专业英语课后习题答案.doc
专业英语部分习题答案参考.doc
b-毗喘pyridine 巴比妥酸:barbituric acid 比电导conductance 不规则的:irregular 崩解剂disintegrantC--萃取extraction 成团:ogglomerotion 测量仪measurement 肠液:intestinol fluid d-胆固醇cholestero 对映体:enontiomer 电极electrode 代谢:metobolism f-反相渗透reverse osmosis 分布:dispositiong-构象：conformotion 固化:solidize卜-甲苯toluene 静脉注:introvenous injection 挤压:compress聚集:aggregate 胶囊capsuleI一粒子:particle 立体选择性:stereoselectivity 利用率:availability灭菌产品sterile products n—粘合剂odhesiveP—偏振光:polarized light 片剂tablet 酉己剂elixir 排泄:excretionq一起女台原料starting materials(raw materials) q 醛aldehyde「一溶解度:solubility 乳剂emulsion 润滑剂lubricants-释放:release 渗液solution 生物膜:biologic membrane 生物碱okoloid, t…糖浆syrup 甜味剂sweetenerw-丸剂pill 微生物microorganism 胃液:gastric fluid 稳定态:steady-statex-・旋光异构现象:optical isomerism 悬浮液suspension 香味剂flavor 稀释剂diluent 形状:shape 吸收absorption 消除:eliminationy-胰岛素insulin 压片:tablet compressionz-中间体intermediote 重结晶recrystallization 左旋:levorotation蒸徭distillation 组织tissuea-asymmetric carb on 不对称碳absorption 吸收action 动作odhesive 粘合剂c-contamination 污染chirality:手性compress 压缩composite 合成的compressibility:可压缩性compaction:压紧contaminotion specialize 特殊污染conductivity 电导率control控制clinical:临床的d- design:设计dry:干燥delivery:传送e-巳xtgnd:延长epoxide:环氧化物f- formulation:$ij 剂fluidity:流动性function:功能g- geometric isomerism:几何异构h- hormone 激素hydrolysis diastereoisomer:水解非对映异构体heterogeneous catalyst 多相催化剂，i- irrigating 冲洗m- metabolite代谢物medication药物治疗medicine内服药mill:研磨measure 尺寸mix:混合microorganisms 微生物o- ophthalmic 眼药p- polysaccharide 多糖peptide 肽plosmo 血浆penicillin 青霉素，precursor:前体partition coefficient:狭义分配系数pharmaceutical 制药的parenteral 注射药物pycogens 热源procedure:程序q- quality 性质quantity 数量s- steroid 笛类steric effect:空间效应stereoselectivity:^体选择性screening:过筛sustain :维持t-- treo t 治疗therapy:治疗u-uniformity 目标v-vaccine 疫苗Unitl P71、Answer the following questions:(1) How mony groups can pharmaceutical agents be split into depending on theirproduction or origin?©totally syn thetic materials (synthetics) ® na tural produ cts® produ cts from partial syn theses (semi-sy nthetic products)(2) CQn you illustrate ony sign ificant examples of pharmaceutical agents obtained by total synthesis?L-aminexhleramphomicalxaffeine^opamine^Epi nephrine,Lerodapa,peptide,hormones.Prestaglandi ng, P_Pouricollamine z Vincamine,(3) What is the difference between the synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese herbal medicine?synthetic drugs include the most import ant of synthetics and semi-sythetic products, however, natural products are frequently needed as starting materials or intermediates for important synthetic products.2s生物碱4、Introduction of Nucleic acidsNucleic acids ore polyanionic molecules of high molecular weight. These polymers are composed of a sequence of subunits or nucleotides so that the whole is usually termed a polynucleotide・ The nucleic acids are of two main varieties, rib on ucleic (RNA) ond deoxyrib on ucleic (DNA). DNA is fou nd primorily in the chromatin to the cell nucleus, whereas 90% of RNA is presented in the cell cytoplasm and 10% in the nucleolus. The two classes of nucleic acids are distinguished primary on basis of the five-carbon atom sugar of pentose present. Two general kinds of bases are found in all nucleic acids. One type is a derivative of the parent compound purine・ Principle examples are guanine and adenine. The second class of bases found in all nucleic acid is derived from the pare nt compound pyrimidine ・介绍核酸核酸是超高分子量聚阴离子分子。
专业英语课后习题答案
