2018崇明一模英语word含答案上海市崇明区2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题

崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In the street. B. At home. C. On the phone. D. At an office.2. A. A journalist. B. An electrician. C. A salesman. D. An operator.3. A. The flying time. B. The strange weather. C. The man’s jacket. D. The changeable fashion.4. A. She had a holiday. B. She travelled with her cousin.C. Her cousin visited her.D. Her cousin was away from Belgium.5. A. The stage is not big enough. B. They’re lucky to get two tickets.C. It’s not easy at all to get tickets.D. The woman doesn’t want to sit near the stage.6. A. Help the man to copy the novel. B. Return the novel to Alice immediately.C. Find a copy of the novel for the man.D. Ask Alice if the man can borrow the novel.7. A. She’s glad the man waited for her. B. She’d like to res chedule the meeting.C. She wasn’t very late for the meeting.D. She’s sorry that she missed the meeting.8. A. He has got more pages to write. B. The woman’s report is already long enough.C. He has already finished his report.D. The woman will have time to finish the report.9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work.10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places.15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. To get all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D. To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. The boys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D. Supper should be skipped before the party.19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. “After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,” said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Company Builds W orld’s First Automobile Vending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. “Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. The y even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the36 of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead (间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38experience –placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion (肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy ofDermatology’s annual conference will hear today.The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay –guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology (皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 – and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospect D. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care45. A. age B. trouble C. scenic D. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpful D. conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. false D. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. acted D. slept49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrow D. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potential D. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatment D. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skin D. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. sign D. chance54. A. product B. research C. approach D. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. daily D. strictSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated (动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette (剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing(票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students “soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the lat est study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent behavior disorders, the researchers’ fi ndings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what makes us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else fe els might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Best Language for MathWhat’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one”–spoken with the “ten”first.68English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4. 70Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!”On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。

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2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇(带答案已经校对)

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit(公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brent crude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark（基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American bench mark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-outcry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders--is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until 2017, for its trading floor in London.[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent (each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. Itwould stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB. partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC. rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4 most probably means __________.A. backwardnessB. disappointmentsC. engineersD. problems65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.A. it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting betterKeys:63-66: C D B ASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’ egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Bec ause of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘ava captains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was ‘barbie’.④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’ dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bushfire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look asthough the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s ‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’ relaxed attitude.63. The underlined word “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.A. criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityernmentalism64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meanings to existent words.C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos’ living condition s are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threaten Australian s’ life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.66. The passage mainly talks about __________.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what cont ributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards lifeKeys: 63-66 CCABSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some people, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay.To try to fin d out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.Their“volunteers”were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs o f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the onlyapproach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of ongoing research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.63. What doe s“hypothesis”refer to in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.B. Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay.C. Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.D. Some genes are more likely to lead to dental cavities.64. Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .A. whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB. which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC. what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD. why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65. Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A. Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.B. The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.D. Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.C. Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.D. Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.Keys: 60-62 DCBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.63.The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________.A. arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations.B. warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences.C. recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices.D. advocating the use of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for other imports.64.What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC ____________.A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.65.What is the function of the last paragraph?A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas for research.B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previous paragraph.D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.66.Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in the US.B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units. Keys:63-66 BDCDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)More than five million different kinds of organisms(生物体) live on the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenthcentury, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist named Carolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms that we use today.Linnaeus contributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He first developed a convention for naming life forms.Before Linnaeus came up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for a single species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts, one indicating the genus(plural: genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specific name of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species. Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. When the genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that the name refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog.Linnaeus was also the originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的) groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, called kingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each of these kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus is singular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to shared physical characteristics.Although modern taxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classification system as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s original groupin gs. The broadest level of life is now a domain. All living things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains there are kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed by class, order, family, genus, and species.In addition to the Linnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi as separate kingdoms. The prokaryotes are the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallest cellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in many environments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a variety of single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, those organisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi have cell walls,giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by other organisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.63. The writer gives the scientific name of the domestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to__________.A. demonstrate Linna eus’s method of classificationB. introduce the need for a better system of naming organismsC. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s naming systemD. illustrate the necessity of including two parts when naming organism64. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system for classifying is no longer in use.B. Linnaeus’s original system of classification consisted of 3 domains.C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification is used today with lit tle modifications.D. Modern taxonomists have added categories and regrouped organisms.65. Which of the following is TRUE about protists?A. They do not share the characteristics of any of the other four kingdoms.B. They are grouped together based on similar characteristics.C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The Father of Modern TaxonomyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Development in Life FormsD. Linnaeus’s Classification SystemKEYS: 63-66 DDABSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Nellie Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions was the 1994 "Toubon Law" in France, but the idea has been copied in man y countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultly in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrier to acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessary take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields lo defend.63. Neville Alexander believes that?A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64. The underlined word “futile” (i n paragraph 2) most probably means “”.A. workableB. practicalC. uselessD. unnecessary65. Why do many English-speaking countries not support the language protection effortsdescribed in the passage?A. They think language protection laws are ineffective.B. They want their language to spread to other countries.C. They have a long history of taking words from other languages.D. It reduces a language's ability to acquire international importance66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. English has taken over fields like public communication and educationB. Many sheets of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages.KEYS: 63-66 D C C BSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need in built intelligence within five years, making data scientists-people trained to analyze large bodies of information-key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection systems, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital-particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle-are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The factors weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of mounting a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $ 150m a year on a single application and the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.The biggest barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need. Despite the obstacles, some may master this difficult transition. But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.63. Which one is obstacle for many traditional companies to popularize learning operation?A. Technological problemB. Expert crisisC. High costD. Customer interactions64. What can not be interred from the passage about the machine learning?A.Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.。

