10.神经科英文病历语句

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外科学英语病历书写常用词汇

外科学英语病历书写常用词汇

外科学英语病历书写常用词汇1. 主诉chief complaint:weakness, malaise, chills, fever, sleep, pain, headache, appetite, weight, stomach and bowels, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, urine, genitalia, neuropsychiatric disorders, respiration, shortness of breath, bleeding or discharge, etc.2. 现病史present illness:onset(date, mode), duration before present entry, exciting cause and environmental influences, prodromal symptoms, general symptoms, course or progress( location, duration, severity, continuity, intermission, radiation, treatment), aggravating and alleviating factors, loss of weight, appetite and strength, sleep, bowel movement, frequency of urination, menstruation, etc.3.既往史past history:1)former places of residence, previous stage of health( 健壮的robust,纤弱的delicate), experience with similar disease, immunity to infectious disease2)previous illness:麻疹measles, 腮腺炎mumps, 水痘chicken-pox, 百日咳pertussis, 流行性感冒influenza, 猩红热scarlet fever, 白喉diphtheria,伤寒typhoid fever, 支气管炎bronchitis, 肺炎pneumonia,脑炎encephalitis,脑膜炎meningitis,破伤风tetanus,小儿麻痹poliomyelitis,赤痢dysentery,霍乱cholera, 胸膜炎pleurisy,天花small-pox,疟疾malaria,结核病tuberculosis,黄疸病jaundice,过敏性反应allergy,etc3)venereal disease:specific symptoms, signs, and the disease by name, treatment.4)Accidents( date, any disability, sequelae), operation and hospitalization (date , procedure, name of hospital , physician, complications, bleeding tendency)4. 家族史family history:family tendency, presence of hereditary disorders, cancer, tuberculosis, mental disorder and nervous affection, rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, cerebral vascular accident, hemophilia, syphilis, tumor, epilespsy, allergy, contact with diseased individuals, relationship of patient’s childhood and adult life, age, health condition, and cause of death of parents, grandparents, self , spouse, siblings , or relatives.5.个人史personal history:1)Social history:fears, metal status, education, financial condition, number of dependents, family harmony or fractious , hygienic condition at home2)Marital history:duration of marriage, 1st or 2nd marriage, age and death of spouse and children ,cause and age at time of death, number of children , pregnancies, 流产次数miscarriages, 死产数stillbirths3)occupational history:duration of employment, past work, exact nature of work, exposure to occupational hazards, whether work is satisfactory or not.4)Habits:alcohol, tobacco, narcotic, coffee, tea, appetite, food habits, regularity of meals, rapidity of eating , bowel movements, sleep, exercise, interests, etc.6.系统检查system review:1)General:nutrition, fever, night sweats, tremor, weight gain or loss, weakness, allergy.2)Skin:荨麻疹hives, rash, eczema3)Head:trauma, headache, loss of hair4)Eyes:vision, pain glasses diplopia.5)Ears:pain, discharge, deafness, tinnitus.6)Nose:obstruction, discharge, epistaxis, rhinitis.7)Mouth:teeth, lips, gums, tongue, disturbance in taste.8)Throat.:sore throat, tonsillitis, 脓性扁桃腺炎quinsy, dysphagia9)Neck:adenitis, goiter , rigidity10)Cardiorespiratory:palpitation, tachycardia, blood pressure, chest pain, dyspnea, cough , hemoptysis , seasonal cold, expectoration.11)Gastrointestinal:appetite, nausea, vomiting, distress(before or after meals), melena, colic, jaundice, fullness, hernia, hemorrhoid, constipation, diarrhea, frequency of bowel movement , heartburn, idiosyncrasies, relation of symptoms to eating, type and quantity of food12)Genito-urinary:dysuria, urinary frequency, dribbling , hematuria, pyuria, nocturia and volume, enuresis, incontinence, sores about external genitalia, symptoms suggestive of syphilis(mucous patches, falling hair), urethral discharge, exposure to venereal infection, obstetric history, catamenia(age of onset, date of last period, cycle and amount, periodicity , dysmenorrheal, menopause) leucorrhea, associated headache13)Neuromuscular:神经过敏nervousness, emotional stress, weakness, muscle or joint pains, convulsion, numbness, neuralgia, anesthesia, muscular atrophies or dysatrophies, deformities.。