专业英语课后习题答案Chapter1I. 1.Application software2. -128 1273. system software4. hardware system software system5.microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, supercomputersII. 1. false 2. false 3. false 4. true 5.trueIII. (1) b (2) c (3)a (4) dIV. (1)编码技术(2)应用软件(3) 浮点数据(4)分时(5)存储容量VIII．1.By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols通过应用多种编码技术，一组二进制数字不但可以表示二进制数据，而且还可以表示其它的离散符号2.System software includes not only the complex programs used by technicians to create application software in the first place but also the organizational programs needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs.系统软件不仅包括技术人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序，而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其他程序使用的管理程序。
3.Data are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve required computational results.数据是数字和其他的二进制代码信息，通过处理这些数据得到所需要的计算结果。
专业英语课后习题参考答案
Unit 7 P56I、Translate the following words into Chinese1、Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土2、Rolled-steel轧制钢3、Weldability可焊性4、Aggregate骨料5、Mortar砂浆6、Deformation变形II、Translate the following words into English1、冲击荷载shock loading2、软钢，低碳钢mild steel/low carbon steel3、冷拉hard drawn4、黏土砖clay brick5、收缩shrinkageIII、Translate the following sentence into Chinese1、The modern civil engineer needs to deal with a variety of materials that are oftenintegrated in the same structure , such as steel and concrete , or are used separatelyfor construction projects , such as pavement form asphalt and Portland cementconcrete.现代土木工程师需要处理大量建筑材料。
有时多种材料使用在同一结构中，如钢筋和混凝土；有时建筑材料被分别使用在单独的建筑项目中，例如沥青路面和硅酸盐水泥混凝土。
2、The useful engineering properties of both unalloyed and allyed aluminum are lowspecific gravity , resistance to corrosion , high electrical conductivity and excellentforming properties.铝和铝合金的有用的工程特性都是低比重，耐腐蚀，导电性能高和成型性能好。
大学专业英语教材答案
大学专业英语教材答案[注意：本文仅作为样例，内容为编者根据问题描述自行创作，与真实教材答案无关]Unit 1: Introduction to MajorExercise 1:1. c. program2. b. experience3. a. theory4. d. practical5. c. valuableExercise 2:1. major2. education3. career4. opportunities5. specializedUnit 2: Academic SkillsExercise 1:1. d. summarize2. b. analyze3. c. evaluate4. a. interpret5. a. developExercise 2:1. analytical2. critical thinking3. research4. academic writing5. effective communicationUnit 3: Professional Development Exercise 1:1. d. networking2. a. internships3. c. workshops4. b. mentorship5. a. leadershipExercise 2:1. professional skills2. industry trends3. internships4. networking events5. career guidanceUnit 4: Specialized Courses Exercise 1:1. b. algorithms2. c. databases3. d. programming languages4. a. cybersecurity5. c. artificial intelligence Exercise 2:1. practical application2. cutting-edge technology3. hands-on experience4. specialized knowledge5. problem-solving skills Unit 5: Global Perspective Exercise 1:1. c. cultural diversity2. a. international cooperation3. d. global challenges4. b. language proficiency5. c. cross-cultural communication Exercise 2:1. international exposure2. intercultural competence3. global issues4. language proficiency5. cross-border collaborationUnit 6: Advanced Research Exercise 1:1. a. methodology2. c. data analysis3. b. literature review4. d. research findings5. a. hypothesesExercise 2:1. research design2. data collection3. statistical analysis4. research findings5. academic publicationsUnit 7: Career Prospects Exercise 1:1. b. employment opportunities2. a. job market3. d. professional qualifications4. c. salary expectations5. b. career progression Exercise 2:1. job prospects2. industry demand3. professional certifications4. salary negotiations5. career advancement总结：大学专业英语教材提供了学生在各个领域中提升专业技能和知识的机会。
专业英语课后答案.doc
Public relations is any communication or activity intended primarily to obtain goodwill or prestige for a company through publicity.
administration costs, compliance costs, excess burden
Exe.2
货币木位
金融屮介
货帀政策T具
特许权税
电了资金转账系统
负税能力原则
公开市场业务
工资税
自动取款机
养老基金
direct finance
standard of value
standard money
The sales volume and profitability of a product will change with the elapse of time.
