号即可，即利用不等式的性质：a > bUa——b_____ 0a=b0a—b0a < b0a——b_____ 0答案：> =<思考1比较两个代数式值的大小：X与X2-x+l.解析：当x=l时，x2=x2—x+1;当X>1 时，x2>x2—x+1; 当X<1 时，x2<x2—x+l.2.作商法:由于当方>0时，a>b今¥>\,因此要证明a>b(b>0)9可以转化为证明与之等价的f>l(^>0),这种证明方法即为作商法.思考2求证：1618>1816-证明:釦分层演探日圍画国］1.设m=a~\-2bf〃=a+Z/+i,贝0( )A・m>n B・m三n C・m<n D・mWn答案:D2・已知实数a, b, c 满足b+c=6—4a+3/, c—方=4—4。

2019-2020学年高中政治人教版选修5检测：专题四专题综合检测(四) Word版含解析

专题综合检测(四)(时间：45分钟，分值：100分)一、选择题(每小题5分，共50分)1.劳动合同的必备条款应包括()①福利待遇②劳动合同期限③社会保险④试用期A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①④解析：选B。

②③是劳动合同的必备条款，而①④是劳动合同的可备条款。

2.对劳动合同认识正确的是()①无效合同从订立起就没有法律效力②劳动合同对双方的权利和义务的规定是相同的③劳动合同一旦由双方当事人签字盖章，即对双方形成约束力④无效合同的全部内容都无效A．①②B．①③C．②③D．②④解析：选B。

劳动合同规定双方的权利和义务是不同的，②不正确。

合同无效不影响其中有效部分的履行，无效合同并非全部内容无效，④不正确。

3.根据劳动法的规定，用人单位与劳动者发生劳动争议，当事人可依法申请调解、仲裁、提起诉讼，也可协商解决。

对于以上维权途径认识正确的是()A．劳动者与用人单位针对劳动争议达成的和解协议具有必须履行的法律效力B．劳动者不愿协商和调解，或对协商调解结果不满意的，可从发生争议当天起30天内向劳动争议仲裁委员会提出书面申请，由仲裁委员会依法作出具有法律约束力的裁决C．协商解决和调解都不是处理劳动争议的必经程序D．劳动争议发生后，当事人可以申请仲裁，也可以向法院起诉答案：C4.市场经济既是法制经济，也是信用经济。

市场召唤诚信，是因为()①由于科学技术的快速发展和经营者规模的不断扩大，消费者很难分辨商品的品质②不法厂商发布虚假广告、制售假冒伪劣商品③产品质量法、消费者权益保护法的宗旨都在于保护消费者的合法权益④经营者和消费者呈现“信息不对称”状态，消费者处于弱势地位，其利益易受损害A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④解析：选B。

③不是原因。

5.福建省对从事个体经营且符合条件的高校毕业生给予免收行政事业性收费、税收优惠、小额贷款和贴息等政策扶持。

这表明()A．实现就业必须通过市场竞争B．高校毕业生应树立平等就业观C．政府鼓励高校毕业生自主创业D．选择职业只能根据个人兴趣专长答案：C6.2017年7月17日，人力资源和社会保障部第6次部务会议通过的《企业职工带薪年休假实施办法》施行9周年。

2020年高考物理4-5月模拟试题汇编专题03 牛顿运动定律(word档含答案解析)

专题03牛顿运动定律1．（2020届东北三省四市高三一模）如图甲所示，水平地面上有足够长平板车M，车上放一物块m，开始时M、m均静止。

t=0时，车在外力作用下开始沿水平面向右运动，其v-t 图像如图乙所示，已知物块与平板车间的动摩擦因数为0.2，取g=10m/s2。

下列说法正确的是（）A．0-6s内，m的加速度一直保持不变B．m相对M滑动的时间为3sC．0-6s内，m相对M滑动的位移的大小为4mD．0-6s内，m、M相对地面的位移大小之比为3：42．（2020届广东省广州、深圳市学调联盟高三第二次调研）质量为m的光滑圆柱体A放在质量也为m的光滑“ V”型槽B上，如图，α=60°，另有质量为M的物体C通过跨过定滑轮的不可伸长的细绳与B相连，现将C自由释放，则下列说法正确的是()A．当M= m时，A和B保持相对静止，共同加速度为0.5gB．当M=2m时，A和B保持相对静止，共同加速度为0.5gC．当M=6m时，A和B保持相对静止，共同加速度为0.75gD．当M=5m时，A和B之间的恰好发生相对滑动3．（2020届广东省广州、深圳市学调联盟高三第二次调研）如图所示，A、B、C三个物体分别用轻绳和轻弹簧连接，放置在倾角为θ的光滑斜面上，当用沿斜面向上的恒力F作用在物体A上时，三者恰好保持静止，已知A、B、C三者质量相等，重力加速度为g。