上海市崇明县高三英语上学期第一次高考模拟考试(一模)试题

崇明县2015学年第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上）第Ⅰ卷 (共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Wednesday. B. Friday. C. Sunday. D. Tuesday.2. A. By subway. B. By taxi. C. In Richard’s car.D. On Jerry’s train.3. A. Boss and secretary. B. Guest and hotel staff.C. Tourist and tour guide.D. Customer and shop assistant.4. A. In a clinic. B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.D. In a ice-cream shop.5. A. She doesn’t like going outside. B. The man should study now.C. She doesn’t want to study now.D. The man should take some exercise.6. A. A journalist. B. An artist. C. A teacher. D. An economist.7. A. He may dislike travelling. B. He may like to travel in other seasons.C. He may be unable to afford the trip.D. He may prefer to travel to other places.8. A. The way of spending time wisely. B. The trouble of keeping clocks going.C. The number of clocks the man has.D. The reason for the man’s having many clocks.9. A. The Edwards are quite well-off.B. It’ll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.C. The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.D. It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident.B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.C. The man wasn’t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.D. The man’s daughter advised him to wear the seat belt before he left home.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.C. The way of forming a habit.D. The possibility of excising regularly.12. A. Walking needs much thinking.B. Walking improves people’s memory.C. Walking is suitable for almost everyone.D. Walking helps people concentrate on other things.13. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It should be made part of people’s life.C. It can make people’s heart stronger.D. It prevents people suffering from cancer.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A way to get special rewards from project owners.B. A formal project that can get funded on Kickstarter.C. A special website helping creative projects find support.D. A story about Mozart’s seeking supporters for his concerts.15. A. 5,000,000. B. 60,000. C. 10,000. D. 200.16. A. The projects should be finished by the creators.B. Only well-known people can share their projects.C. Supporters can contribute anything to the projects.D. Creators must promise financial rewards for supporters.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)A woman was waiting at an airport one night. She hunted for a book, bought a bag of cookies and found a place to sit.She was absorbed in her book but happened (25) ____(see) that the man sitting beside her grabbed a cookie or two from the bag in between them. She tried to ignore it. As the greedy cookie thief kept (26)____ (eat) ,she munched(大声咀嚼) some cookies and watched the clock.She was getting angrier as time went by, thinking, “If I weren’t so nice, I would blacken his eyes.” With each cookie she took, he took one, too; when only one was left, she wondered what he (27) _____ (do).With a smile on his face, and nervous laugh, he took the last cookie and broke it (28)_____half. He offered her a half, and ate (29)_____ _____She grabbed it from him and thought, “Ooh, this guy is so rude! Why didn’t he even show any gratitude?”When her flight was called, she gathered her belongings and headed for the gate, (30) ____(refuse) to look back at the rude thief. She boarded the plane, sank in her seat, and looked for her book.As she reached in her baggage, she found her bag of cookie with surprise. “(31) _____ mine is here, the others were his, and he tried to share! How rude I was! It was I who (32) _____ have showed g ratitude.”(B)Studying for an exam while listening to music is not smart, (33)_____ background music can reduce your ability to perform memory tasks, new research has found.Study participants were asked to recall a list of eight letters in the order they (34)_____ (present). They did this while in five different sound environments: quiet surroundings; music they liked; music they disliked; changing state (an order of random digits); and steady state (an order of steady digits such as “3,3,3,3”).The participants’ recall ability was the poorest when listening to music, regardless of (35)_____ they liked or disliked it, and in changing-state conditions.(36)_____(accurate) recall occurred when participants performed the task in steady-state environments, according to the study (37)_____(publish) online in the journal Applied Cognitive Psychology.“It is the sound variation in the music and changing state (38) _____ reduces the ability to recall the order of items within the presented list,” explained the leading researcher Nick Perham, (39) _____ is a lecturer in the School of Psychologyat the University of Wales Institute in Cardiff, in a news release from the journal’s publisher.When performing (40) _____ challenging mental task, do it in silence, Perham recommended.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordA row of cars appears to be stranded on aremote road, while a confused man on the left ofthe photo looks to be checking a roadside mapwhile he calls for help.The street view cars, each 41 with nine2.5 meter-high multi-directional cameras,silently travel around the streets, takingpictures of city centers, side streets and evenresidential areas.They have 42 captured sunbathing girls, children fighting and even a man dressed as Paddington Bear waving at the camera, raising 43 about invasion of privacy.But these potentially 44 shots, taken near Amsterdam, are the first time that the lens(镜头) has been turned on the Google company and its black cars.Google street View, 45 in 2007, allows “armchair explorers” to travel the world with a click of a mouse button. It 46 locations on all seven continents, and its makers claim that 95 percent of the UK has been mapped out on the company’s servers.Some users of the service, who 47 the company’s Google Maps of being 48 , said that the picture showed that you couldn’t always rely on technology. One said: “This is why I still have a map in my car. I often use Google Streetview, but I never rely on it 49 or use it to plan routes.” Another added: “It told me to drive straight through a petrol station on one occasion.”A Google spokesperson denied the 50 . She said: “It doesn’t look to me like they’re lost. The drivers undergo training so they know how to use the equipment and it looks like this might more likely be what they’re doing.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Surprising new research suggests it can actually be good to feel bad at work, and that feeling good in the workplace can lead to negative outcomes.The study of emotions in the workplace, edited by University of Liverpool researchers Drs. Dirk Lindebaum and Peter Jordan, is the 51 of a Special Issue of the journal Human Relations.They found that the 52 held assumption that positivity in the workplace produces positive outcomes, while negative emotions lead to negative outcomes, may be in need for 53 . This is partly due to this assumption 54 to take into account the differences in work contexts which effect outcomes.For instance, anger does not always lead to negative outcomes and can be used as a force for good through acting upon injustices. In some 55 , anger can be considered a force for good if motivated by perceived violations(违背)of moral standards. An employee, for example, could express anger constructively after a manager has treated a fellow worker 56 . In such cases, anger can be useful to 57 these acts of injustice from repeating themselves in the future.Likewise, being too positive in the workplace, 58 resulting in greater well-being and greater productivity, can lead to self-satisfaction and superficiality(肤浅).One article within the issue also finds that, within team situations, negativity can have a good effect, leading to less 59 and therefore greater discussion among workers which 60 team effectiveness.An interesting contradiction(矛盾) is identified in another study of the special issue. Here, people gain 61 from doing “good” in the context of helplines by providing support to people in times of emotional distress. 62 , they are negatively affected by their line of work due to people trying to avoid them in social situations.Lindebaum said, “The findings of the studies published in this Special Issue 63 the widely held assumption that in the workplace positive emotions 64 a positive outcome, and vice verse. This Special Issue adds to our knowledge and understanding of how the positive and negative emotions affect the 65 environment and has practical application and relevance in the workplace.”51. A. application B. topic C. cause D. objective52. A. basically B. logically C. commonly D. blindly53. A. reconsideration B. recommendation C. recognition D. reassurance54. A. stopping B. failing C. tending D. managing55. A. aspects B. companies C. cultures D. cases56. A. gently B. strangely C. irregularly D.unfairly57. A. prevent B. keep C. find D. have58. A. in spite of B. apart from C. instead of D. owing59. A. agreement B. thinking C. production D. initiative60. A. determines B. enhances C. reduces D. influences61. A. independence B. knowledge C. satisfaction D. strength62. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However63. A. support B. challenge C. include D. confirm64. A. contribute to B. result from C. fit in with D. get over65. A. social B. surviving C. natural D. workingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read(A)The term “resume”means a document describing one’s educational qualitifications and professional experience. However guidelines for preparing a global resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the company culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The following list is a good place to start.* In many countries, it is standard procedure to attach a photo or have your photo printed on your resume. Do not attach a photograph to your resume if you are sending it to the United States, though.* Educational requirements differ from country to country. In most case of “cross-border”job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be enough. Provide the reader with details about your studies and any related experience.* Pay attention to the resume format(格式) you use--chronological(时间的) or revers-chronological order. If you find no specific guidelines, the general preference is for the revers-chronological format,which means listing your current or most recent experience first.* The level of computer technology and accessibility to the Internet varies from country to country. Even if a company or individual lists an e-mail address, there is no guarantee that they will actually receive your email. Send a paper copy of your resume , as well as the emailed copy, just to make sure that it is received.* If you are writing your resume in English, find out if the receiver uses British English or American English because there are variations between the two versions.* Although English is widely accepted today as being the universal language of business, most multinational companies will expect you to speak the language of one of the countries in which they do business, in addition to English. Have your resumeprepared in both languages, and be ready for your interview to be conducted in both languages. Most companies will want to see and hear proof of your language skills.* Be aware that paper sizes are different countries. The United States standard is 81/2 by 11 inches, while the European A4 standard is 21 by 29.7 centimeters.When you send your resume by email, reformat it to the receiver’s standard. Otherwise, when it is printed out,half of your material may be missing.66. The passage is most probably intended for ______ .A. Job hunters that seek careers abroadB. Companies that do international businessC. People that are employed by companies overseasD. Graduates that can speak over one foreign language67. Which of the following is always advisable when a global resume is prepared according to the passage ?A. Write it in American English.B. Prepare it in at least three languagesC. Attach or print your photo on it.D. Send both a paper and emailed copy.68. From the passage, we learn that ______.A. We can’t list the oldest experience first in a resumeB. Asian countries may have the same standard paper sizeC. A resume can help us know about a person’s personalityD. A person’s educational background should be included in a resume69. The passage mainly wants to tell us that a global resume should ______.A. Be highly professionalB. Be especially informativeC. Be culturally appropriateD. Be logically chronological(B)70. On December 25th, 2014, the first coach from Heathrow Terminal 1 to Reading departs______.A. 7:15.B. 7:00.C. 6:50.D. 6:35.71. If you are to reach Terminal 2 of the Heathrow Airport before 10:00 a.m., youneed to get to Reading Station not later than ______.A. 8:20 a.m.B. 8:45 a.m.C. 9:00a.m.D. 9:15a.m.72. The information leaflet is produced by ______.A. ReadingB. InterCityC. Railair LinkD. Heathrow Airport73. According to the timetable, all passengers should ______.A. Buy return ticketsB. Buy their tickets on the busC. Buy the tickets onlineD. Buy their tickets in advance(C)Researchers are reporting the first treatment to speed recovery from severe brain injuries caused by falls and car crashes: a cheap flu medicine--amantadine, whose side benefits were discovered by accident decades ago.Severely injured patients in the United States, Denmark and Germany who were given amantadine got better faster than those who received another medicine. After four weeks, more people in the flu drug group could give reliable yes-and-no answers, follow commands or use a spoon or hairbrush--things that none of them could do at the start.Far fewer patients who got amantadine remained in a vegetative state, 17 percent versus32 percent.“This drug moved the needle in terms of speeding patient recovery, and that’s not been shown before,” said neuropsychologist(神经心理学家) Joseph Giacino of Boston’s Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, co-leader of study. He added:“It really does provide hope for a population that is viewed in many places as hopeless.”Many doctors began using amantadine for brain injures years ago, but until now there’s never been a big study to show that it works. The results of the federally(联邦地) funded study appear in Thursday’s New England Journal of Medicine.A neuropsychologist(神经心理学家) who wasn’t involved in the research called it an important step. But many questions remain, including whether people less severely injured would benefit, and whether amantadine actually improves patients’long-term outcome or just speeds up their recovery.Each year, an estimated 1.7 million American suffer a brain injury. With no proven treatment to rely on, doctors have used a variety of medicines approved for other disease in the hopes that they would help brain injury patients. Those decisions are based on “guesses and logic rather than data” said Dr. John Whyte, of the Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute in suburban Philadelphia. He led the study along with Giacino.Amantadine, an inexpensive medicine, was approved for the flu in the mid-1960s. The first hint that it might have other uses came a few years later when it appeared to improve Parkinson’s symptoms in nursing home patients. It was found to have an effect on the brain’s doparmine system(多巴胺系统), whose function include movement and alertness, and it was later approved for Parkinson’s.It’s now commonly used for brain injuries, and the researchers felt it was important to find out “whether we’re treating patients with a useful drug, a harmful drug or a useless drug,” Whyte said.74. According to Paragraph 1, the patients in a vegetative state may be those who ______.A. Can follow simple ordersB. Recover faster than expectedC. Can’t breathe on their ownD. Show no sign of brain activities75. According to the passage, Amantadine is a medicine that ______.A. Is useful for flu onlyB. Is aimed to improve memoryC. Speeds up brain injury recoveryD. Benefits patients’brain injuries in the long run76. The aim of the study led by Giacino and Whyte is to ______.A. Get enough fund from the federal governmentB. Prove the effect of Amantadine on brain injuriesC. Publish its results in New England Journal of MedicineD. Provide hope for patients considered hopeless in the past77. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage ?A. Old Drug,Proven Side BenefitB. Medical Study, New DiscoveryC. Severe Brain Injury, Quick RecoveryD. Different Treatment, Obvious Effect Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Defenders of the French language are angered by plans to introduce courses taught in English at public universities, arguing that France must protect itself against the risk of losing its cultural identity.The French Parliament recently started to debate the issue as part of a bill on a broader reform of higher education, but all attention has focused on an article that would lift a 19-year ban on English as a teaching language at public universities.The French government backs the change, which it says would help to attract foreign students and help French graduates compete in a global economy as the country struggles to regain competitiveness. More French students fearing poor job prospects at home, where youth unemployment is nearly 25 percent, are studying and working abroad. One of their destinations is London, which now has become the sixth largest French population in the world.However, opponents of the law, including professors, lawmakers and the French language supervision body Academic France, say the community of other French-speaking peoples must be defended and that the change would be a betrayal of other French-speaking nations."If France gives other French-speaking countries the wrong signal by leading an assault against the language, that would be a very, very regrettable thing indeed," said Claude Hagege, a language scientist.France has long defended its culture at home and abroad. In 1994, the so-called " Toubon Law" made the use of French mandatory in all TV broadcasts, meaning all foreign-language programs are dubbed, while radio stations must play at least 40 percent of French music for most of the day.Business leaders criticize France's low ranking for English proficiency(熟练度）- it placed 23rd in a 2012 global ranking published by education company Education First - even though the use of English has grown, notably in academic circles.Higher Education Minister Genevieve Fioraso said offering English would increase the appeal of French universities at a time when they are falling further behind in international rankings. In a 2011-2012 survey by Britain's Times newspaper, the highest-ranked French university is in 59th position. Private business schools where English is taught rank higher.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What does “the change” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?79. Some people are against the change because they think it would_____________________.80. According to “Toubon Law” , what is a must for TV stations in France?81. Genevieve Fioraso thinks the release of the bill may help French universities __________.第Ⅱ卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我可以向你保证目前一切都在掌握之中。