Exe. 4
广告是指由知名人士有偿向公众展示某种商品、服务或者创意的行为。公司广告能为公司树 立良好的形象。公益广告就有争议的社会和经济问题表明立场。产品广告主要针对某一特定 商品或服务。如果把它用于刺激对一种新产品的需求，乂可称为出导广告。比较广告也属于 产品广告，它把广告产品与竞争对手的知名产品进行比较。
intensive distribution
retail outlets
Exe. 3
Agents work on commissions based on their sales volume, and they have almost no say about policies of the company they represent.
大学专业用途英语课后习题答案
大学专业用途英语课后习题答案1. You'd better ( ) a copy of the whole article for yourself. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. makingC. to makeD. made2. He is very strict. It is no use ( ) yourself to him. [单选题] *A. explainedB. to explainC. explaining(正确答案)D. explain3. All people must pull together ( ) the project can be finished on schedule. [单选题] *A. as thoughB. ifC. even thoughD. in order that(正确答案)4. I wish I ( ) shopping with you yesterday, because I was very bored at home then. [单选题] *A. had gone(正确答案)B. would goC. could have goneD. went5. If ( ) in a warm place, these flowers will bloom in late May. [单选题] *A. to plantB. planted(正确答案)C. plantD. planting6. My father recommended two new books to me, ( ) seemed to be very interesting. [单选题] *A. both of thatB. all of thatC. both of which(正确答案)D. all of which7. Tom will never forget the days ( ) he lived in the remote village with his parents. [单选题] *A. whatB. whichC. when(正确答案)D. why8. Don't expect too much from her. The more you expect, ( ) you will become. [单选题] *A. the disappointedB. more disappointedC. the most disappointedD. the more disappointed(正确答案)9. The weather is quite fine. Let's go swimming, ( )？ [单选题] *A. will youB. shall we(正确答案)C. do weD. do you10. There is no doubt that the residents living in this building can have free ( ) to the swimming pool. [单选题] *A. excessB. access(正确答案)C. accelerateD. assess11. If you want to strengthen your friendship with your friends, you should ( ) more time communicating with them. [单选题] *A. spend(正确答案)B. takeC. payD. cost12. Tom has been nervous for three days, since he will have a(n) ( ) for the manager's job. [单选题] *A. reviewB. viewC. chatD. interview(正确答案)13. But for your advice, I ( ) the task arranged by the leader yesterday. [单选题] *A. shall not finishB. could not have finished(正确答案)C. shall finishD. could finish14. The aim of this meeting is ( ) how to solve the serious crisis. [单选题] *A. to discuss(正确答案)B. discussingC. to discussingD. discussed15. This building is named ( ) his name in memory of his great invention. [单选题] *A. upB. after(正确答案)C. atD. in16. ( ) are quite humorous and everyone likes making friends with them. [单选题] *A. The Bushes(正确答案)B. A BushC. BushesD. The Bush17. One way to manage time wisely is to give ( ) to what is the most important. [单选题] *A. principleB. permissionC. priority(正确答案)D. process18. The teachers don't know ( ), because the meeting rooms are being decorated. [单选题] *A. where should the meeting be heldB. which should the meeting be heldC. which the meeting should be heldD. where the meeting should be held(正确答案)19. Due to the outbreak of the epidemic, many outdoor activities have been ( ). [单选题] *A. called forB. called off(正确答案)C. called backD. called in20. According to the report, some experts ( ) the shop with selling cups with insulting ads. [单选题] *A. charge(正确答案)B. accuseC. blameD. condemn21. Some people ( ) it for granted that what they pick up in the street belongs to them. [单选题] *A. makeB. take(正确答案)C. getD. regard22. Because there is enough time, the teacher advises students ( ) their papers again. [单选题] *A. examinedB. to examine(正确答案)C. to examiningD. examine23. Many people suffer from hunger in this country ( ) the decrease of food imports this year. [单选题] *A. instead ofB. regardless ofC. due to(正确答案)D. as to24. I ( ) reading