史上最好最全的名校公开课集结!(中英文字幕)
网易公开课,随时随地上名校公开课
网易公开课,随时随地上名校公开课作者：麦慕银来源：《广东第二课堂·初中》2011年第11期说起哈佛、耶鲁、牛津、剑桥这些世界级名校，你脑海中也许会呈现神秘而高深莫测的形象，这些名校培养了一批又一批一流的政客和学者，以至于它们几乎成了“最高智慧”的代名词。
如果你对这些名校感兴趣，如果你热爱知识，如果你想开拓你的思维和知识面，也许上“网易公开课”（/）是一个不错的选择。
网易公开课是网易公司推出的“全球名校视频公开课”项目，使网友足不出户便可免费观看哈佛、耶鲁、牛津、剑桥等全球顶级名校的精品课程视频，实现网友与名校真正零距离接触，无成本、无障碍地了解世界前沿的新知、新思。
最近，网易公开课还开发了ipad、iphone、android和lenovo客户端下载专区（/special/opendownload/），提供给手机用户使用，它具有收藏与同步、记忆播放进度、课程快速搜索等特色功能，让你在手机上也能方便地观看名校课程视频。
网易公开课的课程涵盖了哲学、文学、历史、经济/金融、伦理、心理、社会、计算机、物理、生物等方面的内容。
你在课堂上也许听老师讲过黑洞，或者在各种媒体中也看过关于黑洞的介绍，但你还想深入了解一下黑洞和关于它的前沿研究，麻省理工大学的《探索黑洞》课程也许符合你的需求；如果你喜欢音乐，耶鲁大学的《聆听音乐》课程能培养你对音乐的感悟；再来看看网易公开课上很火的一个课程，哈佛大学Michael J. Sandel教授讲授的《公正》，一开始，教授就问了一个问题：“假如你是一辆有轨电车的司机，你所驾驶的电车正在飞快地行驶在轨道上，突然，你发现有5名工人正在在轨道的尽头上工作，你努力想制停电车，却发现刹车失灵了，你感到绝望，因为你知道，如果电车撞向这5名工人，会使他们全部死亡。
这时，你发现轨道的尽头有一条侧轨，那儿有1名工人在工作，方向盘还是好的，你可以将电车转弯，如果你想转到侧轨上，撞死1名工人而非5名，那么我们的第一个问题是，应当怎样做？你会怎样做？”也许绝大多数人会选择转到侧轨上，撞死1人而非5人，但这样的选择是不是就是绝对正确的？或者说这样的选择是不是就是公正的？《公正》课程会提出更多类似的案例或问题来引发你的思考。
英语优质公开课课件ppt课件ppt课件ppt
Course arrangement
要点三
3 months
This course is designed for students who need to improve their English in a short period of time It focuses on intensive training in all areas of English language proficiency
要点一
要点二
6 months
This course is suitable for students who want to improve their English gradually and systematically It provides a balance of language skills training and cultural understanding
Clear explanations
Provide clear and detailed explanations of English grammar rules, helping students understand and apply them correctly
Practice exercises
Scene simulation is a teaching method that simulates real-life situations to help students better understand and apply language.
In open English courses, scenario simulation is commonly used for oral and listening training. Teachers simulate scenarios such as business negotiations, tourism, and shopping, allowing students to play different roles and engage in dialogue exercises to improve their oral expression and listening comprehension abilities.
耶鲁公开课
者。
世界知名大学的网络公开课程，可称是优势教育资源对个人自修的赠与。
今年秋季，耶鲁的网络公开课将增扩至36门。
而这不独是耶鲁的专利，哈佛、麻省理工等美国知名高校都已纷纷在网上开课，提供课堂实录，以飨全世界的求知者。
耶鲁大学公开课现场。
在网上流传最广的课程之一《死亡》的讲师，耶鲁大学著名教授Shelly Kagan。
执教《金融市场》的是国际顶尖的行为经济学专家罗伯特·希勒Robert J. Shiller。
哈佛大学政治哲学教授麦克尔·桑德尔（Michael J. Sandel）今年3月到访复旦大学，让众多《正义》课程烂熟于胸的粉丝，有机会亲临“桑德尔剧院”。
南都周刊记者_黄修毅“开心网曾有一项投票，领取五十万现金和立马上清华，二选一。
”王珊犹豫了很久，还是无从选择，当时她刚从一所部属高校毕业。
“现在不同了，有五十万，肯定出国读书，清华不考虑。
”在一家国际会计师事务所工作了一年的她，斩钉截铁地说。
引发王珊态度巨变的原因，正是这一年国外大学网络公开课的体验。
第一次听说耶鲁公开课，是从同事的iPod曲目列表中，瞟到了一串“Death”命名文件，每首长近一个小时。
好奇心促使下，她点开“播放”按钮，从方寸大小的液晶屏上，跃出一个瘦削的老头，大胡子秃瓢，乍一看像“塔利班”圣战组织成员，披上了合乎西方礼俗的服饰。
更奇的是，他盘腿坐在一张桦木桌面上，镜头推远，背后高敞的空间有如圣殿。
老头儿肢体语言丰富，口头禅是“We’re sitting here to…”。
面对台下百多名耶鲁学生，“果然是彼此都坐着，很平等。
”初见哲学家坐而论道，就触动了王珊对传承自柏拉图式“阿加德米”（Academy）的西方大学讲坛的神往。
没有国内大学课堂惯用的“三段论式结构”PPT演示文稿，取而代之是讲台上一盏温馨的台灯。
之后，她从VeryCD等下载网站和豆瓣讨论组中，才知道这个以“死亡”为题为本科生开设公选课的，是耶鲁大学著名教授Shelly Kagan。
哈佛公开课-公正课中英字幕_第二课-食人惨案
第二讲《食人惨案》不得不那样做是吗\You have to do what you have to do?差不多吧不得已而为之\You got to do what you got to do pretty much.如果你已经19天没有进食\If you've been going 19 days without any food you know 那么总得有人要作出牺牲\someone just has to take the sacrifice.有了他的牺牲其他人才能活下来\Someone has to make the sacrifice and people can survive.很好你叫什么名字\Alright that's good. What's your name?-马库斯 -你有什么话要对马库斯说吗\- Marcus. - Marcus what do you say to Marcus? 上一次我们以几个故事开头\Last time we started out last time with some stories 几个在道德上两难的例子\with some moral dilemmas有电车事故的例子\about trolley cars也有器官移植医生\and about doctors and healthy patients手握健康病人生杀大权的例子\vulnerable to being victims of organ transplantation.在讨论中我们注意到两点\We noticed two things about the arguments we had一点与我们的讨论方式有关\one had to do with the way we were arguing.我们首先在特定情况下作出判断\We began with our judgments in particular cases. 