上海市崇明区2018～2019学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题(解析版)

绝密★启用前上海市崇明区2019届高三上学期第一次高考模拟考试英语试题（解析版）(考试时间120分钟,满分140分。

请将答案填写在答题纸上)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. In a charity shop.B. In a laundry.C. In a dormitory.D. In a clothing store.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: Excuse me, but I’d like to have this shirt washed and ironed.W: OK, sir. Your shirt will be ready by Thursday morning. Anything else?Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?2.音频A. $114.B. $86.C. $14.D. $43.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: Here’s a 100-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonight’s show, please. M: Sure. Two tickets and here’s 14 dollars’ change.Q: How much does one ticket cost?3.音频A. A librarian.B. A secretary.C. A reporter.D. An accountant.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: How do you like your new job, Bill?M: Fine. This week I have been reading the reports and studying the accounting books. Next week I will probably get down to the accounts.Q: What is most probably the man’s job?4.音频A. Purchase some ingredients.B. Give the man instructions for the soup.C. Check to see if the soup is ready.D. Write down the directions to the supermarket.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: The soup is delicious. I’d love to be able to make it myself.W: Why not? You can get all the ingredients at any supermarket. Here, let me get a pencil and paper.Q: What will the woman probably do next?5.音频A. Chocolate is his favourite fla vour.B. There’s no more chocolate pudding left.C. He doesn’t want any chocolate pudding.D. He’s already tasted the chocolate pudding.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W: Umm…are you going to try some of this chocolate pudding? It’s incredible. M: Well, to be honest with you, I’ve never been a fan of chocolate.Q: What does the man mean?6.音频A. She hasn’t called the travel agency yet.B. She doesn’t know when her semester ends.C. The man may have to reschedule his trip.D. The man should take his vacation somewhere else.。

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编----语法填空--学生版(已校对)

Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to deal with Whiners（抱怨不停的人）?There are always some people radiating negativity in the work place. For them, the temperature is never right, the boss is always a fool, the canteen food is awful, and they (21) ______ (treat) unfairly.Career experts say such habitual complainers are highly contagious(会蔓延的) , (22) ______ attitude can easily affect an entire team in a company. ―While s ome complaints might be reasonable, (23) ______ are taken from thin air. You need to see between these different types and adopt the right strategy towards each,‖ said Li Ming, HR manager at Wal-Mart (China).It is especially hard to deal with complaints at work (24) ______ you can‘t just walk away or put your colleagues‘ words out of mind. If you do, it will hurt your co-workers and you might be isolated. In a team-based company you belong to a group and need to behave accordingly. But don‘t show too much sympathy. Listening passively to others‘ complaints could damage your image and give others the impression (25) ______ you agree with them. ―Listen to the whiners actively,‖ said HR Li. ―Help them find a solution, or see (26) ______ there are ways to impr ove the situation.‖Zhai Min, 24, a software engineer at Kingdee International Software Group in Shenzhen, found that 3 elderly workers liked to complain about everything, from (27) ______ (extend) working hours to cheap hotels on business trips. ―I let them talk about their opinions,‖ she said, ―They feel better when (28) ______ (tell) someone how they want things to be.‖But listening actively is far from enough. Wang Dianxue, 27, is an Internet engineer at Beijing Push Marcom Group. His co-workers always complain that their computer systems are not working properly. ―I ask about the specifics and work together with them (29) ______ (fix) everything technically.‖ he said.HR managers believe that when staffs complain, it is more a matter of recognition than an actual problem. ―The real problem is that the whiners don‘t feel they are being taken seriously,‖ said Xu Jun, HR manager at Guangqi Honda Automobile Co., Ltd. ―(30) ______ (give) them advice or perspectives attentively and the problem will usually di sappear.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Norway is Teaching Travelersto TravelAfter 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‗Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible‘. Fjellvettreglene, the ‗mountain code‘(21) ______ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment (22) ______ (assist) yourself and others, seeking shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.Nationally, Norway (23) ______ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. From just 1,000 tourists in the whole of 2010, Trolltunga, a piece of rock that stands horizontally out of the mountain, (24) ______ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why? Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don‘t care about the experience of the hike. They just want proof (25) ______ they did it.But, while good for the economy, this tourism boom has become a threat (26) ______ Norway‘s natural environment.Used toilet paper, (27) ______ (abandon) tents and plastic bottles can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway‘s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number oftourists (28) ______ (hike) to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, ―On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just to get a picture. To control this, we‘d like to regulate (29) ______ _____ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don‘t start too late and find (30) ______ stuck up here.‖Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.As a young child, Ann Makosinski would spend hours experimenting with her toys and other everyday objects around her to create her own inventions.Now a first-year Arts student, Makosinski is a well-known inventor and entrepreneur (创业者). She won the 2015Sustainable Entrepreneurship Award of Excellence, (21) _____recognizes innovative business solutions to social problems— the same recognition given to Barack Obama in 2014. Her own inventions, the Hollow Flashlight and the e-Drink, have been causingexcitement internationally (22)_______their creation.At the age of 15, Makosinski created a prototype(原型) for a flashlight (23)_______(power ) by the heat of one‘s hand. This invention was the result of a ninth grade science project, but Makosinski‘ goal was (24)________(offer) a practical solution to people with unlimited access to power and electricity.― I‘m half-Filipino and half-Polish, and one of my friends from the Philippines told me that she failed school (25)_________ she couldn‘t afford electricity. She had no light to study with at night, so that was kind of the inspiration,‖Makosinski explained.―I‘ve always been interested in doing sc ience projects, so I thought, why don‘t I find a way to provide her and a lot of other people with light?‖The Hollow Flashlight is made from Peltier tiles（珀耳贴贴片）that produce energy when one side (26)______（heat）and the other side remains cool. The flashlight can produce a steady beam of LED light for 20 minutes, (27)______（use）only the warmth of the human hand.Her advice to other student innovators? ― Start now. There (28)________be nothing holding you back. Some students at colleges or even in high scho ol think ‗ Oh, I‘m a student. I just need to study.‘ (29)________may think it important to make friends and be social. The truth is, you can do a lot of other things. You can do (30)_______you want. Just go ahead.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Developing Competent TeachingNations that have greatly improved their students‘achievements, such as Finland, Korea, Singapore, and others, attribute much of their success to their focused investments in teacher preparation and development. (21) (Create) a system that can routinely hire and prepare teachers effectively and can support successful teaching is the arena (竞技场) in which the United States (22) (fall) behind the most. Although there are some great teachers in every community, the landscape of the supports for quality teaching looks like Swiss cheese. In some states, the holes are smaller, and in others they are bigger. Nor in no case is there a fully (23) (develop) system of instructional support even remotely comparable to that in high-achieving nations. And of course, as we have seen, the system is the weakest in communities (24) students‘ needs are greatest.Some have argued that the answer to weak teaching in the United States id to eliminate ―barriers‖ to teaching, such as teacher education and certification requirements, allow anyone who wants to teach into the classroom, and fire those who prove not to be effective. Although the interest in teaching effectiveness is important, this approach does not offer strategy (25) (ensure) thatteachers will have opportunities to gain the knowledge and skills they need in order to be effective, or that all schools will have the resources to attract and hire the best teachers. (26) does it protect the students in low-income schools, who will be the victims of unprepared and inexperienced teachers in the years until these teachers have demonstrated their incapability and left the field.A regulation (27) (focus) on easy access and easy firing ignores the question of how to develop widespread teaching skills and ensure a strong supply of highly able teachers for schools.(28) such supply, principals will be unable to hire strong teachers even if they are free to hire whomever they are pleased with, and, evidence shows that schools are likely to fire weak teachers, (29) they feel they won‘t be able to replace them. Even if they do, there is little guarantee that the quality of teaching (30) (improve). although there are good reasons to argue for stringer evaluation practices for removing incapable teachers and for recognizing excellent ones, a theory that the major problems with teaching can be solved by carrots and sticks alone leaves the development of teaching abilities to chance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Grasshopper in Van Gogh PaintingArt conservators(管理员) dream of finding (21)_______(hide) secrets in themasterpieces they look after. Rarely do they expect to find a deadgrasshopper.Conservators at the Nelson-Atkins museum of art in Kansas City said they discovered the dead insect in one of its star paintings, Vincent van Gogh‘s Olive Trees, when it (22)_______ (scan) as part of the research for a catalogue of its French painting collection.It was spot ted by Mary Schafer. She told a local broadcaster that she found it in the work‘s lower foreground. ―(23)_______(look) at the painting with the microscope，I came across the tiny body of a grasshopper covered in the paint, so it (24)_______ have occurred in the wet paint back in 1889.―We can connect it to Van Gogh painting outside, so we think of him battling the elements, dealing with the wind, the bugs, and then he‘s got to walk back to his studio through the fields. What‘s fun is that we can come up with all these stories for (25)_______ the insect landed in the paint.‖Schafer said they were curious to know if the grasshopper could be studied (26)_______(far) to possibly identify which season Van Gogh painted Olive Trees.Michael Engel, a professor at the University of Kansas, was approached (27)_______(examine) the grasshopper further. He discovered that part of the insect‘s body was missing and there was no sign of movement in the surrounding paint. In other words, it was already dead (28)_______ it som ehow landed on the artist‘s wet canvas and could not be used for dating purposes.Van Gogh painted Olive Trees in 1889, the year after his falling out with his friend Gauguin, (29)_______ may have led to his famous act of self-mutilation in the history of art: cutting off his own ear.The grasshopper may not help in any art historical research but it has become a talking point for museum visitors, looking closely into the painting to see (30)_______ they can spot the dead insect.