临床病症病历英文单词

临床病症病历英文单词

Case Records表格式住院病历Biographical data:一般项目Name Age Sex Marital status Native placeRace姓名年龄性别婚否籍贯民族Occupation Date of admission Informant职业入院日期病史叙述者History病史Chief complaint:主诉History of present illness:现病史Past history:既往史previous health status: well ordinary bad infectious diseases平素健康状况良好一般较差传染病史immunizations allergies: N Y clinical manifestation: allergen:预防接种史过敏史无有临床表现过敏原trauma history: surgery history:外伤史手术史Review of systems: (Tick if positive, cross out if negative. If positive, youshould write down your disease history and brief course of diagnose and therapy)系统回顾(有打√无打×阳性病史应在下面空间内填写发病时间及扼要诊疗经过)Respiratory system:呼吸系统sore throat chronic cough sputum hemoptysis wheezing dyspnea chestpain咽痛慢性咳嗽咳痰咯血哮喘呼吸困难胸痛Cardiovascular system:循环系统palpitation dyspnea on exertion hemoptysis syncope edema of lower limbsprecordial pain hypertention心悸活动后气促咯血晕厥下肢水肿心前区痛高血压Digestive system:消化系统anorexia sour regurgitation belching nausea vomit abdominal distentionabdominal pain食欲减退反酸嗳气恶心呕吐腹胀腹痛constipation diarrhea hematemesis melena hematochezia jaundice便秘腹泻呕血黑便便血黄疸Urinary system:泌尿系统lumbago frequent micturition urgent micturition urodynia dysuria hematurianocturia腰痛尿频尿急尿痛排尿困难血尿夜尿polyuria oliguria facial edema多尿少尿面部水肿Hemopoietic system:造血系统fatigue dizziness blurred vision gingival bleeding subcutaneous hemorrhageostealgia epistaxis乏力头昏眼花牙龈出血皮下出血骨痛鼻衄Metabolic and endocrine system: 代谢及内分泌系统excessive appetite anorexia sweets cold intolerance polydipsia polyuriatremor hands change of character食欲亢进食欲减退多汗畏寒多饮多尿双手震颤性格改变obvious obesity emaciation hairiness hair losing pigmentation change ofsexual function amenorrhea显著肥胖消瘦多毛毛发脱落色素沉着性功能改变闭经Musculoskeleton system:肌肉骨骼系统floating arthralgia arthralgia swelling of joints deformities of joints myalgia atrophy of muscle游走性关节痛关节痛关节红肿关节变形肌肉痛肌肉萎缩Nervous system:神经系统dizziness headache vertigo syncope degeneration of memory visual disturbance insomnia头昏头痛眩晕晕厥记忆力减退视力障碍失眠disturbance of consciousness tremor spasm paralysis paresthesia意识障碍颤动抽搐瘫痪感觉异常Personal history: 个人史birthplace occupation sexual history:N Y smoking:N Y about yrs average pieces/d出生地职业冶游史无有吸烟无有约年平均支/日ceased for yrs alcohol intake:N occasional frequent about yrs average ml/d others:戒烟年嗜酒无偶有经常约年平均 ml/日其它Marital history:婚姻史marrying age companion’s state of health结婚年龄配偶健康状况Menstruation and Childbearing history:月经及生育史lasting for daysmenarche age cycle days date of last period (age of menopause)初潮每次持续时间(天) 周期(天) 末次月经时间 (绝经年龄) amount of flow: little normal large menstrual pain: N Y cycle: regular irregular经量少一般多痛经无有经期规则不规则pregnancy: times natural labor times abortions times premature delivery times stillbirths times妊娠次顺产胎流产胎早产胎死产胎difficult labor and its condition: 难产及病情Family history: (pay attention to the congenital diseases and communicable diseases related to the patient)家族史(注意与患者现病有关的遗传病和传染性疾病)father: still alive illness died cause of death mother: still alive illness died cause of death父健在患病已故死因母健在患病已故死因siblings: others:兄弟姐妹子女及其他Physical examination体格检查Vital signs: temperature °C pulse /min respiration /min blood pressure / mmHg生命体征体温°C 脉搏次/分呼吸 /分血压/ mmHgGeneral Appearance:一般状况development: ortho-sthenic type asthenic type sthenic type nutrition: well fairly poor cachexia发育正常不良超常营养良好中等不良恶病质facial features: normal acute chronic others expressions: natural painful anxious dreadful indifferent面容无病容急性慢性病容其他表情自如痛苦忧虑恐惧淡漠position: active semi-recumbent others gait: normal abnormal体位自主半卧位其他步态正常不正常consciousness: aware somnolence confusion stupor coma delirium cooperation: well badly神志清楚嗜睡模糊昏睡昏迷谵妄配合检查合作不合作Skin, mucous membrane: color: normal red pale cyanosis yellow pigmentation rash: N Y(type and distribution ) 皮肤粘膜色泽正常潮红苍白紫绀黄染色素沉着皮疹无有(类型及分布 )subcutaneous hemorrhage: N Y(type and distribution ) hair: normal scattering losing(position )皮下出血无有(类型及分布 )毛发分布正常稀疏脱落(部位)moisture and temperature: normal cold dry wet elasticity: normal reduced edema:N Y(position and degree)温度与湿度正常冷干湿弹性正常减退水肿无有(部位及程度 ) hepatic palm: N Y spider angioma: N Y(position numbers ) others:肝掌无有蜘蛛痣无有(部位数目 ) 其他:Lymphnodes:淋巴结Superficial lymph nodes: non-swelling swelling(position and characteristics )全身浅表淋巴结无肿大肿大(部位及特 )Head:头部cranium: size: normal large small deformity: N Y (oxycephaly squared skull deforming skull)头颅大小: 正常大小畸型无有 (尖颅方颅变形颅) others: tenderness mass sunk(position )其他异常压痛包块凹陷(部位 )eyes: eyelid: normal edema ptosis trichiasis conjunctive: normal hyperemia edema hemorrhage眼眼睑正常水肿下垂倒睫结膜正常充血水肿出血eye ball: normal exophthalmos depression tremor motion dysfunction(left right )眼球正常突出凹陷震颤运动障碍 (左右 )sclera: normal yellow cornea: normal abnormal(left right ) pupils: equal roundness巩膜无黄染黄染角膜正常异常 (左右 ) 瞳孔等圆same size unequal left cm, right cm reaction to light: normal delay(left right )等大不等左 cm , 右 cm 对光反射正常迟钝(左右 ) disappear(left right) others:消失 (左右 ) 其他ears: auricle: normal deformity fistula others(left right ) excretions of external canal: N Y(left right feature)耳耳廓正常畸型瘘管其他 (左右 ) 外耳道分泌物无有(左右性质)tenderness of mastoid: N Y (left right ) audition dysfunction: N Y (left right )乳突压痛无有(左右 ) 听力障碍无有 (左右 )nose: shape: normal abnormal( ) other abnormalities: N Y nasal ale flap obstruction excretions鼻外形正常异常( ) 其他异常无有鼻翼扇动鼻塞分泌物nasal sinus tenderness: N Y (position )鼻窦压痛无有 (部位 )mouth: lips: red cyanosis pale herpes fissure mucous: normal abnormal(pale bleeding)口唇红润发绀苍白疱疹皲裂粘膜: 正常异常 (苍白出血点) opening of parotid gland duct: normal abnormal (swelling pyogenicexcretions )腮腺导管开口正常异常 (肿胀脓性分泌物 ) tongue: normal abnormal(coverings tremor leaning to left or right) gums: normal swelling pus overflow舌正常异常 (舌苔伸舌震颤向左、右偏斜) 牙龈正常肿胀溢脓hemorrhage pigments lead line teeth: regular edentulous carious teeth false tooth出血色素沉着牙列齐缺牙龋牙义牙tonsils: pharynx: voice: normal hoarse扁桃体咽声音正常嘶哑Neck: resistance: N Y carotid artery pulsation: normal increased decreased(left right )颈部抵抗感无有颈动脉搏动正常增强减弱 (左右 ) jugular vein: normal distention high distention trachea: middle deviation to (left right )颈静脉正常充盈怒张气管正中偏移 (向左向右 ) hepatojugular reflux:(-)(+)thyroid: normal swelling degree symmetry dominance in one side:肝颈静脉回流征(-)(+)甲状腺正常肿大度对称侧为主spreading nodular: soft hard others: N Y (tenderness tremor bruits )弥漫性结节性质软质硬其他异常无有( 压痛震颤血管杂音)Chest: topography: normal barrel chest flat chest pigeon chest funnel chest bulging or retraction(left right )胸部胸廓正常桶状胸扁平胸鸡胸漏斗胸膨隆或凹陷(左右 )bulging in the precordial region tenderness of sternum心前区膨隆胸骨压痛breast: normal symmetrical abnormal: left right(gynecomastia mass tenderness excretions of nipples)乳房正常对称异常左右 (男子乳房发育包块压痛乳头分泌物) Lung:肺inspection: movement of respiration: normal abnormal: left right(increased decreased)视诊呼吸运动正常异常: 左右 (增强减弱) intercostal space: normal wide narrow(position )肋间隙正常增宽变窄 (部位 )palpation: vocal fremitus: normal abnormal: left right(increased decreased) pleural friction rubs: N Y(position )触诊语颤正常异常: 左右 (增强减弱) 胸膜摩擦感无有(部位 ) percussion: resonance abnormal: dullness flatness hyperresonance tympany叩诊正常清音异常叩诊音浊音实音过清音鼓音lower borders: scapular line: right intercostal space left intercostal space 肺下界肩胛线右肋间左肋间range of mobility: right cm, left cm移动度右 cm , 左 cmauscultation: breath: regular irregular听诊呼吸规整不规整breath sound: normal abnormal(feature, position )呼吸音正常异常(性质,部位描写 )rales: N Y : ronchi: sonorous sibilant罗音无有干性鼾音哨笛音moist rales: coarse medium fine rales crepitus湿性大中小水泡音捻发音(部位见图)vocal conduction: normal abnormal: reduced increased语音传导正常异常减弱增强pleural friction rubs: N Y(position )胸膜摩擦音无有(部位 )Heart:心inspection: bulging in precordial region: N Y apex impulse: normal unseen increased diffusing视诊心前区隆起无有心尖搏动正常未见增强弥散position: normal deviation(the distance from midclavicular line cm)心尖搏动位置正常移位 (距左锁中线内外 cm)other precordial pulsations: N Y(position )其他部位搏动无有(部位 )palpation: apex impulse: normal increased thrust unclear thrills: NY(position period )触诊心尖搏动正常增强抬举感触不清震颤无有(部位时期 )pericardial friction rubs: N Y心包摩擦感无有percussion: relative cardiac outline: normal shrink extant(right left)叩诊相对浊音界正常缩小扩大(右左)right(cm) intercostal space left(cm)右(cm) 肋间左(cm)锁中线距前正中线距离(cm)auscultation: heart rate bpm/min rhythm(regular irregular absolutely irregular)听诊心率次/分心律 (齐不齐绝对不齐)heart sound: S1 normal increased decreased split S2 normal increased decreased split心音 S1 正常增强减弱分裂 S2 正常增强减弱分裂S3 N Y S4 N Y A2 P2S3 无有 S4 无有 A2 P2extra heart sound: N gallop(diastolic presystolic summation gallop) openingsnap others额外心音无奔马律(舒张期收缩期前重叠性) 开瓣音其他murmurs: N Y (degree conduction)杂音无有 (图示并描述强度、传导)apical region aortic area pulmonary area tricuspid area心尖部主A瓣区肺A瓣区三尖瓣区left sternal border in 3nd intercostal space pericardial friction rubs: N Y胸骨左缘第3肋间心包摩擦音无有Peripheral vessels: normal pistol shot: N Y Duroziez sign: N Y water hammerpulse: N Y周围血管无异常血管征枪击音无有杜柔双重音无有水冲脉无有capillary pulsation:N Y pulse deficit:N Y paradoxical pulse:N Y pulsus alternans:N Y other:毛细血管搏动无有脉搏短绌无有奇脉无有交替脉无有其他Abdoman:腹部inspection: shape:normal distention frog belly cm scaphoid abdomenapical belly视诊外形正常膨隆蛙腹(腹围 cm) 舟状腹尖腹gastric pattern intestinal pattern peristalsis abdominal respiration: exist disappear胃型肠型蠕动波腹式呼吸存在消失umbilicus: normal protruding excretions脐正常凸出分泌物others: N Y(venous distention of abdomen purple striae surgical scars hernia)其他异常无有 (腹壁静脉曲张条纹手术疤痕疝)palpation: soft muscle tension position tenderness: N Y rebound tenderness:N Y触诊柔软腹肌紧张部位压痛无有反跳痛无有fluid thrill: N Y succusion splash: N Y masses: N Y(position size )液波震颤无有振水音无有腹部包块无有(部位大小见图示) description of feature:特征描述liver: not touched be touched: subcostal cm肝未触及可触及: 肋下 cmdescription of feature:特征描述gallbladder: not touched be touched: size cm胆囊未触及可触及大小 cmtenderness: N Y Murphy's sign: (+) (-)压痛无有 Murphy征阳性阴性spleen: not touched be touched: from costal margin cm脾: 未触及可触及肋下 cmdescription of feature:特征描述kidney: not touched be touched: size consistency tenderness mobility肾未触及可触及大小硬度压痛移动度tenderness of ureters: N Y(position )输尿管压痛点无有(部位 )percussion: borders of liver dullness(exist shrink obliteration)叩诊肝浊音界 (存在缩小消失)upper border of liver: on right midclavicular line intercostal space肝上界位于右锁骨中线肋间shifting dullness: N Y tenderness in renal region: N Y(right left )移动性浊音无有肾区叩痛无有(左右 )auscultation: gurgling sound: normal increased decreased disappear vessel bruits: N Y(position )听诊肠鸣音正常亢进减弱消失血管杂音无有(部位 ) Genitalia: not examined normal abnormal:生殖器未查正常异常Rectum and Anus: not examined normal abnormal:肛门直肠未查正常异常Spine and Extremities:脊柱四肢spine: normal deformities(lateral anterior posterior protruding)脊柱正常畸型 ( 侧前后凸)acanthi: tenderness pain at percussion(position ) mobility: normal restricted棘突压痛叩痛 (部位 ) 活动度正常受限limbs: normal abnormal deformity swelling of joints joints stiffness tenderness of muscles四肢正常异常畸型关节红肿关节强直肌肉压痛atrophy of muscles venous distention of lower limbs(position and feature ) acropachy肌肉萎缩下肢静脉曲张 (部位及特征 ) 杵状指趾Nervous System:神经系统muscle tone(normal increase decrease paratonia) myodynamia(0 I II III IV V)肌张力( 正常增高减弱强直) 肌力 (0 I II III IV V级) paralysis of limbs: N Y(left right upper lower)肢体瘫痪无有 (左右上下)reflex: abdominal wall reflex(normal ) biceps reflex:left(normal )right(normal )神经反射腹壁反射 (正常 ) 肱二头肌反射左(正常 )右(正常 ) triceps reflex: left(normal ) right(normal ) patellar reflex: left(normal ) right (normal )肱三头肌反射左(正常 )右(正常 ) 膝反射左(正常 ) 右(正常 ) achilles reflex: left(normal ) right (normal )跟腱反射左(正常 )右(正常 )Hoffmann sign: left (+) (-) right (+) (-) Babinski sign: left (+) (-) right(+) (-) Oppenheim sign: left (+) (-) right(+) (-)Hoffmann征左(+) (-) 右 (+) (-) Babinski征左(+) (-) 右 (+) (-) Oppenheim 征左(+) (-) 右 (+) (-) Kernig sign: left (+) (-) right (+) (-) Brudzinski sign: left (+) (-) right(+) (-) others:Kernig征左(+) (-) 右(+) (-) Brudzinski征左 (+) (-) 右 (+) (-) 其他Laboratory findings实验室及器械检查结果(The important laboratory examinations,X-ray,ECG and other result are included),No. X-ray(重要的化验、X线、心电图及其它有关化验) X线片号Abstract病历摘要Diagnosis(Impressions)入院诊断Recorder(Signature)病史记录者(签字)Date of record记录日期。