然后试图阐明作出这些判断的\We tried to articulate the reasons or the principles 理由或原则\lying behind our judgments.当我们面临新的情况时\And then confronted with a new case我们重新检验这些原则\we found ourselves reexamining those principles根据新的情况修正这些理由或原则\revising each in the light of the other.然后我们发现\And we noticed the built in pressure要在特定案例之下自圆其说我们的判断\to try to bring into alignment our judgments about particular cases校正我们一再确认的原则难度越来越大\and the principles we would endorse on reflection.我们也注意到了这些争论的本质\We also noticed something about the substance of the arguments已经初见端倪\that emerged from the discussion.我们发现有时我们倾向于\We noticed that sometimes we were tempted to依据行为所产生的后果\locate the morality of an act in the consequences in the results以及对外界的影响判断其是否道德\in the state of the world that it brought about. 我们称之为后果主义道德推理\And we called this consequentiality moral reasoning.同时注意到在某些情况下\But we also noticed in some cases不仅行为的后果会使我们动摇\we weren't swayed only by the result.有时我们中许多人认为行为的后果固然重要\Sometimes many of us felt that not just consequences但行为的道德本质或是特性也同样重要\but also the intrinsic quality or character of the act matters morally.有些人认为\Some people argued某些行为反正就是绝对错误的\that there are certain things that are just categorically wrong即便该行为产生了好的结果\even if they bring about a good result即便能牺牲一人挽救五人性命\even if they saved five people at the cost of one life.从而对比了后果主义与绝对主义道德原则之间的差别\So we contrasted consequentiality moral principles with categorical ones.从今天到接下来的几天里我们将要剖析\Today and in the next few days we will begin to examine后果主义道德理论中最具影响的一个版本\one of the most influential versions of consequentiality moral theory.即功利主义哲学\And that's the philosophy of utilitarianism.杰里米·边沁 18世纪英国政治哲学家\Jeremy Bentham the 18th century English political philosopher首次对功利主义道德论做出了系统的定义\gave first the first clear systematic expression to the utilitarian moral theory边沁的核心观点非常简单\And Bentham's idea his essential idea is a very simple one.充满了道德上的直观感染力\With a lot of morally intuitive appeal其观点如下\Bentham's idea is the following正确的选择公正的选择\the right thing to do; the just thing to do就是最大化功利\is to maximize utility.那这个"功利"是什么意思呢\What did he mean by utility?他认为功利等于快乐减去痛苦\He meant by utility the balance of pleasure over pain 功利主义认为快乐和痛苦都是可以计算的幸福减去苦难\happiness over suffering.在此基础上他提出了功利最大化的原则\Here's how he arrived at the principle of maximizing utility.边沁通过观察得出\He started out by observing that all of us所有人类均受两大至高无上的因素所支配\all human beings are governed by two sovereign masters:痛苦与快乐\pain and pleasure.人的本性就是趋乐避苦的\We human beings like pleasure and dislike pain.所以我们应以道德为基准\And so we should base morality不管是在考虑个人行为时\whether we're thinking about what to do in our own lives 还是作为立法者或普通公民\or whether as legislators or citizens考虑如何立法时\we're thinking about what the laws should be.于公于私最正确的选择都该是\The right thing to do individually or collectivelyis制作人：心舟 QQ:1129441083即为全方位地最大化地提升幸福\to maximize act in a way that maximizes the overall level of happiness.边沁的功利主义有时被总结为一句口号\Bentham's utilitarianism is sometimes summed up with the slogan为最多的人谋求最大的幸福\"The greatest good for the greatest number."有了这条最基本的功利原则\With this basic principle of utility on hand让我们检验一下这条原则\let's begin to test it and to examine it是否适用于另一案例\by turning to another case another story而这一次就不再是假定的事件了\but this time not a hypothetical story是个真实的故事\a real life story女王诉达德利和斯蒂芬斯案\the case of the Queen versus Dudley and Stevens. 这是19世纪英国的一则法律案例\This was a 19th century British law case众多法学院争论不休的著名案例\that's famous and much debated in law schools. 这则案例是这样的我先概述一下\Here's what happened in the case. I'll summarize the story然后假设你们就是陪审团会怎么来裁定\then I want to hear how you would rule imagining that you were the jury.当时的报纸是这么描述事件背景的\A newspaper account of the time described the background.最惨绝人寰的海难\A sadder story of disaster at sea"木犀草号"幸存者的骇人经历\was never told than that of the survivors of the yacht Mignonette.