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blankHonesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.I had just started working in geriatrics(老年病科). Mr. McMahon（21）in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history （22）his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood （23）(look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked, "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (24) the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the tests I was going to order.Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down－she said you told her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (25) he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon, she turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (26) (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (27)you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."(28) it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (29) they hear－and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful, I'd made the situation (30) (bad).II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Different background shouldn‘t mean less education. Fifty years ago, in a primary school classroom, two boys aged 11 took an examination called the 11-plus,(21)______would make decisions about the rest of their lives. Paul passed and went to a ―grammar school‖. Baz failed the examination and went to a ―secondary modern school‖. They did not see each other again for years.Many grammar schools(22)______(establish) hundreds of years ago to teach the Latin language to children who were not from rich families. They encouraged students to study (23)______they were 18 and then to go to university. Secondary modern school students left at 16, usually with fewer qualifications than grammar school students. Baz says the secondary modem school had(24)______(few)resources and the quality of teaching was not as good.Things have changed. In the 1960s and the 1970s ―comprehensive schools‖were created. Today, 90 percent children aged 11 to 16 from the same area to the same school without(25)______(take) any entry examination.The British often disagrees about the best way(26)______(educate) their children. Many people say that comprehensive schools help more children to succeed because they provide everybody(27)______similar opportunities in a fairer way. Another view, though, is that more intelligent children, especially(28)______from poor homes are better supported at grammar schools. Now, the government plans to open new grammar schools(29)______ ______almost two million children will go to the same type of school that Paul attended.And Paul and Baz? Aged 60, they met again and compared (30)______had happened to them. After university, Paul qualified as a teacher. Baz went to work in a factory at 16 and later became an engineer. In fact, Baz had a much higher salary than Paul--so perhaps life is fair after all.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, (21)______(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called ―landfill crisis‖ of the mid-1990s,means that recycling has not caught on, which runs (22)______ some environmentalists‘ wishes.However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They‘ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) (23)______ cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups (24)______(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.(25)______ ______ ______ uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families (26)______ recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers ―polluted‖ with more than 10 recyclables，warnings (27)______(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the (28)______(advanced) recycling facility in the country.The company focuses on (29)______could cut costs. Automation hasstreamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents,(30)______(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives BirthApril, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hooves (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. ―After months of pregnancy, both mom and calf are doing fine,‖ said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April‘s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Recreational Vehicles (房车): On the RoadRecreational vehicles (RVs) are a typically American invention. Nationally, sales rose to 430,000 units last year, a 40-year high. At the inexpensive end, they sell for as little as $5,000 for a caravan (大篷车); deluxe versions cost up to $1,000,000 and are typically equipped with a bedroom,kitchen and bathroom that are bigger than ones in many European flats. The share prices of Thor Industries, the biggest RV-manufacturer in America, and Winnebago, the third-largest, (21)_ (rise) by 43% and 17%, respectively so far.That is a big change. During the 2008-09 recession, notes Mr. Troiano, the owner of Continental R V, R V dealerships everywhere closed down, leaving his shop among the very few (22)(leave) servingtheNewY orkmetropolitanarea. Mr. Troianoisontrack(23) (sell) more RVs this year than in any other since the early 2000s. The current rebound ( 反弹) ismostly(24) the economy‘s recovery, but it also springs from the fact that new typesof customer are embracing thelifestyle.A decade ago, the average age of an RV-owner was 49, and over 90% were white, says Kevin Broom of the Recreational V ehicle Industry Association (RVIA), which doesn‘t indicate a brightfuture. Another boost comes from sufficient immigrants,(25)are keen toexperiencelong, self-planned road trips in America. Mr. Troiano‘s most recent big sale wasto(26)richAsian family.The industry hopes that its poor record with foreign sales — last year less than 1% of R Vs produced domestically (27)(ship) to foreign markets —may improve, too. China‘sgovernment, for example, has planned to build 2,000 campgrounds by 2020, up from an estimated 300 today, in a bid to promote domestic tourism, particularly to remote rural regions. Chinese firms such as Y utong Bus make RVs, but not of the quality that many Chinese want. The country imported 1,000 vehicles last year, over half of themAmerican.R V manufacturers are also marketing theconcept(28)their motor homescanbe commercial as well as leisure vehicles.They(29)allow travelling salesmen,businessmento save on food and hotelcosts. (30)you park it, it can be your office, as well as yourhome.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At first glance, these impressive images look like moment captured by a talented photographer. But you cannot always believe what you see. These pictures, with their incredible photographic details, are in fact the creations (21)_______ (draw) by Scottish hyper-realist Paul Cadden.With often nothing more than a pencil in hand, the 47-year-old artist produces elaborate drawings that could easily (22)______ (mistake) for the work of any modern digital camera. From the wrinkles on a woman‘s face and beads of water, to a breath of smoke from a cigarette, Cadeenis able to capture (23)______ (complicated) features of his subjects in such painstaking detail that the images look astonishingly real.Cadden said he began drawing at a very young age and has always been interested in art. With some experience in animation and graphic design, he moves into hyper-realism (24)______ he has a special gift for capturing details.His creations reflect his love for details, with a single image (25)______ (take) up to six weeks to produce. Working with pencil, graphite and white chalk, Cadden is able to create seven poster-size pieces a year, (26)_____ sell for up to $5,000 each.The artist explained that he does not want people to focus completely on the techniques involved in his pieces. ―I want them to think about the work and (27)_______ I‘m actually drawing,‖ he said, ―Iprefer to study the internal aspect of the subject (28)______ _______ focus solely on the external part.‖Now, Cadden is planning to take his pieces to more foreign countries, and to hold exhibitions in China, Cuba and Brazil. He hopes to get established enough(29)______ (make) a living from his work. ―I want to be doing lots of exhibitions in five years‘ time. To have a successful solo show is a long-cherished dream of mine,‖he said. ―It‘s such a fantastic feeling (30）______ somebody buys your paintings and you know the paintings are sitting somewhere in their houses.‖II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.One of my (21) ________ (memorable) vacations took place on a farm.When I was a boy, my parents and I traveled from New York City to the Pennsylvania countryside for a weeklong taste of rural life. We stayed in a guesthouse on a farm, (22) ________ (join) in the daily routines and eating meals with the farmer and his family. We got up early to seethe cows as they (23) ________ (milk). I even tried my hand at milking one, and then joined the farmer as he released the cows into the field afterward.Decades later I still have vivid memories of that trip and of experiencing a lifestyle so different (24) ________ my own. It made me realize the value of a vacation.To this day, I wonder (25) ________ that farmer ever managed to enjoy a vacation of his own. There is never a day when the animals don‘t need to be fed. But I still think of that family trip when I plan my approach to taking time off with my wife and kids. Vacations are a time for resting and connecting. As a bank manager, I spend much of my workday encouraging my customers to save their money. One of the reasons I give is that we should all have enough for a family vacation every year. In our busy lives, family is what we (26)________ be saving our money and time for.For my family, our vacation starts when we begin planning the trip. We talk about destinations and our budget ahead of time. Among the things we discuss: Can we save money by renting a house instead of spending six nights in a hotel? Would it be better (27) ________ (buy) groceries and cook for ourselves rather than eat out every night?(28) ________ (involve) the kids in planning the vacation makes sure that they have a great vacation too. I prefer to visit historical sites and museums while they love to fish and swim. So I build in some relaxation time for us all (29) ________ ________ the vacation can work for everyone.Each year, setting aside vacation time to spend together is especially important to us. This is the one week a year I don‘t care whether my kids clean their room or do the dishes. (30) ________ matters that week is that everyone is having a great timeSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.。