10.神经科英文病历语句

10.神经科英文病历语句

14
内科查体





Her abdomen was soft and nontender. Bowel sounds are present and within normal limits. There is no tenderness to palpation and no masses are felt. There is no hepatosplenomegaly. The abdomen was distended, and there was evidence of ascites. A surgical scar was present over the right lower quadrant. The liver edge descended 3.5 cm below the right costal margin; the spleen was not felt. There was pitting (++) edema of the right leg to the knee.
15
神经科查体



On neurologic examination,…… Normal on …… …… was intact. …… was grossly unaffected. Physical examination was within normal limits with no evidence of …… His score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (which ranges from 0 to 34, with higher scores indicating greater deficits) was 20. she appeared well.

双语病例——神经结节病

双语病例——神经结节病

双语病例——神经结节病朗读老师:Jane 天津某医院翻译老师:张翠浙江省立同德医院审校老师:姜春雷青岛市第九人民医院57-year-old woman with fatigue, weakness, headaches57 岁女性,疲劳、乏力、头痛History and MR images病史和磁共振图像History: A 57-year-old woman presents with progressive fatigue, weakness, and headaches.病史:一名 57 岁女性表现为进行性疲劳、乏力和头痛。

Axial T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), and precontrast T1-weighted MR images, as well as axial and coronal postcontrast T1-weighted images, are shown below. Click to enlarge.横断位 T2 加权、液体衰减反转恢复 (FLAIR) 和 T1 加权 MR 图像,以及横断位和冠状位增强 T1 加权图像如下所示。

点击放大。

Findings 结果MRI demonstrates innumerable punctate T2/FLAIR hyperintense, enhancing nodules in the centrum semiovale, corona radiata, basal ganglia, brainstem, and visualized upper cervical spine bilaterally. Many of these nodules appear near the deep penetrating vessels along the perivascular spaces.MRI 显示无数点状T2/FLAIR 高信号,双侧半卵圆中心、放射冠、基底神经节、脑干和上颈髓中强化的结节。

