动词不定式

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动词不定式

动词不定式

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. It is important for modern young people _______ to learn (learn) at least two foreign languages. 2. The most important thing for one’s have (have) plenty of exercise. health is to ______ 3. Ted decided _______ to work (work) hard and wanted _____ to go (go) to Beijing University. to get (get) 4. We found it impossible _____ everything ready in time. 5. Sue really doesn’t know which book ________ to choose (choose).
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb. send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb. teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. read sb. sth. = read sth. for sb.

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”,但有时省略to。

其否定形式在to前加not,即“not to+动词原形”。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。

1、动词不定式的常见用法⑴动词不定式作宾语其后常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有:want,hope,begin,learn,try,decide,forget,remember,like,love,expect,agree,refuse,wish,plan,afford,choose,wouldlike,need,start等。

注意:有的及物动词要未跟复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语),如果其中的宾语是动词不定式短语,则必须将形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上,而将动词不定式短语(真正的宾语)放在宾语补足语之后。

例:I find it useful <to learn English well>.我发现学好英语很有用。

⑵动词不定式作宾语补足语其后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,want, expect,like,wish,would like等。

例:He asked me to talk about English study.他要求我谈谈有关英语学习的事。

⑶动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时可放在后面,而用it作形式主语放在原主语的位置上。

例:It’s necessary to find the witness. 有必要找到目击者。

⑷动词不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词或代词的后面。

I have nothing to say on this question.在这个总是上我没什么要说的。

⑸动词不定式作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性,可在句中用作状语。

①放在句首或句尾表示目的等。

例:To catch the train,he got up early.= he got up early to catch the train.为了赶火车,他早早地起了床。

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式特征:动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。

结构:动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;否定形式是not to+do。

1.作主语可以直接作主语。

如:To see is to believe.眼见为实。

但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。

如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。

真正的主语为动词不定式。

2.作宾语1)want,decide ,agree,would like等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。

如:We agreed/wanted/decided/would like to start early2)love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后可加to do 或者doing。

提示板:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。

如:I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜游泳,但现在不想游。

3)stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式或者ING。

但是意思区别很大。

如:stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。

stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。

Forget/remember to do sth: 忘记/记得去做某事Forget /remember doing sth:忘记、记得做过某事。

go on to do sth: 接着做另外一件事Go on doing sth: 接着做同一件事情Try to do sth:努力去做某事Try doing sth:尝试做某事3.作宾语补足语1)tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help 等词后面常接不定式作宾补。

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式一、动词不定式的概念非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。

动词不定式(The Infinitive)一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。

它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,它可以有自己的宾语或状语。

二、不定式的功能与用法(1)作主语:To see is to believe.眼见为实。

(百闻不如一见)To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆懂,无一精通。

注意:不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。

例如:It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。

It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。

It’s very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们,他真好。

★It's …for sb. ... 和It's…. of sb. …这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。

1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

2)of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。

例如:It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。

动词不定式

动词不定式

Infinitive不定式用法知识要点要点四语法动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”。

(1)不定式的用法①作主语:不定式短语作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有两种。

a.把不定式置于句首。

例句:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。

b.用it作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)置于句后,常用于下列句式中:It+be+名词+to do sth.知识要点例句:It’s our duty to obey the law.遵守法律是我们的责任。

It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.例句:How long did it take you to finish the work?完成这项工作花了你多长时间?It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.注意:在表示事物性质的形容词后常用介词for,这类形容词有hard,easy,heavy,necessary,possible,important,difficult等。

例句:It’s hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.对他来说改掉坏习惯很难。

It+be+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.注意:在表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词后用介词of,这类形容词常用的有good,kind, nice,clever,honest,wise,careful,brave,careles s,cruel,foolish,rude,stupid,silly等。

例句:It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.把老师说的每件事都记下来,你真是愚蠢。

It seems (appears)+形容词+to do sth.例句:It seemed impossible to save money.存钱似乎不太可能。

动词不定式

动词不定式

动词不定式&双宾语一、动词不定式1.动词不定式作宾语:动词+to do(带to不定式)动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。

常见的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love, ask, start, remember,learn, happen等。

如:I hope to see the film this weekend.They decided to visit the Great Wall next year.2.动词不定式作宾语补足语:(1).宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。

表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。

可接动词不定式作宾补的有:ask, tell, allow, help, would like, expect, warn等。

如:The WWF chose the panda to be its symbol.I ask my mother to help me.(2).使役动词:let, make等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。

如:He makes everyone laugh.(3).感官动词:see, hear, notice, watch, listen to等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。

如:I hear her sing this song.3.动词不定式的否定式:not to do sth./ not do sth.如:She tells me not to touch anything.4.动词不定式作目的状语:表示“做某事是为了什么”。

此时,不定式既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。

如:I revised my lessons carefully to get good marks in the test.= To get good marks, I revised my lessons carefully.为了在考试中取得好成绩,我认真地复习功课。

动词不定式

动词不定式

Unit 5不定式的用法一、动词不定式(一)定义:动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词它的形式是“to十动词原形”,但to有时也可以省略。

