自学考试《英语二》2011年1月真题及答案[1]
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 英语（二）I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points,l point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside. And the transport, we had no difficulty.（D）A.owing toB.in caseC.once moreD.as for2.Whether you stay or leave is a matter of total to me.（A）A.indifferenceB.enthusiasmC.passionD.harmony3.It is said that a black hole can everything around it, such as stars.（C） A.work out B.settle down C.swallow up D.break into4.It is well-known that the moon goes round the earth____.（B）A.in a wayB.in a circleC.in due courseD.in turn5.He the book and found it worth buying.（C）A.foldedB.extendedC.skimmedD.skipped6.The world make is changing.We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.（B）A.stablyB.constantlyC.scarcelyD.occasionally7.The main____for discussion will be the proposed new supermarket.（A）A.topicB.ideaC.titleD.object8.We went to bed that night ____ of the storm to come.（D）A.invisibleB.unclearC.senselessD.ignorant9.It's going to be hard to ____his wife that they can’t afford a new house.（A）A.convinceB.containC.conductD.confess10.The task we'1l carry out ____great courage and wisdom.（D）A.calls upB.calls onC.calls aboutD.calls forII.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）How does woman go about buying clothes? In 11 every aspect she does so in the way opposite to a man. Her shopping is not often 12 need.She has never fully made up her mind 13 she wants,and she is only “having a look round.”She is always 14 to persuasion；indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, 15 by what companions tell her,She will 16 any number of things.Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent 17 of value when they buy clothes, They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. 18 a roomful of dresses,a 19 may easily spend an hour going from one rail to 20 ，to and from,often retracing her steps before selecting.It is a laborious process,but apparently an enjoyable one. 11.A.most B.uppermost C.foremost D.almost 12.A.based on B.held on C.kept on D.made for 13.A.that B.those C.what D.which 14.A.open B.dull C.close D.keen 15.A.ever B.even C.better D.aside 16.A.try on B.carry on C.figure out D.fall out 17.A.heart B.mind C.sense D.thought 18.A.Run into B.Let out C.Brought about D.Faced with 19.A.salesman panion C.woman D.saleswoman 20.A.the other B.another C.others D.other11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. About forty years ago, only five percent of American children who were three or four years old attended early education programs. Today, about two-thirds of the children of that age go to preschools, nursery schools or daycare centers with educational programs. Many education experts say this is a good situation. They say young children who have some kind of preschool education do much better when they attend school. Young children in preschool programs learn colors and numbers. They identify common objects and letters of the alphabet to prepare them for reading. They sing and play games that use numbers and maps. They learn to cooperate with teachers and other children. Many preschool programs include activities to help young children learn about the world around them. For example, children visit places like zoos, museums and fire and police stations. After preschool, most American children attend kindergarten in public schools. Most children start kindergarten at about age five. Many American kindergartens now require skills taughtin early education programs. So children who have not attended a preschool program may not be ready for kindergarten. Many families, however, lack enough money to send their children to private nursery schools or preschools. Such schools may cost several thousand dollars a year, as much as a public university. To help poor families, the government operates an education program for young children called Head Start. Studies have shown that many children from poor families do not do well in school. Studies also have shown that children in Head Start programs perform equally well or better than other children when they start school. But the government currently is providing Head Start with enough money to serve only about sixty percent of the children who need this program. Educators have expressed concern that some early childhood education programs are not good enough. The United States has about eighty-thousand preschools, nursery schools and daycare centers. The National Association for the Education of Young Children studies these schools. The association says it has approved only about ten percent of the preschools in the country. Experts say American children need more and better preschool education. 21.In preschools. young children can learn about the world around them by A . A.visiting various places B.singing songs and playing games C.identifying common objects and letters D.cooperating with teachers and partners22.The annual fee for preschool education is that of a public university.DA.higher thanB.unequal toC.lower thanD.equal to23.Head Start aims to B . A.study the benefits of preschool education in America B.help children from poor families get ready for school C.provide funds to help poor families through hard time D.monitor how the movement spends money on education24.Money provided by the government for Head Start programs is B . A.more than enough B.quite inadequate C.just sufficient D.almost enough25.According to the association. most American preschools C . A.have got official approval B.enjoy good reputation C.are not well qualified D.have financial difficultiesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. One of the chief causes of fatigue （疲倦） is boredom. To illustrate this point, let's take the case of Alice, a corporate employee who lives on your street. Alice came home one night completely exhausted. She acted fatigued. She was fatigued. She had a headache. She had a backache. She was so exhausted that she wanted to go to bed without waiting for dinner. Persuaded by hermother. she sat down at the table. The telephone rang. The boyfriend! An invitation to a dance! Her eyes sparkled. Her spirits soared. She rushed upstairs, put on her Alice-blue gown，dashed out and danced until three o'clock in the morning; and when she finally did get home, she was not the slightest bit exhausted. She was，in fact，so excited that she couldn't fall asleep. Was Alice really and honestly tired eight hours earlier. when she looked and acted exhausted? Sure，she was. She was exhausted because she was bored with her work, perhaps bored with life. There are millions of Alices. You may be one of them.It is a well-known fact that your emotional attitude usually has far more to do with producing fatigue than has physical exertion. A few years ago, Joseph E.Barmack, Ph.D., published in the Archives of Psychology a report of some of his experiments, showing how boredom produces fatigue. Dr. Barmack put a group of students through a series of tests in which, he knew, they could have little interest.The result? The students felt tired and sleepy，complained of headaches and eyestrain, felt irritable. In some cases，even their stomachs were upset. Was it all “imagination”? No. Metabolism（新陈代谢） tests