英文神经病学重点整理

英文神经病学重点整理

CNⅠ: Olfactory Nerve (嗅神经)Foster-Kennedy syndrome:Frontal lobe tumors cause optic atrophy on the side of the tumor, papilledema & smell on the opposite side.见于额叶底部肿瘤,表现为病变侧因肿瘤压迫而视神经萎缩,病变对侧因高颅压而视乳头水肿和嗅觉减退Optic Nerve (视神经)Clinical Correlation视力障碍&视野缺损•Optic nerve -Ipsilateral visual loss(同侧全盲)•Optic chiasm - Bitemporal hemianopsia (双颞侧偏盲)•Optic tract - Contralateral incongruous homonymous hemianopsia (对侧视野同向偏盲)•Optic radiations - Quadrantic field defect(象限盲)1.视辐射全损坏:对侧视野同向偏盲2.视辐射下部损害(颞叶):对侧视野同向上象限盲3.视辐射上部损害(顶叶):对侧视野同向下象限盲•Occiptal lobe - cortical blindness/Contralateral congruous homonymous hemianopia•对侧视野同向偏盲,对光反射存在& macular sparing黄斑回避Oculomotor Nerve/III (动眼神经)外侧核:上睑提肌&上直肌(上&内)/下直肌(下&内)/内直肌(内)/下斜肌(上&外)正中核:内直肌(辐辏运动)&调节反射)1.上睑下垂Ptosis2.外下斜视/分离性斜视Divergent strabismus3.瞳孔散大Dilated pupil4.调节反射&对光反射消失Loss of light and accommodation reflex5.复视DiplopiaTrochlear Nerve / IV (滑车神经)上斜肌:下&外Abducens paralysis/ VI (外展神经)外直肌:外Internuclear ophthalmoplegia核间性麻痹/medial longitudinal fasciculus syndrome内侧纵束综合征Reflects disconnection of the oculomotor nucleus from the contralateral lateral gaze centreWhen attempting to look the contralateral side, Ipsilateral eye fails to adduct, contralateral eye abduct with nystagmus, convengence reflex is normal.脑桥侧视中枢&动眼神经核之间内侧纵束上行纤维病变患侧眼不能内收,对侧眼球外展伴有眼震,辐辏反射正常2.后核间性眼肌麻痹脑桥侧视中枢&外展神经核之间内侧纵束下行纤维病变患侧眼不能外展,对侧眼球内收正常(伴有眼震?),辐辏反射正常3.一个半综合征one and a half syndrome一侧脑桥侧视中枢&对侧交叉来的内侧纵束同时受累患侧眼球不能内收&外展,对侧眼球不能内收,外展时伴有眼震Uppernuclear ophthalmoplegia核上性麻痹1.侧向凝视麻痹1)皮质侧视中枢(额中回后部)受损,双眼向病灶侧共同偏视Lobe gaze centre injure, fail to attempting to look the contralateral side.2)皮质下侧视中枢(脑桥)受损,双眼向病灶对侧共同偏视2.垂直凝视麻痹皮质下垂直同向运动中枢(上丘-上半司向上运动,下半司向下运动)受损,双眼垂直运动障碍;核上性麻痹共同特点:•No Diplopia 无复视•two eyes involved双眼同时受累;•reflex movement exist麻痹性眼肌的反射性运动仍保存(不能随意向一侧运动,但声响可产生转向该侧的反射活动)Horner’s syndromeThe descending sympathetic tract由颈上交感神经径路损害所致Lesions result in ipsilateral病变同侧:1.miosis / Small pupil瞳孔缩小d ptosis眼睑下垂3.hemi-anhidrosis / loss of sweating in lesion side损面无汗4.apparent enophthalmos眼球内陷Trigeminal Nerve三叉神经周围分布VS中枢分布Peripheral:眼支ophthalmic nerve &上颌支maxillary nerve &下颌支mandibular nerve,破坏性症状表现为分布区域痛觉、温觉、触觉均减弱或消失,角膜反射减弱或消失,咀嚼肌瘫痪Central:三叉神经脊束核(痛温觉),病变后表现为同侧面部呈剥洋葱样分离性感觉障碍,痛温觉缺失而触觉存在(部分三叉神经脊束核),咀嚼肌无力、萎缩、张口时下颌偏斜(三叉神经运动核)facial nerve 面神经双侧皮质脑干束调控:上部面肌-额肌&皱眉肌&眼轮匝肌对侧皮质脑干束调控:下部面肌-颧肌&颊肌&口轮匝肌&颈阔肌Vestibulocochlear Nerve 前庭蜗神经/位听神经Glossopharyngeal Nerve & Vagus Nerve舌咽神经&迷走神经Hypoglossal Nerve 舌下神经 上运动神经元&下运动神经元 瘫痪鉴别Cerebral hemisphere 大脑半球(额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、岛叶、边缘叶)Frontal lobe 额叶(主要与随意运动和高级精神活动有关,有运动中枢:中央前回-锥体束,运动前区-锥体外系) 1.Right hemiplegia 右侧偏瘫(中央前回运动中枢)2.head and eyes turned to the left头眼转向对侧损坏病灶(额中回后部侧视中枢) 3.inapproprite social behavior 行为异常,personality change 人格改变(额极损害)4.loss of initiative 定向力丧失, dementia 痴呆5.release of sucking and grasping reflexes 吮吸强握(对随意运动失去控制能力所致,额上回后部近中央前回) Grasp reflex & groping reflex 强握反射&摸索反射6.gait apraxia 共济失调步态/额叶性共济失调(运动前区的额-桥-小脑束,病变对侧下肢运动笨拙、步态蹒跚)7.sphincteric incontinence 二便失禁(旁中央小叶)8.Broca ’s expressive aphasia 运动性失语(优势半球额下回后部/Broca 区损害,表现为口语表达障碍,患者能理解语anosmia on the opposite side .见于额叶底部肿瘤,表现为病变侧因肿瘤压迫而视神经萎缩,病变对侧因高颅压而视乳头水肿和嗅觉减退Parietal lobe顶叶(感觉中枢、运用中枢、视觉语言中枢)1.hemihypoesthesia偏身感觉减退:复合性感觉为主的感觉障碍,如实体觉、位置觉、两点辨别觉、皮肤定位觉丧失,但一般感觉正常;刺激性病变则出现病灶对侧局限性感觉性癫痫发作2.astereognosis体象障碍(非优势半球受累,自体认识不能autotopagnosia&病觉缺失anosognosia)3.Gerstmann’s syndrome古兹曼综合征(优势半球顶叶角回损害,dyscalculia失算症/计算不能,finger agnosia手指/观念性/结构性/观念运动性)Temporal lobe颞叶(与听觉、语言、记忆和精神活动有关,包括听觉中枢、感觉性语言中枢、嗅味觉中枢)1. contralateral homonymous upper quandrantanopia对侧视野同向上偏盲(颞叶深部的视放射和视束受损)2. hearing impairments听觉障碍(颞横回听觉中枢),钩回发作(幻嗅&幻味)heterosmia嗅觉异常parageusia味觉异常(颞叶钩回嗅味觉中枢损害)Akinetic mutism无动性缄默症又称睁眼昏迷,患者对外界刺激无意识反应,四肢不能动,可呈不典型去脑强直状态,可无目的睁眼或眼球运动,觉醒-睡眠周期保留或睡眠过度,可伴高热、心律不齐、尿便潴留或失禁等自主神经功能紊乱,肌肉松弛,无锥体束征。

神经衰弱门诊病历模板范文

神经衰弱门诊病历模板范文

神经衰弱门诊病历模板范文英文回答:Neurasthenia, also known as nervous exhaustion or nerve weakness, is a medical condition characterized by physical and mental fatigue, irritability, and difficulty concentrating. It is often caused by prolonged stress, overwork, or emotional trauma. As a result, patients may experience symptoms such as headaches, insomnia, muscle aches, and digestive problems.When a patient comes to the neurology clinic with symptoms of neurasthenia, a comprehensive medical historyis taken to understand the underlying causes and triggers. This includes asking about the patient's lifestyle, work environment, and any recent stressful events. Additionally, a physical examination is conducted to rule out any other potential medical conditions that may be contributing to the symptoms.Once a diagnosis of neurasthenia is confirmed, a treatment plan is developed to address the patient'sspecific needs. This usually involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle modifications. Medications such as antidepressants or anxiolytics may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and improve overallwell-being. Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapyor relaxation techniques, can also be beneficial inteaching patients coping mechanisms and stress management strategies.In addition to medical interventions, lifestyle modifications are crucial in the management of neurasthenia. This includes ensuring adequate rest and sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical exercise. Patients may also benefit from incorporating stress-reducing activities into their daily routine, such as yoga, meditation, or hobbies they enjoy.It is important to note that the treatment of neurasthenia is highly individualized, as differentpatients may respond differently to various interventions.Therefore, regular follow-up appointments are necessary to assess the effectiveness of the treatment plan and make any necessary adjustments.In conclusion, neurasthenia is a medical condition characterized by physical and mental fatigue, often caused by prolonged stress or emotional trauma. A comprehensive medical history and physical examination are essential in diagnosing the condition, and treatment typically involvesa combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle modifications. By addressing the underlying causes and providing appropriate support, patients can effectively manage their symptoms and improve their overall well-being.中文回答:神经衰弱,也称为神经疲劳或神经衰弱,是一种以身体和精神疲劳、易怒和注意力不集中为特征的医学状况。

