(完整word版)2001年英语专业八级真题及答案
2001年英语专业八级真题及答案发表评论(0)编辑词条目录••Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)••Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)••Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)••Part Ⅳ Translation (60 min)[显示全部]Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min) 编辑本段回目录In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully a nd then answer the questions that follow. Mark the corre ct response to each ques tion on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you w ill be given 15 seconds to answer each of the fo llowing five questions. Now list en to the talk.1. Changes in the size of the World Bank’s operations refer to ___.A. the expansion of its loan programmeB. the inclusion of its hard loansC. the inclusion of its soft loansD. the previous lending policies2. What actually made the Bank change its overall lending strategy?A. Reluctance of people in poor countries to have small families.B. Lack of basic health services and inequality in income distribution.C. The discovery that a low fertility rate would lead to economic development.D. Poor nutrition and low literacy in many poor countries of the world.3. The change in emphasis of the Bank’s lending policies meant that the Bank would ___.A. be more involved in big infrastructure projectsB. adopt similar investment strategies in poor and rich countriesC. embark upon a review of the investment in huge dams and steel m illsD.invest in projects that would benefit the low-income sector of soci ety4. Which of the following is NOT a criticism of the bank?A. Colossal travel expenses of its staff.B. Fixed annual loans to certain countries.C. Limited impact of the Bank’s projects.D. Role as a financial deal maker.5. Throughout the talk, the speaker is ___ while introducing the Wor ld Bank.A. biasedB. unfriendlyC. objectiveD. sensationalSECTION B CONVERSATIONQuestions 6 to 10 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation yo u will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the conversatio n.6. The man sounds surprised at the fact that ___.A. many Australians are taking time off to travelB. the woman worked for some time in New ZealandC. the woman raised enough money for travelD. Australians prefer to work in New Zealand7. We learn that the woman liked Singapore mainly because of its___.A. cleannessB. multi-ethnicityC. modern characteristicsD. shopping opportunities8. From the conversation we can infer that Kaifeng and Yinchuan impressed the woman with their ___A. respective locationsB. historic interestsC. ancient tombsD. Jewish descendants9. Which of the following words can best describe the woman’s feelings a bout Tibet?A. Amusement.B. Disbelief.C. Ecstasy.D. Delig ht10. According to the conversation, it was___that made the woman ready to stop traveling.A. the unsettledness of travelB. the difficulties of trekkingC. the loneliness of travelD. the unfamiliar environmentSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 and 12 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the quest ions. Now listen to the news.11. Mike Tyson was put in prison last August because he ___.A. violated the traffic lawB. illegally attacked a boxerC. attacked sb. after a traffic accidentD. failed to finish his contract12. The license granted to Tyson to fight will be terminated ___.A. by the end of the yearB. in over a yearC. in AugustD. in a few weeksQuestion 13 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you wil l be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.13. The Russian documents are expected to draw great attention because ___.A. they cover the whole story of the former US presidentB. the assassin used to live in the former Soviet unionC. they are the only official documents released about KennedyD. they solved the mystery surrounding Kennedy’s assassinationQuestion 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. New listen to the news.14. In the recent three months, Hong Kong’s unemployment rate has ___.A. increased slowlyB. decreased graduallyC. stayed steadyD. become unpredictable15. According to the news, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Business conditions have worsened in the past three months.B. The past three months have seen a declining trend in job offers.C. The rise of unemployment rate in some sectors equals the fall in others.D. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the economy remains uncha nged.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill each of gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically a cceptable.The Press ConferenceThe press conference has certain advantages. The first advant age lies with the(1)___ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to 1.___submit to scrutiny by responding to various questions at a press con ference.Secondly, statements previously made at a press conference ca n be used as a(2)___ in judging following statements or policies. Moreover, in case2.___of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the news to groups of reporters.However, from the point of view of (3)___, the press confer ence 3.___possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its(4)___ and news source. 4 .___The provider virtually determines the manner in which a pres s conference proceeds. This, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n)(5) ___ , as can 5.___be seen on live broadcasts of news conferences.Factors in getting valuable information preparation: a need to keep u p to date on journalistic subject matter;―(6)___ of the news source: 6.___1 ) news source’s (7)___ to 7.___provide information;2)news-gathering methods.Conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the information provided by a news source―not knowing the required information;―knowing and willing to share the information, but without(8)___ sk ills; 8.___―knowing the information, but unwilling to share;―willing to share, but unable to recall.(9)___ of questions asked 9.___Ways of improving the questions:no words with double meanings;no long questions;―specific time, place, etc.;―(10)___ questions; 10.___―clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.改错Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min) 编辑本段回目录The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following w ay. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and wri te the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. Fo r a missing word, mark the position of the missing wo rd with a “∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’an d put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never t hem on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an ex hibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.__ _favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4 .___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting r ich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___ but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federa l 8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___ appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 1 0.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解APart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)编辑本段回目录SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mar k answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea an d tried to make i tself into an entertainment centre. ”say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try , to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination a gain.”To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instruc ted member nati ons to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its mo st popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Be cause of Br itain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don ’t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of pe ople actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d h ardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicro us situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing bea ches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straigh t into the se a. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European U nion, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the who le of Blackpool and neighb ouring communities. The facility came online in June 1 996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rath er elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and negle cted. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overha ul anyway, ”says Wood, “so we decided to make aestheti c improvements at the s ame time, to try to draw people back to it.”Blackpool rec e ntly spent about .4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seat ing around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comforta bly the entire populace of northern En gland. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that c rowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and hasbeen visiting Bl ackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come f or the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a san dcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.”W elsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in t he middle of summe r. I counted just 13 people scattered along a h alf mile or so of open sand. Exce pt for those rare times when ho t weather and a public holiday coincide, it is li ke this nearly a lways now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we w er e young.”Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat . Now children don ’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness kn ows what else.”She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see thos e days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,”I pointed out.“For the moment, ”Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, th en went back to th e town centre and treated myself to a large po rtion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in B lackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invita t ion to a heart attack, but it w as delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was se tting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water h iss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the str eets were beginning to fill with happy evening th rongs. In the purply light of d usk the town looked peaceful and h appy ―enchanting even ―and there was an engaging air of expecta ncy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I r ealized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool __ _.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning aga inst generalizin g. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each o ther, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Mal aysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a ver y different story. ) In each ca se investors――mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans ――all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a co mbined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked in vestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to conve rt baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and compa nies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support th eir currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bu st from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’s plit the difference ――and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Lik e most cliches, the catchphrase“crony capitalism”has prospered because it gets at something r e al: excessively cozy relationships between government and business real ly did l ead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive fina ncial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investme nts that look fool ish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the polic y response mainl y on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shift ing when everything in Asia s eemed to be going wrong: now there i s a race to claim credit when some things ha ve started to go rig ht. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recov e ry――and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all ―― a s proof that its policy recommendations w ere right. Never mind that other IMF cli ents have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia ――which refused IM F help, an d horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ――also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full cr e dit for any good n ews――even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bo ttomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind woul d probably concl ude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s adv i ce made much difference either way. Budget policies, interes t rate policies, ban king reform ――whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative po wers of the econo mies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who p urp orted to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, th ey were l ike medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remed y for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exac tly what you me an by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-cr isi s level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Kor ea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsa yer. So if by recovery you mean not just a retur n to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the wri ter’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendati ons ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a f ull reco very of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think o f is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. M ore broadly, though, migrat ion means all the ways――from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Eu ropeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is som e 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous sh uffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: every one’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called“one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promise s to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying toread goes back to long before even the first word was written , an d it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Ce ntral Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drop s of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long pa ths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out wh ere they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out , driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happ en. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to m ake them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cu ltures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. T he first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called bar barians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly pr ofound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent s laves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor o f political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars dro ve refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conque rors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic i nnovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,”Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in t he pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon i zers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events and migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course , either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conve ntions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries touse them as well as he can. But often, especially with original art ists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a la nguage, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the la nguage and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearin g his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of d evelopment has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time toget through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in th is struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audi ence. Many artists and scientists share this fundamentalunconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. The y may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so forma l, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these indi viduals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work,the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often aff ects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public d epends on the actual communicationsystem: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientif ic conventions, and the institutions through which the communication w ill be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almos t infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system out side him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication s ystem which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make activ e use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to thems elves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composi tion involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasp ed it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already pr esent in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to u nderstand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back a t a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d incommon, in their actual work, and in what is called their “struct ure of feeling”, with other individual workers of the time, and wit h the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to ge t through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult t o recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in cre ativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is I NCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original i ndividu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same period。
