非谓语动词之不定式
非谓语之动词不定式用法详解

动词不定式的用法二、动词不定式充当的句子成分不定式具有名词、动词、形容词和副词的特性,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
(一)、作主语:1、不定式作主语多表示具体的、一次性的动作;动名词作主语多表示经常性的、习惯性的动作。
如:To swim today is a good idea Eating too much is bad for your health.2、不定式作主语时,常可以用it 作形式主语,而将真正的不定式主语后置。
但要熟记以下使用动名词作主语的句型:常用动名词作主语的句型有:It is/was +There is/was +更糟糕的)注意:There is no need for sb to do sth.2. 一般情况下,不定式作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:To see is to believe.3. 当主语为不定式时,表语也用不定式来表示一致性。
如:To see is to believe.(二)、作宾语1、不定式作宾语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作。
如:Tom likes playing football, but he likes to play basketball today.但需要牢记以下的动词只使用v-ing 为宾语:avoid, miss, delay / postpone, suggest / advise, finish, practice, enjoy/appreciate, imagine, resist, admit, deny, envy, escape / envy, risk, pardon / excuse, keep / keep on, stand, mind;有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语,如:decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, manage, refuse, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help, wait, happen, afford, fail, threaten;有些动词短语后面也只能接动名词作宾语,如:lead to, get down to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to,be addicted to, adjust/adapt to, devote to,object to,get to/be used to(习惯于),prefer…to…, can't stand(忍不住),give up,insist on,keep(on),put off,be worth,be/keep busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),feel/look/seem like,set about,depend on,prevent sb. from,succeed in, thank you for, apologize for;有些动词后面既可以接不定式作宾语,又可以接动名词作宾语,如:continue,begin,start,prefer,like,love,hate,forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,need, require, want 等。
高中语法非谓语动词之动词不定式讲解及练习

(7)动词不定式作独立成分 这些短语有: to begin with, to tell the truth,to make a long story short,so to speak,to be brief,to be frank,to conclude. 例:To begin with,I'like to introduce myself to you all.
2)在too...to结构中,后面的形容词是为 ready,eager,anxious,apt,willing,glad, pleased等词时,动词不定式不再有否定的意思。 too在此处可以理解成very的意思。 例:She is too ready to help. 她极其乐于帮助别人
原因状语: 动词不定式常跟在一些形容词后,说明产生这些情 绪的原因。这类形容词有: happy,surprised,sorry,glad,eager等 例:I am sorry to interrupt you.
2)be to 含有按计划,按命令做的事情或应该、可能、 注定发生的事情
例:We are to meet once a week. 我们按计划将一个月碰一次头。 What is to be done?应该怎么办? The key is nowhere to be found.可能
(4)动词不定式作宾语补足语或在被动语态中作主语补 足语 例:We'd love you to give us a hand. He was made to repair the broken chair. ※ 注意: 1)在一些动词后,作宾语补足语的动词不定式to要省 略掉。这类动词包括感官动词和使役动词。如: see,hear,watch,have,make,let等。但如果句子是被动语 态,动词不定式为主补时,要带to(let 除外) I heard her sing a song in the next room yesterday.
非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法

⾮谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的⽤法⾮谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)的⽤法⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词,主要形式有:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
1.“to do”动词不定式的变形2.动词不定式的⽤法(1)充当主语(⼀般会⽤it 当形式主语)To swim here is dangerous. =It is dangerous to swim here.To pass this English exam is unlikely. =(2)充当表语(多数情况下,可以转换成动词不定式做主语)My job is to help with your English learning.To help with your English learning is my job.(3)充当宾语(只能做某些动词的宾语,⼀般不做介词的宾语;有时⽤“it”做形式宾语)I decided to attend this meeting last night.I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.注意:当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时,只能跟不定式作宾语。
decide, determine, learn, wish, hopeagree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, failprepare, try, manage, help, promiseoffer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed(4)充当宾语补⾜语I persuaded him to make a speech in public.注意:在感官动词/使役动词/help后(see, hear, watch, notice, make,have, let后不定式做宾补时,可省略“to”)I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. (我看到了他们争论的整个过程)但,感官动词后⾯也可接Ving形式,表⽰正在进⾏。
非谓语动词——不定式

非谓语动词——不定式非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)与过去分词(-ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制,在句子中不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。
注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识一、不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。
有时可以不带to。
动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,但是有时态和语态的变化。
常见的形式如表所示(以及物动词do为例),不及物动词没有被动语态。
1. 不定式的一般式:一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired.The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式:进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式:如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前,就用完成式;若是在此基础上的被动含义,就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作,就要用完成进行式.eg. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法:1. 动词不定式做主语:不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解