现在就让我们一起来看一下动词不定式的形式和用法我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构作宾语或宾补的动词主要有:want, learn, try, decide, forget , remember, like, love,stop等。

如: I want to see a film我想去看电影. They decided to take; a long vacation in Paris. 他们决定去巴黎度长假动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。

如:Jim told me not to wake np Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特【练习一】选择( )1. “What are you going to do this weekend?” “I’d like my parents.” A. to visit B. visit C. visiting D.visited( )2. —What’s your plan for the summer holidays?—I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided at home.A. stayB. to stayC. stayedD. staying( )3. Last week our geography teacher told us more information about how to protect the environment. A. get B. got C. to get D. getting( )4. Our headmaster asked us a report on how to protect wild animals. A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote( )5. — How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?—It makes me very proud.A. feltB. to feelC. feelingD. feel( )6. ---Please tell the boys --_______any noise. My baby is sleeping.---OK. I'll do it at once.A. not makeB.to makeC. not to make(二)用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时(有时在不定式的前面还会用 for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。

英语不定式

英语不定式

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构(有些动词不定式不带to),动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。

动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。

一、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。

如:1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge.2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.3.How to make requests politely is important.二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。

如:1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.2.The first thing is to greet the teacher.三、用作宾语一.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。

1.We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.2.He prefers to eat white bread and rice.3.Id love to visit Mexico.二 .动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。

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C-不定式的概念、作用语法梳理不定式一、概念:在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。

形式为:to+动词原形+其他。

之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。

不定式属于非谓语动词。

不定式的时态有:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。

二、不定式的作用1、作主语。

不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。

往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。

如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。

(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。

试比较:It is to negate(取消,否定)my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。

如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。

如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。

如:I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.3、作宾语补足语(1)动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。

如:He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。

如:We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)(3) There +不定式。

如:We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。

注意:(1)有些动词需用as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。

如:We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。

Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

(2)在动词feel (一感),hear, listen to(二听),have, let, make(三让),notice, see, watch, observe, look at(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。

如:They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.I often help him (to)clean the room.I helped him (to) find his things.4、作定语不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。

不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。

如:I have a lot of work to do.(动宾关系)He is looking for a room to live in.(动状关系)He is the first person to think of the idea.(主谓关系)He has got a chance to go abroad.(同位关系)注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。

如:Do you have anything else to say?2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中的副词或介词。

如:I need a pen to write with . (I will wirte with the pen ) (我需要一直钢笔写字)I have a little baby to look after .(I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)5、作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。

(1)做目的状语,to, only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…(如此···以便···)如:He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。

He came to the school to see his son.(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。

如:He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.He searched the room only to find nothing.(3)做原因状语。

如:We were very excited to hear the news.I’m glad to see you.(4)做条件状语。

如:To turn to the left , you could find a post office.6、作表语不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。

如:The question is how to put it into practice.My question is when to leave.His dream is to be a doctor.Her work is to look after the babies.注意:1.不定式在句中作表语时,对应的谓语动词用单数。

2.当主语是不定式时,表语不能用Ving形式,可用不定式。

如:To see is to believe. (眼见为实)7、独立结构。

如:To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.To make matters worse, it began to rain.能力提升1.The engine just won't start. Something seems________wrong with it.A.to go B.to have goneC.going D.having gone【解析】句意:这个引擎发动不了了,好像出毛病了。

seem后接to do形式,可首先排除C、D两项。

由于go wrong动作发生在seem之前,所以用动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示动作已经发生。

所以答案为B。

【答案】 B2.The airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.A.being completed B.to be completedC.completed D.having been completed【解析】句意:明年竣工的飞机场将有助于促进该地旅游业的发展。

complete与airport 之间是动宾关系,又由题中的关键信息next year可知此处需用动词不定式的被动形式to be completed,表示将要发生的被动动作,所以B项符合题意。

A项是现在分词的被动形式,表示正在进行的被动动作;C项是过去分词,表示已经完成的被动动作;D项是现在分词完成式的被动形式,表示已经完成的被动动作,三项均不合题意。

【答案】 B3.The old man sat in front of the television every evening,happy________anything that happened to be on.A.to watch B.watchingC.watched D.to have watched【解析】句意:每天晚上这个老人都坐在电视机前,高兴地看着电视上演的任何东西。

本题考查动词不定式作状语。

表示情感的词如happy,glad等用动词不定式作状语,故排除B、C两项。

而D项为完成式,不符合题意。

【答案】 A4.George returned after the war,only________ that his wife had left him.A.to be told B.tellingC.being told D.told【解析】句意:乔治战后返家,结果被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。

由题干中的only 可知要用不定式构成结果状语,故选A。

【答案】 A5.Having finished her project,she was invited by the school________ to the new students.A.speaking B.having spokenC.to speak D.to have spoken【解析】句意:完成了她的项目后,她应学校的邀请去给新生演讲。

本题根据“invite sb.to do sth.=sb.be invited to do sth.邀请某人做某事”,排除A、B两项;D项不定式的完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作,不符合句意,应排除。

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