下列说法正确的是A ．在轻绳被烧断的瞬间，A 的加速度大小为B ．在轻绳被烧断的瞬间，B 的加速度大小为C ．剪断弹簧的瞬间，A 的加速度大小为D ．突然撤去外力F 的瞬间，A 的加速度大小为4．（2020届广东省广州市广大附中高三模拟）如图所示，某时刻将质量为10kg 的货物轻放在匀速运动的水平传送带最左端，当货物与传送带速度恰好相等时，传送带突然停止运动，货物最后停在传送带上。

货物与传送带间的动摩擦因数为0.5，货物在传送带上留下的划痕长为0.1m ，重力加速度取10m/s 2。

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三都县第二中学2013-2014第二学期高二《选修1》专题4-5测验试题姓名班级成绩分一、单项选择题(每小题2分，共50分)1、下图为某同学根据实验作出的A、B、C、D四种常见酶的催化效率曲线图，不正确的是( D )A．A B．BC．C D．D2、固定化酶技术与固定化细胞技术的关系是( A )A．固定化酶技术是固定化细胞技术的基础B．固定化细胞技术是固定化酶技术的基础C．固定化酶技术与固定化细胞技术是同时发展起来的D．固定化细胞技术先于固定化酶技术3、下列关于制备固定化酵母细胞的过程，错误的是( A )A．酵母细胞活化时，其吸水方式为渗透作用B．将凝胶珠在0.05 mol/L的CaCl2中浸泡C．固定好的凝胶珠用蒸馏水冲洗2～3次D．固定化酵母细胞的发酵成本较低4、加酶洗衣粉是指含有酶制剂的洗衣粉，常用的酶制剂一般不包括( B )A．碱性脂肪酶 B．酸性蛋白酶 C．淀粉酶 D．纤维素酶5、下列为验证某种加酶洗衣粉所需要的最适温度的实验方案，正确的是( A )A．取一系列温度不同、其他条件相同的水，加入相同的污物及等量加酶洗衣粉，看哪一个温度中洗涤的效果最好B．在不同温度的水中，加入不等量洗衣粉，看哪种效果好C．将加酶洗衣粉加入30℃水中不如加入到45℃的水中洗涤效果好，说明45℃为最适温度D．将加酶洗衣粉和普通洗衣粉分别加入37℃的水中洗涤同样的污物，发现加酶洗衣粉效果好，说明加酶洗衣粉的最适温度为37℃6、如图曲线表示的是温度和果胶酶活性之间的关系，此曲线不能说明的是( D )A．在B点之前，果胶酶的活性和温度呈正相关；之后，呈负相关一B．当温度到达B点时，果胶酶的活性最高，酶的催化作用最大C.A点时，果胶酶的活性很低，但随着温度升高，果胶酶的活性可以升高D．C点时，果胶酶的活性也很低，当温度降低时，果胶酶的活性也可以升高7、某兴趣小组准备开展“不同种类的加酶洗衣粉对同一污物的洗涤效果”的探究活动。

下列说法，你认为不正确的是( A )A．该实验的原理是酶的高效性B．自变量是不同种类的加酶洗衣粉C．水质、水量、适宜pH等属于无关变量D．因变量是加酶洗衣粉的洗涤效果8、下列不是用于包埋法固定化细胞的载体的是( B )A．琼脂糖 B．氯化钙 C．明胶 D．海藻酸钠9、有关配制海藻酸钠溶液的叙述中，不正确的是( C )A．加热使海藻酸钠溶化是操作中最重要的一环B．海藻酸钠的浓度关系到固定化细胞的质量C．海藻酸钠可在水中迅速溶解，无须再加温D．海藻酸钠的浓度过低，形成的凝胶珠内包埋的细胞过少10、在设计生物实验时，往往要科学地设计对照实验，以获得较为科学的结论，通常的对照可以分为自身对照、空白对照、相互对照、条件对照等。

