2017年同济博士英语综合水平考试复习参考
华中科技大学同济医学院博一英语考试参考样体
I：根据JCR分类的期刊的影响因子、全称相关的问题，练习使用JCR和作者查询；5%--5道题II：根据Web of Science搜索作者+单位+领域得到的文章及被引次数的问题；5%--5道题III：一篇Title+Abstract的划分几部分，每部分分别到哪里相关的问题；P20810%--5道题Reversion of advanced Ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates with ZMapp. AbstractWithout an approved vaccine or treatments,Ebola outbreak management has been limited to palliative care and barrier methods to prevent transmission.These approaches,however,have yet to end the2014outbreak of Ebola after its prolonged presence in West Africa.／Here we show that a combination of monoclonal antibodies(ZMapp),optimized from two previous antibody cocktails,is able to rescue 100%of rhesus macaques when treatment is initiated up to5days post-challenge.／High fever,viraemia and abnormalities in blood count and blood chemistry were evident in many animals before ZMapp intervention.Advanced disease,as indicated by elevated liver enzymes,mucosal haemorrhages and generalized petechia could be reversed,leading to full recovery.ELISA and neutralizing antibody assays indicate that ZMapp is cross-reactive with the Guinean variant of Ebola.／ZMapp exceeds the efficacy of any other therapeutics described so far,and results warrant further development of this cocktail for clinical use.Questions：11.Among the eight types of titles,which type does this title belong to?A:noun phrase and prepositional phrase.12.How many parts can you divide the abstract into Name each part?A:Four parts.1.Background,2.objective,3.Methods and Reults,4.Conclusion.13.What is the objective of the study?A:Here we show that…up to5days post-challenge.14.What are the results?A:Advanced disease…with the Guinean variant of Ebola.15.In the sentence,”Advanced disease,as indicated by elevated liver enzymes,mucosal haemorrhages and generalized petechia could be reversed,leading to full recovery.”Please translate the term“generalized petechia”into Chinese?A:全身瘀斑IV：最后一次课，无PPT一篇Introduction+Reference Title：P21720%--10道题IntroductionEbola virus(EBOV)infections cause severe illness in humans,and after an incubation period of3to21days,patients initially present with general flu-like symptoms beforea rapid progression to advanced disease characterized by hemorrhage,multi-organ failure and a shock-like syndrome1.In the spring of2014,a new EBOV variant emerged in the West African country of Guinea2,an area in which EBOV has not been previously reported.Despite a sustained international response from local and international authorities including the Ministry of Health(MOH),World Health Organization(WHO)and Médecins Sans Frontières(MSF)since March2014,the outbreak has yet to be brought to an end after five months.As of15th August2014, there are2127total cases and1145deaths spanning Guinea,Sierra Leone,Liberia and Nigeria3.So far,this outbreak has set the record for the largest number of cases and fatalities,in addition to geographical spread4.Controlling an EBOV outbreak of this magnitude has proven to be a challenge and the outbreak is predicted to last for at least several more months5.In the absence of licensed vaccines and therapeutics against EBOV,there is little that can be done for infected patients outside of supportive care,which includes fluid replenishment,administration of antivirals,and management of secondary symptoms6,7.With overburdened personnel,and strained local and international resources,experimental treatment options cannot be considered for compassionate use in an orderly fashion at the moment.However,moving promising strategies forward through the regulatory process of clinical development has never been more urgent.Over the past decade,several experimental strategies have shown promise in treating EBOV-challenged nonhuman primates(NHPs)after infection.These include recombinant human activated protein C(rhAPC)8,recombinant nematode anticoagulant protein c2(rNAPc2)9,small interfering RNA(siRNA)10,positively-charged phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers(PMO plus)11,the vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine(VSVΔG-EBOVGP)12,as well as the monoclonal antibody(mAb)cocktails MB-003(consisting of human or human-mouse chimeric mAbs c13C6,h13F6and c6D8)13and ZMAb(consisting of murine mAbs m1H3,m2G4and m4G7)14.Of these,only the antibody-based candidates have demonstrated substantial benefits in NHPs when administered greater than24hours past EBOV exposure.Follow-up studies have shown that MB-003is partially efficacious when administered therapeutically after the detection of two disease“triggers”15,and ZMAb combined with an adenovirus-based adjuvant provides full protection in rhesus macaques when given up to72hours after infection16.The current objective is to develop a therapeutic superior to both MB-003and ZMAb, which could be utilized