神经外科精选病例英文版

神经外科精选病例英文版

Case1:Brain trauma:epidural hematoma脑外伤:硬膜外血肿Case2:Brain trauma:epidural hematoma脑外伤:硬膜外血肿Case3:Brain trauma:chronic subdural hematoma脑外伤:慢性硬膜下血肿Case4:Posterior fossa subdural hematoma(PFSDH)in neonate新生儿后颅窝硬膜下血肿Case5:Astrocytoma o f frontal lobe额叶星形细胞瘤Case6:Glioblastoma multiforme of frontal lobe额叶多形胶母细胞瘤Case7:Glioblastoma multiforme located near motor cortex运动区附近的多形胶母细胞瘤Case8:Choroid plexus papilloma of third ventricle(transcallosal approach)三脑室脉络丛乳头状瘤(经胼胝体入路)Case9:Hypothalamic glioma丘脑下部胶质瘤Case10:Chiasmal glioma视交叉胶质瘤Case11:Meningioma of the anterior skull base前颅底脑膜瘤Case12:Olfactory groove meningioma嗅沟脑膜瘤Case13:Lateral sphenoid wing meningioma蝶骨嵴外侧脑膜瘤Case14:Medial sphenoid wing meningioma蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤Case15:Sphenocavernous meningioma蝶骨嵴海绵窦脑膜瘤Case16:Recurrent meningioma involving the cavernous sinus 海绵窦复发性脑膜瘤Case17:Suprasellar meningioma鞍上脑膜瘤Case18:Tuberculum sellae-planum sphe noidale meningioma 鞍结节蝶骨平台脑膜瘤Case19:Meningioma of the left optic sheath左视神经鞘脑膜瘤Case20:Clivus meningioma斜坡脑膜瘤Case21:A recurrent inferior clival menin gioma(with far lateral approach)复发性斜坡下段脑膜瘤(远外侧入路)Case22:Petroclival meningioma岩斜脑膜瘤Case23:Petroclival middle fossa meningioma岩斜中颅窝脑膜瘤Case24Trigeminal meningioma三叉神经脑膜瘤Case25:Cerebellopontine angle meningioma(located anterior to the IAM)小脑桥脑角脑膜瘤(内听道前)Case26:Cerebellopontine angle meningioma(located posterior to the IAM)小脑桥脑角脑膜瘤(内听道后)Case27:Incisural meningioma小脑幕切迹脑膜瘤Case28:Jugular foramen meningioma颈静脉孔区脑膜瘤Case29:CraniospinaL meningioma颅颈交界部脑膜瘤30:Meningioma(C2-3)脊膜瘤(颈2~3)Case31:Pituitary adenoma(chromophobe type)垂体瘤(嫌色性)Case32:Pituitary macroadenoma in acro-megaly垂体大腺瘤伴肢端肥大症Case33:Pituitary macroadenoma in aero megaly垂体大腺瘤伴肢端肥大症case34:Recurrence of an extensive para-and suprasellar pituitary adenoma复发性鞍旁鞍上垂体瘤Case35:Pituitary adenoma(complicated by postoperative CCF)垂体瘤(术后并发颈动脉—海绵窦瘘)Case36:Pituitary chromophobe adenoma(oculomotor nerve repair using interposed nerve graft)垂体嫌色细胞腺瘤(用神经移植修复动眼神经)Case37:Large pituitary adenoma with very extensive intracranial growth垂体大腺瘤伴广泛颅内生长Case38:Entirely suprasellar symptomatic RathkcTs cleft cyst鞍上症状性Rathke裂囊肿Case39:Intraventricular craniopharyngi oma内颅咽管瘤脑室Case40:Craniopharyngioma with invasion of the third ventricle and obstructive hydrocephalus颅咽管瘤侵入第三脑室伴埂阻性脑积水Case41:Craniopharyngioma(spontaneous reduction)颅咽管瘤(自发消退)Case42:Trigeminal neurinoma三叉神经瘤Case43-Trigeminal neurinoma三叉神经瘤Case44;Neurofibroma of the infratemporal fossa颞下窝神经纤维瘤Case45:Neurinoma of the abducens nerve外展神经瘤Case46:Schwannoma in the petrous bone岩骨内神经鞘瘤Case47:Glossopharyngeal schwannoma舌咽神经鞘瘤Case48:Neurinoma of the jugular foramen颈静脉孔区神经瘤Case49:Neurinoma of the jugular foramen颈静脉孔区神经瘤Case50:Schwannoma located anterior to cervicomedullary junction 延颈髓交界处前方神经鞘瘤Case51:Epidermoid tumor of the cerebel lopontine angle小脑桥脑角表皮样肿瘤Case52:Epidermoid tumor of the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus海绵窦侧壁表皮样肿瘤Case53:Cerebellopontine angle lipoma小脑桥脑角脂肪瘤Case54:Intracranial germ cell tumor颅内生殖细胞瘤Case55:Papillary adenoma of endolym phatic sac origin源自内淋巴囊的乳头状腺瘤Case56:Esthesioneuroblastoma of nasal cavity and adjacent paranasal sinuses 鼻腔和鼻旁窦感觉神经母细胞瘤Case57:Angiofibroma of paranasal sinu ses,nasopharynx and skull base鼻旁窦、鼻咽和颅底血管纤维瘤Case58:Intrinsic brainstem tumor(glioma)脑干肿瘤(胶质瘤)Case59:Brain stem tumor(astrocytoma)脑干肿瘤(星形细胞瘤)Case60:Brainstem tumor(hemangioblas toma)脑干肿瘤(血管母细胞瘤)I120TYPICAL CASES OF NEUROSURGERYCase1:Brain trauma:epidural hematoma脑外伤:硬膜外血肿A65-year-old right-handed man was transferred to the hospital approximately16hours after suffering head trauma with loss of consciousness in a motor-vehicle accident.Examination.General examination was remarkable for a left parietal scalp laceration,left hemotympanum,and right periorbital hematoma.Funduscopic examination was within normal limits.Neurological examination revealed an alert patient oriented to time and person but not to place.A mixed aphasia was present with expressive and conductive elements.Sensory examination was normal.There was left-sided weakness;however;the patient did have a positive Babinski sign on the left.The remainder of the neurological examination was normal.Skull films revealed a left parietal linear skull fracture.Course.The patient was admitted to the hospital for observation,and over the next24hours had modest but definite improvement in his aphasia.A CT scan was obtained approximately24hours after injury,and this reveals a left epidural hematoma with a3-mm shift of midline structures from left to right, and effacement of the left lateral ventricle.Because the patient had been improving neurologically,surgery was withheld pendin g any evidence of neurological deterioration.By the2nd day,the patient had complete resolution of his aphasia except for a very mild dysnomic component.Follow-up CT scan on the4th hospital day demonstrated no significant change from the performed24hours after admission.The patient continued to improve and was discharged asymptomatic following complete resolution of his neurological deficits and headaches on the6th hospital day.Repeat CT scans were obtained on the17th and30th postinjury day.These showed gradual but complete resolution of theepidural hematoma.Case2:Brain trauma:epidural hematoma脑外伤:硬膜外血肿A21-year-old man was transferred to the hospital3days after suffering a closed-head injury with loss of consciousness.On admission,the patient was complaining of severe right-sided headaches.Examination.The general examination demonstrated a right parietal laceration.Neurological examination showed a mild abnormality of recent memory,but was otherwise within normal limits.Plain films demonstrated a linear right temporal-parietal skull fracture.Course.The patient underwent CT scan on the day of admission.This revealed a right temporal-parietal epidural hematoma associated with a4-to4. 5-mm shift from right to left.Because the patient demonstrated no neurological deficit,he was treated nonoperatively.During the hospital course, the patient had steady and complete resolution of his headache.Repeat CT scan, 1week after admission,demonstrated persistent right epidural hematoma,with less shift than noted previously.The patient was discharged withoutneurological deficit,A third scan,repeated7weeks after injury,demonstrated complete resolution of the epidural hematoma.Case3:Brain trauma:chronic subdural hematoma脑外伤:慢性硬膜下血肿You are asked to see a27-year-old woman,a successful corporate lawyer, because of increasing headaches which began approximately1month ago.She first noted headache several days after returning from a ski trip with her husband and two children.The headaches are bifrontal,throbbing,and increasing in severity.During the past week she has awaked from sleep on several occasions with headache and vomit ing.In addition,her husband describes her as more apathetic and less"sharp"at work than usual.One week ago she saw a local physician who prescribed Valium.There have been no visual,motor,or sensory complaints.She is not on any medications,has no other medical illnesses,and has suffered no recent trauma.On examination, she was tearful and complained of severe steady headache and an inability to sleep for several days.She relied on her husband for most of the details of her illness.On several occasions,she did not respond to questions asked directly to her and the questions had to be repeated.There was no aphasia,but detailed mental status testing was impossible because of her agitated state.Examination of the optic fundi revealed an absence of venous pulsations and blurring of the disc margins.The remainder of the cranial nerveexamination was normal.There was a mild pronator drift of the right arm but power was otherwise normal.There was reflex asymmetry(3/5on the right, 2/5on the left)and plantar responses were flexor on the left and equivocal on the right.Tone,sensory,and cerebellar examinations were within normal limits, and her gait was normal.A CT scan was performed.The scan shows a large, left-sided,isodense?chronic subdural hematoma.On the nonenhanced scan, the subdural hematoma itself was not visible because of its isodense character, but a shift of the lateral ventricles due to mass effect was seen.With contrast enhancement9the membranous wall of the subdural hematoma can be seen and the size of the subdural collection is clearly outlined.The treatment for symptomatic,chronic subdural hematomas is surgical evacuation.In patients with small,stable subdural hematomas,or in those for whom surgery is contraindicated,medical management with corticosteroids and dehydrating agents(mannitol)may be successful.In this patient surgical evacuation was performed with excellent results.Case4:Posterior fossa subdural hematoma(PFSDH)in neonate新生儿后颅窝硬膜下血肿This newborn female was born at a gestational age of40weeks,weighing 3780g,to a gravida2para1mother.Forceps were applied to the fetal head for failure to progress.Apgar scores were6and9.Within the1st day of life,the baby was observed to be listless and lethargic and to have a poor suck.Theanterior fontanelle was tense.Seizures developed.Endotracheal intubation and ventilation were required for bradycardia and apneic episodes. The hemogram was normal.A lumbar puncture was performed to rule out central nervous system sepsis,and bloody cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)was obtained.CT was then performed,and a large PFSDH was observed in