the novel by yesterday, so I buy a new novel today. [单选题] *A. had finished(正确答案)B. finishedC. finishD. would finish25. Most foreign people think ( ) very difficult to learn to write Chinese characters. [单选题] *A. thatB. thisC. it(正确答案)D. one26. Mary heard her name called by someone, whose voice was very familiar ( ) her. [单选题] *A. withB. to(正确答案)C. onD. in27. One ( ) of extra-curricular activities is that the kids involved can gain friendship. [单选题] *A. flexibilityB. benefit(正确答案)C. privilegeD. interest28. I will tell the truth to him if he ( ) the funeral the day after tomorrow. [单选题] *A. would attendB. will have attendedC. attends(正确答案)D. will attend29. His ( ) of the accident conflicted with that of the other witnesses. However, I believed what he said was true. [单选题] *A. expectationB. instructionC. responseD. account(正确答案)30. Every time I run into difficulty, he is always the first ( ) help. [单选题] *A. to be offeredB. to offer(正确答案)C. offerD. offering31. Many women have to resign in order to ( ) their children wholeheartedly. [单选题] *A. bring up(正确答案)B. put upC. break upD. build up32. My good friend Lily told me that she ( ) to New York the next month. [单选题] *A. wentB. goesC. would go(正确答案)D. will have gone33. It is natural that people ( ) feel upset for no reason. It usually won't last too long. [单选题] *A. sometimes(正确答案)B. some timesC. a timeD. some time34. Our company wants to invest in the property market, so we look forward to ( ) with that company. [单选题] *A. cooperateB. cooperating(正确答案)C. cooperatedD. being cooperated35. It is really ( ) to borrow money from your elder sister just to help a selfish stranger pay off his debt. [单选题] *A. ridiculous(正确答案)B. stubbornC. splendidD. popular36. The kids in the kindergarten help each other and never quarrel, thus creating a ( ) atmosphere. [单选题] *A. commonB. lonelyC. peaceful(正确答案)D. steady37. You ( ) to make so many preparations; the job has been assigned to an experienced fellow. [单选题] *A. needn't have bothered(正确答案)B. shouldn't have botheredC. mustn't have botheredD. couldn't have bothered38. ( ) in the park yesterday afternoon, my mother met an old friend. [单选题] *A. To walkB. Walking(正确答案)C. WalkD. Walked39. Mary behaved in a specially confident manner ( ) she had understood the problem completely. [单选题] *A. as if(正确答案)B. whetherC. althoughD. than40. As we all know, success results from hard work; ( ) efforts, nothing can be achieved. [单选题] *A. except forB. without(正确答案)C. despiteD. besides41. His advice is that your father ( ) more exercise outdoors in the morning. [单选题] *A. doneB. will doC. should do(正确答案)D. does42. From this book, you can know ( ) those animals escape from their natural enemies. [单选题] *A. whoB. how(正确答案)C. whereD. it43. Plants are very ( ) to climate change. Therefore, many tree species are faced with extinction because of global warming. [单选题] *A. sensibleB. consciousC. sensitive(正确答案)D. independent44. His two dogs made a mess in his room, ( ) he didn't want to punish them. [单选题] *A. andB. orC. becauseD. but(正确答案)45. Hearing the words, he didn't seem to be offended; ( ), he looked very happy. [单选题] *A. in a wordB. in other wordsC. on the wholeD. on the contrary(正确答案)46. ( ) the salary is rather low, many young people have resigned in recent months. [单选题] *A. Because(正确答案)B. ForC. AfterD. So that47. What the little girl wants ( ) a pen, and what her elder brother wants ( ) two books. [单选题] *A. are; areB. is; isC. is; are(正确答案)D. are; is48. Most universities don't ( ) that every student can graduate with a certificate if they don't study hard. [单选题] *A. guarantee(正确答案)B. provideC. requireD. complete49. The company has recently taken on fifty