for outbreak patients,primary health-care providers,as well as high-containment laboratory workers in the future.This study aims to first identify an optimized antibody combination derived from MB-003and ZMAb components, before determining the therapeutic limit of this mAb cocktail in a subsequent experiment.In order to extend the antibody half-life in humans and to facilitate clinical acceptance,the individual murine antibodies in ZMAb were first chimerized with human constant regions(cZMAb).The cZMAb components were then producedin Nicotiana benthamiana17,using the large-scale,cGMP-compatible Rapid Antibody Manufacturing Platform(RAMP)and magnICON vectors that currently also manufactures the individual components of cocktail MB-003,before efficacy testing in animals.References1.Bausch DG,Sprecher AG,Jeffs B,Boumandouki P.Treatment of Marburg and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers:a strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines under outbreak conditions.Antiviral Res.2008;78:150–161.doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2008.01.152.[PubMed][Cross Ref]2.Baize S,et al.Emergence of Zaire Ebola Virus Disease in Guinea-Preliminary Report.N Engl J Med.2014doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1404505.[PubMed][Cross Ref]3.WHO.int.WHO-Ebola virus disease(EVD)2014<http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/ebola/en/>..Chronology of Ebola Hemorrhagic FeverOutbreaks.2014</vhf/ebola/resources/outbreak-table.html>.5.Reliefweb.int.W.African Ebola epidemic‘likely to last months’:UN.2014<http://reliefweb.int/report/guinea/w-african-ebola-epidemic-likely-last-mo nths-un>.6.Clark DV,Jahrling PB,Lawler JV.Clinical management of filovirus-infected patients.Viruses.2012;4:1668–1686.doi:10.3390/v4091668.[PMC freearticle][PubMed][Cross Ref]7.Guimard Y,et anization of patient care during the Ebola hemorrhagic fever epidemic in Kikwit,Democratic Republic of the Congo,1995.J InfectDis.1999;179(Suppl1):S268–273.doi:10.1086/514315.[PubMed][Cross Ref]8.Hensley LE,et al.Recombinant human activated protein C for the postexposure treatment of Ebola hemorrhagic fever.J Infect Dis.2007;196(Suppl2):S390–399.doi: 10.1086/520598.[PubMed][Cross Ref]9.Geisbert TW,et al.Treatment of Ebola virus infection with a recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor:a study in rhesus ncet.2003;362:1953–1958. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15012-X.[PubMed][Cross Ref]10.Geisbert TW,et al.Postexposure protection of non-human primates against a lethal Ebola virus challenge with RNA interference:a proof-of-conceptncet.2010;375:1896–1905.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60357-1.[PubMed][Cross Ref]Questions:16.What is the difference between abstract and introduction?A:There are no references in the abstract and no results in introduction.17.How many parts can you divide the introduction into?Name each part?A:Four Parts.Background,Conclusion,Objective,Method18.What problem is posed on this article?A:The current objective is to develop a therapeutic superior to both MB-003and ZMAb,which could be utilized for outbreak patients,primary health-care providers, as well as high-containment laboratory workers in the future.19.In the first paragragh,what does“supportive care”refer to?A:It includes fluid replenishment,administration of antivirals,and management of secondary symptoms20.What style of referencing system does it belong to?A:Citation order system.21.How many authors are listed in item1?A:Four.22.Where is the article published in Item2?A:New England Journal of Medicine.23.What kind of the reference source does item3belong to?24.What type does the title belong to in item10?A:Title and subtitle25.Please translate the Chinese title“肝素疗法的前瞻性随机研究：into English by using the same method as Item10.A:Heparin therapy:Prospective randomized studyVI：Journal Instruction for authors：10%--11道题General InformationJAMA Internal Medicine is an international peer-reviewed journal providing innovative and clinically relevant research for practitioners in general internal medicine and internal medicine subspecialities. The Editor of JAMA Internal Medicine is Rita F.Redberg,MD,MSc,University of California San Francisco School of Medicine,San Francisco,California.The journal is published online every Monday and in print each month.Authorship Criteria and Conditions and Authorship FormEach author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content.One or more of the authors should take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole,from inception to published article.1,2According to the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors(ICMJE),as revised in2013,2authorship credit should be based on the following4criteria:(1)substantial contributions