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)-学生版(已校对)

IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Wilderness TherapyWhen most people hear the term “psychotherapy”, they picture traditional talk therapy –someone sitting on a couch or chair talking about their troubling thoughts and feelings with a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, talk therapy isn’t the only type of psychotherapy used to help individuals struggling with depression, anxiety, and a whole host of other challenging disorders, emotional struggles, and other types of problems. In reality, therapy takes place in all kinds of settings. One of them is wilderness therapy.When the campsite is set up and the fire is lit, the doctor is in. Wilderness therapy is a successful, and sometimes controversial (有争议的) way to help troubled youth by teaching life and social skills on the hiking trail. Intensive group therapy and one-on-one sessions are coupled with outdoor activities like mountain climbing and fly-fishing to teach self-reliance and responsibility. Programs promise to reform even the most wayward (任性的) of offenders, including teens with depression, anger management issues, or eating disorders.While wilderness therapy can be effective, certain methods have come under fire for using unethical, and sometimes abusive (施虐的) techniques to help struggling youth. Wilderness programs are loosely regulated, so not all programs are staffed by qualified professionals. Upon closer examination, some “therapy” groups seemed to be just military-style boot camps with little mental health benefit.Even legal wilderness therapy groups have been criticized for partnering with teen escort (陪同) companies to forcibly remove unwilling participants from their homes to attend the program. While controversy and risk exist, wilderness therapy might be a creative way to teach life skills when other methods have failed.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Are Open Offices Good for Us?Four years ago, Chris Nagele did what many other technology executives have done before –moved his team into an open concept office. His staff had been entirely working from home, but he wanted everyone to be together, to connect and cooperate more easily. It quickly became clear, though, that Nagele had made a huge mistake. Everyone was distracted and productivity suffered and nine employees were unhappy, not to mention Nagele himself. About three years after moving into the open office, Nagele moved the company into a 10,000-square foot office where everyone now has their own space — complete with closing doors.Numerous companies have held the open office — about 70% of US offices are open concept — and very few have moved back into traditional spaces with offices and doors. But research that we’re 15% less productive, we have huge trouble concentrating in open working spaces, has contributed to a growing criticism against open offices.Beside the cheaper cost, one main argument for the open workspace is that it increases teamwork. However, it’s well documented that we rarely brainstorm brilliant ideas when we’re just shooting the breeze in a crowd. Instead, as many of us know, we’re more likely to hear about the Ch ristmas gift a colleague is buying for a family member, or problems with your deskmate’s spouse.For jobs that require focus, like writing, advertising, financial planning and computer programming, some companies that aren’t ready to abandon open plans are experimenting with quiet and closed spaces. The trouble with that, is some of us don’t feel comfortable leaving the team to go off on our own—it can feel as if we’re not pulling our weight if we’re not present. That’s particularly true in high-pressure environments. Some of us even feel that escaping to a quiet room is a sign of weakness.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terriblereality of vi olence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm. Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.（280 words）IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.To airline and airport operators, fog is an enemy. When the white, misty blanket hides runways, airplanes cannot take off or land. Changes in flight schedules cost the airlines several million dollars each year.Fog is an concentration of tiny water droplets suspended in the air. It most often occurs when warm, most air is suddenly cooled. To clear the air of fog, it is necessary to evaporate the droplets or cause them to join together and fall as rain or snow.In 1968, a new fog-sweeping machine was tested for dissipating(驱散）the most common king of fog, which occurs at temperature above freezing. The machine consists of 100-foot-long plastic tube mounted on a mobile blower. As the machine moved across the airport, chemicalswere blown through the tube and up into the fog. One of the chemicals reduces the surface tension on the water droplets so that they would join together more easily. Another chemical gave an electronic charge to the droplets, so that they attracted each other and fell as rain.Cold fog, which occurs at temperatures below freezing, causes only a small percentage of airport shutdowns. Cold fog is fairly easy to eliminate. For quite a few years, airports have used cloud-seeding methods to dissipate cold fog. An airplane drops crystals of dry ice into the fog. Soon, snow falls and the air clears.In the 1900s, another kind of weapon against fog was developed. Pilots who are flying through fog fire a pulse of laser light toward the runway. The light that would normally be reflected by the fog is screened out by a sensor. When the laser pulse returns, the sensor opens briefly to admit only the light reflected from the runway, thus enabling the laser to “see” the runway through the fog.These new “whether weapons” are helping to win the war against fog.IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.We see it everywhere. A tired parent, at the end of a stressful day, loses it — and a child suffers. We’d like to help if we could, but we hesitate. Is it our business to intervene(干涉)? And if we do, will we embarrass and offend the parent, making him or her even more angry with the child? Isn’t it wiser to walk past without comment? A fter all, none of us is a perfect parent.There seems to be a common assumption in our society that intervening on behalf of a child in a public place is necessarily hurtful and critical. It needs to be neither. There is a world of difference between hurt ful criticism (“How dare you treat your child like that?”) and helpful intervention done in a caring way (“It can be really hard to meet their needs when you’re so busy. Is there anything I can do to help?”) There is nothing essential in intervention that requires one to be offensive.My friends and I have witnessed some really harmful acts: hitting, severe verbal abuse, hurtful comparisons to brothers and sisters, and so on. These children accept this treatment because they are too helpless and inexperienced to stand up for themselves. That emotionalabuse(虐待) leaves no outward scars should not excuse us from helping these children. Those of us who can recognize damaging treatment have an obligation to step in.There is one more reason for intervening that is nearly always overlooked in these discussions, but which I consider to be the most significant: the lifelong effect it can have on the child. Many adults in counseling sessions still recall with gratitude the one time that a stranger stepped in on their behalf, and how much it meant: that someone cared, and that the child’s feelings of anger and frustration were recognized and accepted. These adults have stated to me that this one intervention changed their lives and gave them hope. Are we to bypass the opportunity to make such a big difference in the life of a child?Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.California condors are North American’s largest birds, will wing-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico. Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once. So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival tim e in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers’ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father’s warmth first influences daughters’ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more direct link between their fathers’ involvement and teenage boys’ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese.But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook.The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips.But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative.It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager trav elers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive.And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Where You Go” Doesn’t Matter So MuchDuring the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to try and help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters featuring the names and faces of famous people while their peers and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite colleges (名校) they assume the celebrities attended.The “oohs” and “aahs” follow as the audience learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise. Even better is giving the students an assignment to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college?” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than what college they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores—one marker of elite colleges—didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them—either because of rejection or by their own choice—are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.In a summary of the findings, the bureau sa ys that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their later success than average academic ability of their classmates.”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Sales strategiesHow can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultative?The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same.The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual c ustomer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored to a consumer’s needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations value creativity and analytical skills.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When a rather dirty, poorly dressed person kneels at your feet and puts out his hands to beg for a few coins, do you hurry on, not knowing what to do, or do you feel sad and hurriedly hand over some money? What should our attitude to beggars be? There can be no question that the world is full of terribly sad stories. It must be terrible to have no idea where our next meal is going to come from. It seems cruel not to give some money to beg gars.Certainly, most of the world’s great religions order us to be open hearted and share what we have with those less fortunate than ourselves. But has the world changed? Maybe what wasmorally right in the old days, when one knew exactly who in the village had suffered misfortune and needed help, is no longer the best idea. Quite a few people will not give to beggars. Let us look at their arguments.First, some believe that many city beggars dress up on purpose to look pitiable and actually make a good living from begging. Giving to beggars only encourages this sort of evil. Secondly, there is the worry that the money you give will be spent on beer, wine or drugs. Thirdly, there is the opinion that there is no real excuse for begging. One might be poor, but that is no reason for losing one’s sense of pride and self-dependence.Related to this is the opinion that the problem should be dealt with by the government rather than ordinary people. Some people think beggars should go to the local government department and receive help.It is hard to come to any final conclusion; there are various cases and we must deal with them differently. A few coins can save a life in some situations, and even if the money is wasted, that does not take away the moral goodness of the giver.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleIt’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to alarge demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleReading the world in 195 boobsIn 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country of all 195 UN- recognized states in a year. With no idea how to find publications, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers, like Turkmenistan’s Ak Welsapar and Panama’s Juan David Morgan, sent me unpublished translations of their novels. Even with such an extraordinary team behind me, however, sourcing books was no easy task.But the effort was worth it. As I made my way through the planet’s literary landscapes,extraordinary things started to happen. Far from simply armchair travelling, I found I was inhabiting the mental space of the storytellers. I discovered, book packing offered something that a physical traveller could hope to experience only rarely: it took me inside the thoughts of individuals living far away and showed me the world through their eyes. More powerful than a thousand news reports, these stories not only opened my mind to basic information of life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realized I was not an isolated person, but part of a network that stretched all over the planet.One by one, the country names on the list that had begun as an intellectual exercise transformed into places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed foreign and remote became close and familiar to me — places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleSecure payment without leaving a traceComputer scientist Andy Rupp, member of the “Signaling Code and Security” working group, is always surprised about lacking problem awareness: only few users are aware of the fact that by using payment systems they disclose in detail how and what they consume or which routes they have taken. To prevent control of the accounts by dishonest users, customer data and account balances of payment are usually carried out with the help of a central database. In every payment deal, the customer is identified and the details of her/his deal are transmitted to the central database. This repeated identification process produces a data trace that might be misused by the provider or third parties.The expert has now presented the basics of an “electronic purse” that works by unknown names, but prevents misuse at the same time. The “black-box addition plus” (BBA+) code system developed by them transfers all necessary account data to the card used or the smartphone and guarantees their secrets with the help of signaling code methods. At the same time, BBA+ offers security guarantees for the operator of the payment system: The code system guarantees a correct。

崇明高三英语一模试卷

崇明高三英语一模试卷一、听力部分（共20分）1. 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。

每段对话读两遍。

（每题1分，共5分）1) What does the man want to do?A. Buy a new car.B. Sell his old car.C. Borrow some money.2) Where are the speakers?A. In a classroom.B. In a library.C. In a supermarket.3) What is the woman going to do?A. Go to a meeting.B. Go to a party.C. Go to a concert.4) What does the man think of the movie?A. It's exciting.B. It's boring.C. It's scary.5) Why is the woman late?A. She missed the bus.B. She got up late.C. Sheforgot the time.2. 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第10题。

对话读两遍。

（每题1分，共5分）6) What is the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Doctor and patient.C. Policeman and driver.7) What is the man's problem?A. He has a headache.B. He has a toothache.C. He hasa stomachache.8) What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Take some medicine.B. Drink some water.C. Go tothe hospital.9) How much does the man have to pay?A. $20.B. $30.C. $40.10) When will the man be able to drive again?A. In one hour.B. In two hours.C. In three hours.3. 听下面一段独白，回答第11至第15题。

崇明区2017～2018英语高三一模

崇明区2017～2018英语高三一模摘要：1.崇明区2017-2018 英语高三一模概述2.2017-2018 英语高三一模的试题特点3.2017-2018 英语高三一模的备考策略正文：【崇明区2017-2018 英语高三一模概述】崇明区2017-2018 英语高三一模，即崇明区2017-2018 学年度高三第一次英语模拟考试，是对高三学生英语水平的一次重要测验。

这次模拟考试旨在帮助学生了解自己的英语水平，发现问题并及时进行改进，为即将到来的高考做好充分的准备。

【2017-2018 英语高三一模的试题特点】2017-2018 英语高三一模的试题特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1.试题结构合理，覆盖面广。

试题涵盖了听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、任务型阅读、短文改错、书面表达等多个方面，全面检测学生的英语综合运用能力。

