定语从句讲解
(完整版)定语从句讲解总结

(完整版)定语从句讲解总结定语从句讲解⼀.定语从句1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语⽆论多长都放在被修饰词的前⾯,⽽英语中的定语则不然,是⼀个词时,放在被修饰词的前⾯,如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后⾯,如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红⾐的⼥孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位⼥⼠背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的⼈。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句⼦缺少成分。
如上⾯第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选⽤关系代词 who(whom)放置于句⾸,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.⼆.定语从句(从句部分)1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先⾏词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先⾏词(1)先⾏词⼀般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先⾏词,⼈称代词也同样可作先⾏词。
(2)先⾏词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先⾏词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先⾏词⽽定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句⼦中充当了成分,其意思就是先⾏词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)

定语从句专题讲解课件(共53张PPT)whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.有时只能⽤that,不⽤which,常见的情况有六种:当先⾏词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。
1).That’sallthatIknow.2).IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?3).Heans weredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2).Thefirstt hingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先⾏词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。
1).That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.2).Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.2.当先⾏词被形容词最⾼级或序数词修饰时1).ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.5.先⾏词同时包括⼈或物时,关系词⽤that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeeta restandingbythegate.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?4.当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句的关系词⽤that,⽽不⽤which或who.关系代词只⽤which不⽤that情况1.关系代词前有介词。
定语从句句法讲解

定语从句(一)定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,它的作用相当于一个形容词,也叫形容词从句(由一个句子来充当定语,叫定语从句)(如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面)Eg. The book (that he bought yesterday) is worth reading先行词 关系词The girl (who is standing there) is my good friend.先行词 在句子中作成分(二)先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词,先行词可指人或物。
(三)关系词:一.定义:引导定语从句的连接词(引导词)被称为关系词二.作用 引导定语从句连接主句和从句代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分三.分类及其用法:关系代词:定语 主、宾、表(其中who whom whose 指人, which 指物, that 指人或物)关系副词: when where why时间状语 地点状语 原因状语表格A .关系代词用法:1.which(whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在原来位置上 也可放在其前面,在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上2.只能用that,不用which 的情况(1)先行词前有序数词(数词)或最高级修饰时The first place that we visited in Beijing is the Great wallTom is the cleverest student in his class(2)先行词是不定代词时(something, anything, nothing, all, none, some, little 等)Miss Zhang has told us something that we should do in the holiday.I like all the book that you lent me last week.(3)先行词既有人又有物时They think of people and things that happened in their childhoodThe school and children that he loves moved to another country.(4)先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the last, just 等修饰时The only furniture that he has in the room is a desk(5)先行词有who (或whom )时Who is the man that is reading a book over there?Who that break the window should be punished . 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Whom that you talked to must be Tom.(6)there be 结构中,先行词指物时There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.(7)先行词指物,在主句中做表语时This is the book that you borrowed from library(8)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略It was the way that he solved the problems(9) 先行词为that, this, those 或these且指人时Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。
定语从句超详细讲解

定语从句超详细讲解什么是定语从句定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来对所修饰的名词或代词进行进一步的说明或限制。
定语从句通常由关系词引导,在句中充当修饰成分。
关系词的种类常见的关系词有:who, whom, whose, which, that。
关系词根据在从句中的作用,可分为主格关系词、宾格关系词和属格关系词。
- 主格关系词:who, which- 宾格关系词:whom, which- 属格关系词:whose, of which定语从句结构定语从句的基本结构为:关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分。
根据所修饰的名词在定语从句中的作用,可分为三种结构:1. 主语关系从句:关系词在从句中作主语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:The book which is on the table is mine.(在桌子上的那本书是我的。
)2. 宾语关系从句:关系词在从句中作宾语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:She has a brother whom I have never met.(她有个兄弟我从未见过。
)3. 定语关系从句:关系词在从句中作定语,修饰前面的名词。
- 例:I live in a house whose roof is red.(我住在一座房子里,它的屋顶是红色的。
)定语从句的使用注意事项- 关系词指代的是先行词,要保持一致性。
例如,主格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人;宾格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是人或物;属格关系词引导的从句,先行词也应该是有所属关系的事物。
- 关系词在从句中可省略,但要根据上下文的需要决定是否省略。
定语从句的练题1. The girl _______ is my sister. (who/whom/which/that)2. The man _______ I talked to is the boss. (who/whom/which/that)3. She is the girl _______ mother works at the hospital.(who/whom/whose/which/that)4. The car _______ is parked outside is mine. (who/which/that)5. The book _______ you borrowed from the library is overdue. (whose/which/that)答案:1. who2. whom3. whose4. that5. which以上就是定语从句的超详细讲解。
定语从句语法讲解