were taken of these students. These tests showed that the blood pressure of the body and the consumption of oxygen actually decrease when people are bored，and that the whole metabolism picks up immediately as soon as they begin to feel interest and pleasure in their work! 26.When she came back from dancing, Alice felt D . A.very hungry B.a bit sleepy C.much tired D.sleepless27.The word “them” in Line 4, Para. 2 refers to .A A.people exhausted from boredom B.women with the same name as Alice C.corporate employees enjoying dancing D.people crazy about interesting night life28.The major reason for Alice's exhaustion is that B . A.she lost her appetite for dinner B.she was tired of her work or her life C.she danced too long time with friends D.she had a bad headache and a backache29.When person begins to enjoy his work __B__, A.his blood pressure goes down B.his metabolism improves rapidly C.his oxygen consumption decreases D.his stomach sometimes gets upset 30.Dr. Barmack explained the result of the tests on the basis of___A_. A.medical examinations B.personal observation C.logical reasoning mon knowledgePassage ThreeQuestions 3lto 35 are based on the following passage. There will be a major shift in the age distribution in the American workforce. As the baby boomers（born between 1946 and 1963）begin to hit retirement age, they will be replaced by the so-called“generation Y”or“Millennial Generation.”who number almost 80 million. And the qualified workers of this generation are soon going to be desperately needed, leaving businesses no choice but to figure out how to attract and keep them.People often say that members of the “Millennial Generation”can’t take care of themselves and are going to bring the world down with them.Some people might think Millennials are spoiled internet addicts（上瘾者）who feel a strong sense of entitlement and aren’t willing to work hard for the great rewards they expect. In reality Millennials are the first generation of “digital natives,”that is,they have never known a world without digital technology.As a result Millennials experience the world through technology,as older generations experience the world through their organic senses.This intimacy（亲密接触）with the digital world is one of the Millennials’greatest strengths.It also presents the greatest challenge to those companies that need highly qualified applicants.Managers need to determine ways to use their strengths and work with their weaknesses with business goals in mind. The key to attracting and managing Millennials is to create an experience of the company that matches their technological experience of the world. It’s about finding a balance between youthful enthusinasm,cooperative spirit, and the realities of the business world.The business world is experiencing a continued breakdown of the authoritarian management style that in some ways still remains as legacy（遗留做法）from the early 20th century. Managers are going to have to be patient and flexible to a large extent because one thing is for sure, nothing makes Millennials unhappier than doing tasks with traditional methods that can be done better and more efficiently with the right technology or more sophisticated methods. They need to be given the opportunity to use the technologies they are familiar with to cooperate with each other and do business. The best candidates are going to be attracted to companies that are willing to give employees what they need and want. 31.American businesses will be in great need of qualified workers of the“Millennial Generation” because A . A.the baby boomers in the workforce are close to retirement B.this generation accounts for the biggest part of the workforce C.businesses want to change the age distribution in the workforce D.businesses prefer young workforce to speed up their development32.People have formed a D impression of the Millennial Generation.A.true B.vague C.favorable D.negativepared with previous generations, Millennials C . e more of their organic senses B.show a poor sense of entitlement C.rely more on information technology D.challenge the goals of the businesses34.To attract and manage Millennials, a business manager should C . A.require them to do their tasks with traditional methods B.force them to work with modem scientific technologies C.balance their passion, teamwork spirit and business realities bine sophisticated methods with flexible working approaches35.The main idea of the passage could be best summarized as A . A.business managers should take up the challenges from Millennials B.business managers should be flexible about their management style C.managers maintain a relatively objective attitude toward Millennials lennials can use their technological advantage to attract companiesPart Two（50 points） IV. Word Spelling（10 points，1 point for two words） 36事件；事故n. a 37.分界线，边界n. b________ 38捕获：占领v. c 39.美味的；使人愉悦的a. d________ 40.必要的；本质的a. e 41.公式；程式n. f________ 42.致意，欢迎v. g 43.阻止；妨碍v. h________ 44.增加，增长v. i 45.同盟，协会n. l________ 46.较小的；少数的a, m 47.自然的；天然的a. n________ 48.反抗；对立n. o 49.察觉；认识到v. p________ 50.懊悔，遗憾v. r 51.表面，外表n. s________ 52.温度计n. t 53.向上，往上ad. u________ 54受害者，牺牲品n. v 55.侍者，服务员n.w________36.accident 37.boundary 38.capture 39.delicious 40.essential 41.formula 42. greet 43.hinder 44.increase 45.league 46.minor 47.natural 48.opposition 49.perceive 50.regret 51.surface 52.thermometer 53.upwards 54.victim 55.waiterV.Word Form（10 points,l point each）56.The study of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are （end）答案：endless57.Christmas is （tradition）a holiday for a family to get together.答案：traditionally58.The client must （sure） that accurate records are kept.答案：ensure59.Since no better plan had been put forward，we had to adopt a basically （work）one.答案：workable60.There are millions of solar systems in space, and ours is （probable）one of the smallest.答案：probably61.The accused admitted that he had sold the （steal）goods.答案：stolen62.The store will be moved to somewhere in my （neighbor）next month.答案：neighborhood63.Upon their （arrive）,they immediately set about drawing up a plan.答案：arrival64.The good news is that our host is said to be kind and （help）.答案：helpful65.The young girl moved to Paris last spring, but she missed her parents too much to enjoy the （excite）life there.答案：excitingVI.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points each）66.很明显你需要更多的英语口语练习。
英语二2011年真题及答案范文