people ( ) live in the local area. [单选题] *A. whichB. whoseC. thoseD. who(正确答案)50. All the afternoon my colleagues and I ( ) a report in the meeting room. [单选题] *A. prepareB. were to prepareC. have been preparing(正确答案)D. had been preparing5I. It is no use worrying about the future all the time. No one knows what will ( ) next minute. [单选题] *A. take placeB. get onC. disappearD. happen(正确答案)52. Alice, please turn down the music. I ( ) an important phone call at present. [单选题] *A. answerB. answeredC. have answeredD. am answering(正确答案)53. After you use my dictionary and English book, you should place them ( ) they used to be. [单选题] *A. the momentB. where(正确答案)C. whenD. that54. ( ) runs the fastest in the competition will be given an expensive prize. [单选题] *A. Whoever(正确答案)B. WhomeverC. WhomD. Who55. If you want these new employees to work out the answer, two hours and a half ( ) not enough. [单选题] *A. to beB. beingC. areD. is(正确答案)56. Only after they had examined the machine for several hours ( ) the problem. [单选题] *A. they foundB. did they find(正确答案)C. they findD. do they find57. ( ), he doesn't know how to get on with other people. [单选题] *A. Adult as he is(正确答案)B. Adult he is asC. Adult he as isD. An adult as he is58. It was ( ) that they went for a picnic in the park last weekend. [单选题] *A. so nice a weatherB. such nice weather(正确答案)C. nice weather soD. too nice weather59. It is advisable to adjust the measures on the ( ) of short-time predictions. [单选题] *A. basis(正确答案)B. baseC. foundationD. ground60. ( ) slowly he runs! I don't think he may attend the lecture on time. [单选题] *A. WhatB. ItC. How(正确答案)D. Whether。
化工专业英语练习题 参考答案
练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。
专业英语课后题答案.doc
Unit 1 The Fundamentals of Computers1.1The Varieties of Computers•IIL Translating.- 1. Original: Primary storage, or memory, is the internal computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed. Secondary storage, simply calledstorage, refers to the devices and media that store data or information permanently ・-Translation: 一级存储，或称内存，是临时保存等待被处理数据的计算机内部电路。
而二级存储，简称存储器，是指那些永久性存储数据或信息的设备和介质。
一2. Original: A biological nanocomputer, which would be made of DNA and could fit into a single human cell, would use DNA as its software and enzymes as its hardware;its molecular-sized circuits would be viewable only through a microscope.-Translation:由DNA制成并能放置在一个单独的人体细胞屮的生物学纳米计算机会利用DNA作为它的软件，酶作为它的硬件；其具有分子大小尺寸的电路将只有通过显微镜才能够看见。
1.2The History of Computers•III. Translating・- 1. Original: This introduction brought about the first real signs of competition within computing history, which helped to spur faster and better development of computers.-Translation:这一引入带来了计算历史屮可谓第一个真正的竞争标志，有助于刺激计算机更快-更好的发展。
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11 .two-terminal element 二端口元件2. associated reference direction 关联参考方向3.0hm's Law欧姆定律4. electric field 电场5. displacement current 转移电流6. short circuit 短路7. magnetic field 磁场8. conduction current 传导电流1 .capacitance2. capacitor3. resistance4. resistor5.Inductance6.InductorWe can make two important observations here.在此，我们可以得到两条重要的结论：第一,如果电流是常数，理想电感器的端电压为0,这样电感器在恒星或直流中可以半作短路：第二，在电感器中电流不能瞬时变化，也就是说，在0时间内电流不能以有限量改变。
21 .能量转换energy conversion2. 布极positive terminal3 串联电路series circuit4. 电路化简方法circuit simplification technique5. 电路分析方法circuit analysis technique6. 阻性电路resistive circuit7. 戴维南和诺顿等效电路Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuit8. 节点电压法node-voltage method9. 网孔电流法mesh-current method10. 参考节点reference nodeWe can use those approaches for all circuits,对于所有的电路都可以使用这些方法，但是当电路结构更复杂、引入更多元件的时候,这种直接求解的方法很快就变得麻烦了。
此时，可以使用两种常规的分析方法。