to conception or design of the work,or the acquisition,analysis,or interpretation of data for the work;and(2)drafting of the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content;and(3)final approval of the version to be published;and(4)agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. Each author should be accountable for the parts of the work he or she has done.In addition,each author should be able to identify which coauthors are responsible for specific other parts of the work and should have confidence in the integrity of the contributions of any coauthors.Changes in AuthorshipAuthors should determine the order of authorship among themselves and should settle any disagreements among themselves before submitting their manuscripts.Changes in authorship(ie,order,addition,and deletion of authors)should be discussed and approved by all authors.Any requests for such changes in authorship after initial manuscript submission and before publication should be explained in writing to the editor in a letter or email from all authors.1(pp134-135)Manuscript SubmissionManuscripts should be submitted online via the online manuscript submission and review system.At the time of submission,complete contact information(affiliation,postal/mail address,e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers)for the corresponding author is required.First and last names,e-mail addresses,and institutional affiliations of all coauthors are also required.Manuscripts submitted through the online system should not also be submitted by mail or e-mail.After the manuscript is submitted,the corresponding author will receive an acknowledgment confirming receipt and a manuscript number.Authors will be able to track the status of their manuscripts via the online system. After manuscript submission,all authors of Letters to the Editor and Invited Commentaries will be sent an Authorship Form to complete and submit(see sample Authorship Form).All authors of all other manuscripts will receive an Authorship Form at the time of request for/receipt of a revision to their manuscript.See Manuscript Checklist,Manuscript Preparation and Submission Requirements,1,2and other details in these instructions for additional requirements.Manuscript StyleManuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the AMA Manual of Style,10th edition,1and/or the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct,Reporting,Editing,and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.TitleTitles should be concise,specific,and informative and should contain the key points of the work.1(p8) Please limit the length of titles to150characters for reports of research and other major articles and 100characters for Editorials,Viewpoints,Commentaries,and Letters.For scientific manuscripts, overly general titles are not desirable and questions and declarative sentences should be avoided.For reports of clinical trials,meta-analyses,and systematic reviews,include the type of study as a subtitle (eg,A Randomized Clinical Trial,A Meta-analysis,A Systematic Review).For reports of other types of research,do not include study type or design in the title or subtitleReferencesAuthors are responsible for the accuracy and completeness of the references and for their correct text citation.Cite all references in the text or tables.Number references in the order they appear in the text;do not alphabetize.In text,tables,and legends,identify references with superscript arabic numerals.When listing references,follow AMA style1(pp39-79)and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed.List all authors and/or editors up to6;if more than6,list the first3followed by“et al.”Note:Journal references should include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number.Examples of reference style:1.Garbutt JM,Banister C,Spitznagel E,Piccirillo JF.Amoxicillin for acute rhinosinusitis:a randomized controlled trial.JAMA.2012;307(7):685-692.2.Centers for Medicare&Medicaid Services.CMS proposals to implement certain disclosure provisions of the Affordable Care Act./apps/media/press/factsheet.asp?Counter=4221.Accessed January30,2012.3.McPhee SJ,Winker MA,Rabow MW,Pantilat SZ,Markowitz AJ,eds.Care at the Close of Life: Evidence and Experience.New York,NY:McGraw Hill Medical;2011.Questions:25.What kinds of articles does JAMA provide?A:They provide innovative and clinically relevant research for practitioners in general internal medicine and internal medicine subspecialities.26.How many criteria are the authorship credit based on?A:There are4criteria.27.What is required if there are changes in authorship?A:Any requests for such changes in authorship after initial manuscript submission and before publication should be explained in writing to the editor in a letter or email from all authors28.Can