addition to moderate ventriculomegaly.A neurosurgical consultation was obtained.The neonate was quadriplegic on a ventilator,making only the occasional respiratory effort.The neonate was taken urgently to surgery,and a posterior fossa craniectomy was performed.The clot could be removed from the posterior fossa subdural space.The bleeding sites were identified and successfully coagulated. The infant did not require an external ventricular drain nor did she go on to develop progressive hydrocephalus.She began to breathe readily after the posterior fossa decompression and clot evacuation.She was weaned from the ventilator within4days.Subsequent CT showed minimal left cerebellar parenchymal involvement with calcification and volume loss.The ventriculomegaly had resolved completely.At4years of age,the child walked and talked normally.A right esotropia remained that had persisted since surgery.Case5:Astrocytoma of frontal lobe额叶星形细胞瘤The patient was a48-year-old male who presented with complaints ofincreasingly severe headaches.Workup at another hospital revealed a lucent left frontal lesion.The biopsy diagnosis was grade III astrocytoma.He was referred to our hospital after external radiation therapy was delivered.Neurological exam revealed mild bradykinesia,but was otherwise unremarkable.He was admitted and underwent a left frontal lobectomy,with gross total tumor resection.One month later he underwent stereotactic implantation of brachytherapy catheters.He received6000rads to the margins of the tumor cavity.Subsequent scans revealed progressively worsening enhancement, edema?and shift around the tumor cavity.Reoperation was undertaken with resection of all grossly abnormal tissue.Pathologic analysis revealed radiation necrosis and tumor.The patient is alive5years later,with no evidence of disease progression.Case6:Glioblastoma multiforme of frontal lobe额叶多形胶母细胞瘤A healthy6-year-old woman presented with a3-month history of puted tomography demonstrated a ring-enhancing lesion in the right frontal lobe.She was not immune-suppressed or on steroids.The rim was T2hypointense and Tl hyperintense.There was a small amount of surrounding edema.Brain abscess was considered in the differential diagnosis? but a tumor was believed more likely,because;(1)there was an eccentric areaof capsular thickening(2)edema was minimal,and(3)the clinical course was long.At operation,glioblastoma multiforme was encountered.Substances with unpaired electrons exhibit an unusual combination of increased Tl signal and decreased T2signal termed paramagnetism.Methemoglobin,melanin,and gadolinium are familiar paramagnetic substances.In an abscess capsule, paramagnetic changes occur because macrophages release free-radicals that contain unpaired electrons.Although uncommon,clinicians should be aware that paramagnetic rim signal may also be observed in metastasis,primary brain tumors,gran-ulomas like tuberculosis,and in large demyelinating plaques.Case7:Glioblastoma multiforme located near motor cortex运动区附近的多形胶母细胞瘤HistoryPatient A.L.is a23-year-old right handed man from Hebei who works as a painter and has had nocturnal seizures for approximately two years.In January the seizures increased in frequency and began to occur during the day. They are associated with turning of the head and shoulders to the right prior to generalization.The patient is confused and fatigued afterwards,but does not have a neurologic deficit.A scan was done in February and this demonstrates an area of nonenhancement in the posterior portion of the superior frontal convolution,with a small contrast enhancing area in the center of the lesion. The latter approximately3mm,the former measures approximately3.5cm.The scan was repeated recently and it appeared that the lesion had grown slightly.Stereotactic biopsy was recommended.The parent in fact was scheduled for a biopsy in Hebei but they decided to seek another opinion.The patient is presently on Dtlantin100mg three times per day.Past medical history is noncontributory,Family history and social history are not significant.Physical ExaminationThe patient is a well nourished,well developed,thin,pleasant male who appears intellectually intact.Recent memory is intact?general information is good.Cranial nerve examination reveals no abnormalities,sensory examination is Intact to all modalities.Motor examination reveals no drift to distraction,and good strength in upper and lower extremities.There may be some weakness of the wrist extensors on the right,however.Deep tendon reflexes are symmetrical, the patient walks with a normal gait with a normal arm swing.Radiographic StudiesMRI scan shows an approximately3.5cm well-demarcated lesion in the posterior aspect of the left superior frontal convolution.ImpressionProbable low/intermediate grade glioma,possibly ganglio-glioma or ganglio-neurocytoma.If the lesion is anterior to the motor cortex,resection is recommended.If the lesion is within the motor cortex?a biopsy is recommended,Hospital CourseThe patient underwent magnetoencephalography(MEG)to map his primary motor cortex and define its relationship to the tumor.This confirmed the clinical and radiographic impression that the tumor was anterior to the motor strip.A stereotactic volumetric resection of the lesion was then performed.The volume of the tumor,based on the contrast-enhancing portions on both CT and MRI,as well as from the area of abnormality on T2-weighted MRI,was digitized for computer targeting.A view of the cortical surface after the trephine craniotomy was performed.A strip electrode placed onto the cortical surface in a direction posterior to the edge of the trephine confirmed the location of sensorimotor cortex by phase reversal.The tumor volume can be superimposed onto the field of view of the operating microscope,to assist the surgeon in defining the margins of the tumor. The lesion was dissected away from the surrounding brain tissue at its interface and was removed as a single specimen.,The patient's neurologic function postoperatively was unchanged from his preoperative status.Pathologic ReportThe tumor was signed out as glioblastoma multiforme arising as a small focus within a lowgrade astrocytoma.The malignant portion apparently was the contrast-enhancing portion on the preoperative scans.The patient is scheduled to begin external beam radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy.Case8:Choroid plexus papilloma of third ventricle(transcallosal approach)三脑室脉络丛乳头状瘤(经胼胝体入路)This8-year-old boy presented in May1977with a3-week history of episodic headache accompanied by vomiting and obtun-dation.Hyperactive behavior and some difficulties with visual Perception and motor coordination had been noticed from the age1or3years.Examination by a pedtatrician2 years earlier had revealed clumsy,slow,and deliberate walking and finger-to-nose^d rapid alternating movements that were abnormally slow,with noticeable overflow movements to the opposite side.The patient's Verbal Intelligence Quotient(I.Q.)had been recorded as112and his Performance I.Q. had been recorded as74(Full Scale,92).More recently his performance in athletics had been above average?e.g.9he was considered to be the best pitcher in his baseball league.Physical examination revealed mild papilledema and paralysis of conjugate upward gaze.A CT scan showed very large lateral ventricles and a calcified mass within the3rd ventricle.A biven-triculo-peritoneal shunt was inserted. Metrizamide ventriculogra-phy demonstrated a papillary mass within the3rd ventricle and extruding through the right foramen of Monro.A choroid plexus papilloma was removed through the right foramen of Monro via a2-cm longitudinal incision in the corpus callosum.The postoperative course was smooth,and the shunt was removed1week later.A year later the patient was described by his parents as mildly emotionally labile,but he was performing normally in school and was still playing baseball better than his peers.Neurological examination has revealed no deficit. Computerized tomography has shown moderately large ventricles?but he has no clinical evidence of intracramal hypertension.Case9:Hypothalamic glioma丘脑下部胶质瘤This16-year-old male presented in1988with delayed puber ty,headaches, and progressive visual failure.He was being treated for hypopituitarism at the time of his admission.On examination?he was obese,with short stature and hypogonadism.He had bitemporal hemtanopia with visual acuity6/24on the left and hand movements only on the right,where he had an afferent pupillary defect.Both eyes showed optic atraphy with mild papilledema.A skull X-ray showed the pituitary fossa floor and dorsum sellae to be eroded,and CT scanning showed an intra-and supra-sellar mass lesion with specks of calcification and extensive contrast enhancement causing hydrocephalus.Angtograms of the carotid arteries showed displacements but no pathological circulation.Air encephalogram showed a large suprasellar mass.A right frontotemporal cranlotomy revealed an extensive infiltrating low grade tumor of the base of the diencephalon which was confirmed histologically as a gHoma with uniform cells loosely arranged in a vacuolated background.The cells had oval nuclei and an ill-defined cytoplasm,with occasional cells showing a bipolar appearance.Postoperatively,there was a mild diabetes insipidus and a persistent bitemporal hemianopia.He required a further operation to insert