2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the exploration of cyber-crime that has __1__ across the Web.Can privacy be preserved __2__ bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly __3__ ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal government a __4__ to make the web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech __5__ of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled __6__ one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential __7__ to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to __8__ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could __9__ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license __10__ by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign-an" systems that make it possible for users to __11__ just once but use many different services.__12__ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright " streetlights" to establish a sense of a __13__ community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with __14__ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the transaction runs. "Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's license" mentality.The plan has also been greeted with ___18__ by some computer security experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet __19__ They argue that all Internet users should be __20__ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. [A] swept [B] skipped [C] walked [D] ridden2. [A] for [B] within [C] while [D] though3. [A] careless [B] lawless [C] pointless [D] helpless4. [A] reason [B] reminder [C] compromise [D] proposal5. [A] information [B] interference [C] entertainment [D] equivalent6. [A] by [B] into [C] from [D] over7. [A] linked [B] directed [C] chained [D] compared8. [A] dismiss [B] discover [C] create [D] improve9. [A] recall [B] suggest [C] select [D] realize10. [A] released [B] issued [C] distributed [D] delivered11. [A] carry on [B] linger on [C] set in [D] log in12. [A] In vain [B] In effect [C] In return [D] In contrast13. [A] trusted [B] modernized [C] thriving [D] competing14. [A] caution [B] delight [C] confidence [D] patience15. [A] on [B] after [C] beyond [D] across16. [A] divided [B] disappointed [C] protected [D] united17. [A] frequently [B] incidentally [C] occasionally [D] eventually18. [A] skepticism [B] tolerance [C] indifference [D] enthusiasm19. [A] manageable [B] defendable [C] vulnerable [D] invisible20. [A] invited [B] appointed [C] allowed [D] forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs' board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Mrs. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman's compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Mrs. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm's board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive's proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those "surprise" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumpingoff a sinking ship. Often they "trade up," leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researches believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news break, even if a review of history shows that they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for __________________.[A] gaining excessive profits[B] failing to fulfill her duty[C] refusing to make compromises[D] leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be __________________.[A] generous investors[B] unbiased executives[C] share price forecasters[D] independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director' s surprisedeparture, the firm is likely to __________________.[A] become more stable[B] report increased earnings[C] do less well in the stock market[D] perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors __________________.[A] may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B] have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C] are accustomed to stress -free work in the firm[D] will decline incentives from the firm25. The author' s attitude toward the role of outside directors is __________________.[A] permissive [B] positive[C] scornful [D] criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America's Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled comer of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that wereroutine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying "Newspapers like…their own doom"(Line 3, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspapers ________________.[A] neglected the sign of crisis [B] failed to get state subsidies[C] were not charitable corporations [D] were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because ________________.[A] readers threatened to pay less[B] newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C] journalists reported little about these areas[D] subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they ________________.[A] have more sources of revenue [B] have more balanced newsrooms[C] are less dependent on advertising [D] are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?[A] Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B] Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C] Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D] Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________________.[A] American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B] American Newspapers: Gone with the wind[C] American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D] American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War 11 as a time of prosperityand growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase "less is more" was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War Ⅱand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so than Mies.Mie's signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact than a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood -- materials that we take for granted today but that in the1940s symbolized the future. Mies's sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller -- two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet -- than those in their older neighbors along the city's Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings' details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward "less" was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses -- usually around 1,200 square feet -- than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The "Case Study Houses" commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the "less is more" trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph Rapson may have mispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everyday life -- few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers -- but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans' ________________.[A] prosperity and growth [B] efficiency and practicality[C] restraint and confidence [D] pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about the Bauhaus?[A] It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B] Its designing concept was affected by World War I1.[C] Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D] It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design ________________.[A] was related to large space[B] was identified with emptiness[C] was not reliant on abundant decoration[D] was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicago's Lake Shore Drive?[A] They ignored details and proportions.[B] They were built with materials popular at that time.[C] They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D] They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the "Case Study Houses" ?[A] Mechanical devices were widely used.[B] Natural scenes were taken into account.