在探究温度和pH对果胶酶活性的影响时，是否设置了对照实验，是什么对照实验( C )A．不需要对照实验B．有对照，空白对照C．有对照，相互对照D．有对照，自身对照11、下列叙述不正确的是( C )A．从操作角度来思考，固定化细胞比固定化酶更容易B．固定化细胞比固定化酶对酶活性的影响更小C．固定化细胞固定的是一种酶D．将微生物的发酵过程变成连续的酶促反应应选择固定化细胞技术12、许多病原菌对青霉素产生了抗药性，科学家用青霉素酰化酶研制出了氨苄青霉素。

利用固定化青霉素酰化酶反应器，除严格控制温度和pH外，还必须严格要求的条件是( B ) A．高压B．无菌C．搅拌D．光照13、下列说法不正确的是( C )A．在探究果胶酶用量的实验中，虽然实验的变量发生了变化，但通过设置梯度来确定最适值的思想方法是不变的B．植物、霉菌、酵母菌和细菌均能产生果胶酶C．通过测定滤出的苹果汁的体积大小无法判断果胶酶活性的高低D．人们可以使用果胶酶、纤维素酶等来解决制作果汁面临的出汁率低、浑浊等问题14、在一个普通的锥形瓶中，加入含有酵母菌的葡萄糖溶液，如图，下列有关坐标图中不正确的是( B )15、下列操作中，对DNA的提取量影响较大的是( C )①使鸡血细胞在蒸馏水中充分破裂，释放出DNA等核物质②搅拌时，要用玻璃棒沿一个方向轻缓搅动③在析出DNA黏稠物时，要缓缓加蒸馏水，直至溶液中黏稠物不再增多④在用酒精沉淀DNA时，要使用冷酒精，甚至再将混合液放入冰箱中冷却⑤在DNA 的溶解和再溶解时，要充分搅拌A．①②④⑤ B．①②③④ C．①③④⑤ D．②③④⑤16、向溶有DNA的2 mol/L的NaCl溶液中不断加入蒸馏水，在这个过程中DNA和杂质蛋白质的溶解度变化情况分别是( C )A．减少、减少 B．增大、增大 C．先减小后增大、增大 D．减小、增大17、下列关于凝胶色谱法的原理及操作的叙述，不正确的是( C )A．是利用凝胶把分子大小不同的物质分离开的一种方法B．在洗脱过程中，大分子不能进入凝胶内部而最先流出，而小分子可以进入凝胶内部流速缓慢，最后流出C．凝胶内部有很多微细的多孔网状结构，其孔隙大小与被分离的物质分子的大小无相应关系D．一般情况下，凝胶对要分离的物质没有吸附作用，因此所有要分离的物质都应该被洗脱出来18、关于PCR引物的说法中，不正确的是( C )A．引物是PCR过程中与模板DNA部分序列互补，并能引导模板DNA的互补链合成的(脱氧)核苷酸序列B．引物常根据需要扩增的目标DNA的碱基序列用化学合成的方法获得C．DNA聚合酶只能使DNA链从引物的3′端开始向引物的5′端延伸D．引物的3′端必须具有游离的－OH 基团19、在血红蛋白的整个提取过程中，不断用磷酸缓冲液处理的目的是( D )A．防止血红蛋白被氧化B．血红蛋白是一种两性物质，需要酸中和C．磷酸缓冲液会加速血红蛋白的提取过程D．让血红蛋白处在稳定的pH范围内，维持其结构和功能20、PCR操作过程中，对于温度的控制，应当控制在(D )A．37℃B．室温C．80℃D．先为95℃，然后降至55℃，最后调至72℃21、有关PCR技术，下列叙述不正确的是( C )A．多聚酶链式反应，是一种体外迅速扩增DNA片段的技术B．在用PCR技术扩增DNA时，DNA的复制过程与细胞内DNA的复制类似C．PCR反应只需在一定的缓冲溶液中提供DNA模板以及四种脱氧核苷酸D．PCR一般经历三十多次循环，每次循环分为变性、复性、延伸22、下列操作正确的是( D )A．分离红细胞时采用低速长时间离心B．红细胞释放出血红蛋白只需要加入蒸馏水即可C．分离血红蛋白溶液要低速短时间离心D．透析时要用20 mmol/L的磷酸缓冲液，透析12 h23、取 1 mL血红蛋白溶液装入透析袋中进行透析，相关说法不正确的是( B )A．透析液为300 mL 20 mmol/L的磷酸缓冲液B．透析时间至少为1～2 h，时间过长血红蛋白也会渗漏出去C．除去了相对分子质量较小的杂质，实现了样品的粗分离D．透析也可用于更换样品的缓冲液24、向含有DNA的浓度较高的NaCl溶液中加入蒸馏水会使( A )A．DNA的溶解度下降B．DNA的溶解度上升C．蛋白质的溶解度下降D．使DNA和蛋白质充分溶解25、使用凝胶色谱法分离蛋白质时，洗涤红细胞、释放血红蛋白和透析过程中，分别使用下列哪些试剂( C )①蒸馏水②生理盐水③20 mmol/L的磷酸缓冲液④清水⑤柠檬酸钠A．①③⑤ B．①②③ C．②①③ D．④①③二、非选择题（共50分）27、（18分）回答下列有关“DNA的粗提取与鉴定”实验的问题。