2.试题难度适中，注重基础。

试题难度既考虑到学生的实际水平，又有一定的挑战性，旨在考查学生对英语基础知识的掌握程度。

3.试题内容贴近生活，注重实际应用。

试题内容涉及日常生活、社会热点、文化差异等方面，强调学生在实际情境中运用英语的能力。

【2017-2018 英语高三一模的备考策略】面对2017-2018 英语高三一模，学生可以采取以下策略进行备考：1.系统复习，打好基础。

学生应该从语法、词汇、听力、阅读等方面进行系统复习，确保自己的英语基础知识扎实。

2.大量练习，提高做题速度和准确率。

学生可以通过做历年真题、模拟题等，提高自己的做题速度和准确率。

3.培养阅读习惯，提高阅读理解能力。

学生应该多读英文文章，积累词汇和语法结构，同时培养快速捕捉信息的能力。

4.创设实际情境，提高口语表达能力。

学生可以与同学、老师进行英语口语交流，或者进行自我录音，评估自己的口语表达能力。

5.保持积极心态，树立信心。

高三学生面临诸多压力，保持积极的心态，树立信心，是备考过程中不可或缺的一环。

上海市崇明区高三第一次模拟考试英语试题Word版含答案

崇明区2018届第一次高考模拟考试试卷, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken on questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions wiB. A successful test of self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.B. The laser device.C. The built-in GPS.D. The sensors and radar.B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars.t. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for g months of excitement for her audience.drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after ta newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tri , the owner of Animal Adventure Park.for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recen ecently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winre is one word more than you need.h blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.y out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays l cising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunsc they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US – commissioned wo decades younger than they really were.r to stay healthy is actually a myth (谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we g water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’ Iense exposure. Finally, DNA examination of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women sho his research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best accordare examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry. ) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became oat time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.n the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and crea Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy-tale et the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and thlf-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble re identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral urriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. Tarly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes w soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.d in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principae researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with childsomeone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership forys that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough tobe used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.ge gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several st and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages)e ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children raction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup th o add and subtract.come less confusing and difficult to you!60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ho suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully ch but she proved them wrong.unced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!” On social media, people around the world applauded her de covery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believe e it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were est of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungratefu to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweatin e without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.nison Public School进行为期两周的交流学习，但具体的交流内容还在研讨之中。