2001年英语专业八级考试全真试题(5)
2001年英语专业八级考试全真试题(5)试卷二（120 min）Part Ⅳ Translation （60 min）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following underlined part of the text into English. Write your t ranslation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说："有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
我认为的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。
"钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
乔羽说： "钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是的趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
"SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Writer your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighbo rhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline o f heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more impor tant efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life- engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfactio n we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleas u re of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the factthat it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without diffi culty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the roles. It is e asier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly ar bitrary roles, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.Part Ⅴ Writing （60 min）The Internet is about to take off in China. As many as 9 million people are online, a number that is estimated to hit 20 million by the end of 2000. It is predicted that this phenomenal growth will have great impact on our society and economy. Choose ONE aspect of our society or economy where you think the impact will be most strongly felt, and write an essay of about 300 words entitled.THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON ......In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate deta ils. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclu sion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failur e to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。
专八考试2001-2007真题阅读原文详析
2001年阅读真题详析TEXT A Blackpool changed back to a family vacation destination with a beach重点词汇：1）neglect n. vt. 忽视, 疏忽, 忽略No country can afford to neglect任何国家都不容忽视教育. 词汇扩展：ignore 故意忽视neglectful 忽视的不注意的be neglectful of one’s appearance 不注意某人的外表negligence 疏忽大意2）mild adj. 温和的, 柔和的He has a mild nature他性格温和3）conform to 遵从, 符合The building does not conform to safety regulations.4) comply vi. 顺从, 遵照Everyone should comply with the law. 同义词：abide by If you join the club you must abide by its rules.5) novel 新奇的新的词汇扩展：novelty n. 新奇, 新奇的事物Showoffs never miss an opportunity to draw attention to themselves by some outrageous novelty 爱显示自己的人遇事总喜欢标新立异。
6) contend v. 斗争, 辩论 A hundred schools of thought contend. 百家争鸣。
7) ludicrous adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的同义词：ridiculous absurd preposterous8) discharge raw sewage straight into the sea 将污水未经处理直接排入大海9）waste-treatment facility 废物处理设施10）promenade n. 散步, 散步场所 A shady public walk or promenade 林荫路有林荫的公用步行道或散步区11) tatty adj. 不整洁的, 简陋的12) a thorough overhaul 一次彻底的整改overhaul 大修The old car needs an overhaul. 13）Victorian times 维多利亚女王时期the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 until her death on the 22nd of January 190114）aesthetic adj. 美学的, 审美的, 有美感的n. (复数)审美观The play was an aesthetic success这部戏剧是个艺术上的成功15) kiosk 亭报刊亭电话亭同义词：booth, stand16）vendor 小商贩词汇扩展：vending machine 自动贩卖机17）amenity projects 便利设施项目18）populace 大众平民Populace in China live a very happy life now。
英语专业八考试全真试卷
2001年英语专业八级考试全真试卷改错Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/’ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitDuring the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.___they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.___favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.___not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.___were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.___On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.___but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.___least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.___appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.___buy, sell, and set prices.阅读理解APart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now t he thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a fami ly destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mil d ly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nations to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness wi thin ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of conte nding that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beach es at all. Be cause of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and most people don’t go in above their knees anyway-and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the y ear, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain ha d hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in w hich Luxembourg had mere listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the Uni ted Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the sea. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European Union, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the whole of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front me re visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, ha d become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway,”says Wood,“so we decided to make aesthetic improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool recently spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seating around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years a go is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comfortably the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it,“ you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that crowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Blackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a sandcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.” Welsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summer. I counted just 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Except for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is like this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we were young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don’t want the beach. They want arcadegame s and rides in helicopters and goodness knows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see those days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointed out.