他们的船在南大西洋\The ship floundered in the South Atlantic距好望角1300英里处沉没了\1300 miles from the Cape.全体船员一行四人达德利是船长\There were four in the crew Dudley was the captain斯蒂芬斯是大副布鲁克斯是水手\Stevens was the first mate Brooks was a sailor 都是品德高尚的人至少报上是这么说的\all men of excellent character or so the newspaper account tells us.第四名船员是船上的侍者\The fourth crew member was the cabin boy理查德·派克 17岁\Richard Parker 17 years old.他是孤儿没有家人\He was an orphan he had no family这是他首次出海远航\and he was on his first long voyage at sea.据报道他不顾朋友的反对\He went the news account tells us rather against the advice of his friends.带着充满希望的野心\He went in the hopefulness of youthful ambition憧憬此次征程能将他铸造成为男人\thinking the journey would make a man of him. 然而事与愿违\Sadly it was not to be.这则案例的实际情况毫无争议\The facts of the case were not in dispute.大浪导致翻船 "木犀草号"沉没\Wave hit the shipand Mignonette went down.四人逃上了救生艇\The four crew members escaped to a lifeboat.仅有的食物就是两罐腌萝卜没有淡水\The only food they had were two cans of preserved turnips no fresh water.头三天他们什么也没吃\For the first three days they ate nothing.第四天他们开了一罐腌萝卜来吃\On the fourth day they opened one of the cans of turnips and ate it.第五天他们抓到了一只海龟\The next day they caught a turtle.就着另一罐腌萝卜\Together with the other can of turnips这只海龟让他们又撑了几天\the turtle enabled them to subsist for the next few days.随后的八天内他们弹尽粮绝了\And then for eight days they had nothing.没有食物和饮用水\No food. No water.想象一下如果你是当事人你会怎么做\Imagine yourself in a situation like that what would you do?他们是这样做的\Here's what they did.现在派克正蜷缩在救生艇的角落\By now the cabin boy Parker is lying at the bottom of the lifeboat in the corner因为他不顾众人劝阻饮用了海水\because he had drunk seawater against the advice of the others他生病了而且似乎快死了\and he had become ill and he appeared to be dying. 在第19天船长达德利\So on the 19th day Dudley the captain建议大家应该抽签\suggested that they should all have a lottery通过抽签决定谁先死来救其他的人\that they should draw lots to see who would die to save the rest.布鲁克斯拒绝了他不赞成抽签\Brooks refused. He didn't like the lottery idea. 不知道他是因为不愿意冒这个险呢\We don't know whether this was because he didn't want to take the chance还是因为他信奉绝对主义道德原则\or because he believed in categorical moral principles.反正最终没有进行抽签\But in any case no lots were drawn.又过了一天依然没有船只的影子\The next day there was still no ship in sight 于是达德利叫布鲁克斯转过头去\so Dudley told Brooks to avert his gaze并示意斯蒂芬斯最好杀掉派克\and he motioned to Stevens that the boy Parker had better be killed.达德利为派克做了祷告并告诉派克他的时辰到了\Dudley offered a prayer he told the boy his time had come然后就用小刀割破他的颈静脉杀死了他\and he killed him with a pen knife stabbing him in the jugular vein.虽然良心上极力拒绝但布鲁克斯\Brooks emerged from his conscientious objection最终还是加入了这骇人的"盛宴"\to share in the gruesome bounty.整整四天他们三个\For four days the three of them靠派克的尸体和血液为食\fed on the body and blood of the cabin boy.真实的故事最后他们得救了\True story. And then they were rescued.达德利日记里描述的得救情形委婉得让人震惊\Dudley describes their rescue in his diary with staggering euphemism.他写道第24天我们正在吃早餐\Quote "On the 24th day as we were having our breakfast终于有船来了\a ship appeared at last."一艘德国船搭救了这三名幸存者\The three survivors were picked up by a German ship.把他们带回了英国的法尔茅斯\They were taken back to Falmouth in England并在那被逮捕接受审判\where they were arrested and tried.布鲁克斯成了目击证人达德利和斯蒂芬斯则成了被告\Brooks turned state's witness. Dudley and Stevens went to trial.他们对事实供认不讳\They didn't dispute the facts.但他们声称此行为是迫不得已\They claimed they had acted out of necessity;他们这样辩护\that was their defense.辩称"牺牲一人保全三人"是更好的结果\They argued in effect better that one should die so that three could survive.但控方并不为之所动\The prosecutor wasn't swayed by that argument.他认为谋杀就是谋杀所以此案被送上法庭\He said murder is murder and so the case went to trial.现在假设你们就是陪审团\Now imagine you are the jury.