上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版精品

2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。

上海崇明区2018年高三一模-英语

上海崇明区2018年高三一模-英语高三英语共32页第2页高三英语共32页第3页高三英语共32页第4页9. A. She needs a different kind of job. B. She often goes back with her supervisor.C. She used to work for a newspaper.D. She’d like her supervisor’s opinion of her work. 10. A. The man should have had his car inspected sooner.B. The man doesn’t need to have his car inspected until next month.C. The auto inspection center will be closed at the end of the month.D. She has to wait even longer than the man did to have her car inspected.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best高三英语共32页第5页answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Alphabet’s plan on self-driving cars. B. A successful test of self-driving cars.C. People’s responses to self-driving cars.D. The 3D map used in self-driving cars.12. A. The camera. B. The laser device. C. The built-in GPS. D. The sensors and radar.13. A. Self-driving cars are already common. B. It was the first test of self-driving cars.C. There exists distrust in self-driving cars.D. Drivers are still needed in self-driving cars. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Tourism can bring a lot of disadvantages. B. Tourism is increasingly popular these years.C. Tourism should benefit local communities.D. Tourism has become a problem in some places. 15. A. The cost of fuel is low. B. More高三英语共32页第6页people are visiting China.C. Plane tickets are cheap.D. People need tourism for jobs and wealth.16. A. 1.8 million more people will travel in 2030 according to the UNWTO.B. Measures have been taken to address overtourism in some places.C. Taleb Rifai doesn’t regard overtourism as a problem.D. Some cities have forbidden tourists to visit them.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because the joke was about dinner. B. Toget all the boys involved in the joke.C. Because they had no idea about the joke.D.To leave the boys no time to take revenge.18. A. It was carefully prepared. B. Theboys were each asked to take a bowl.C. The food there was delicious.D.高三英语共32页第7页Supper should be skipped before the party. 19. A. Stupid. B. Challenged. C. Confused. D. Disappointed.20. A. The girls’ joke turned out to be a success.B. The class teacher was not generous enough.C. The boys managed to take revenge on the girls.D. The food was delicious so the bowls were emptied.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Star Giraffe Finally Gives Birth April, a giraffe who became an Internet star after her pregnancy was broadcast online, has高三英语共32页第8页finally given birth, ending months of excitement for her audience.The live broadcast from Animal Adventure Park in Harpursville, the State of New York, began during the winter. (21) drew nearly five million viewers a day at its peak. Some viewers kept checking back, even after the period (22) _____ _____ April was expected to give birth had gone. Others became frustrated, questioning (23)_____ she was really pregnant.Finally, (24)_____ April was pacing in her pen (畜栏) on April 15, two hoove s (蹄) began to appear. After a few hours, a newly-born giraffe was lying on the floor, (25)_____ (look) around confusedly. The calf (幼崽) tried to stand a few times but (26)_____ not. An hour later, it was (27)_____ its feet, walking around carefully. A spokesman for the animal park said the calf was a boy. “After months of pregnancy, both mom and高三英语共32页第9页calf are doing fine,”said Jordan, the owner of Animal Adventure Park.People in Harpursville now hope the attention that April (28)_____ (draw) will translate into an economic development for the area. Harpursville was once a manufacturing base, but it has struggled financially in recent years.Fortunately, there are already signs (29)_____ April’s fame is breathing new life into the area. Dozens of families recently arrived at the animal park after hours of driving, only (30)_____ (find) it closed for the winter. A nearby hotel has booked more than 100 reservations for a package that includes admission to the park when it reopens in May.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.高三英语共32页第10页Company Builds W orld’s First AutomobileVending Machine (自动贩卖机)Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world’s first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville, Tennessee. It’s quick,easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their 31 car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level.高三英语共32页第11页“Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi-story structure that delivers our customers’ cars by merely 32 a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) 33 point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling 34 pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get 35 tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means thed e l i v e r y c o s t s a r e w o r k e d i n t o t h e36 of the vehicle.高三英语共32页第12页But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win 37 that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2,000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great 38 experience – placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.“Carvana’s 39 is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, 40 just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase高三英语共32页第13页that best fits the context.Stay out of the Sun to Look YoungForget drinking countless glasses of water or getting your beauty sleep. The secret of looking young is simply to stay out of the sun. A study of hundreds of women has revealed that those who avoided the sun’s rays looked up to 20 years younger than they actually are.However, other supposed rules for a youthful complexion(肤色), from drinking lots of water to sleeping well and exercising regularly, failed to 41 the hands of time. Only keeping out of the sun, and wearing sunscreen when this wasn’t possible, made a 42 , the American Academy of Dermatology’s annual conference will hear today. The interesting 43 comes from a study of 231 women of all ages who were quizzed about their lives, including whether they were sun-lovers. When researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital in the US –commissioned by skincare firm Olay – guessed how old the women were, they found those who 44 in the sun tended to have aged more slowly. A lucky four had so few wrinkles and 45 spots, and such a fresh complexion, that they appeared to be a full two decades younger than they really were.Researcher Dr Alexa Kimball, a professor of dermatology(皮肤医学), said the 46 advice that we drink lots of water to stay healthy is actually a myth(谬见), and the body is ‘pretty good’ at judging how much we need.Previous research by the British Nutrition Foundation reached a 47 conclusion. Experts there said: ‘Just drinking water for the sake of drinking water really has no effect on improving the appearance of skin.’It isn’t clear why the women who 48 well didn’t have younger-looking skin. But it may be that the高三英语共32页第14页question they were asked was too 49 and didn’t take into account their long-term sleep patterns.A second study, also by Olay, suggested that low-level day to day exposure to the sun is more ageing than 50 , intense exposure. Finally, DNA exami nation of tiny samples of the women’s skin helped understand the 51 done by the sun. A gene called CDKN2A was more active in facial skin that is exposed to the elements than in samples taken from the bottoms. This gene was also more active in women who said they loved the 52 – and in those who looked older. Dr Kimball said CDKN2A activity is a 53 that a cell is ‘tired out’ and urged women should protect their skin year round and not just when on a beach holiday.Dr Frauke Neuser, principal scientist at Olay, which has used the 54 to develop its latest face creams, said: ‘This research gives us a detailed picture of the effect of sun exposure on skin ageing and illustrate the importance of protection on a 55 basis.’41. A. add to B. benefit from C. depend on D. hold back42. A. mistake B. proposal C. difference D. comment43. A. finding B. suggestion C. prospectD. possibility44. A. cheered up B. were exposed C. made trouble D. took care45. A. age B. trouble C. scenicD. weak46. A. faulty B. popular C. helpfulD. conflicting47. A. better B. similar C. falseD. satisfactory48. A. ate B. exercised C. actedD. slept高三英语共32页第15页49. A. hard B. apparent C. narrowD. serious50. A. occasional B. limited C. potentialD. initial51. A. good B. damage C. treatmentD. miracle52. A. beauty B. water C. skinD. sun53. A. trend B. possibility C. signD. chance54. A. product B. research C. approachD. sample55. A. temporary B. personal C. dailyD. strictSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Mickey Mouse and Shrek are just a couple of the American animated(动画的) characters loved the world over. And they are examples of the evolution of animation, which has brought unique new life to the film industry.Among the first American animated films was Light of the Moon, a silent movie produced in 1911 using silhouette(剪影) animation, where the characters are represented only as black silhouettes.The real breakthrough for American animation came with Steamboat Willie, created by Walt Disney and released in 1928. It was the first animated film to be accompanied by sound, and its main star, Mickey Mouse, became one of the most loveable and enduring animated characters ever created. Disney also created the first American高三英语共32页第16页full-length animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Released in 1937, it enjoyed worldwide box-office success.Disney’s extremely careful attention to high-quality detail in the thousands of hand-painted drawings required at that time to make an animated film elevated this film technique to the level of a serious art form.Clay animation is a type of stop-motion animation using forms made of clay. Clay animation films have been produced in the United States since 1908. But this form of animation only won wide popular appeal in 1955 with a short film called Gumbasia, created by Art Clokey.Computer-generated imagery, or CGI, brought animation to a new level of artistry and realism. Used in film since the 1960s, CGI animation began to develop rapidly in the mid-1990s. Toy Story, released in 1995 and created by Pixar and Disney Studios, was the first completely computer-generated animated feature film.In 2001, DreamWorks and Pacific Data Images released Shrek, the first computer-animated feature film to win an Oscar. Shrek returned in 2004 with his talking donkey, his princess bride Fiona and an army of fairy-tale characters in Shrek 2. Hugely popular, that film became the highest-grossing(票房最高的) animated film of all time.In addition to strictly animated movies, animation has been mixed into films showing live actors as well. Who can forget the terrifyingly real dinosaurs thundering through Steven Spielberg’s Jurassic Park movies and the actors they chased? Thanks to the powerful capabilities of today’s computers and the unlimited imagination of American filmmakers, animation will be entertaining audiences worldwide for a long time to come.高三英语共32页第17页56. The passage is mainly about the _____ of animation.A. influenceB. popularityC. charactersD. development57. Which film marked the beginning of the complete digital age of American animation?A. Light of the Moon.B. Steamboat Willie.C. Toy Story.D. Shrek.58. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. Disney played a very important role in promoting animationB. computers make animated characters more lovelyC. Jurassic Park movies involve only live actorsD. clay animation enjoys long-lasting popularity59. What can be inferred about the future of animation from the passage?A. Animation will forever remain an essential form of entertainment.B. Animation will be replaced by new forms of films in the near future.C. Animation will continuously gain new life due to computers and imagination.D. Animation will get more popular in the future for the developing film technology.（B）高三英语共32页第18页The Puffing Billy Railway, located about 40km east of Melbourne, was constructed in the early 1900s to open up remote areas. The present line between Belgrave and Gembrook travels through the forests and farmlands of the magnificent Dandenong Ranges. Today, this non-profit Railway operates almost daily thanks to the tireless efforts of more than 900 dedicated volunteers.高三英语共32页第19页60. The above information is mainly intended for _____.高三英语共32页第20页A. international tourists in AustraliaB. potential travellers of the steam trainsC. local residents in Dandenong RangesD. volunteers on the Puffing Billy Railway61. People are not permitted to bring _____ onto the excursion trains.A. pramsB. guide dogsC. wheelchairsD. alcohol62. What can be learned from the above information?A. Taking photos is forbidden on most excursion trains.B. Toilets for the disabled are not available at all stations.C. Foreign visitors to Australia can also get concession fares.D. One can get tickets at a lower price as long as he books in advance.（C）Academic learning is usually in the spotlight at school, but teaching elementary-age students高三英语共32页第21页“soft” skills like self-control and how to get along with others might help to keep at-risk kids out of criminal trouble in the future, a study finds.Duke University researchers looked at a program called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s for children who were identified by their teachers and parents to be at high risk for developing aggressive behavioral problems.The students were randomized into two groups; half took part in the intervention (干预), which included a teacher-led curriculum, parent training groups, academic tutoring and lessons in self-control and social skills. The program, which lasted from first grade through tenth grade, reduced arrests and use of health and mental health services as the students aged through adolescence and young adulthood, as researchers explained in a separate study.In the latest study, researchers looked at the “why” behind those previous findings. In looking at the data from nearly 900 students, the researchers found that about a third of the impact on future crime outcomes was due to the social and self-regulation skills the students learned from ages 6 to 11.The academic skills that were taught as part of Fast Track turned out to have less of an impact on crime than did the soft skills, which are associated with emotional intelligence.“The conclusion that we would make is that these soft skills should be emphasized even more in our education system and in our system of socializing children,” says Kenneth Dodge, a professor at Duke who was a principal investigator in this study as well as in the original Fast Track project. Parents should do all they can to promote these skills with their children, Dodge says, as should education policymakers.To Neil Bernstein, a psychologist in Washington, D.C., who specializes in child and adolescent高三英语共32页第22页behavior disorders, the researchers’ findings seem to match what he’s seen among the general public in working with children for more than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the importance of teaching self-control and social skills, he would add empathy to the list, too.“Empathy is what make s us aware of the feelings of others, and when you’re empathic, you’re much less likely to hurt someone else’s feelings,” says Bernstein, who serves on the advisory board for the Partnership for Drug-Free Kids. “Being in tune with how someone else feels might also make adolescents avoid bullying and other behaviors of concern,” Bernstein says.While Bernstein thinks the study’s findings are meaningful and could potentially serve as a model for schools, he says that collectively getting a school system, teachers, parents and students all motivated enough to take part in an intervention like Fast Track is challenging.63. Fast Track is aimed to _____.A. improve children’s academic skillsB. help the children with behavior disordersC. identify the problematic childrenD. classify children into different groups64. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____.A. empathic children are more likely to have higher emotional intelligenceB. the findings of the studies disagree with what he has found in his workC. empathy is equally essential in educating and socializing childrenD. self-control and social skills are not as important as empathy65. What can be learned from the passage?A. It’s hard to involve everyone concerned in applying the findings.B. Soft skills were not part of the education system in the past.高三英语共32页第23页C. The findings are meaningless unless guided by Fast Track.D. Adolescence is the most critical stage in a person’s life.66. What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Academic skills are paid too much attention at schools.B. Academic skills have no influence on children’s behaviors.C. Soft skills are much harder to develop than academic skills.D. Soft skills play a significant role in preventing future crimes.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler高三英语共32页第24页number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.67 Among the researchers are Karen Fuson, a professor in the School of Education at Northwestern University, and Li Yeping, an expert on Chinese math education at Texas A&M University.Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one”–spoken with the “t e n”f i r s t.68English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法). 69It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten”addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.70Many teachers in America have increased instruction in the make-a-ten method and called for first-graders to use it to add and subtract.Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!高三英语共32页第25页IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.From Burn Survivor to Global InspirationLast October, the Kona Ironman World Championship witnessed an unbelievable finish. Turia Pitt, an Australian woman who suffered severe burns when caught in a bush fire during a marathon six years ago, successfully challenged herself.Pitt spent 864 days in a hospital and went through more than 200 operations. Doctors said she would never run again, but she proved them wrong.Crossing the line in the Hawaiian darkness, Pitt showed incredible emotion as the race commentator (现场解说员) announced: “Turia Pitt, you are an ironman!”On social media, people around the world applauded her determination.Apart from continuing to be a star athlete, Pitt is also a motivational speaker now. She is sharing her journey of recovery with others to help raise awareness about the importance of organ donation, which she believes saved her life.Pitt was 24 years old when she and five others encountered the fire. Doctors had to remove the burnt skin and replace it with donated skin that could fight infection. None could be found in Australia and doctors were forced to search abroad. They finally found skin that could be used in the United States.“I’m not being dramatic, but it was the skin that saved my life,” said Pitt. “I decided to live my life to the best of my abilities because I never wanted those donors, wherever they are, to think I was ungrateful for their gift.”So Pitt set herself a big goal: the Kona高三英语共32页第26页Ironman World Championship. In order to compete, she had to first learn how to stand, walk and even talk all over again. And because of her burns, she also has trouble sweating and regulating her body temperature.Despite these disadvantages, Pitt completed the race in just 14 hours. She said this achievement would not be possible without the donated skin, highlighting the importance of organ donation.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。

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