“For the moment, ” Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to the town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an inv itation to a heart attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was setting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water hiss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the streets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of dusk the town looked peaceful and happy — enchanting even — and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I realized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxumbourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story. ) In each ca se investors——mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans——all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panicked investors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’s plit the difference——and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most cliches, the catchphrase“ crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozyrelationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asia n business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence . But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recovery——and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all ——as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia ——which refused IM F help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls ——also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news——even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, ban king reform —— whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you me an by “full”. South K orea’s industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korea n industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The book he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how im portant migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushedtheir bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, playtheir music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of feeling”, with o ther individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the society阅读理解BSECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.A. review some newly-published interior-design booksB. explore the potential market for interior-design booksC. persuade people to buy some good booksD. stress the importance of reading good booksNow go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31.Do your relationships keep failing? When you leave your home in the morning are you already feeling stressed? Is there no time in your life for fun any more? Cancel your appointment with the doctor. What you need is a good interior-des ign book. Publishers have created a new genre of books for the home, titles that go beyond paint charts and superficial style and instead show you how your home can be transformed and even heal your life.Dawna Walter is one of the authors leading the way in Britain with her boo k Organized Living that attempts to show how even a tidy sock drawer can improve the quality of your life. Walter is the owner of the Holding Company, a shop on London’s Kings Road which sells hundreds of storage ideas for the home. It has been such a hit that Walter is planning to open four new outlets in the near fu ture. Born in America, Dawna Walter is a fast talker, a self-confessed perfectio nis t, and a tidiness fundamentalist. “If it takes 10 minutes for you to find a matching pair of socks in the morning, then you are not in control and your outl ook just isn’t any good. Being organized saves you a couple of hours every week and gives you more time to do the things you enjoy, ”she explains.Her book contains dozens of ideas for streamlining your life. In the kitch en she recommends filing magazine recipes immediately, and organizing them by ty pes-of dishes or particular cooks, and using ice-cube trays to freeze sauces in individual portions. Her ideas seem common sense but nevertheless require you to be at least slightly obsessive. CDs are a case in point: “How often do you wan t to find one particular CD and can’t? Now, how much easier it would be if you p l aced them in alphabetical order? That will only take an hour. Then divide out th e ones you listen to regularly into a separate section. ”Another recent book in the British market was Sarah Shurety’s Chinese-ins p ired Feng Shui For Your Home. Within 14 days of publication every copy had been sold. Shurety’s room-by-room guide to creating a harmonious living space, based on the ancient Chinese tradition Feng Shui, contains rules for how to create the best atmosphere and promote health, wealth and happiness. Dinner party hosts ar e told to place quiet people at the head of the table and facing the door so tha t they will feel more garrulous; those looking for romance learn to place pink f lowers by their beds; and house-buyers are warned to beware of properties built on sloping foundations if they want stability in their lives.The book Creating Space , by Elizabeth Wilhide, claims that readers followin g its advice will not just improve their homes but transform their lives. Wilhid e believes that as we increasingly work from home, we need to reassess the way o ur houses work(especially when there are children in the household) if we want t o avoid being overran by junk and that feeling of “being mentally weighed down. ”Unfortunately, she admits, she finds it difficult to follow her own advice. She sheepishly confesses to having “dumping zones” in her house, a handbag “that doesn’t bear looking into”, and a car “that’s a no-go zone”But she is undau nted by these small failures. In the future, she says she is determined to tidy up he r own life and follow the path to stress-free health, wealth and happiness.TEXT FFirst read the question.32. The writer of the passage mainly intends to ___.A. criticize German y’s tax systemB. help companies ease their tax burdenC. examine the current corporate tax ratesD. propose ways to reform the tax systemNow go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 32.One major reason for Germany’s high unemployment and the evident weakness o f business investment is the nature of the tax system, which tends to discourage both individual effort and investment. Nominal corporate tax rates are, in fact , very high and it is these rates that potential investors primarily look at. Ho wever, the actual burden borne by companies is not as great as it might seem, be cause the tax base is fairly narrow. This combination in itself tend to encourag e tax avoidance at both the personal and corporate levels. Moreover, by internat ional standards, firms in Germany are still taxed quite heavily.A reform of corporate taxation, therefore, should start by, reducing tax r ates, cutting subsidies and broadening the taxable base. The resulting positive impact on growth would be reinforced if there were also a substantial easing of the net burden.How do the current plans for a reform of corporate taxation measure up to these goals? The overall tax burden on companies is to be brought down significa ntly, with the ceiling of 35 % being set. To this end, a dramatic reduction in t he corporate tax on retained earnings is planned. The related drop in revenues i s to be offset by changes in the rules governing tax breaks.An approach incorporating these basic features would be a welcome step. I f realized in its presents form, it should ensure that the objective of making t ax rates more attractive for businesses is achieved. At the same time, however, it would be unfortunate if an excessive broadening of the taxable base made it i mpossible to attain the equally important goal of providing relief.Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to spur investment and to cre ate new jobs, thus putting the economy on a higher growth path. The drop in reve nues caused by the tax relief granted to both companies and households would, in time, be at least partially offset by the larger volume of tax receipts produce d by economic growth. The gaps that remained should primarily be closed through spending cuts. If measure of this sort proved inadequate, then, as a last resort , an increase in indirect taxes could perhaps be considered.TEXT GFirst read the question.33. The following passage emphasizes the role of ___ in health conservation.A. advertisingB. researchC. governmentsD. taxationNow go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 33.Most of the ill health we suffer could be prevented if people made more effo rt to change their life styles. Instead many people continue to smoke, to drink excessively and to eat unbalanced diets. How can governments help people conserv e their health and avoid premature death?Well, many of the measures which need to be taken are primarily a matter of new legislation and need not be expensive. One of the first preventive health m easures should be an increase in。
2001年专业英语八级考试试题（4）
“being mentally weighed down. ” Unfortunately, she admits, she finds it difficult to follow her own advice. She sheepishly confesses to having “dumping zones” in her house, a handbag “that do esn’t bear looking into”, and a car “that’s a no-go zone” But she is undau nted by these small failures. In the future, she says she is determined to tidy up he r own life and follow the path to stress-free health , wealth and happiness.
how to create the best nd happiness. Dinner party hosts ar e told to place quiet people at the head of the table and facing the door so tha t they will feel more garrulous; those looking for romance learn to place pink f lowers by their beds; and house-buyers are warned to beware of properties built on sloping foundations if they want stability in their lives. The book Creating Space , by Elizabeth Wilhide, claims that readers followin g its advice will not just improve their homes but transform their lives. Wilhid e believes that as we increasingly work from home, we need to reassess the way o ur houses work(especially when there are children in the household) if we want t o avoid being overran by junk and that feeling of