authors submit their articles via mail or e-mail?A:No29.How do authors know the status of their manuscript?A:Authors will be able to track the status of their manuscripts via the online system30.What is the requirement for the title of reports of research and other major articles?A:Please limit the length of titles to150characters for reports of research and other major articles 31.Structured abstract can be further divided into two kinds.What are they?A:The first kind is divided into five parts:Background,Objective,Methods,Results and Conclusion and the other one is divided into four parts:Objective,Methods,Results and Conclusion.32.In test,tables,and legends,how are the references identified?A:In text,tables,and legends,identify references with superscript arabic numerals.33.If the authors are more than six,how to list the authors’name?A:if more than6,list the first3followed by“et al.”34.In reference Item3,what is“Care at the Close of Life:Evidence and Experience”?A:The name of the cited book.35.In reference Item3,NY:McGraw Hill Medical is publisher.。
同济大学博士生英语结课考试口语对话题库
A: This picture illustrates a child and an old man enjoy their lives. But a young man has to bear with many burden, such as hard work, little exercise and intaking too much energy. I think it means that the young men have to do too much work for home. What do you think of the reasons for it?B: I think the most important cause of it is aging(老龄化). In another words, a young man need to maintain too many old men. You know, in nowadays, a young man’s parents and grandparents are all lived commonly. That means he has six old man to feed. A: I think more combative situation for children is another reason. Many parents have to send their children to education institutes which will take them much money. Do you have any solutions for it?B: In social part, the most important solution is increasing the economy. Only the development of economy can rise the level of lives. Providing security for old men is another effective measure. It can decrease young men’s pressure.A: That is government’s work. What can ourselves do?B: The only thing we can do is working hard. There is no shortcut to good life. I have an uncle was poor before. He also has many old men to feed. But he worked very hard and his income increased every year. Now he has a comfortable life.A: Yes, ourselves’ effort is key to solve the problem.1、一个男人在深夜还在工作，他看上去非常累2、是呀，他几乎要睡着了，但似乎手头上的工作还没有做完3、这种现象不仅发生在工作党，在我们学生党中更是常见，你说呢？4、是呀，自从来到了同济，我经常熬夜加班，忙学习忙科研，睡眠时间根本不够。
同济大学博士生英语期末考试30篇阅读理解
They say America is parched by a climate of hatred and they do not know what they are talking about, but they are right anyway. The real hatred in America is the hatred between the desk-diner, who distinctly ordered the cheeseburger with ketchup, not mustard, and the mumbling delivery boy who doesn't give a damn. Or between the man who needs change for a phone call and the merchant who not only refuses but refuses with a deliberation that suggests he has waited years for precisely this opportunity. Ponder the relationship between the man waiting outside a pay phone booth and the man snuggled up inside. The dialogue is silent but savage. If you like gratitude in unexpected spurts, try opening the door of the phone booth when it is yours, smiling at the person waiting and saying "I'll just be another minute." or "This call may take a while. Sorry to make you wait." The impact is as galvanic as if the Vietcong were to wake a sleeping GI patrol and say, "Fellow, we've just got our radio working. Would you like to come over and listen to the superbowl?" Americans used to ask themselves, "How nice can I be without seeming ridiculous?" Now we ask, "How rude can I be and still get away with it?" People don't accept apologies anymore. They simply enjoy the sweet string of hostility. If you want to spread some happiness, try hailing the next off-duty cab driver, whether you want him or not. That Cossack brush-off he waves you does not betoken apology or regret. It is pure thrill. People crave triumph, and if they cannot get it through personal victory, they'll get it through personal viciousness. Most people have never known any triumph higher than looking out the window of an express train as it zips past a local. Now, this actually happened. A furious woman with a nasal whine shrill enough to break glassware banged on the door of the apartment above hers and began one of those yelping threat-laden routines about shower curtains and seeping water and falling plaster and lawsuits and witnesses and full damage and everything. The sleeping man who answered waited until the crescendo peaked, then smiled and said, "How much?" The woman twitched. Her face retained color -- iridescent in fact -- and her hands kept flailing, but her audios was completely cut off. The man went to his coat, pull out his checkbook, returned to the door, and repeated, "How much?" The woman went back to her own apartment in defeat. She'd been robbed of her fun. Here she had her whole case unassailably built, and the fight was over before she