为了简化讨论过程撇开法律问题不谈\And just to simplify the discussion put aside the question of law假设你们作为陪审团只需裁定\let's assume that you as the jury are charged with deciding他们的所作所为在道德上是否是允许的\whether what they did was morally permissible or not.有多少会投"无罪" 认为道德上是允许的\How many would vote'not guilty' that what they did was morally permissible?多少会投"有罪" 认为道德上是不允许的\And how many would vote'guilty' what they did was morally wrong?绝大多数认为有罪\A pretty sizeable majority.现在来听听大家的理由\Now let's see what people's reasons are先从少数派开始\and let me begin with those who are in the minority.先听听为达德利和斯蒂芬斯作出的辩护\Let's hear first from the defense of Dudley and Stevens.你为什么会在道德上赦免他们\Why would you morally exonerate them?理由是什么 \What are your reasons?我认为此行为应该受到道德上的谴责\I think it is morally reprehensible但我认为道德上应该受到谴责\but I think that there is a distinction between what's morally reprehensible并不等同于法律上应当承担责任\and what makes someone legally accountable.换言之正如法官常说的\In other words as the judge said情有可原未必不可法外容情\what's always moral isn't necessarily against the law当然我不认为一句情有可原\and while I don't think that necessity就能为盗窃谋杀以及其他违法行为正名\justifies theft or murder or any illegal act但有时情有可原的程度\at some point your degree of necessity确实可能法外容情赦免你的罪行\does in fact exonerate you from any guilt.很好其他人呢还有谁来辩护\Okay. Good. Other defenders. Other voices for the defense.为他们行为来点道德辩护 \Moral justifications for what they did.你来\Yes.谢谢我只是认为\Thank you. I just feel like在那样的绝境下为了生存你不得不那样做\in the situation that desperate you have to do what you have to do to survive.不得不那样做\You have to do what you have to do.对差不多吧不得已而为之\Yeah you've got to do what you've got to do. Pretty much.如果你已经19天没有进食\If you've been going 19 days without any food那么总得有人要作出牺牲\you know someone just has to take the sacrifice必须有人牺牲其他人才能活下来\someone has to make the sacrifice and people can survive.此外假定他们活了下来\And furthermore from that let's say they survive回家以后成为对社会更加有益的公民\and then they become productive members of society比如创建了无数的慈善机构\who go home and start like a million charity organizations或者诸如此类的\and this and that and this and that.-最终他们造福了所有人 -对\- I mean they benefited everybody in the end. - Yeah. 当然没人知道他们接下来的情况\So I mean I don't know what they did afterwards 他们也可能回去杀了更多人我不知道\they might have gone and like killed more people I don't know.-那边在说什么 -也许他们成了杀手\- What? - Maybe they were assassins.那万一他们回家后结果成了杀手呢\What if they went home and they turned out to be assassins?那万一是杀手的话这个问题...\What if they went home and turned out to be你肯定想知道他们要杀谁\You do want to know who they assassinated.那倒是的确实是这样\That's true too. That's fair. That's fair.我的确会想知道他们要杀谁\I would want to know who they assassinated.好的你回答得不错你叫什么名字\All right. That's good. What's your name?-马库斯 -马库斯好了\- Marcus. - Marcus. All right.我们已经听了多种版本的辩护了\We've heard a defense a couple of voices for the defense.现在要听听控方的说法\Now we need to hear from the prosecution.大多数人都认为他们的行为是错误的为什么\Most people think what they did was wrong. Why?-你来 -首先我想的就是\- Yes. - One of the first things that I was thinking was 他们已经很长时间没吃东西了\they haven't been eating for a really long time 也许已经影响到他们的精神状况\maybe they're mentally like affected可以借此作为辩护\and so then that could be used as a defense可以辩称他们当时精神状况不太正常\a possible argument that they weren't in the proper state of mind所以他们的决定可能并非出于本意\they weren't making decisions they might otherwise be making.而如果只能用这样的辩词\And if that's an appealing argument说只有人精神状况不正常才会干出那种事\that you have to be in an altered mindset to do something like that这也就意味着那些觉得该论证有说服力的人们\it suggests that people who find that argument convincing其实是认为他们行为是不道德的\do think that they were acting immorally.但我想知道的是你是怎么想的\But what do you- I want to know你是怎么想的才会为他们辩护\what you think. You defend them.不好意思你是投的"有罪" 是吧\I'm sorry you vote to convict right?对我认为他们的行为在道德上不算正当\Yeah I don't think that they acted in a morally appropriate way.