01年英语专业八级考试全真试题(3)
01年英语专业八级考试全真试题(3)TEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the per manent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migrat ion means all the ways——from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakis tan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solutio n , everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, w ith its inevitable eco n omic and political turmoil, has been called“ one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventu re of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet , shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes, ”said Spencer Wells. The bo ok he’s trying toread goes back to long before even the first word was written , and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three collea gues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the p eople he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth.Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans t o find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basi c story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early huma ns hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have c ontinued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most resea rchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the E arth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, hum an beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions wi thout having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second , as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed betw een groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the pla net; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, peoplemoved t oward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that th en became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. F or a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in th e great world events. ”Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a prof essor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration . Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and ma de new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousand s or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivor s anywhere they could replant hope. “It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes t o Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the foll owing reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the pas sage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colon izers.26. There seems to be a（n）___ relationship between great events an d migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. rem oteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with original artists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at leas t of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, insocial thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has o ccurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many ar tists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which th eir work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. T he thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create condition s in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribut ion, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course thi ngs are not so formal, in reality. There is not society on the one hand and thes e individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways a nd in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to m ake his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language its elf, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institution s through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his act ual work canbe almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication s ystem outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication syste m which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this ki nd of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they fi rst show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that a ctive composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of pu tting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot e xplain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals ha d in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of fe e ling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that t ime to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society an d the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficultto be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creativ e work is that ___.A. they cave about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORR ECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the publ ic.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication syste m.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of socie ty.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individu als feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the societySECTION BTEXT EFirst read the question.31. The purpose of the passage is to ___.A. review some newly-published interior-design booksB. explore the potential market for interior-design booksC. persuade people to buy some good booksD. stress the importance of reading good booksNow go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31.Do your relationships keep failing? When you leave your home in the morning are you already feeling stressed? Is there no time in your life for fun any mor e? Cancel your appointment with the doctor. What you need is a good interior-des ign book. Publishers have created a new genre of books for the home, titles that go beyond paint charts and superficial style and instead show you how your home can be transformed and evenheal your life.Dawna Walter is one of the authors leading the way in Britain with her boo k Organized Living that attempts to show how even a tidy sock drawer can improve the quality of your life. Walter is the owner of the Holding Company, a shop on London’s Kings Road which sells hundreds of storage ideas for the home. It has been such a hit that Walter is planning to open four new outlets in the near fu ture. Born in America, Dawna Walter is a fast talker, a self-confessed perfectio nist, and a tidiness fundamentalist. “If it takes 10 minutes for you to find a matching pair of socks in the morning, then you are not in control and your outl ook just isn’t any good. Being organized saves you a couple of hours every week and gives you more time to do the things you enjoy, ”she explains.Her book contains dozens of ideas for streamlining your life. In the kitch en she recommends filing magazine recipes immediately, and organizing them by ty pes-of dishes or particular cooks, and using ice-cube trays to freeze sauces in individual portions. Her ideas seem common sense but nevertheless require you to be at least slightly obsessive. CDs are a case in point: “How often do you wan t to find one particular CD and can’t? Now, how much easier it would be if you p l aced them in alphabetical order? That will only take an hour. Then divide out th e ones you listen to regularly into a separate s ection. ”Another recent book in the British market was Sarah Shurety’s Chinese-ins p ired Feng Shui For Your Home. Within 14 days of publication every copy had been sold. Shurety’s room-by-room guide to creating a harmonious living space, based on the ancient Chinese tradition Feng Shui, contains rules for how to create the best atmosphere and promote health, wealth and happiness. Dinner party hosts ar e told to place quiet people at the head of the table and facing the door so tha t they will feel more garrulous; those looking for romance learn to place pink f lowers by their beds; and house-buyers are warned to beware of properties built on sloping foundations if they want stability in their lives.The book Creating Space , by Elizabeth Wilhide, claims that readers followin g its advice will not just improve their homes but transform their lives. Wilhid e believes that as we increasingly work from home, we need to reassess the way o ur houses work（especially when there are children in the household）if we want t o avoid being overran by junk and that feeling of “being mentally weighed down. ” Unfortunately, she admits, she finds it difficult to follow her own advice. She sheepishly confesses to having “dumping zones” in her house, a handbag “that do esn’t bear