同济大学机械专业考博复习心得及经验和复习范围
同济大学机械专业考博复习心得及经验和复习范围第一篇：同济大学机械专业考博复习心得及经验和复习范围这次考试，考的不是太好，主要还是英语复习不够。
专业课的复习主要还是抓住课本。
如数值分析基础这门课，最好不要只看一本书，因为指定的参考书上的习题都是没有答案的，最好找本有答案的参考书，如同济出的《数值计算基础》。
考察的内容基本上每章都有，但不会是那种比较偏的内容。
博士帝国给提供的08年考题很有参考价值，09年的考题和08年的基本是一样的。
题目对应章节完全一样，只是每一题都稍作变化。
比如说线性方程求解，去年考乔列斯基，今年就变成LU分解。
题目几乎一样。
我专业课的复习用的时间并不是很久，但感觉复习还是比较到位。
主要就是课本和往年试题，这个非常重要。
液压系统这门专业课，看了最多不超过20个小时的时间，其实整本书，要真的看，实在太麻烦了，根本不可能记住。
考试也不会考复杂的计算，其实和大学考液压系统是一样的。
就是给个液压系统图，让分析下运转过程。
还有就是一些简单的压力计算，这个都是学机械类专业学生的基础。
所以复习还是从最基础抓起，如果以前没学过液压的，那考这门比较吃亏，如果学过的，再回过头去看看液压的基本知识，当然书里的内容还是多少会考一点的，比如说今年考的平衡阀。
这些都是单独列出来的知识，所有可以多注意一点。
数值分析基础复习范围：博士帝国提供的参考资料中有复习范围，那个基本上是准确的。
我看了下，基本上是每章最后一节不会考到。
还有过于复杂的公式，考试中会提供。
但基本的还是要自己记住。
液压系统分析计算：最后两章内容是不考的，还有所有章节中设计计算的内容不考，但会考到要设计的器件的特性，这个要特别注意。
第二篇：考博英语怎么复习考博英语具体怎么复习啊考博英语的复习，首先，选择一个合适的辅导班比什么都来得重要。
然后，建议一定要舍得花时间打基础。
前几个月不要做题，重点就放在词汇与阅读上。
其次，建议学习一定要保证可持续。
英语关键是阅读理解。
同济大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析
同济大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Technically,any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts.They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs.This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances(drugs)is pervasive:an aspirin to quiet a headache,some wine to be sociable,coffee to get going in the morning,a cigarette for the nerves.When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses?First of all,most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions.Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance,with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect,and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.Drugs(substances)that affect the central nervous system and alter perception,mood,and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants,depressants,or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down.Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception,distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations.These are the substances often called psychedelic(from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one‘s state of consciousness.59.Substances abuse(line5,paragraph1)is preferable to drug abuse in that________.(A)substances can alter our bodily or mental functioning if illegally used(B)drug abuse is only related to a limited number of drugtakers(C)alcohol and tobacco are as fatal as heroin and cocaine(D)many substances other than heroin or cocaine can also be poisonous60.The word pervasive(line1,paragraph2)might mean________.(A)widespread(B)overwhelming(C)piercing(D) fashionable61.Physical dependence on certain substances results from________.(A)uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time(B)exclusive use of them for social purposes(C)quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases(D)careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms62.From the last paragraph we can infer that________.(A)stimulants function positively on the mind(B)hallucinogens are in themselves harmful to health(C)depressants are the worst type of psychoactive substances(D)the three types of psychoactive substances are commonly used in groups答案及试题解析59.（D）意为：除海洛因或可卡因外，许多其他物质也是有害的。
同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲(全)
同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲总则同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试（GET-P）是依照《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》规定、为完成教学目标而实施的一项标准化考试。
它是博士研究生公共英语课程设置的重要组成部分。
为贯彻执行教学大纲的要求、指导规范该项考试，特制订《同济大学博士研究生英语综合水平考试大纲》。
一、考试目的本考试目的是衡量同济大学博士研究生英语技能知识、检查教学效果和成果、促进提高英语学习水平，并为评价学生学业能力提供参考依据。
二、考试性质与范围本考试属于标准参照性达标考试，兼顾教学检查考核。
考试范围包括《同济大学博士研究生公共英语课程教学大纲》所规定的听、说、读、写四个方面的能力及知识。
三、考试时间、对象与命题本考试每学期举行一次，在学期期末、学生完成两门英语课程学习之后进行。
考试对象为除英语之外的各专业博士研究生。
本考试由外国语学院公共英语教学部负责命题、审题和阅卷，由研究生院培养处和公共英语教学部共同负责实施。
四、考试形式本考试分书面纸质考试和口试两部分；考试秉持测试的客观性和可行性，采用有效试题形式，并保证考试的效度和信度。
五、考试内容书面考试题项包含三部分：听力理解、阅读理解和短文写作。
考试规定时间120分钟。
听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1、测试要求：（a）能听懂日常交际场合中的各种英语会话和交谈。
（b）能听懂英语时事新闻的报道、报告。
（c）能听懂有关历史、文化、教育、科学等方面的英语故事和介绍。
（d）考试时间约20分钟。
2、测试形式：(a)本部分采用多项选择题形式，分两节：Section A与Section B，共20题。
(b) Section A (Listening Conversations) 由10个对话组成，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。
(c) Section B (Listening Passages) 由3篇短文组成，每篇长度约250单词，共10题，题后有10秒间隙。
同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试样题