为什么你会怎么辩护\And why not? What do you say?比如马库斯他就为他们辩护\here's Marcus he just defended them.他说的你也听到了\He said...you heard what he said.对\Yes.在那种情况下你只能不得已而为之\That you've got to do what you've got to do in a case like that.-对 -你怎么反驳马库斯呢\- Yeah. -What do you say to Marcus?世上没有任何情况允许\That there's no situation that would allow人类来主宰别人的命运或决断他人的生死\human beings to take the idea of fate or the other people's lives in their own hands我们没有那样的权力\that we don't have that kind of power.很好谢谢\Good. Okay. Thank you.你叫什么名字\And what's your name?布丽特\Britt.布丽特好的还有谁\Britt. Okay. Who else?你有何看法站起来说\What do you say? Stand up.我想知道达德利和斯蒂芬斯\I'm wondering if Dudley and Steven是否征得过派克的同意取他的性命\had asked for Richard Parker's consent in you know dying是否那样就能赦免他们的谋杀罪名\if that would exonerate them from an act of murder是否这样道德上就是正当的\and if so is that still morally justifiable?非常有趣好的征得同意\That's interesting. All right. Consent.等等你叫什么名字\Wait wait hang on. What's your name?凯思琳\Kathleen.凯思琳说假设他们那样做了\Kathleen says suppose they had that那该是什么样的情形呢\what would that scenario look like?故事里达德利手拿小刀\So in the story Dudley is there pen knife in hand没有做祷告或是在做祷告前\but instead of the prayer or before the prayer他说派克介意我们杀你吗\he says "Parker would you mind?"我们实在太饿了\"We're desperately hungry"马库斯对此感同身受啊\as Marcus empathizes with我们实在太饿了反正你也活不久了\"we're desperately hungry. You're not going to last long anyhow."对你就牺牲下自己吧\"Yeah. You can be a martyr."你就牺牲下自己吧怎么样派克\"Would you be a martyr? How about it Parker?" 这样的话你会怎么想这在道德上是正当的吗\Then what do you think? Would it be morally justified then?假设派克在半昏迷状态下说了好的\Suppose Parker in his semi-stupor says"Okay." 我认为这在道德上是不正当的但我在想...\I don't think it would be morally justifiable but I'm wondering if --即使那样也不是正当的 -对\- Even then even then it wouldn't be? - No.你认为即便是派克同意了\You don't think that even with consent这在道德上也是不正当的\it would be morally justified?有没人赞同凯思琳这个"征得同意"的观点\Are there people who think who want to take up Kathleen's consent idea有谁认为派克同意道德上就是正当的\and who think that that would make it morally justified?如果你认为是正当的请举起手来\Raise your hand if it would if you think it would. 非常有趣\That's very interesting.为什么派克同意了在道德上就会不同呢\Why would consent make a moral difference? 为什么呢你来\Why would it? Yes.我只是认为如果这就是他的本意\Well I just think that if he was making his own original idea是他主动要求被杀的\and it was his idea to start with只有在这种情况下\then that would be the only situation我才认为无论从哪方面来说都是恰当的\in which I would see it being appropriate in any way因为那样的话就不能说派克是被迫的\because that way you couldn't make the argument that he was pressured毕竟当时是3对1的局面派克不占优势\you know it's three-to-one or whatever the ratio was.-对 -我认为如果是他自己决定献出生命\- Right. - And I think that if he was making a decision to give his life如果是他自己提出要牺牲自己\and he took on the agency to sacrifice himself也许有人会赞颂这种行为\which some people might see as admirable而其他人也许会反对这个决定\and other people might disagree with that decision. 所以如果是他自己提出的\So if he came up with the idea除非他是在这种情况下的同意\that's the only kind of consent才能确信说道德上没问题\we could have confidence in morally then it would be okay.否则考虑到当时情况\Otherwiseit would be kind of coerced consent他可能是被迫同意的\under the circumstancesyou think.有没有人认为即便是派克同意了\Is there anyone who thinks that even the consent of Parker也不能为他们的谋杀行径正名\would not justify their killing him?有人这么想吗你来\Who thinks that? Yes.站起来告诉我们理由\Tell us why. Stand up.我认为派克之所以会被杀\I think that Parker would be killed with the hope是因为其他人抱着可能被营救的希望\that the other crew members would be rescued 否则根本没有确定的理由要杀死派克\so there's no definite reason that he should be killed因为你根本不知道自己何时会得救\because you don't know when they're going to get rescued即使你杀了他那也无济于事\so if you kill him it's killing him in vain不然岂不是在得救之前你必须一直杀人\do you keep killing a crew member until you're rescued最终无人可杀因为到头来人都死光了\and then you're left with no one because someone's going to die eventually?