(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解定义动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”,我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词,它只是一个符号,没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。
形式1. 不定式作名词的用法不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语,表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语(不定式短语)放在谓语之后。
例如:例2可变为It is important to obey the laws.例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有:句型一:*It is easy (difficult , hard, important , right , wrong, possible, impossible, necessary , unnecessary, foolish , wise, kind , cruel , nice…) to do …句型二:It is a pleasure (pity , pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes (sb 。
) some time to do sth 。
花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。
来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ,主要从以下两个方面来区别: 1两者所使用的形容词不同a.for sb 。
的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。
如easy, difficult, hard , important, possible, impossible , necessary , unnecessary, interesting 等。
·It is important for us to express our opinions 。
非谓语动词之动词不定式

四、动词不定式用作宾语补足语。
常见的动词有:
ask, tell, get, want, like, hate, prefer; (1)se老e, 师hea叫r,我wa们tc努h, 力no学tic习e, 英fee语l; 。
Tmhaektee,alceht,erhealspked us __to___ __w_o_r_k__ __h_a_r_d__ at English.
3)老师教我们怎样学习英语。 The teacher teaches us __h_o_w__ __t_o___ __l_e_a_rn__ English.
4)你能决定到哪里去? Can you decide __w_h_e_r_e__ ___t_o___ ___g_o____?
特殊疑问词 + 动词不定式 结构实际上是宾语从句的简化。 由复合句向简单句转化。 1. Can you tell me when we will start?
tell, show, teach, decide, learn等动词常用一 个带连接词的不定式作宾语。
1)你能告诉我什么时候出发? Can you tell me __w_h_e_n___ ___to_____ __st_a_r_t ___?
2)她教我们如何种植树木。 She showed us __h_o_w__ __t_o__ __p_la_n_t the trees.
(1)我看见她关门。
I sawsheiemsb__d_o_c_sl_oth_se___ t看he见do某or. 人做某事
(4)ha我te更sb喜to欢do你s关th 电视讨。厌某人做某事 Ipprreeffeerrsybotuo_d_ot_os_t_h_ 更_t_u加_r_n喜__欢_ _某_o_人f_f_做_ 某th事e TV.
非谓语动词中的动词不定式

非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词中的动词不定式非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的特点,还可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。
以下是我细心整理的非谓语动词中的动词不定式,欢送大家共享。
动词不定式的形式为(to)+do/be done,其中to有时要省略。
通常所说的“动词原形”其实质就是不带to的不定式形式。
不定式具知名词、形容词和副词的性质。
它的否认形式为not+(to)do/be done。
一、不定式的时态性不定式从时态角度讲,具体形式分为一般式、进展式和完成式,是以不定式动作与谓语动词发生的时间的比较确定的。
具体状况如下:1、一般式不定式的一般式所表示的不定式动词与谓语动词同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。
【例句】Tom plans to take part in the postgraduate entrance exams.汤姆打算要考研。
2、进展式不定式的进展式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。
【例句】Tom pretended to be fully sleeping.汤姆装作睡得很沉。
3、完成式不定式的完成式表示发生于谓语动词动作之前。
【例句】Tom is pleased to have met his friend who has not kept intouch for many years.汤姆很兴奋能遇上他多年未联系的伴侣。
二、不定式的句子成分属性不定式如其他非谓语动词一样可以充当多种句子成分,包括主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语以及状语。
1、作主语【例句】To accomplish the budget in a month is impossible.在一个月内完成预算是不行能的。
2、作表语【例句】My wife’s task is to take charge of loveliness.我老婆的'任务是负责”得意”。
3、作宾语1〕假设谓语动词为find,want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agr ee,promise,prefer时,不定式〔宾语〕后面存在宾语补足语成分,要用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语〔不定式〕后置于句尾,放在宾语补足语后面。
非谓语动词之动词不定式