同济大学博士研究生入学英语考试样题I V ocabulary （10%）For each of the following sentences there are four choices. Choose the best one to complete the sentence.1. The directions were so ____ that it was impossible to complete the assignment.A) ingenious B) ambitious C) notorious D) ambiguous2. Our ________ host always enjoys having friends to share his Lucullan suppers.A) cursive B)martial C) fractious D) convivial3. Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children ____a violent act previously seen on television.A) modifying B) stimulating C) accelerating D) duplicating4. This kind of material can _____heat and moisture.A) delete B) compel C) repel D) constrain5. The damage to his car was ____; therefore, he could repair it himself.A) considerable B) appreciable C) negligible D) invisible6. The ____of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A) implementation B) expedition C) demonstration D) manifestation7. One of the responsibilities of the Coast guard is to make sure that all ships _______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.A) cautiously B) dutifully C) faithfully D) skillfully8. The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _______ the welfare of his animals.A) critical about B) indignant at C) indifferent to D) subject to9. The chairman of the board _______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.A) compelled B) posed C) pressed D) tempted10. Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _______ and lack of unity in style.A) conflict B) confrontation C) disturbance D) disharmony11. Corrupt politicians who condone the activities of the gamblers are equally _______.A) cryptic B)esoteric C)culpable D)occult12. I don’t know the details for I just gave your manuscript only a(n) _______ gl ance.A) cursory B)cumbrous C)onerous D)obscure13.the Red Cross society helped _________ families to survive the war in the Persian Gulf.A) demure B)destitute C)assiduous D)sedate14. the man felt ________ when the girl turned down his proposal of marriage.A) despondent B) fabulous C)dilapidated D)fortuitous15. the boy gave a ______ look at his classmate’s test paper when the teacher turned.A) frivolous B)furtive C)frenetic D)frigid16. Rubber boots are ___________ to water.A) imperious B)impetuous C)impervious D)impeccable17. Missiles were mounted at various points to _______ the enemy aircrafts.A) integrate B)jeopardize C)intercept D)interrogate18. Being careless, she had her arm _____ by the barbed wire.A) lacerated B)lamented C)juggled D)bemoaned19. The wrestler’s _______ maneuvers made it difficult for his opponent to obtain a hold.A) hermetic B)protean C)titanic D)procrustean20. Psychoanalysis can help a patient recall long-forgotten experiences lost in the ______ recess of his mind.A) labyrinthine B)chimerical C)iridescent D)mercurialII Reading Comprehension (50%)Passage 1There is widespread belief that the emergence of giant industries has been accomplished by an equivalent surge in industrial research. A recent study of important inventions made since the turn of the century reveals that more than half were the product of individual invent-ors working alone, independent of organized industrial research. While industrial laboratories contributed such important products as nylon and transistors, independent inventors developed air conditioning, the automatic transmission, the jet engine, the helicopterminsulin, and streptomycin. Still other inventions, such as stainless steel, television, silicons, and plexiglass were developed through the combined efforts of individuals and laboratory teams.Despite these findings, we are urged to support monopoly power on the grounds that such power creates an environment supportive of innovation. We are told that the independent inventor, along with the small firm, cannot afford to undertake the important research needed to improve our standard of living while protecting our diminishing resources; that only the prodigious assets of the giant corporation or conglomerate can afford the kind of expenditures that can produce the technological advances vital to economic progress. But when we examine expenditures for research, we find that of the more than $ 35 billion spent each year in this country, almost two-thirds is spent by the federal government. More than half of this government expenditure is funneled into military research and product development, accounting for the enormous increase in spending in such industries as nuclear energy, aircraft, missiles, and electronics. There are those who consider it questionable that these defense-linked research projects will account for an improvement in the standard of living or, alternately, do much to protect our diminishing resources. Recent history has demonstrated that we may have to alter our longstanding conception of the process actuated by competition. The price variable, once perceived as the dominant aspect of the competitive process is now subordinate to the competition of the new product, the new business