定语从句语法讲解定语从句语法讲解“定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句),是指一类由关系词(英语:relative word)引导的从句,因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语,所以曾被称为定语从句,下面店铺为大家带来的定语从句语法讲解!一、知识点梳理充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,由一定的连接词引导,连接词称为关系代词(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)1、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。
若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。
(此类定语从句前后没有逗号)【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。
⑵非限定性定语从句与先行词之间的关系比较松散,只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。
若省去,剩余部分意义仍然完整,表达清楚。
(此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开)【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are verymarvelous.你的作品人人欣赏,实在是太了不起了。
Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a greatwriter.莎士比亚是个伟大的作家,他的剧作很受欢迎。
⑶某些情况下,一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句,又可以作为非限定性定语从句,但二者含义有差别。
【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China.这里有十辆中国制造的车。
(这里可能还有其他的车) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 这里有十辆车,它们都是中国制造的。
定语从句知识点讲解

定语从句知识点讲解定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
它常常用来给出详细的描述、限制或补充说明,以便读者可以更好地理解主句中的名词或代词。
以下是几个关于定语从句的重要知识点:1.引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词:- 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, which, that(指人或物)- 关系副词有:when, where, why(指时间、地点、原因)2.关系代词的选择:- 指人的先用who,做宾语用whom,所有格用whose,作主语用that (在口语中who/that可通用)- 指物的先用which,作宾语用which,作主语用that(在口语中which/that可通用)-当关系代词作主语时,可以省略(不可以省略的情况:关系代词后有逗号分隔、定语从句修饰不止一个名词)3.定语从句的位置:-定语从句通常紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面4.定语从句的种类:-限制性定语从句:不使用逗号分隔,修饰的内容是对名词或代词进行必要的限制和定义-非限制性定语从句:使用逗号分隔,修饰的内容是对名词或代词进行额外的说明,可以省略,不对整个句子的意思产生重要影响5.关系副词的使用:- when:指时间,修饰表示时间的名词- where:指地点,修饰表示地点的名词- why:指原因,修饰表示原因的名词6.注意定语从句的时态和语态一致:-如果主句是过去时,则定语从句通常使用过去时-如果主句是现在时,则定语从句通常使用一般现在时-如果主句是将来时,则定语从句通常使用一般将来时-如果主句是被动语态,则定语从句通常使用被动语态以上是定语从句的一些基本知识点,掌握了这些内容,可以更好地理解和运用定语从句。
当然,在实际运用中还需多加练习,不断积累。
定语从句讲解

二.语法讲解:定语从句I.定义1.什么叫作定语从句?定语从句(Attributive Clauses)由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
2.什么叫作关系词?引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, whic h, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:①引导定语从句。
②代替先行词。
③在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
3.什么叫作定语?定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任。
此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
4.什么叫作先行词?先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
II关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致1.who(主格,在定语从句中做主语), whom(宾格,做宾语),两者“代替的是人”。
(1) Is he the man who wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗?(who在从句中作主语)(2) He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom在从句中作宾语,可省略)2.whose是所有格,用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of whic h互换)(1) They rushed over to help the man whose c ar had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
定语从句讲解(完整版)