looking into”, and a car “that’s a no-go zone” But she is undau nted by these small failures. In the future, she says she is determined to tidy up he r own life and follow the path to stress-free health , wealth andhappiness.TEXT FFirst read the question.32. The writer of the passage mainly intends to ___.A. criticize Germany’s tax systemB. help companies ease their tax burdenC. examine the current corporate tax ratesD. propose ways to reform the tax systemNow go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 32.One major reason for Germany’s high unemployment and the evident weakness o f business investment is the nature of the tax system, which tends to discourage both individual effort and investment. Nominal corporate tax rates are, in fact , very high and it is these rates that potential investors primarily look at. Ho wever, the actual burden borne by companies is not as great as it might seem, be cause the tax base is fairly narrow. This combination in itself tend to encourag e tax avoidance at both the personal and corporate levels. Moreover, by internat ional standards, firms in Germany are still taxed quite heavily.A reform of corporate taxation, therefore, should start by, reducing tax r ates, cutting subsidies and broadening the taxable base. The resulting positive impact on growth would be reinforced if there were also a substantial easing of the net burden.How do the current plans for a reform of corporate taxation measureup to these goals? The overall tax burden on companies is to be brought down significa ntly, with the ceiling of 35 % being set. To this end, a dramatic reduction in t he corporate tax on retained earnings is planned. The related drop in revenues i s to be offset by changes in the rules governing tax breaks.An approach incorporating these basic features would be a welcome step. I f realized in its presents form, it should ensure that the objective of making t ax rates more attractive for businesses is achieved. At the same time, however, it would be unfortunate if an excessive broadening of the taxable base made it i mpossible to attain the equally important goal of providing relief.Comprehensive tax reform is needed in Germany to spur investment and to cre ate new jobs, thus putting the economy on a higher growth path. The drop in reve nues caused by the tax relief granted to both companies and households would, in time, be at least partially offset by the larger volume of tax receipts produce d by economic growth. The gaps that remained should primarily be closed through spending cuts. If measure of this sort proved inadequate, then, as a last resort , an increase in indirect taxes could perhaps be considered.。
2001年英语专业八级考试语言学试题.doc
2001年英语专业八级考试语言学试题及解析1. ______ is the study of how sentences are structured.A. Linguistics.B. Syntax.C. Phonology.D. Phonetics.2. _______ distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as langue and parole.A. Chomsky.B. Saussure.C. Gilman.D. Brown.3. Of the following words, _____ is an acronym.A. Marlboro.B. UN.C. Laser.D. WTO.2001年英语专业八级考试语言学试题答案与解析答案：1. B 2. B 3. C试题解析：1.研究句子结构的语言学分支称为句法学（syntax）。
故答案为B。
2.索绪尔（Saussure）被后人称为现代语言学之父，他把说话者的语言能力和语言的实际现象或语料区分为语言（langue）和言语（parole）。
乔姆斯基（Chomsky）是美国语言学家，他区分了语言能力（competence）和语言运用（performance）两个概念。
吉尔曼（Gilman）和布朗（Brown）都是社会语言学家。
故正确选项为B。
3. acronym为首字母缩略词，由一组词中各主要词的第一个字母缩合而成，朗读时可按普通发音规则来读，Laser就是以这种方式构成的，Laser=Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation受激光辐射式光频放大器。
Initialism首字母缩略式是由词的第一个字母或词组中各词的第一个字母缩合形成，缩略式中的每个字母要大写，朗读时按字母来读。
英语专业八级考试翻译历届试题及参考答案
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards andgardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
2001年八级试卷及答案
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.) 2001 TEXT A“Twenty years ago, Blackpool turned its back on the sea and tried to make itself into an entertainment centre.” say Robin Wood, a local official. “Now the thinking is that we should try, to refocus on the sea and make Blackpool a family destination again.” To say that Blackpool neglected the sea is to put it mildly. In 1976 the European Community, as it then was called, instructed member nations to make their beaches conform to certain minimum standards of cleanliness within ten years. Britain, rather than complying, took the novel strategy of contending that many of its most popular beaches were not swimming beaches at all. Because of Britain’s climate the sea-bathing season is short, and mos t people don’t go in above their knees anyway—and hence can’t really be said to be swimming. By averaging out the number of people actually swimming across 365 days of the year, the government was able to persuade itself, if no one else, that Britain had hardly any real swimming beaches.As one environmentalist put it to me: “You had the ludicrous situation in which Luxembourg had more listed public bathing beaches than the whole of the United Kingdom. It was preposterous.”Meanwhile, Blackpool continued to discharge raw sewage straight into the sea. Finally after much pressure from both environmental groups and the European Union, the local water authority built a new waste-treatment facility for the whole of Blackpool and neighbouring communities. The facility came online in June 1996. For the first time since the industrial revolution Blackpool’s waters are safe to swim in.That done, the town is now turning its attention to making the sea-front more visually attractive. The promenade, once a rather elegant place to stroll, had become increasingly tatty and neglected. “It was built in Victorian times and needed a thorough overhaul anyway,” says Wood, “so we decided to make aesthetic improvements at the same time, to try to draw people back to it.” Blackpool recently spent about $1.4 million building new kiosks for vendors and improving seating around the Central Pier and plans to spend a further $ 15 million on various amenity projects.The most striking thing about Blackpool these days compared with 20 years ago is how empty its beaches are. When the tide is out, Blackpool’s beaches are a vast plain of beckoning sand. They look spacious enough to accommodate comfortably the entire populace of northern England. Ken Welsby remembers days when, as he puts it, “you couldn’t lay down a handkerchief on this beach, it was that crowded.”Welsby comes from Preston, 20 miles down the road, and has been visiting Blackpool all his life. Now retired, he had come for the day with his wife, Kitty, and their three young grandchildren who were gravely absorbed in building a sandcastle. “Two hundred thousand people they’d have on this beach sometimes.”Welsby said. “You can’t imagine it now, can you?”Indeed I could not. Though it was a bright sunny day in the middle of summer. I countedjust 13 people scattered along a half mile or so of open sand. Except for those rare times when hot weather and a public holiday coincide, it is like this nearly always now.“You can’t imagine how exciting it was to come here for the day when we were young.” Kitty said. “Even from Preston, it was a big treat. Now children don’t want the beach. They want arcade games and rides in helicopters and goodness knows what else.” She stared out over the glittery water. “We’ll never see those days again. It’s sad really.”“But your grandchildren seem to be enjoying it,” I pointed out.“For the moment,” Ken said. “For the moment.”Afterward I went for a long walk along the empty beach, then went back to the town centre and treated myself to a large portion of fish-and-chips wrapped in paper. The way they cook it in Blackpool, it isn’t so much a meal as an invitation to a hear t attack, but it was delicious. Far out over the sea the sun was setting with such splendor that I would almost have sworn I could hear the water hiss where it touched.Behind me the lights of Blackpool Tower were just twinkling on, and the streets were beginning to fill with happy evening throngs. In the purply light of dusk the town looked peaceful and happy—enchanting even—and there was an engaging air of expectancy, of fun about to happen. Somewhat to my surprise, I realized that this place was beginning to grow on me.16. At the beginning, the passage seems to suggest that Blackpool ___.A. will continue to remain as an entertainment centreB. complied with EC’s standards of clearlinessC. had no swimming beaches all alongD. is planning to revive its former attraction17. We can learn from the passage that Blackpool used to ___.A. have as many beaches as LuxembourgB. have seriously polluted drinking waterC. boast some imposing seafront sightsD. attract few domestic holiday makers18. What Blackpool’s beaches strike visitors most is their ___.A. emptinessB. cleanlinessC. modernityD. monotonyTEXT BPundits who want