structure, and the new technology. While it can be assumed that in a highly competitive industry not dominated by a single corporation, investment in innovation--a risky and expensive budget item--might meet resistance from management and stockholders who might be more concerned with cost-cutting, efficient organization, and large advertising budgets, it would be an egregious error to assume that the monopolistic producer should be equated with bountiful expenditures for research. Large-scale enterprises tend to operate more comfortably in stable and secure circumstances, and their managerial bureaucracies tend to promote the status quo and resist the threat implicit in change. Furthermore, the firm with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue new techniques and different products, since with little vested interest in capital equipment or plant it is not deterred from in-vestment in innovation. In some cases, where inter-industrycompetition is reduced or even entirely eliminated, the industrial giants may seek to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence by deliberately obstructing technological progress.The conglomerates are not, however, completely exempt from strong competitive pressures; there are instances in which they, too, must compete, as against another industrial Goliath, and then their weapons may include large expenditures for innovation.16. According to the passage, important inventions of the twentieth century ________.A. are not necessarily produced as a result of governmental support for military weapons research and development.B. came primarily from the huge laboratories of monopoly industries.C. were produced at least as frequently by independent inventors as by research teams.D. have greater impact on smaller firms than on conglomerates.17. It is the author"s belief, as expressed or implied in the passage, that________.A. monopoly power creates an environment supportive of innovation.B. governmental protection for military research will do much to protect our dwindling resources.C. industrial giants, with their managerial bureaucracies, respond more quickly to technological change.D. firms with a small share of the market will aggressively pursue innovations because they are not locked into old capital equipment.18. Management and stockholders might be deeply concerned with cost cutting rather than innovation if _______.A. their company is faced with strong competition in a field not dominated by one of the industrial giants.B. they are very stable and secure and hold a monopoly position in their industry.C. they are part of the military-industrial complex and are the recipients of federal funds for product development.D. they have produced some of the important inventions of this century.19. Which of the following statements is neither expressed nor implied in the passage?A. Important inventions have been produced, in the past, by individuals as well as by corporate teams.B. The federal government"s research funds are funneled into pure research as well as military research.C. The development of the automatic transmission is not credited to organized industrial research.D. Industrial giants may deliberately suppress innovations to avoid capital loss resulting from obsolescence.20. The author"s purpose in this passage is to____.A. advocate an increase in governmental support of organized industrial research.B. point out a common misconception about the relationship between the extent of industrial research and the growth of monopolistic power in industry.C. describe the inadequacies of small firms in dealing with the important matter of research and innovation.D. show that America"s strength depends upon individual ingenuity and resourcefulness.III Translation from English into Chinese (20%)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy---ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward reward the heavens（这句话似乎不完整）. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberated in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a haled burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and I would gladly live it again if the chance were offered to me.有三种简单却强烈的情感支配着我的生活，它们分别是：对爱的渴望，对知识的探求，以及对人类的苦难不可抑制的怜悯。
博士英语考试要点总结完美版整合
博士英语考试要点总结(完美版) 整合博士英语复习资料分数组成：卷面80分+出勤10分+口试10分卷面：一. 听力选择（放2遍）：1分*10=10分二. 给出后缀，要求写出它的意思，并以此后缀造词并写出中文意思：分*10=5分三、单复数的变化四. 选择正确的解释并将所选选项翻译成中文（神经系统、消化系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统、药理）：本题出自各章课后习题Multiple choice部分：1分*10=10分五. 2段英翻中（医学科普）：5分*2=10分2段中翻英（一般为中医）：内容包括证、病机、症状、治则的翻译,书中以肺为例，考试中可以变为脾等脏。