a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for his hydrocephalus.Radiotherapy was given,and for the next few years he required total anterior pituitary replacement,but in 1983he was readmitted with water intoxication and was found to have a massive central and bilateral tumor recurrence.He recovered from his water intoxication but still has a marked diencephalic syndrome,bitem-poral hemianopia,and epilepsy.Case10:Chiasmal glioma视交叉胶质瘤This10-month-old girl was admitted to the Children's Hospital with a 4-day history of bobbing of her right eye.Examination revealed constant2/sec vertical oscillations of the right eye and occasional head nodding(spasmus nutans).The optic discs and the remainder of her physical examination were normal.Cor-tisol and growth hormone assays were normal.CT demonstrated a lobular mass in the region of the optic chiasm.A right pterional craniotomy was performed with intraopera-ttve monitoring of VEPs.The visual system was stimulated with a strobe light positioned50cm from the patient's nasion,flashing at a rate of1.08Hz and an intensity of16.The amplifier bandpass was0.3to300Hz?and128responses were averaged.The VEP's were abnormal bilaterally before the tumor resection,both preoperatively and in the operating room.Approximately60%of the tumor was resected with the CUSA.beginning at the dome of the largest tumor lobule and proceeding down toward the level of the normal chiasm.The VEP's did not change during the resection.The tumor was diagnosed as astrocytoma.After surgery,the infant's vision was apparently unchanged.The head-nodding ceased immediately?and the nystagmus ceased1month later. The postoperative VEP's were unchanged from the preopratlve ones.The extent of resection was confirmed by CT.Case11:Meningioma of the anterior skull base前颅底脑膜瘤A58-year-old man was diagnosed as having a predominantly intracranial meningioma en plaque of the anterior skull base in the midline area?extending from the tuberculum sellae and pla-num sphenoidale to the crista galli.The tumor was exposed in-tradurally through a right frontal craniotomy.The compressed right optic nerve and internal carotid artery were identified and treed from tumor.Then the optic chiasm and left optic nerve?completely encased by tumor?were freed by piecemeal removal of the neoplasm.Residual tumor on the tuberculum sellae and portions of the planum sphenoidale wereremoved with the diamond burr.The bone defect was closed in two layers with lyophiHzed dura and a galeal pericranial flap.Case12:Olfactory groove meningioma嗅沟脑膜瘤A59-year-old women presented with a2-year history of progressive dementia.Clinical examination disclosed bilateral anosmia and a concentric contraction of the left visual field with visualcuity reduced to20%.Plain radiographs showed erosion of the cribriform plate,and CT scans demonstrated a large mass lesion suspicious for meningioma.The angiogram showed elevation of the anterior cerebral arteries and pathological staining of the tumor vessels supplied via the ophthalmic arteries.The tumor was approached through a bifrontal craniotomy and exposed by gentle retraction of the frontal lobes. Piecemeal removal of the highly vascular tumor was accoplished by bipolar coagulation and resection.Both anterior cerebral arteries,the optic nerves,and the optic chiasm were microsurgically freed of tumor.After removal of the dura bordering on the tumor,the thickened crista galli and cribriform plate were removed with the diamond burr.The small skull base defect was closed in two layers with a dural graft and a galeal pericranial flap.The postoperative course was uncomplicated,and CT scans confirmed total tumor removal.One year later,the patient was clinically asymptomatic and recurrence-free.Case13:Lateral sphenoid wing meningioma蝶骨嵴外侧脑膜瘤A51-year-old man had previously undergone surgery for a sphenoid wing meningioma of the left skull base.Six years later he complained of a dull headache.CT disclosed an extensive,predominantly lateral sphenoid wing meningioma on the right side with infiltration of the temporal muscle.This was presumed to represent an extracranial extension from a primary intracranial tumor.Tumor Infiltration of the temporal muscle and infratemporal fossa was already evident when the right frontotemporal skin flap was raised.After removal of the extracranial part of the tumor,a frontotemporal craniotomy was performed,exposing the extra-dural portion of the large intracranial meningioma.Two measures were taken to minimize tension and pressure on the frontal and temporal lobes during further dissection:1)The lesser sphenoid wing was removed with the diamond burr.2)The Sylvian fissure was opened micro-surgtcally after incising the dura a safe distance from the area of tumor infiltration.The tumor was then debulked from its center using an ultrasonic aspirator (CUSA).As the tumor capsule became lax,the branches of the middle cerebral artery could be identified,and dissection of the capsule proceeded along the middle cerebral artery branches to the internal carotid artery.At that point it waspossible to remove the tumor completely,including its dural attachment,without danger to neighboring'structures.The dura was patched with stored dura,the bony defect was repaired with a methylmethacrylate implant,and the soft tissues were closed in layers.The postoperative course was uncomplicated.Case14:Medial sphenoid wing meningioma蝶骨嵴内侧脑膜瘤A64-year-old woman had suffered left-sided headache for3years.Shortly before hospitalization she experienced transient y spells with loss of consciousness.Two years earlier she had had an episode of speech impairment and paralysis of the right arm that resoved in a few minutes.Results of neurological examination were positive only for slight paresis of the right arm.CT scan showed a mass lesion that appeared to arise from the left medial sphenoid wing?extending into the anterior and middle cranial fossa.The cerebral angiogram displayed upward deviation of the middle cerebral artery with displacemant of the anterior cerebral artery and vascular pattern typical of meningloma.The tumor was exposed through a left frontotemporal crani-otomy with a wide opening of the Sylvian fissure.The meningio-ma was reduced in size with the ultrasonic aspirator?and the heavily enmeshed middle cerebral artery was microsurgically freed of tumor.Additional tumor was removed along the coursesof the middle cerebral artery,and the internal carotid artery,also enveloped by tumor,was isolated.It was then possible to completely remove the neoplasm along with its dural attachment on the inner sphenoid wing.The anterior cerebral artery and the slightly displaced left optic nerve were anatomically and functionally preserved.The wound was closed in standard fashion.The patient left the hospital18days after the surgery,neurologically intact. Postoperative CT scan showed total tumor removal.The major problem with a medial sphenoid wing meningioma of this type is its close proximity to important structures,such as the internal carotid artery and its branches,the optic nerve,the oculomotor nerve,and possibly the other motor nerves of the eye.By following the surgical strategy described above, we were able to safely isolate the internal carotid artery,which was completely encased in tumor,along with functionally important adjacent structures.Case15:Sphenocavernous meningioma蝶骨嵴海绵窦脑膜瘤A57-year-old man who was already blind in the left eye as a result of a war injury developed sensory disturbance in the territory of distribution of the right trigeminal nerve.This was accompanied by functional disturbance of the abducens and trochle-ar nerves.CT scans showed a medially situated mass lesion in the middle cranial fossa with infiltration of the cavernous sinus, penetration of the right sphenoid sinus,and slight extension into the posteriorcranial fossa.Vision in the right eye was intact.The mild nature of the clinical symptoms and the preexisting blindness in the left eye complicated the decision whether to operate.After thorough consultation,the patient insisted that we attempt to remove as much of the tumor as possible without compromising the vision that remained.This meant preserving the function of both the optic nerve and the oculomotor nerve,which was certainly enveloped by tumor. Because of the existing left-sided amaurosis,functional preservation of the trochlear and abducens nerves was of minor importance,since diplopia was not a primary concern.After classic pterional exposure of the tumor on the lesser sphenoid wing and in the middle cranial fossa,the optic nerve internal carotid artery were exposed medial to the tumor by°penmg the Sylvian fissure and retracting the anterior pole of the ernporal lobe posteriorly.The tentorium was incised,and the meningioma was progressively exposed from behind along with the trochlear and trigeminal nerves.As expected,both nerves were infiltrated on all sides by tumor,so they could be sacrificed.The tumor in the cavernous sinus was removed piecemeal,sparing the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid artery.Because of the heavy vascularity of the meningtoma,it was necessary to leave behind a thin layer of tumor attachment on the oc-ulomotor nerve; otherwise we would have risked functional loss.Standard wound closure was carried out,and the postoperative course was uneventful.There was no evidence of functional abnormality of either the optic nerve or the oculomotor。