31. amplify current 放大电流2. electronic component 电子元器件3. complex circuit 复杂电路4. vacuum tube 真空管5. hand-held calculator 便携式计算机6. integrated circuit chip 集成电路芯片7. semiconductor material 半导体材料8. microprocessor 微处理器Bardeen和Brattain认为问题在于液体，所以他们用本质是错锈的氧化绪来代替液体。
Gibney准备了一块特殊的错片,错片的一面上有一层绿色的氧化层o 12月12 |=| Brattain开始插入接触点。
41. direct-coupled 直接耦合2. operational amplifier 运算放大器3. linear amplifier 线性放大器4. common mode rejection 共模抑制5. negative feedback 负反馈6. zero output impedance 零阻抗输出7. buffer缓冲器8. differential amplifier 微分放大器理想反馈放大器的信号流程图如图4.3所示。
输入信号xi和输出信号xo可以是相电压，或者是相电流，或者一个是相电压，一个是相电流。
如图所示，按照反馈结构的特殊类型决定它们的定义。
图中的箭头表示在理想系统中，从输入到输出的正向传输通过基本的放大器，而反向传输通过反馈网络。
61. 电导性electrical conductivity2. 磷化锢indium phosphide3. 自由电子波free electron waves4. 异质结hetero-junction5. 静电势electrostatic potential6. 半导体器件semiconductor device7. 导带conduction band8. 价带valence band9. 发光二极管led10. 离散量子态discrete quantum state1. impurity dopant 杂质掺杂2. semiconductor device 半导体材料3. N-type semiconductor N 型半导体4. band gap 带隙5. covalent bond 共价键6. at room temperature 在温室下The main reason semiconductor materials are so useful is that the behavior of 半导体材料如U匕有用的上要原因是由于半导体可以通过掺杂的方式改变其特性。
通过曝光、加压和加热的方式，产生的电场可以控制半导体的导电性，因此，半导体可以制作传感器。
半导体的导电性取决于自由电子和空穴，也就是电荷载流子。
81. high-performance 高性能2. programmable and erasable read only memory 可编程可擦除只读存储器3. embedded control application 嵌入式控制应用4. 16-bit timer/counter 16 位定时器/计数器5. a full duplex serial port 全双工串行Fl6. Idle Mode空闲模式7. Power-down Mode 掉电模式8. high impedance input 高阻抗输入9. address/data bus地址/数据总线10. external program memory 外部程序存储器1. 输出缓存器output buffer2. 特殊功能寄存器special function register3. 控制信号control signal4. 写脉冲write strobe5. 中央处理单元CPU6. 编程校骚program verification7. 高地址字节high-order address byte8. 外部中断external interrupt9. 串行输入口serial input port10. 片内振荡器on-chip oscillatorThe Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM,空闲模式在停止CPU 的同玖允许SRAM、T/C、SPI端口以及中断系统继续工作；掉电模式时，保存寄存器的内容而冻结晶体振荡器，同时除J'下…个中断和硬件复位信号到来之前所有芯片功能都停止工作；在省电模式时，异步定时器继续运行，允许用户保持一个时间基准，而其余功能模块处于休眠状态：ADC噪声抑制模式时，除了异步定时器与ADC以外，中止CPU和所有I/O模块的功能，以使ADC转换时的升关噪声最小：待机模式时，只有晶振或谐振振荡器运行，其余功能模块处于休眠状态，这使其具有快速启动能力的同时保持低功耗。
101. 物理量physical quantity2. 水银温度计mercury thermometer3. 性能测试measured property4. 系统误差systematic errors5. 随机误差random errors6. 信号处理signal processing7. 有效数字significant digit8. 扫描隧道探测器scanning tunneling probeA radar system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range,雷达系统有一个发射机，它发射无线电波或（目前更经常使用的）微波，通过目标反射，被接收器检测，接收器和发射卷在同-•个位置°尽管返回信号通常很微弱，但是信号能被放大。
这能使雷达在其他的发射范围检测目标，如声音或者可见光, 因为太弱而不能被检测。
111. electronic product 电子产品2. semiconductor technology 半导体技术3. place and route布局和布线4. logic simulation 逻辑仿真5. high-level design language 高级设计语言6. hardware description language 硬件描述语言7. front-end 前端8. library of component 器件库1. CAD computer-aided design 计算机辅助设计2. CAM computer-aided manufacturing 计算机辅助制造3. IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers（美国）电气和电子工程师学会4. VLSI Very Large Scale Integrated 超大规模集成5. FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array 现场可编程门阵列6. CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device 复杂可编程逻辑器件7. CAE computer-aided engineering 计算机辅助工程8. MOSIS Metal Oxide Semiconductor Implementation Service 金属氧化物半导体实施服务9. Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language 超高速集成电路硬件描述语言10. P&R Place & Route Cadence 布局布线Cadence Design Systems公司成立于八十年代中期，专门从事物理IC设计。
Synopsys公司成立于大约同一时间内，专门从事逻辑综合。
两者都已成大为最大的EDA .T具全线供应商。
Cadence公司是一家大型的(目前最大的)提供电子设计技术和工程服务的供应商。
公司的主要产品是用于芯片和印刷电路板设计的软件。
Synopsys公司是当今领先的提供电子设计白动化(EDA)软件和服务的供应商，产品主要用于全球半导体行业及电子工业的复杂集成电路(IC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)和片上系统(SoC) 的设计。
121. Timer定时器2. on-delay通电延时3. off-delay断电延时4. counter计数器5. relay继电器6. registe寄存器7. transistor 晶体管8. power-up 供电PLC (可编程逻辑控制器)是一种用来替代机器控制的必要的顺序继电电路装置。