详见《博士生医学英语教材》中的IX、X、XI：10分*2=20分六. 给一段中文科普文章，翻译成80字左右的英文摘要七. 作文：Economic Growth and Environment(80字) A4纸手写、不能从网上下，夹在卷子里：10分一．复数形式（教科书P42~43）Ampulla—Ampullae 尾突（另有一意思为壶腹）Corona—Coronae 冠状Vertebra—Vertebrae 脊椎Bronchus—Bronchi 支气管Capillus—Capili 毛发Fungus—Fungi 真菌Omphalos—Omphali 脐Genus—Genera 属Stercus—Stercora 粪Gonad—Gonades 性腺Testis—Testes 睾丸Diagnosis—Diagnoses 诊断Psychosis—Psychoses 精神病Epididymis—Epididymides 附睾Thorax—Thoraces 胸部Appendix—Appendices 阑尾Pollex—Pollices 拇指Meninx—Meninges 脑脊膜Caries—Caries龋齿Derma—Dermata 真皮，皮肤Sarcoma—Sarcomata 肉瘤Stoma—Stomata 口Flagellum—Flagella 鞭毛Labium—Labia 唇Protozoon—Protozoa 原生动物格（p17~p20）及课后练习题I的所有单词。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
同情
7. Bank of America, holding company for the San Francisco -- based Bank of America, was once unchallenged as the nation's biggest banking organization. 美国银行，持有位于旧金山的美国银行，全国最大的银行机构的地位受到挑战。 has been making efforts to conquer the markets of Bank of America 一直在努力征服美洲银行市场 Its deposit rate was higher than that of other banks. 其存款利率高于其他银行 its large amount of branches 大量的分支机构 higher deposit rate 更高的存款利率 The profit of the Bank of America has been reducing since the 1980s. 自 80 年代以来，在美国银行的利润减少了
9. Moviegoers may think history is repeating itself this weekend. 观众可能会认为本周末历史重演 The movie Titanic and the on-show movie Pearl Harbor. 电影泰坦尼克号，及正上映的电影-珍珠港 To cost a lot. 代价很大 Titanic is the most successful film in history 泰坦尼克号是历史上最成功的电影 both are documentary movies of historical events 都是历史事件的纪录片电影 The Battle of Waterloo. 滑铁卢之战
8. Volcanic fire and glacial ice are natural enemies. 火山火灾和冰川是天然的敌人 The steam caves of Mount Rainier's. 雷尼尔山的蒸汽洞穴 destruction 销毁 a glacier 冰川 Fumaroles 喷气孔 eliminate 消除
网络学习是水平考试的重要支撑，请同学们抓紧时间上网学习， /， 点击左上角“新闻公告”中第 4 项"硕博英语旧站听力和阅读练习题” 入口, :8088/index.asp 即可开始学习，无需注册。
6. Western nations initially ignored Russia's ruthless military campaign in Chechnya to gain Moscow's support for the war on terrorism. 西方国家最初忽视了俄罗斯在车臣的残暴的军事行动，以获得莫斯科对反恐战争 的支持 they wanted to gain Russia's support for the war on terrorism 他们希望得到俄罗斯的反恐战争的支持 inventing 发明 In the western nation's opinion, the war in Chechnya is similar to that in Afghanistan. 西方国家认为，在车臣的战争类似于在阿富汗的 Western nations will blame Russia for its ruthlessness in Chechnya 西方国家指责俄罗斯在车臣的无情 sympathetic
对于心理历史学家对其工作的声明的准确性，她有所保留
11. To these indirect presumtions that our sensations, following the mutations of our capacity for feeling, are always undergoing an essential change, must be added another presumption, based on what must happen in the brain. 这些间接假设，我们的感觉，下面我们对感觉能力的突变，往往发生本质的变化， 必须要加上一条推定，什么必须发生在大脑的。 the brain changes 大脑变化 not a young man 不是一个年轻人 Our mental processes are characterized by change 我们的心理过程的特点是变化 our reality changes as we change 我们的现实随着我们改变而改变 without interesting qualities 不感兴趣的素质
4. The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment.在美国心理卫生运动开始一段相当的启示。 provide an historical perspective on problems of mental health care 对于精神健康关怀的问题，提供历史的视角 understanding and sympathetic 了解和同情 conditions in mental hospitals might have escaped judicial scrutiny 精神病医院的情况可能逃避司法审查 cautiously optimistic 谨慎的乐观 active young lawyers in the 1960s
红色字是文章第一句话， 及答案的英文中文对照版
阅读
1. Drunken-driving sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder -- has become a national epidemic. 酒后驾车有时被称为美国社会所接受的谋杀形式，这已成为一个国家的流行 答案： drinking is a socially accepted habit in America 饮用水是在美国社会所接受的习惯 The news media have highlighted ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱhe problem 新闻媒体突出问题 the legal drinking age should be raised 法定饮酒年龄应提高 resulted in fewer serious accidents 造成重大事故的减少 Legislation alone is not sufficient 仅仅立法是不够的
1 月 15 日周一 13:30--15:30 笔试， 15:45--17:45 口试， 请各位同学尽快自行在教务系统中查找自己的考试地点，千万别错过 考试时间
听力 25 分，（听力材料有答案及文字版，缺 5 6 7 8 单元的文字版） 阅读 25 分，（30 篇之几，已整理文章首句，及答案的中英文对照版） 写作 25 分，（考 Unit3The two cultures 两种文化、Unit4On self-respect 自尊，估计是读后感或这两篇文章的心得体会，待确定） 口语 25 分（两人一组，看图说话）
20 世纪 60 年代的活跃年轻律师
5. What will it mean to know the complete human genome.那意味着知道完整 的人类基因 they can be used to explain every phenomenon in their own fields 它们可以用来解释在各自领域的一切现象 the human genome 人类基因组 they want to have a clever child 他们希望有一个聪明的孩子 short people may also be looked down upon in future 在未来，矮小的的人也可能被瞧不起 objective 客观的
对于人类而言，是时候更有效地主宰和处理高速发展的科技了 the human world is on the edge of an exceeding danger 人类世界在危险边缘 Pessimistic 悲观
3. The study of philosophies should make our own ideas flexible.对哲学的研究 会让我们自己的思想变得灵活 The importance of learning philosophies, especially the history of philosophy 学习哲学的重要性，特别是哲学史 the development of science really can solve a great many of the problems on which philosophers still argue 科学的发展确实可以解决很多的哲学家仍有争论的问题 The future 未来 All of the above 以上所有
2. Los Angeles-Bill Joy is not a Luddite. 洛杉矶比尔乔伊不是卢德主义者 答案： the name of a party which protest at developing science 反对发展的政党的名称 humans are facing a fatal situation that the machines are out of control gradually and the machines will overwhelm the whole world 人类正面临着一个致命的情况， 就是逐渐失控的机器将淹没整个世界 It is right time for humans to dominate the high developing technology effectively and handle it skillfully