这情形的道德逻辑似乎是这样\Well the moral logic of the situation seems to be that就是他们一直拣软柿子捏\that they would keep on picking off the weakest maybe 逐个杀掉直至获救\one by one until they were rescued.而在本案中他们比较幸运\And in this caseluckily获救时起码还有三个是活着的\they were rescued when three at least were still alive.那如果派克的确同意了\Now if Parker did give his consent你觉得杀他是正当的吗\would it be all right do you think or not?-不还是错误的 -告诉我们理由为什么是错的\- No it still wouldn't be right. - And tell us why it wouldn't be all right.首先我认为食人有违伦理\First of all cannibalism I believe is morally incorrect你不管怎样都不该吃人\so you shouldn't be eating human anyway.这么说来食人在道德上是不能容忍的\So cannibalism is morally objectionable as such即便是在这种只能坐以待毙的情况下\so then even on the scenario of waiting until someone died依然是不能容忍的对吗\still it would be objectionable.对就我个人来讲\Yes to me personally我觉得这完全取决于一个人的道德修养\I feel like it all depends on one's personal morals而不是我们在这坐着说得清楚的\and like we can't sit here and just当然这只是我一家之言\like this is just my opinion其他人肯定会反对但是...\of course other people are going to disagree but这个到时再说先看他们的反对意见是什么\Well we'll see let's see what their disagreements are再来看他们的理由是否能说服你\and then we'll see if they have reasons that can persuade you or not.我们来试试好吧\Let's try that. All right.认为派克同意就属正当的\Now is there someone who can explain有没人能解释一下\those of you who are tempted by consent为什么派克同意了在道德上就有所不同呢\can you explain why consent makes such a moral difference?那抽签那个主意呢能被视作为同意吗\What about the lottery idea? Does that count as consent?还记得一开始时达德利曾提议抽签吗\Remember at the beginning Dudley proposed a lottery假设他们都同意了抽签\suppose that they had agreed to a lottery有多少人认为这样就可以接受\then how many would then say it was all right? 假设抽签时派克输了\Suppose there were a lottery cabin boy lost接下来的故事继续展开\and the rest of the story unfolded有多少人认为这样在道德上就是允许的\then how many people would say it was morally permissible?认为抽签了就能视为无罪的人数上升了\So the numbers are rising if we had a lottery. 我们来听听支持抽签\Let's hear from one of you会在道德上有所不同的人是怎么说的 \for whom the lottery would make a moraldifference.为什么\Why would it?就我的认知我觉得最重要的一点\I think the essential element in my mind之所以说他们构成犯罪\that makes it a crime is the idea是他们认为某种程度上自己命比派克更重要\that they decided at some point that their lives were more important than his而这正是一切犯罪的动机\and that I mean that's kind of the basis for really any crime.就好比是我的需要与欲望比你的更重要\Right? It's like my needs my desires are more important than yours所以要优先考虑我\and mine take precedent.但如果他们每人都同意抽签决定\And if they had done a lottery where everyone consented谁应该牺牲\that someone should die就像是所有的人都同意牺牲自己来救其他人\and it's sort of like they're all sacrificing themselves to save the rest.这样就可以接受是吗\Then it would be all right?是有点怪异但...\A little grotesque but但在道德上就是可以接受的\But morally permissible?-对 -你叫什么名字\- Yes. - And what's your name?-马特 -马特如此说来\- Matt. - So Matt for you真正困扰你的不是食人\what bothers you is not the cannibalism而是缺乏正当的程序\but the lack of due process.非要这样说也行\I guess you could say that.对吧有没谁同意马特的说法\Right? And can someone who agrees with Matt再来说说为什么通过抽签\say a little bit more about why a lottery让你觉得在道德上可以接受\would make it in your view morally permissible. 你说\Go ahead.就我的理解从始至终\The way I understood it originally was that一直困扰我们的争端就是\that was the whole issue is that从没有人去征得过派克的意见\the cabin boy was never consulted没人告诉他即将有什么遭遇\about whether or not something was going to happen to him就连最初提出的抽签\even with the original lottery他是否有份参与\whether or not he would be a part of that他们径直决定他应该是被牺牲的那个\it was just decided that he was the one that was going to die.-对就是这么个情况 -对\- Right that's what happened in the actual case. - Right.但如果他们抽签了他们也都同意这一程序\But if there were a lottery and they'd all agreed to the procedure那你认为就没问题是吧\you think that would be okay?