to sound judicious are fond of warning against generalizing. Each country is different, they say, and no one story fits all of Asia. This is, of course, silly: all of these economies plunged into economic crisis within a few months of each other, so they must have had something in common.In fact, the logic of catastrophe was pretty much the same in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Korea. (Japan is a very different story.) In each case investors—mainly, but not entirely, foreign banks who had made short-term loans—all tried to pull their money out at the same time. The result was a combined banking and currency crisis: a banking crisis because no bank can convert all its assets into cash on short notice; a currency crisis because panickedinvestors were trying not only to convert long-term assets into cash, but to convert baht or rupiah into dollars. In the face of the stampede, governments had no good options. If they let their currencies plunge inflation would soar and companies that had borrowed in dollars would go bankrupt; if they tried to support their currencies by pushing up interest rates, the same firms would probably go bust from the combination of debt burden and recession. In practice, countries’ split the difference—and paid a heavy price regardless.Was the crisis a punishment for bad economic management? Like most clichés, the catchphrase “crony capitalism” has prospered because it gets at something real: excessively cozy relationships between government and business really did lead to a lot of bad investments. The still primitive financial structure of Asian business also made the economies peculiarly vulnerable to a loss of confidence. But the punishment was surely disproportionate to the crime, and many investments that look foolish in retrospect seemed sensible at the time.Given that there were no good policy options, was the policy response mainly on the fight track? There was frantic blame-shifting when everything in Asia seemed to be going wrong: now there is a race to claim credit when some things have started to go right. The international Monetary Fund points to Korea’s recovery—and more generally to the fact that the sky didn’t fall after all—as proof that its policy recommendations were right. Never mind that other IMF clients have done far worse, and that the economy of Malaysia—which refused IMF help, and horrified respectable opinion by imposing capital controls—also seems to be on the mend. Malaysia’s prime Minister, by contrast, claims full credit for any good news—even though neighbouring economies also seem to have bottomed out.The truth is that an observer without any ax to grind would probably conclude that none of the policies adopted either on or in defiance of the IMF’s advice made much difference either way. Budget policies, interest rate policies, banking reform—whatever countries tried, just about all the capital that could flee, did. And when there was no mere money to run, the natural recuperative powers of the economies finally began to prevail. At best, the money doctors who purported to offer cures provided a helpful bedside manner; at worst, they were like medieval physicians who prescribed bleeding as a remedy for all ills.Will the patients stage a full recovery? It depends on exactly what you mean by “full”. South Korea’s industrial production is already above its pre-crisis level; but in the spring of 1997 anyone who had predicted zero growth in Korean industry over the next two years would have been regarded as a reckless doomsayer. So if by recovery you mean not just a return to growth, but one that brings the region’s performance back to something like what people used to regard as the Asian norm, they have a long way to go.19. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the writer’s opinion?A. Countries paid a heavy price for whichever measure taken.B. Countries all found themselves in an economic dilemma.C. Withdrawal of foreign capital resulted in the crisis.D. Most governments chose one of the two options.20. The writer thinks that those Asian countries ___.A. well deserved the punishmentB. invested in a senseless way at the timeC. were unduly punished in the crisisD. had bad relationships between government and business21. It can be inferred from the passage that IMF policy recommendations ___.A. were far from a panacea in all casesB. were feasible in their recipient countriesC. failed to work in their recipient countriesD. were rejected unanimously by Asian countries22. At the end of the passage, the writer seems to think that a full recovery of the Asian economy is ___.A. dueB. remoteC. imaginativeD. unpredictableTEXT CHuman migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from one country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. It is some 15 million Hindus, Skihs, and Muslims swept up in a tumultuous shuffle of citizens between India and Pakistan after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947.Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”But it is much more than that. It is, as has always been, the great adventure of human life. Migration helped create humans, drove us to conquer the planet, shaped our societies, and promises to reshape them again.“You have a history book written in your genes,” said Spencer Wells. The book he’s trying to read goes back to long before even the first word was written, and it is a story of migration.Wells, a tall, blond geneticist at Stanford University, spent the summer of 1998 exploring remote parts of Transcaucasia and Central Asia with three colleagues in a Land Rover, looking for drops of blood. In the blood, donated by the people he met, he will search for the story that genetic markers can tell of the long paths human life has taken across the Earth. Genetic studies are the latest technique in a long effort of modern humans to find out where they have come from. But however the paths are traced, the basic story is simple: people have been moving since they were people. If early humans hadn’t moved and intermingled as much as they did, they probably would have continued to evolve into different species. From beginnings in Africa, most researchers agree, groups of hunter-gatherers spread out, driven to the ends of the Earth.To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings,with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound fides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.“It’s part of our nature, this movement,”Miller said, “It’s just a fact of the human condition.”23. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Migration exerts a great impact on population change.B. Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.C. Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.D. Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.24. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPF ___.A. human adaptabilityB. human evolutionC. cultural differencesD. inter-group inequalities25. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?A. Farmers.B. Workers.C. Settlers.D. Colonizers.26. There seems to be a(n) ___ relationship between great events and migration.A. looseB. indefiniteC. causalD. remoteTEXT DHow is communication actually achieved? It depends, of course, either on a common language or on known conventions, or at least on the beginnings of these. If the common language and the conventions exist, the contributor, for example, the creative artist, the performer, or the reporter, tries to use them as well as he can. But often, especially with originalartists and thinkers, the problem is in one way that of creating a language, or creating a convention, or at least of developing the language and conventions to the point where they are capable of bearing his precise meaning. In literature, in music, in the visual arts, in the sciences, in social thinking, in philosophy, this kind of development has occurred again and again. It often takes a long time to get through, and for many people it will remain difficult. But we need never think that it is impossible; creative energy is much more powerful than we sometimes suppose. While a man is engaged in this struggle to say new things in new ways, he is usually more than ever concentrated on the actual work, and not on its possible audience. Many artists and scientists share this fundamental unconcern about the ways in which their work will be received. They may be glad if it is understood and appreciated, hurt if it is not, but while the work is being done there can be no argument. The thing has to come out as the man himself sees it.In this sense it is true that it is the duty of society to create conditions in which such men can live. For