非谓语动词之动词不定式一、动词不定式表目的,如:I went to the post office to mail a letter.注意:强调动词不定式表示目的时,动词不定式可用in order to或so as to + 动词原形。
so as to不用于句首。
1:(2011四川,11)Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly. (keep)Simon做了一个大竹箱为了养这只生病的小鸟直到它会飞为止。
2:(2011重庆,29)More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced food safety. (raise)在政府官员看来,我们应该制作更多的电视节目来引起人们对食品安全的关注。
3:(要想成为赢家be),you need to give all you have and try your best.4:—why are the students working so hard these days?—(准备即将到来的入学考试prepare)5:With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (为父亲买些礼物buy)6:I was going along the street (找个地方look) to park when the audient occurred二、某些形容词作表语表示喜、怒、哀、乐时,其后常跟不定式。
如:1、I am so sorry to hear that your mother is ill.2、He was angry (把他一个人留下来leave)3、I’m very glad (在这儿又见到了你meet)4、I’m so sorry (让你等这么长时间keep)5、you were silly (没锁上你的车lock)after you got out of it.6、(2010辽宁,25)We the temple still in its original condition. (astonish)发现寺院仍处于原始的状态,我们感到非常震惊。
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动词不定式一.定义1.由“to+动词原形”构成, 是动词的一种非谓语形式, 在句中作除谓语之外的其他成分。
to是不定式的标志,无词义。
不定式无人称和数的变化,2.肯定形式to do; 否定形式not to do。
3.不定式仍有动词的特点,即可以有自己的宾语和状语。
二.功能:不定式有名词、形容词、副词的功能,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。
就是不作谓语。
1.作主语(谓语动词使用三单形式) , 一般表示具体的某次动作。
①直接放在句首To help each other is good.②用it作形式主语,而将作真正的主语(不定式)置于句末,如以下结构:◆It is easy/ hard/ difficult/important/necessary/interesting…(for sb.) to do sth.It is important for us to learn English wel l.◆It is our duty to do sth.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean.注:-ing形式与不定式作主语之区别:-ing作主语,通常是某种经常性的活动,即泛指某种抽象的动作;不定式作主语,通常表示某次具体的动作。
2.作宾语①常只跟to do作宾语的动词如下:hope, plan, decide, expect, agree, choose, seem, happen, learn, teach, prepare, promise, wish, wait, fail, afford, manage, refuse, pretend, offer, arrange 等②即跟to do又跟-ing作宾语,意义差别不大的有:begin/start; continue;③即跟to do又跟-ing作宾语,且意义差别很大的有:remember, forget, mean, try, regret, stop, can’t help等。
略。
④“疑问词/whether to do”作宾语。
“疑问词+不定式”作宾语= 该疑问词引导的一个宾语从句。
I don’t know how to finish the work.=I don’t know how I can finish the work.⑤用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语不定式放在最后。
I find it difficult to learn English well.I don’t think it right to do it that way.3.作表语①放在be/ seem/ appear等之后,表示主语的内容是将来的某次(具体)的动作。
His dream is to be a doctor.4.作定语①放在其修饰的词之后,表将来。
与被修饰的词有被动关系,不定式必是及物动词。
I have a lot of homework to do.I have no pen to write with.Give me a piece of paper to write on. 给我一张纸写字。
②当被修饰的名词是序数词(包括last, only, next)和最高级,或有序数词(包括last)和最高级来修饰时,要用不定式作定语。
Lucy is always the first to come and the last to leave.The last one to arrive pays the bill.I don’t think him to be the best man to do the job.③当名词为复合不定代词something, anything…等时,常用不定式作定语。
Do you have something to say for yourself?There was nothing to bring home that morning. 那天早上(他回家时)两手空空。
④不定式常作下列的名词定语:time, way, place, plan, chance, decision, promise, effort,等。
He needs time to do his homework.Our teacher had no time to think about rest.Is there a good place to hang out?The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.I know the best way to go around the city.5.作宾语补足语①以下动词,后接宾语,再接to do作宾补语。
tell, want, ask, teach, expect, invite, order, help, like, send, advise, choose, beg, allow, encourage, force, wish, warn, hate 等。
构成ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.②以下动词,后接宾语,再接省to的不定式作宾补语。
若变为被动语态,添上to。
一感:feel二听:listen to, hear三让/使:let make, have五看:look at, see, watch, notice, observe半帮助:helpThe teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他像这样说这个单词。
Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box?你能帮我搬这个重箱子吗?The teacher made the two students stand for three hours.→The two students were made to stand for three hours.6.作状语①作目的状语to do, in order to do,等,I come here only to say good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。
In order not to forget, I have written it down.为了强调,把不定式放在句首To save the energy, turn off the hot water after you take s shower.To speak English well, one must have a lot of practice.②作原因状语I’m glad to see you again.I am sorry to hear your grandma is il l.③作结果状语He is to young to go to school.He is old enough to go to school.7.作插入语作插入语,为独立成分,位置活泼。
但需与其它成分用逗号隔开。
to be honest, to tell the truth, to begin with, to make matters worse, to be frank(坦率地说)等。
8. It's adj. for sb.to do sth. 和It's adj.of sb.to do sth.1)It's adj. for sb.to do sth.做某事对某人来说如何如何。
其中的形容词一般为描述事物的特征、特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
= To study two languages is very hard for him2)It's adj.of sb.to do sth.某人做什么真的是怎样怎样。
其中的形容词一般描述人的性格,品质,性情,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如:It’s very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了.=You are very nice to help me9.用作介词的to,后接doing.be used to习惯于;look forward to期望;pay attention to注意;prefer…to…比起…更喜欢…◆记住如下惯用法:①Why not do②had better (not) doYou'd better give back the books to the library on time.③would rather (not) do than do sth.④不定式在介词but, except后面时,若but等前面有实义动词do的任何形式时,则后接不带to的不定式;否则带to.They did nothing but wait.He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
What do you like to do besides swim?除了游泳你还喜欢做什么?They had nothing to do but wait.=They had no choice but to wait.He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药,他什么都信。
⑤prefer to sth. rather than do sth.⑥used to do sth.⑦will/would you please (not) do sth.⑧do sth. to do sth.采取措施做…⑨want to do sth.想做…/want doing想被…⑩have something to do with…与…有关。