对因为这样所有人都知道会有人死\Right because then everyone knows that there's going to be a death而不是像之前派克被完全蒙在鼓里\whereas the cabin boy didn't know that this discussion was even happening根本没有人预先警告他\there was no forewarning for him to know that可能抽到是我死\"Hey I may be the one that's dying."好吧假设每个人都赞同抽签\All right. Now suppose everyone agrees to the lottery抽签结果是派克输了\they have the lottery the cabin boy loses但他改主意了\and he changes his mind.你既然已经做了决定就相当于是口头契约\You've already decided it's like a verbal contract.你就不能反悔了已成定局了\You can't go back on that you've decided木已成舟了\the decision was made.抽签前你就知道你可能抽到牺牲自己救别人\If you know that you're dying for the reason of others to live.如果是别人抽到了那别人也得去死\If someone else had died you know that you would consume them so对但你可能会说 "我知道但我后悔了"\Right. But then you could say "I know but I lost".我只是觉得最大的道德问题\I just think that that's the whole moral issue就是根本没人征得过派克的意见\is that there was no consulting of the cabin boy 最可怕的是\and that's what makes it the most horrible他当时是完全被蒙在鼓里的\is that he had no idea what was even going on.如果他知道是怎么回事\That had he known what was going on至少会让人稍微可以理解一点\it would be a bit more understandable.很好我现在想听的是...\All right. Good. Now I want to hear -现在有人认为这行为是道德上允许的\so there are some who think it's morally permissible但只有20%的人 \but only about 20%以马库斯为代表\led by Marcus.还有人认为\Then there are some who say真正的问题在于没有征得同意\the real problem here is the lack of consent不管是没有征得同意抽签用公平程序进行\whether the lack of consent to a lottery to a fair procedure或者是凯思琳所说没有征得派克的同意杀他\or Kathleen's idea lack of consent at the moment of death.如果有征得同意\And if we add consent更多的人就愿意认为\then more people are willing这在道德上是正当的\to consider the sacrifice morally justified.。
公开课字幕翻译新探——以《网易名校公开课》为例
校园英语 / 翻译研究公开课字幕翻译新探——以《网易名校公开课》为例中南林业科技大学涉外学院/彭辉【摘要】本文结合当前国内字幕翻译现状和公开课字幕翻译存在的问题，根据网易名校公开课的字幕翻译进行分析，归纳出公开课字幕翻译的有效措施和方法，从而提升名校公开课字幕翻译的有效性。
【关键词】公开课 字幕翻译 网易课程实例【Abtract】The paper，based on the current situation of subtitle translation and its problems，at the same time，with typical examples in NETEASE，will elaborate on effective measures in subtitle translation and increase the influence of NETEASE’s public courses.【Key words】public courses; subtitle translation; examples in NETEASE网络的兴起给文化传播和教育开展带来了很大的便利。
顺应时代趋势的发展，各大网站推出名校公开课，为全世界的学生以及广大的学习爱好者提供一个便利的学习平台。
本文以网易推出的名校公开课为例，进行有效地字幕翻译研究。
一、公开课字幕翻译的特点网络公开课字幕翻译是翻译领域的一枝新秀，它不同于寻常的影视翻译，只要做到便于理解即可，翻译变通性很大。
公开课字幕翻译因为其学术的专业性，首要原则就是信息的精准性，必须完全忠实于授课教师的教学信息内涵。
公开课字幕翻译相对其他种类的翻译，在时间、空间上的优势无法比拟，同时还有图像生动表达、字幕灵活展现以及专业化的口语表达等优势特点。
对于网络公开课字幕翻译来说，不仅要做好对于理论知识专业化的理解，还要做到摆脱语言形式的限制，深入剖析语言文化知识背景。
世界名校视频公开课列表
本课程涵盖了数据统计分析的基础内容，共四十二节课。Nicholas P. JEWELL教授主要采取ppt授课方式，让同学们更容易看到合记住知识点。并且复习起来非常方便。
8
《经济学》
斯坦福大学
网易、新浪
中英双字幕
课程简介
很多斯坦福商学院的人自豪地认为，哈佛商学院代表比较传统的经营管理培训，培养的是“西装革履式”的大企业管理人才；而斯坦福商学院则更强调开创新科技新企业的“小企业精神”，培养的是“穿T-恤衫”的新一代小企业家。这种说法有没有道理呢？
13
《美联储与金融危机》
乔治华盛顿大学
新浪
中英双字幕
课程简介
美联储主席本-伯南克将于今年3月份在乔治华盛顿大学商学院中担任四堂课的主讲，内容是阐述美联储在美国经济中所扮演的角色。
14
《银行业危机源起与后果》
英国公开
大学
新浪
中英双字幕
课程简介
2008年秋，全球金融危机，全世界的政府采取紧急措施以防止银行系统崩溃。这场自十九世纪三十年代以来最严重的金融危机造成了经济衰退。在英国，攀升的失业率、下降的房价和突增的政府债务，是银行系统临近崩溃造成的令人忧心的后果。本课深入观察了全球金融市场的衰败，解读银行业危机祸起之处。
耶鲁大学
网易、新浪
中英双字幕
课程简介
本课程通过分析在历史文献中最早的基督教运动提供了对基督教的起源历史研究，主要集中在新约集部分。虽然神学主题将占据我们主要的注意力，但是课程不只对新约的圣经神学部分进行研究。
2
《旧约全书导论》
耶鲁大学
网易、新浪
中英双字幕
课程简介
本课程探讨旧约(希伯来圣经)作为宗教生活的表达和古代以色列的思想，对西方文明的基础性文件。
高中英语省公开课一等奖全国示范课微课金奖PPT课件
Case analysis
01
02
03
定义
通过对实际案例的分析， 帮助学生理解和掌握知识 。
应用
在PPT中展示与课程内容 相关的实际案例，引导学 生进行分析和讨论。
作用
帮助学生更好地理解和掌 握知识，培养学生的分析 和解决问题的能力。
Part
03
Detailed explanation of teaching content
应用
在PPT中设计互动环节，如选择题、 填空题、简答题等，让学生即时反馈 ，教师根据反馈进行有针对性的讲解 。
Situational simulation
定义
模拟真实情境，让学生在 模拟情境中运用所学知识 解决问题。
应用
在PPT中展示与课程内容 相关的真实场景，引导学 生进行角色扮演、情景对 话等活动。
Student feedback
90% of students said the PPT courseware improved their English learning experience.
85% of students reported that the PPT courseware
made learning more interesting and engaging.