(1)下列有关“DNA的粗提取与鉴定”实验原理的叙述正确的是( )A．DNA在NaCI溶液中的溶解度，随NaCI溶液浓度的降低而减小B．利用DNA不溶于酒精的性质，可除去细胞中溶于酒精的物质而得到较纯的DNAC．DNA是大分子有机物，不溶于水而溶于某些有机溶剂D．在沸水中，DNA遇二苯胺会出现紫色反应(2)由于鸡血较难找到，某学生试图用人血代替，结果没有成功，其原因最可能是( )A．操作方法不对B．人血含DNA太少C．NaCI溶液浓度太高D．加二苯胺太少(3)下图为该实验过程中的一些重要操作示意图：①正确的操作顺序是______________________。

②上图C、E步骤都加入蒸馏水，但其目的不同，分别是__________和__________。

③上图A步骤中所用酒精必须是经过__________才能使用，该步骤的目的是_____ ____ _。

④为鉴定A中所得到的丝状物的主要成分为DNA，可滴加__________试剂，沸水浴，如果出现__________则该丝状物的主要成分为DNA。

57、(1)B （2分）(2)B （2分）(3)①C→B→E→D→A（2分）②加速血细胞的破裂（2分）降低NaCI溶液的浓度，使DNA析出（2分）③充分预冷（2分）提取含杂质较少(或较纯净)的DNA（2分）(4)二苯胺(或甲基绿)（2分）蓝色(蓝绿色)（2分）28、（14分）下面是凝胶色谱法分离血红蛋白时样品加入(图Ⅰ)和洗脱(图Ⅱ)示意图。

请据图回答下列问题：(1)在加样品示意图中，正确的顺序是_______________________________ ______________________。

(2)用吸管加样品时，应注意正确操作，分别是：①__________________；②__________________；③________________。

(3)等样品______________________后，加入缓冲溶液。

待______________________接近色谱柱底端时，用试管收集流出液，每________ mL收集一管，连续收集。

50、(1)④→①→②→③（2分）(2)①不要破坏凝胶表面（2分）②贴着管壁加样（2分）③使吸管管口沿着管壁环绕移动（2分）(3)完全进入凝胶层（2分）红色的蛋白质（2分）5（2分）29、（18分）某工厂生产了一种加酶洗衣粉，其包装袋上印有如下部分说明。

成分：含碱性蛋白酶等。

用法：洗涤前先将衣物浸泡于含洗衣粉的水中数小时；使用温水效果更佳。

注意：①切勿用于洗涤丝质和毛质衣料。

②用后需要彻底清洗双手。

请回答以下问题：(1)质检局针对该洗衣粉设计了如图所示的实验进行检验，该实验的目的是________________________________________________________________________。

(2)某学生为探究该洗衣粉中酶催化作用的最适温度，参考上述实验(1)的实验材料及方法进行了有关实验，并把实验结果用右图的曲线表示。

①该实验中，温度、pH分别属于__________变量、________________变量。

②由图可知，使用该加酶洗衣粉的最适宜温度约为_____________________________。

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