[C] Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D] Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project's greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a "Bermuda triangle" of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone's economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe's single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone's dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country's voting fights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free - market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A "southern" camp headed by France wants something different: "European economic government" within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e. g. , curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world's largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that ________________.[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU's single currency is stuck because the dominant powers ________________.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that ________________.[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting fights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ________________.[A] poor countries are more likely to get funds[B] strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries[C] loans will be readily available to rich countries[D] rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel[A] pessimistic [B] desperate [C] conceited [D] hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose "fat taxes" on unhealthy food and introduce cigarettestyle warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments made last week by the health secretary, Andrew Lansley, who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools, restrict advertising of products high in fat, salt or sugar, and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald' s.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. Professor Terence Stephenson, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking."Thirty years ago, it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking inthe workplace or pubs, and yet that is what we have now. Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be," said the leader of the UK' s children' s doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead. He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Chang4Life campaign, the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness. He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver' s high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing" people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas. "If we were really bold, we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes-by setting strict limits on advertising, product placement and sponsorship of sports events," he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering "inducements" such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said : "If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front. "He also urged councils to impose "fast-food-free zones" around schools and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:" We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new 'responsibility deal' with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this. "The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves, especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking overSection ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section, there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do -- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your cousin Li Ming has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to1) congratulate him/her, and2) give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Zhang Wei" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1 ) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 15 points)2011考研英语（二）真题答案1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．B 26．D 27．B 28．C 29．A 30．A 31．C 32．D 33．C 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 41．E 42．D 43．C 44．B 45．G。
2011年1月英语二真题与答案详解
2011年1月英语二真题与答案超详解第一部分，V ocabulary and Structure1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside。
And______ the transport，we had no difficulty。
A. owing toB.in case C、once more D、as for解析：此类题目请您就直接把选项填入空格处，看哪个选项能够使句子语义通顺，那么答案也就出来了，基本没有多少技术含量。
请您利用一些无聊的时间去记忆单词。
owing to 由于，因为；in case 万一，假使；once more 再一次；as for 关于，至于。
题干句子说在海边过得好，and 表达递进关系，transport也没有出问题，答案是D。
2、whether you stay or leave is a matter of total _______to me.A. indifference B、enthusiasm C、passion D、harmony解析：whether you stay or leave是一个主语从句，你的去留，对我来说完完全全是____。
所以根据说话者的语气，空格处填入的是一贬义词。
选项中只有A选项符合题意。
Indifference漠不关心。
同时其余三个选项填入后语义不通顺，且B与C选项表达的意思几乎一模一样的，当然不可能是答案选项。
enthusiasm 热情；passion 热情；harmony和谐3、It is said that a black hole can ______ everything around it，such as stars。
A、work outB、settle downC、swallow upD、break into解析：a black hole黑洞，应该听闻过的（一种天体现象），它能够吸纳任何东西。
00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月真题及答案
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）I.Vocabulary and Structure （10 points,l point each）从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.We had a happy weekend at the seaside. And the transport, we had no difficulty.（D）A.owing toB.in caseC.once moreD.as for2.Whether you stay or leave is a matter of total to me.（A）A.indifferenceB.enthusiasmC.passionD.harmony3.It is said that a black hole can everything around it, such as stars.（C）A.work outB.settle downC.swallow upD.break into4.It is well-known that the moon goes round the earth____.（B）A.in a wayB.in a circleC.in due courseD.in turn5.He the book and found it worth buying.（C）A.foldedB.extendedC.skimmedD.skipped6.The world make is changing.We must anticipate the changes and make timely adjustments.（B）A.stablyB.constantlyC.scarcelyD.occasionally7.The main____for discussion will be the proposed new supermarket.（A）A.topicB.ideaC.titleD.object8.We went to bed that night ____ of the storm to come.（D）A.invisibleB.unclearC.senselessD.ignorant9.It's going to be hard to ____his wife that they can’t afford a new house.（A）A.convinceB.containC.conductD.confess10.The task we'1l carry out ____great courage and wisdom.（D）A.calls upB.calls onC.calls aboutD.calls forII.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）How does woman go about buying clothes? In 11 every aspect she does so in the way opposite to a man. Her shopping is not often 12 need.She has never fully made up her mind 13 she wants,and she is only “having a look round.”She is always 14 to persuasion；indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, 15 by what companions tell her,She will 16 any number of things.Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her.Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent 17 of value when they buy clothes, They are always on the lookout for the unexpected bargain. 