Part
05
Future outlook
Curriculum Development Plan
持续优化课程内容
根据教育改革的方向和英 语学科的发展，不断更新 课程内容，确保课程的前 沿性和实用性。
增加跨学科整合
探索与其他学科的交叉融 合，培养学生的综合素质 和跨学科应用能力。
引入创新教学方法
[耶鲁大学开放课程：聆听音乐].01.Introduction.中英文字幕
![[耶鲁大学开放课程：聆听音乐].01.Introduction.中英文字幕](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/340d8fd5b14e852458fb57e4.png)
Its aim is to teach you how to listen to music
有人可能会说 稍等
Wait a minute, you say
这很荒谬
That's preposterous
我天天听音乐的
I listen to music all the time
你这个老家伙
you old goat
你说的没错
And you're right
可能真是这样
You probably do
但是你听的是什么类型的音乐呢
But what kind of music are you listening to
可能是流行音乐 也不错
Well, probably pop music and that's fine
它使我放松
It relaxes me.
好的
Oting.
国家公共广播电台问过
National Public Radio asked
完全相同的问题
exactly this question
在一次一年前的民意调查中
in a survey a year or so ago and
我听了后 接着说 好吧
So I listened to it and I said, "All right
就是这里 你听听这个然后告诉我
Here, you listen to this and tell me
你听到了什么
what you're hearing."
他在录什么
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
斯坦福大学公开课
《7个颠覆你思想的演讲》全7集翻译至第7集（网易翻译1-7集）在线观看《经济学》全10集翻译至第5集（网易翻译1-5集）在线观看
《商业领袖和企业家》全4集翻译至第4集（网易翻译1-4集）在线观看《编程方法学》全28集在线观看
哈佛大学公开课
《幸福课》全23集翻译至第7集（网易翻译1-7集）在线观看
《公正》全12集翻译至第12集在线观看
《计算机科学导论》全22集在线观看
《2006年计算机课程》全19集（缺第3、13集）在线观看
《2005年计算机课程》全32集（缺第3、5、7集）在线观看
普林斯顿大学公开课
《国际座谈会》全18集翻译至第12集（网易翻译1-12集）在线观看
《领导能力简介》全5集翻译至第5集（网易翻译1-5集）在线观看
《人性》全12集翻译至第3集（网易翻译1-3集）在线观看
《能源和环境》全11集在线观看
麻省理工学院公开课
《电影哲学》全4集翻译至第4集（网易翻译1-4集）在线观看
《西方世界的爱情哲学》全4集翻译至第2集（网易翻译1-2集）在线观看《音乐的各种声音》全1集翻译至第1集在线观看
《振动与波》全23集在线观看
《单变量微积分》全35集（缺第8、17、26、34集）在线观看
耶鲁大学公开课
《聆听音乐》全23集翻译至第10集（网易翻译5-10集）（1-4集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《死亡》全26集翻译至第18集（网易翻译8-21集）（1-7集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《心理学导论》全20集翻译至第18集（网易翻译9-18集）（1-8集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《政治哲学导论》全24集翻译至第16集（网易翻译1-16集）在线观看
《金融市场》全26集翻译至第20集（网易翻译14-20集）（1-13集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《现代诗歌》全25集翻译至第4集（网易翻译1-4集）在线观看
《1945年后的美国小说》全25集翻译至第3集（网易翻译1-2集）（第3集字幕由洪晓慧、刘契良、陈盈、谢旻均提供）在线观看
《弥尔顿》全24集翻译至第3集（网易翻译1-3集）在线观看
《文学理论导论》全26集翻译至第2集（网易翻译1-2集）在线观看
《旧约全书导论》全24集翻译至第3集（网易翻译1-3集）在线观看
《新约及其历史背景》全26集翻译至第1集（网易翻译1集）在线观看
《古希腊历史简介》全24集翻译至第8集（1-8集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《博弈论》全24集翻译至第9集（1-9集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《欧洲文明》全24集翻译至第23集（1-23集字幕由TLF字幕组提供）在线观看
《1871年后的法国》全24集翻译至第3集（1-3集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《基础物理》全24集翻译至第5集（1-5集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看《罗马建筑》全23集翻译至第4集（1-4集字幕由TLF字幕组提供）在线观看
《天体物理学之探索和争议》全24集翻译至第10集（1-10集字幕由TLF字幕组提供）在线观看
《生物医学工程探索》全25集翻译至第12集（1-12集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《新生有机化学》全37集翻译至第10集（1-10集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《进化、生态和行为原理》全36集翻译至第4集（1-4集字幕由TLF字幕组提供）在线观看
《美国内战与重建，1845-1877》全27集翻译至第5集（1-5集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《全球人口增长问题》全24集翻译至第7集（1-7集字幕由TLF字幕组提供）在线观看
《有关食物的心理学、生物学和政治学》全23集翻译至第7集（1-7集字幕由人人字幕组提供）在线观看
《解读但丁》全24集在线观看
牛津大学公开课
《尼采的心灵与自然》全7集在线观看
《哲学概论》全17集在线观看
加州伯克利大学公开课
《综合生物学》全39集在线观看
《社会认知心理学》全25集全25集翻译至第1集（网易翻译1集）在线观看
《数据统计分析》全42集在线观看
《世界各地区人民和国家》全19集（缺第17、18、20）在线观看
《大灾难时期的伦理和公共健康》全14集在线观看。