whatever the value of any individual contribution, the general body of work is of immense value to everyone. But of course things are not so formal, in reality. There is no society on the one hand and these individuals on the other. In ordinary living, and in his work, the contributor shares in the life of his society, which often affects him both in minor ways and in ways sometimes so deep that he is not even aware of them. His ability to make his work public depends on the actual communication system: the language itself, or certain visual or musical or scientific conventions, and the institutions through which the communication will be passed. The effect of these on his actual work can be almost infinitely variable. For it is not only a communication system outside him; it is also, however original he may be, a communication system which is in fact part of himself. Many contributors make active use of this kind of internal communication system. It is to themselves, in a way, that they first show their conceptions, play their music, present their arguments. Not only as a way of getting these clear, in the process of almost endless testing that active composition involves. But also, whether consciously or not, as a way of putting the experience into a communicable form. If one mind has grasped it, then it may be open to other minds.In this deep sense, the society is in some ways already present in the act of composition. This is always very difficult to understand, but often, when we have the advantage of looking back at a period, we can see, even if we cannot explain, how this was so. We can see how much even highly original individuals had in common, in their actual work, and in what is called their “structure of feeling”, with other individual workers of the time, and with the society of that time to which they belonged. The historian is also continually struck by the fact that men of this kind felt isolated at the very time when in reality they were beginning to get through. This can also be noticed in our own time, when some of the most deeply influential men feel isolated and even rejected. The society and the communication are there, but it is difficult to recognize them, difficult to be sure.27. Creative artists and thinkers achieve communication by ___.A. depending on shared conventionsB. fashioning their own conventionsC. adjusting their personal feelingsD. elaborating a common language28. A common characteristic of artists and scientists involved in creative work is that ___.A. they care about the possible reaction to their workB. public response is one of the primary conceitsC. they are keenly aware of public interest in their workD. they are indifferent toward response to their work29. According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Individual contributions combined possess great significance to the public.B. Good contributors don’t neglect the use of internal communication system.C. Everyone except those original people comes under the influence of society.D. Knowing how to communicate is universal among human beings.30. It is implied at the end of the passage that highly original individuals feel isolated because they ___.A. fail to acknowledge and use an acceptable form of communicationB. actually differ from other individuals in the same periodC. have little in common with the society of the timeD. refuse to admit parallels between themselves and the societyPart III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE [ 10 MIN.]There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.1. Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?A. The Telegraph.B. The News of the WorldC. The GuardianD. The Financial Times2. The British media have many important functions. Which of the following is an exception?A.They supply people with news, keeping them informed about what is happening in theworld.B.They make huge profit by publishing advertisements.C.They promoted culture and education.D.They provide entertainment.3. Super Bowl is the name of final match of _______.A. American FootballB. BasketballC. volleyballD. Tennis.4. What does NBA stand for in US?A. National Baseball AssociationB. National Basketball AssociationC. Native Basketball ActivityD. National Broadcasting Association5. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist _______ wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare6. English Renaissance Period was an age of ____.A. prose and novelB. Poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs7. ____ is NOT included in the group of naturalists.A. Sherwood AndersonB. Stephen CraneC. Jack LondonD. Theodore Dresier8. The following authors were women writers who wrote novels in the late 19th and early 20th century with the exception of _____.A. Emily DickinsonB. Edith WhartonC. Willa CatherD. Kate Chopin9. A ____ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator10. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ____.A. semanticsB. sociolinguisticsC. pragmaticsD. psycholinguisticsPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN.)During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as thevery lifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watchedthe yields and the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if 1.they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasing 2.favorite topic of conversation.War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketingthe western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grainselling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could 3.not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often thatthey sold their wheat soon shortly after harvest when farm debts 4.were coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. 5.On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, 6.but the government had no wish to become involving, at 7.least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to runwild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8. government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal withdeliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchangetrading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by theboard. To handle with the crop of 1919, the government 9.appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with total authority to 10.buy, sell, and set prices.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN.)TEXT A短文大意：本文介绍的是一个叫做Blackpool的地方。
吴自选-TEM-8-翻译真题及答案
吴自选-TEM-8-翻译真题及答案样题XII（翻译部分，原书2001年全真题）SECTION A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English.（原文）乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。
" 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。
乔羽说："钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。
"（参考译文）The general public might be well-acquainted with the songs composed by Qiao Yu, but they might actually know very little about his two major hobbies-fishing and wine-drinking.In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing). He asserts: " Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood. I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers/resorts which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but thosenaturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal." According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one's temperament and to one's health, at once physical and psychological. Qiao Yu claims: "Fishing can be divided into three stages. The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically."SECTION B：Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese（原文）Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun.（参考译文）梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。
2001年英语专业八级试题及答案
勿庸置疑梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务他便别无所求
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A TALK
The World Bank is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from industrial west to the poor and developing nations of the world. Its scale of operations is vast, which is why its lending program exceeds 7 billion a year, and its work force numbers about 4500. In the last decade important changes have taken place in the size of the bank's operations and in the emphasis of its lending policies. What immediately strikes anyone looking at the lending figures over the last 10 years is the tremendous expansion in the bank's loan program. This has increased from 1 billion to nearly 7 billion. The figure includes hard loans, which are made at the current rate of interest, and soft loans, which are allocated to poor countries at concessionary rates, and usually channel led through the bank's affiliate-the International Development Association.