18 a roomful of dresses,a 19 may easily spend an hour going from one rail to 20 ，to and from,often retracing her steps before selecting.It is a laborious process,but apparently an enjoyable one.11.A.most B.uppermost C.foremost D.almost12.A.based on B.held on C.kept on D.made for13.A.that B.those C.what D.which14.A.open B.dull C.close D.keen15.A.ever B.even C.better D.aside16.A.try on B.carry on C.figure out D.fall out17.A.heart B.mind C.sense D.thought18.A.Run into B.Let out C.Brought about D.Faced with19.A.salesman panion C.woman D.saleswoman20.A.the other B.another C.others D.other11.D 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.About forty years ago, only five percent of American children who were three or four years old attended early education programs. Today, about two-thirds of the children of that age go to preschools, nursery schools or daycare centers with educational programs. Many education experts say this is a good situation. They say young children who have some kind of preschool education do much better when they attend school.Young children in preschool programs learn colors and numbers. They identify common objects and letters of the alphabet to prepare them for reading. They sing and play games that use numbers and maps. They learn to cooperate with teachers and other children. Many preschool programs include activities to help young children learn about the world around them. For example, children visit places like zoos, museums and fire and police stations.After preschool, most American children attend kindergarten in public schools. Most children start kindergarten at about age five. Many American kindergartens now require skills taught in early education programs. So children who have not attended a preschool program may not be ready for kindergarten.Many families, however, lack enough money to send their children to private nursery schools or preschools. Such schools may cost several thousand dollars a year, as much as a public university.To help poor families, the government operates an education program for young children called Head Start. Studies have shown that many children from poor families do not do well in school. Studies also have shown that children in Head Start programs perform equally well or better than other children when they start school. But the government currently is providing Head Start with enough money to serve only about sixty percent of the children who need this program.Educators have expressed concern that some early childhood education programs are not good enough. The United States has about eighty-thousand preschools, nursery schools and daycare centers. The National Association for the Education of Young Children studies these schools. The association says it has approved only about ten percent of the preschools in the country. Experts say American children need more and better preschool education.21.In preschools. young children can learn about the world around them by A.A.visiting various placesB.singing songs and playing gamesC.identifying common objects and lettersD.cooperating with teachers and partners22.The annual fee for preschool education is that of a public university.DA.higher thanB.unequal toC.lower thanD.equal to23.Head Start aims to B.A.study the benefits of preschool education in AmericaB.help children from poor families get ready for schoolC.provide funds to help poor families through hard timeD.monitor how the movement spends money on education24.Money provided by the government for Head Start programs is B.A.more than enoughB.quite inadequateC.just sufficientD.almost enough25.According to the association. most American preschools C.A.have got official approvalB.enjoy good reputationC.are not well qualifiedD.have financial difficultiesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.One of the chief causes of fatigue （疲倦） is boredom. To illustrate this point, let's take the case of Alice, a corporate employee who lives on your street. Alice came home one night completely exhausted. She acted fatigued. She was fatigued. She had a headache. She had a backache. She was so exhausted that she wanted to go to bed without waiting for dinner. Persuaded by hermother. she sat down at the table. The telephone rang. The boyfriend! An invitation to a dance! Her eyes sparkled. Her spirits soared. She rushed upstairs, put on her Alice-blue gown，dashed out and danced until three o'clock in the morning; and when she finally did get home, she was not the slightest bit exhausted. She was，in fact，so excited that she couldn't fall asleep.Was Alice really and honestly tired eight hours earlier. when she looked and acted exhausted? Sure，she was. She was exhausted because she was bored with her work, perhaps bored with life. There are millions of Alices. You may be one of them.It is a well-known fact that your emotional attitude usually has far more to do with producing fatigue than has physical exertion. A few years ago, Joseph E.Barmack, Ph.D., published in the Archives of Psychology a report of some of his experiments, showing how boredom produces fatigue. Dr. Barmack put a group of students through a series of tests in which, he knew, they could have little interest.The result? The students felt tired and sleepy，complained of headaches and eyestrain, felt irritable. In some cases，even their stomachs were upset. Was it all “imagination”? No. Metabolism（新陈代谢） tests were taken of these students. These tests showed that the blood pressure of the body and the consumption of oxygen actually decrease when people are bored，and that the whole metabolism picks up immediately as soon as they begin to feel interest and pleasure in their work!26.When she came back from dancing, Alice felt D.A.very hungryB.a bit sleepyC.much tiredD.sleepless27.The word “them” in Line 4, Para. 2 refers to .AA.people exhausted from boredomB.women with the same name as AliceC.corporate employees enjoying dancingD.people crazy about interesting night life28.The major reason for Alice's exhaustion is that B .A.she lost her appetite for dinnerB.she was tired of her work or her lifeC.she danced too long time with friendsD.she had a bad headache and a backache29.When person begins to enjoy his work __B__,A.his blood pressure goes downB.his metabolism improves rapidlyC.his oxygen consumption decreasesD.his stomach sometimes gets upset30.Dr. Barmack explained the result of the tests on the basis of___A_.A.medical examinationsB.personal observationC.logical reasoningmon knowledgePassage ThreeQuestions 3lto 35 are based on the following passage.There will be a major shift in the age distribution in the American workforce. As the baby boomers（born between 1946 and 1963）begin to hit retirement age, they will be replaced by the so-called“generation Y”or“Millennial Generation.”who number almost 80 million. And the qualified workers of this generation are soon going to be desperately needed, leaving businesses no choice but to figure out how to attract and keep them.People often say that members of the “Millennial Generation”can’t take care of themselves and are going to bring the world down with them.Some people might think Millennials are spoiled internet addicts（上瘾者）who feel a strong sense of entitlement and aren’t willing to work hard for the great rewards they expect.In reality Millennials are the first generation of “digital natives,”that is,they have never known a world without digital technology.As a result Millennials experience the world through technology,as older generations experience the world through their organic senses.This intimacy（亲密接触）with the digital world is one of the Millennials’greatest strengths.It also presents the greatest challenge to those companies that need highly qualified applicants.Managers need to determine ways to use their strengths and work with their weaknesses with business goals in mind.The key to attracting and managing Millennials is to create an experience