神经外科英语

神经外科英语

Medical Records for AdmissionMedical Number: 701721 General informationName: Zhang Xiaoming Occupation: RetiredAge: sixty-five Marital status: MarriedSex: Male Date of admission: Aug 9th, 2013Race: Han Date of record: 11Am, Aug 9th, 2013 Nationality: China Complainer of history: patient’s son and wife Address: NO.123. Beijing south road, urumqi Reliability: ReliableChief complaint: Suffering head trauma for 4 hours.Present illness:The patient fell to the ground and hurt head for about 4 hours ago. He didn’t pay attention to it and thought he had obviously felt unwell. At 15 o’clock this afternoon he with repeated headache and accompanied by nausea and vomiting. His family sent him to our hospital and received emergent treatment. So the patient was accepted as “head trauma”. Since the disease coming on, the patient didn’t urinate.Past historyThe patient is healthy before. No diabetes, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, tuberculosis, epilepsy, asthma, jaundice, cerebrovascular disease.No history of infective diseases. No allergy history of food and drugs.Personal historyHe was born in Urumchi on Nov 19th, 1937 and almost always lived in Urumchi . His living conditions were good. No bad personal habits and customs.Family history: His parents have both deads.The cause of death is unknown.Physical examinationT 36.5℃, P 130/min, R 23/min, BP 100/60mmHg. He was well developed and moderately nourished. active lying position .His consciousness was not clear. His face was pale and the skin was not stained yellow. No cyanosis. No pigmentation. No skin eruption. Spider angioma was not seen. Superficial lymph nodes were not found enlarged. Respiratory movement was bilaterally symmetric with the frequency of 23/min. No pleural friction fremitus. Resonance was heard during percussion. No abnormal breath sound was heard. No wheezes. No rales. Border of the heart was normal. Heart sounds were strong and no splitting. Rate 150/min. Cardiac rhythm was regular. No pathological murmurs. Abdomen was flat and soft. No bulge or depression. No abdominal wall varices. Gastralintestinal type or peristalses were not seen. Tenderness was not obvious around the navel and in upper abdoman. There was not rebound tenderness on abdomen or renal region. Liver and spleen was untouched. Shifting dullness negative. No vascular murmurs. No edema.Examinations of nedvous systemHigher function normal.Cranial nervesⅰ: normal.ⅱ:PERRLA(pupils equal in reaction to light and accomodation)/ normal fundi and visual fields .ⅲ,ⅳ,Ⅵ: no diplopia / nystagmus.ⅴ-Ⅻ: normal.Upper and lower limbs: power, tone, coordination, sensation all normal .J oints and skin: Normal..Physiological reflexes were existent ,without any pathological ones. The neck was rigid, and Kernig’s sign was present.InvestigationBlood-Rt: Hb 69g/L RBC 2.70×1012/L WBC 1.1×109/L PLT 120×109/LCT: Subarachnoid hemorrhage with a small amount of blood present in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. Moderate hydrocephalus is also present.History summary1. Patient was male,65 years old2. Suffering head trauma for 4 hours.3. No special past history.4. Physical examination: T 37.5℃, P 130/min, R 23/min, BP 100/60mmHgPhysiological reflexes were existent ,without any pathological ones. The neck was rigid, and Kernig’s sign was present.No other positive signs.5. investigation information:Blood-Rt: Hb 69g/L RBC 2.70×1012/L WBC 1.1×109/L PLT 120×109/LCT: Subarachnoid hemorrhage with a small amount of blood present in the occipital horns of the lateral ventricles. Moderate hydrocephalus is also present.Impression: traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhageSignature: Zongkai Li入院病例一般信息姓名:张晓明职业:退休年龄:65岁婚姻状况:已婚性别:男入院日期:2012年8月9日民族:汉记录时间:2012年8月9日11:00 国家:中国病史陈述者:患者儿子和妻子住址:乌鲁木齐市北京南路123号可靠程度:可靠主诉:头部外伤后4小时现病史:患者于4小时前摔倒在地,伤及头部,受伤后患者未感到明显不适,未给予重视。

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7
既往史







He has experienced …… The patient had a lengthy history of ……for……years treated with …… She has documented …… Within the past …… years, she has had …… …… year prior to this presentation, she had an brief episode of …… She describes a …… year history of ……, but denies …… the patient underwent ……for ……of…… Previous medical history included …… Present medications include …… gives a negative history for smoking, drug, and only occasional alcohol use.
6
现病史


her balance deteriorated and on one occasion she fell in the shower. the …… became constant He saw an outside Neurologist who started him on ……(drugs) without improvement.
5
现病史





…… have worsened in the last …… months having pain in …… radiating down to …… She was prescribed …… the acute onset of …… which was more marked on ……(doing), but was present to a lesser extent when ……(doing). …… have continued to progress to the present time. was graded as …… The residual weakness on the left had completely resolved and he reported no new weakness. her …… continued to deteriorate.
8
既往史



Family history includes a grandfather with Alzheimer's disease The patients mother died of …… Family history was positive for …… and …… (disease) in his father, negative for …… (disease) . Family history revealed no history of …… She is married with two children The patient smoked …… packs a day in the past but quit completely …… years ago. He smoked one half pack of cigarettes per day for …… years, and he occasionally drank alcohol in moderation. does not smoke and is a social drinker.
颈“强”,是指“不易弯的” 正确表达:The neck was rigid

3
主诉





The patient is a …… year old female who presented (to ……) with (complaints of)……, accompanied by ……. the patient was admitted to ……with …… The patient is referred to ……for…… as well as …… She was unconscious for …… seconds, and was then confused for …… minutes. A 72-year-old man was admitted to …… because of ……
4现Leabharlann 史 she developed …… in ……. She went to ……,received …… to treat her …… Two days prior to admission, he noted an abrupt onset of ……. he began having difficulty ……(doing) when …… (doing) He had trouble …… (doing), and subsequently in …… (doing) He then began to have problems …… (doing) have problems with…… got worse with increasing …… …… in …… gradually increased up to …… and to a lesser extent involved his …….
神经科英文病历语句
杜万良 北京天坛医院神经内科 2011.2.25
1
前言


用简练的语言汇报主要的病史、发现、诊断、 治疗。 英语的习惯表达。 照葫芦画瓢而已。
2
举例

颈“软”,实际是指“无抵抗感,易弯曲的” 正确表达:The neck was supple 错误表达:The neck was soft
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