定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构,用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中,定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面,我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词,即被修饰的名词或代词;关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来;从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词:先行词通常是名词或代词,它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)2. 关系词:关系词用于引导定语从句,并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)3. 从句:从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如:那本书很有趣。
)The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.(正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
)二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句:限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用,即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后,且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如: The book that you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。
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定语从句讲解1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,如:①.a beautiful girl②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,如:③.She is the girl in red.她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of mon ey.那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are look ing for.她就是你在找的人。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首,便是定语从句。
3、从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第 5 题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them)in China.4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as.关系副词:when, where, why. (that 偶尔也作关系副词。
)5、确定关系词的步骤(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that 而不用which(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of 等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all 、much、little 、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(5)当主句中含有疑问词which 时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、 指物时,宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况(1) (2) (3) (4) 关系词 who 与 that 指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词 ( 1)当主句是 there be 句型时,关系词用 who 。
( 2)先行词是为 anyone 、those 、 someone 、everyone 、one 等词时,关系词用 ( 3)当主句是 who 作疑问词时,关系词用 that 。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window? ( 4)whom 在从句中只作宾语,可被 who 取代。
whose 作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
如: Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、 关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1) 先行词被 such/as/so 和the same 修饰,或句型 as many (much )中,作定语时,从句都用 Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 注意:区别① such/as/so …that … 及the same …that …引导的结果状语从句。
They are such lovely children that we love them much.②such/as/so … as …及 the same …as … 弓丨导定语从句。
I want to use the same tool as you used just now. (2) 先行词为一句话时,定语从句用 as 和which 引导。
区别:①意义上:as 含有"这点正如 ..... 一样”。
②位置上:as 从句可置句首,也可在另处 (which 不能放在句首) 。
He didn ' t pass the exam, as we had expected. There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、 关系副词 when 与 where 、 why 、 (that ) when 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere 指地点 = in / at / from / which why 指原因 = for which当先行词为 way 、day 、reason 、time 时,可用 that 作关系副词。
(非正式场合) I don ‘ t like the way that / in which / x he talks. 当 time 作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、 必须注意的问题( 1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
( 2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
① 定语从句中关系词作从句成分,复合句。
② 强调句中 it 无意义, that / who 不是引导词。
后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
在非限制性定语从句中 在关系词前有介词时 当先行词本身是 that 时 当关系词离先行词较远时 8、9、 ③强调句中 it is / was 和 that / who ( 3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词, ②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词, that 充当主语、宾语、表语。
有时可省略。
that 不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.( 同位语 ) We exp ressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语) ( 4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
who 。
as 引导。
① 关系词作宾语,前无介词时。
② 关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
( 6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词,关系词只能是(7)几个特殊的定语从句句型:① He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match. (句中 one 为先行词) He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match. (句中 students 为先行词) ② Is this place the one (that ) we visited yesterday?Is this the place (that / which )we visited yesterday ?③ He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.④ It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.精典名题导解选择填空1. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where 2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What 3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ___ A.which B.where C.that D.when定语从句的“干扰”作用定语从句,就其功能来说,在整个句子中相当于一个形容词,对某一名词或代词起着修饰作用,作定语。
在掌握它的各种功能的同时,我们还要注意到含有定语从句的句子在补充信息的同时,关系词与其他连词容 易混淆,尤其是与其他句式的结合,更使得整个句子显得扑朔迷离,使考生感到无从下手,我们说此时定语 从句起的是干扰作用。
本文结合具体例子来谈此种现象。
一、 把定语从句与强调句型混为一谈,从而构成相互干扰。
本句型变化的特征在被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词,附上修饰该部分的定语从句,这样整个句 子结构就变得非常复杂。
例如:1.—— He was nearly drowned once.—— When was ________ ?—— ___ was in 1998 ______ he was in middle school.A. that; It; whenB. this; This; whenC. this; It; thatD. that; It; that在下面的两个句子里,划线部分均为起干扰性的定语从句。