of the company that matches their technological experience of the world. It’s about finding a balance between youthful enthusinasm,cooperative spirit, and the realities of the business world.The business world is experiencing a continued breakdown of the authoritarian management style that in some ways still remains as legacy（遗留做法） from the early 20th century. Managers are going to have to be patient and flexible to a large extent because one thing is for sure, nothing makes Millennials unhappier than doing tasks with traditional methods that can be done better and more efficiently with the right technology or more sophisticated methods.They need to be given the opportunity to use the technologies they are familiar with to cooperate with each other and do business. The best candidates are going to be attracted to companies that are willing to give employees what they need and want.31.American businesses will be in great need of qualifie d workers of the“Millennial Generation” because A .A.the baby boomers in the workforce are close to retirementB.this generation accounts for the biggest part of the workforceC.businesses want to change the age distribution in the workforceD.businesses prefer young workforce to speed up their development32.People have formed a D impression of the Millennial Generation.A.trueB.vagueC.favorableD.negativepared with previous generations, Millennials C .e more of their organic sensesB.show a poor sense of entitlementC.rely more on information technologyD.challenge the goals of the businesses34.To attract and manage Millennials, a business manager should C .A.require them to do their tasks with traditional methodsB.force them to work with modem scientific technologiesC.balance their passion, teamwork spirit and business realitiesbine sophisticated methods with flexible working approaches35.The main idea of the passage could be best summarized as A .A.business managers should take up the challenges from MillennialsB.business managers should be flexible about their management styleC.managers maintain a relatively objective attitude toward Millennialslennials can use their technological advantage to attract companiesPart Two（50 points）IV. Word Spelling（10 points，1 point for two words）36事件；事故n. a 37.分界线，边界n. b________38捕获：占领v. c 39.美味的；使人愉悦的a. d________40.必要的；本质的a. e 41.公式；程式n. f________42.致意，欢迎v. g 43.阻止；妨碍v. h________44.增加，增长v. i 45.同盟，协会n. l________46.较小的；少数的a, m 47.自然的；天然的a. n________48.反抗；对立n. o 49.察觉；认识到v. p________50.懊悔，遗憾v. r 51.表面，外表n. s________52.温度计n. t 53.向上，往上ad. u________54受害者，牺牲品n. v 55.侍者，服务员n.w________36.accident 37.boundary 38.capture 39.delicious 40.essential 41.formula42. greet 43.hinder 44.increase 45.league 46.minor 47.natural48.opposition 49.perceive 50.regret 51.surface 52.thermometer53.upwards 54.victim 55.waiterV.Word Form（10 points,l point each）56.The study of black holes is just beginning. Speculations about them are （end）答案：endless57.Christmas is （tradition）a holiday for a family to get together.答案：traditionally58.The client must （sure） that accurate records are kept.答案：ensure59.Since no better plan had been put forward，we had to adopt a basically （work）one. 答案：workable60.There are millions of solar systems in space, and ours is （probable）one of the smallest. 答案：probably61.The accused admitted that he had sold the （steal）goods.答案：stolen62.The store will be moved to somewhere in my （neighbor）next month.答案：neighborhood63.Upon their （arrive）,they immediately set about drawing up a plan.答案：arrival64.The good news is that our host is said to be kind and （help）.答案：helpful65.The young girl moved to Paris last spring, but she missed her parents too much to enjoy the （excite）life there.答案：excitingVI.Translation from Chinese into English（15 points，3 points each）66.很明显你需要更多的英语口语练习。
2011英语二真题及参考答案
2011英语二真题及参考答案作者：佚名来源：本站原创日期：2011-1-16 10:56:32Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federalclass-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’ssurprise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalTEXT 1 参考答案21．A。
00015自学考试《英语二》2011年1月翻译件
2011年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）II.Cloze Test（10 points,l point each）怎样的女人买衣服吗？几乎在每一个方面，她这样做，相反一个男人的方式。
去商店买东西是不是经常根据需要她从来没有完全下定了决心自己想要的东西，她是“有四处看看。
”她始终是敞开的劝说下，她确实高度重视，售货员告诉她，甚至被同伴告诉她什么，她会尝试许多东西，在她的心中最是思想发现了，大家都认为很适合她相反不少笑话，大多数妇女有一个很好的价值观念，他们买衣服的时候，他们总是在寻找意想不到的讨价还价。
面对一屋子的衣服，一个女人可以很容易地从一个轨道到另一台花一个小时，和她的步骤，然后再选择它是一个艰苦的过程，往往追溯，但显然是愉快的。
11.D 12.A13.C 14.A15.B 16.A17.C 18.D 19.C 20.BIII. Reading Comprehension （30 points,2 points each）大约四十年前，只有5％的3或4岁的美国儿童参加早期教育计划。
今天，大约有三分之二的这个年龄的孩子去幼儿园，托儿所或日托中心的教育方案。
很多教育专家说，这是一个很好的情况。
他们说有某种学前教育的幼儿做的更好，他们上学的时候。
年幼的孩子在幼儿园课程学习颜色和数字。
他们确定共同的对象和英文字母的，以备他们阅读。
他们唱歌，玩游戏，使用数字和地图。
他们学会了合作与老师和其他的孩子。
很多学前班的课程包括活动，帮助幼儿了解他们周围的世界。
例如，孩子们参观的地方，如动物园，博物馆，消防和警察站。
学龄前后，大多数美国孩子上幼儿园，在公立学校。
大多数儿童在5岁左右开始幼儿园。
美国的许多幼儿园都需要技巧的早期教育计划。
因此，没有参加的学前教育计划的儿童可能还没有准备好为幼儿园。
然而，许多家庭没有足够的钱送他们的孩子到私立托儿所或幼儿园。
这些学校一年花费几千美元，作为一所公立大学。
2011年考研英语二真题参考答案
2011年考研英语二真题参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation‘s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt de scribed it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。
英语二自学考试历年真题与答案(2011_2014)
2011年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）I. Vocabulary and. Structure (10 points, 1 point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1 .Students should_____their own interests as well as do their schoolwork.A. persuade B .pursue C. persist D.proceed2. I'd like to remind you that there is no_____on the part of suspects to answer questions.A. obligationB.evidenceC.transactionD.motivation3. He blamed his poor performance_____jet lag.A.to B .for C.on D.at4 .We_____knowledge from our families,schools,jobs,and the mass media.A.requestB.requireC.inquireD.acquire5. Not until recently_____that Thompson had ben telling the truth all along.A.I realizedB.did I realizeC.I did realizeD.realized I6. I don’t need any help at the moment,but I_____your offer.A.appreciateB.admireC.enjoyD.like7 .The sad condition of women working as house servants around the world received much media_____early this year.A .importance B. attention C.significance D.popularity8 .She has no hostility to us, _____can be judged from her eyes.A. thatB.andC.henceD.as9 .When you're_____ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.A.going throughB.going in forC.going afterD.goingover10.Decision on whether the message is right or wrong should at least come after _____what the message is.A.putting outB.turning outC.working outD.running outII. Cloze Test (10 points,1 point each)下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
2011考研英语二真题答案
2011考研英语二真题答案2011年考研英语二真题答案Part A Text 1答案：1. D) encourage more students to study abroad.2. A) New regulations issued by the central government.3. B) reasons for studying abroad have changed.4. C) There is no specific date.5. D) they need to have a more up-to-date understanding of the world. Part A Text 2答案：6. A) Their IQ scores may underestimate their true intelligence.7. C) They found no significant correlation between smoking and IQ.8. B) Smoking is a sign of being socially ostracized.9. D) Those with lower IQ scores are more likely to smoke.10. C) Some researchers have an inherent bias against smokers.Part BSection 1答案：11. A) The author is reluctant to join the woman's organization.12. B) The woman enjoys going to parties.13. A) Taking a part-time job on campus.14. A) Fine Arts students.15. C) They are free to choose the length of their summer vacation. Section 2答案：16. C) Visit online forums.17. B) Enroll in a course.18. D) To learn how to talk to artistically-minded people.19. A) It helps him enhance his capacity.20. D) They have married and have jobs.Section 3答案：21. B) Creativity is not only a natural gift but also a skill.22. C) Relying too much on left-brain thinking.23. D) Come up with creative ideas.24. A) They limit their own creativity.25. B) It restrains their creativity.Section 4答案：26. B) Encourage patients to make their own medical decisions.27. C) Physicians and patients share the decision making.28. D) Doctors know more about medicine, while patients know more about themselves.29. B) Involving family members in the decision-making process.30. A) It may lead to divergent views.。
2011年考研英语二真题及答案
2011年考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many years ago, I visited an old university friend who was studying medicine in London. He took (1) of his university's medical department and showed me around the research labs. As we were about to leave the cancer laboratory, I noticed a (2) piece of paper attached to the wall. It had a list of chemical substances and the respective (3) on cancer cells. The exact values were noted down, including the concentration of each chemical, the time of incubation (培养期) and the size of the cancer cell culture plate. It was clear that someone had been (4) a serious experiment.When I asked my friend about it, he smiled and told me something which I have never (5) . The paper contained the complete results of a very important (6) experiment and it was someone's (7) to update the online laboratory notebook. This was a record of the steps followed, the results obtained, and any other (8) information. The idea was to help everyone in the lab stay updated on the progress of the (9) . I was very impressed by the responsibility shown by the person who conducted the experiment and, of course, by the general idea of (10) a notebook that could be accessed by everyone in real-time.Unfortunately, the (11) of this great idea is not yet mature. The idea that a lab notebook could be online goes (12) the traditional view of a personaland (13) place where researchers could record their thoughts, ideas and results. But today's labs (14) a different picture. Many labs employ researchers from different parts of the world, connected with existing and emerging (15) for collaboration. A worldwide accessible notebook is therefore not a bad idea and, as a matter of (16) , it is already a reality in some laboratories around the world.In some labs, a notebook is only accessible via their secure network (17) a username and password. Others are looking at public ways to grant access. Similarly, some labs have entire lab management (18) that include the sharing of notes, protocols and results. Other labs intend to add this functionality very soon. There are still (19) to be resolved, mainly regarding security and privacy issues, but the general trend is undeniably (20) the switch from paper to digital notebooks.1. A full B advantage C control D medicine2. A folded B misplaced C crumpled D dusty3. A research B professions C influences D effects4. A experimenting B employing C conducting D exploring5. A heard B believed C discovered D forgotten6. A laboratory B chemical C medicinal D scientific7. A purpose B background C spotlight D duty8. A relevant B efficient C irrelevant D supportive9. A examination B experiment C discovery D application10. A protecting B saving C accessing D revising11. A understanding B application C expertise D achievement12. A beyond B against C upon D over13. A confidential B public C specialized D open14. A picture B scenario C strategy D figure15. A networks B fields C topics D tools16. A fact B principle C research D access17. A concerning B acknowledging C reinforcing D requiring18. A traditions B policies C environments D positions19. A issues B concerns C areas D procedures20. A promoting B preventing C encouraging D hindering参考答案：1. C control2. B misplaced3. D effects4. C conducting5. D forgotten6. A laboratory7. D duty8. A relevant9. B experiment10. C accessing11. B application12. A beyond13. B public14. B scenario15. A networks16. A fact17. D requiring18. C environments19. A issues20. C encouragingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1According to Thomas Edison, most inventions are 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. That may have been true in his day, but invention has changed radically in the past century. Today, it can be both more efficient and more frustrating, with inventors making errors such as forgetting the "ordinary skills" requirement for getting a patent and misreading established patents.Soon, these kinds of mistakes will be less likely, thanks to a new method developed by a researcher at the Fordham University School of Law in New York City.The method, known as "invention mining", is a way to find out possible inventions from huge databases of scientific information. Invention mining gives inventors many new veins to tap into - and makes it much easier to come up with new ideas.In the past, the first step of inventing something new was an exhaustive search through existing patents to make sure the proposed invention hadn't already been patented. But that traditional search couldn't effectively cover all the information needed, as it was only possible to cover a fraction of patents, university research papers, and other sources of technical information in any one search.However, invention mining can go through billions of records of technical information in one search. "Text mining is natural language processing, but invention mining is natural language processing on steroids （特效药）" says Professor Stempfle.According to his study, a successful search of one billion records using a properly formed claim will return about 3.15 million technical documents for review, and we usually only need to inspect about 150,000 of these to find a few that truly meet our needs.Invention mining can turn up scientific research and patents nobody ever knew existed. Stempfle's paper cited an example of a case study from Ford when a scientist was doing background research on fire protection systems: it found a solution that had been patented and then forgotten, dating back to an 1838 patent. "The inventors of the company that found this were excited," says Stempfle, but nobody else had ever heard of the invention. This would have been something that may not otherwise have been discovered."Invention mining gives small inventors a newfound power against large corporations," says Stempfle . "Say you're a small inventor with 20 patents, and then IBM thinks you're infringing on（侵犯） one of their patents. IBM can do a search through a million patents to find ground to say your patent is invalid. Using a tool like invention mining, you can look at the same million patents to come up with innovative ways to say the IBM patent is not reallya valid one. It really does level the playing field."21. Invention mining helps inventors to ________.A. identify and solve problems in the invention processB. establish the ordinary skills requirement for getting a patentC. read established patents with more efficiencyD. prevent scientific information from being forgotten22. Compared to the traditional search, invention mining ________.A. covers a wider range of technical informationB. is more time-consumingC. requires a larger database of scientific informationD. focuses on patents and university research papers23. What does Professor Stempfle suggest about invention mining?A. It should be used in the background research of fire protection systems.B. It should only be used by small inventors against large corporations.C. It should be improved through natural language processing.D. It should be applied to the validation of small inventors' patents.24. What can be a drawback of invention mining?A. Certain patents are prone to being misread by inventors.B. It relies heavily on existing patents.C. It doesn't cover all the technical information.D. Some 19th-century patents may have been missed.25. What is the main purpose of the text?A. To discuss the new method of invention mining.B. To compare the merits of invention mining and traditional search.C. To introduce the researcher behind the invention mining method.D. To analyze the potential of invention mining in the future.参考答案：21. A. identify and solve problems in the invention process22. A. covers a wider range of technical information23. D. It should be applied to the validation of small inventors' patents.24. C. It doesn't cover all the technical information.25. A. To discuss the new method of invention mining.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (20 points)Text 2The saying "knowledge is power" is accurate in many situations. We tend to believe that the more information we have, the better decisions we can make. However, recent research suggests that this may not always be the case. In fact, having too much information can sometimes hinder our decision-making process and lead to poorer outcomes.One reason why an excess of information may be detrimental is that it can lead to information overload. When we are faced with too much information, we may struggle to process it all efficiently. As a result, wemay overlook important details or become overwhelmed, leading to decision paralysis. In this state, it becomes difficult to make any decision at all.Furthermore, having too much information can also lead to biased decision-making. When we have a lot of information, it is natural for us to focus on the information that supports our existing beliefs or preferences, while disregarding contradictory information. This confirmation bias can limit our ability to consider alternative perspectives and make well-rounded decisions.Another issue associated with an excess of information is the potential for analysis paralysis. This occurs when we spend excessive amounts of time analyzing and comparing different options, becoming so fixated on finding the perfect choice that we fail to make a decision altogether. The fear of making a suboptimal choice can act as a barrier to action, preventing us from moving forward and potentially missing out on valuable opportunities.While information is undoubtedly valuable, it is important to strike a balance and avoid becoming overwhelmed by an excessive amount of data. Recognizing the limitations of information and being mindful of its potential effects on decision-making can help ensure more effective and efficient choices.26. What is the author's main point about information?A. It is essential for making well-rounded decisions.B. It can lead to biased decision-making.C. It can hinder the decision-making process.D. It is necessary for finding valuable opportunities.27. What is "confirmation bias"?A. Overlooking important details due to information overload.B. Struggling to process excessive amounts of information.C. Focusing on information that supports existing beliefs.D. Spending excessive time analyzing different options.28. What does the author mean by "analysis paralysis"?A. Being overwhelmed by contradictory information.B. Failing to make a decision due to fear of making a mistake.C. Considering alternative perspectives when making a choice.D. Being unable to distinguish between valuable and irrelevant information.29. According to the text, what is important when dealing with information?A. Finding the perfect choice.B. Overcoming decision paralysis.C. Recognizing the limitations of information.D. Analyzing and comparing different options.30. What is the tone of the text?A. OptimisticB. CautiousC. InformativeD. Argumentative参考答案：26. C. It can hinder the decision-making process.27. C. Focusing on information that supports existing beliefs.28. B. Failing to make a decision due to fear of making a mistake.29. C. Recognizing the limitations of information.30. B. CautiousSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)传统教育系统中，作业被视为学生练习和掌握课堂知识的一种方式。
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
2011考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版第一部分：阅读理解第一篇题目：Will Robots Take Our Jobs?In Boston, there is a small restaurant called Spyce, which boasts (吹嘘) a unique feature: the entire kitchen is automated (自动化的). There are no chefs or cooks working in the kitchen, just seven robot cooks working efficiently to serve delicious meals to customers. This fully automated restaurant is a clear indication of the rise of robots in the workforce.The introduction of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, has raised concerns about job security. Many industries are facing the disruption caused by automation. The real question that arises is whether robots will take over our jobs and leave humans unemployed.Robotics and automation have successfully replaced manual labor in several industries. For example, self-checkout machines in supermarkets and automated assembly lines in factories are becoming increasingly common. These technologies streamline processes, reduce costs, and enhance efficiency.However, it is essential to note that while robots excel at tasks that require precision and repetition, they often strugglewith jobs that involve emotional intelligence and creativity. For instance, robots may be programmed to perform routine surgeries, but they cannot provide empathetic care to patients like healthcare professionals can. Similarly, while a robot can clean a room, it lacks the attention to detail that a human cleaner possesses.Furthermore, new technologies often create more jobs than they replace. The rise of robots may lead to the creation of entirely new industries and job roles. Software developers, AI engineers, and robotics technicians are examples of professions that have emerged as a result of automation. Additionally, as robots take over mundane tasks, humans can focus on more complex and creative work.In conclusion, while robots are undoubtedly changing the workforce and may replace some jobs, they are unlikely to completely eliminate human employment. The future lies in a partnership between humans and robots, where humans leverage their unique skills and abilities alongside automationto create a more productive and efficient society.解析：本文主要探讨了人工智能和机器人技术的引入对工作安全的影响。