全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程4学生用书 unit 1语言点
2023大学_全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免
2023全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 1 VocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) got/was stuckin12) approximately2. 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into3. 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features2) …two trees ten feet apart3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars.5) … are correlated in all racial groups4.1) the application, remote, has turned into a reality, are poised to2) that vibrate, can detect, frequency3) lanes, are mounted in, alert a, hazardII. Word FormationClipped Words BlendsKilo kilogram Medicare medical careMemo memorandum email electronic mailgym gymnasium comsat communications satellitelib liberation newscast news broadcastdoc doctor skyjack sky hijackvet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollarprep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunchauto automobile telecast television broadcastflu influenza Oxbridge OxfordandCambridgeIII. 1. swimming pool 2. drawing board 3. enriched Middle English 4. disturbing change 5. fully developed prototype 6. Canned foods 7. working population 8. puzzling differences Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor2.1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalitiesII. Translation1.1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.2.Automobiles have, since their invention, revolutionized transportation, changing forever the way people live, travel, and do business. On the other hand, they have brought hazards, especially highway fatalities. However, todaythe application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents. For example, electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine. They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams.全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 2 Part II Text Alexf OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1-2 Introduction — Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.Part Two Paras 3-11 Napoleons military campaign againstRussiaPart Three Paras 12-20 Hitlers military campaign against theSoviet UnionPart Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign.2.Sections Paragraphs Main IdeasSection One Paras 12-13 Hitlers blitzkrieg againstRussiaand Stalins scorched earth policySection Two Paras 14-18 the battles foughtatLeningrad,MoscowandStalingradSection Three Paras 19-20 the Russian counter-offensive and the outcome of the warVocabularyI. 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of3) stroke 4) limp5) minus 6) regions7) declarations 8) siege9) raw 10) bide his time11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on5) get by 6) dine out7) have cut back 8) get through3. 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future.2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers strike3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career.4) Obviously the reporters question caught the foreign minister off guard.5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date /obso lete.4. 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases.2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases,work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization.3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans. In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks.II.More Synonyms in Context1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place inthe gloomy trenches ofFrance andBelgium.2) Elizabethmade careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off.3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body, and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather.III. Usage1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health.2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it.3) Its said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work4) Dont sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned, especially if you fall asleep.5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early.6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. invasion2. stand in the way3. Conquest4. catching... off his guard5. launching6. declaration7. campaign 8. drag on9. reckon with 10. bringing...to a halt(B)1. allow2. reckoned3. highly4. forecasts5. rapidly6. instant7. delivery 8. advantage9. observing 10. PowerfulII. Translation1. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons.3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasingly desperate.4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strong/fierce/stiff resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take agamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear. This turned the tide of the battle. The enemy, caught off guard, soon surrendered.全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)4第四册课后习题Unit 3 Content questions1. He runs a manufacturing company.2. Almost all of them were no.3. This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified.4. Prepare to win.5. They now have to switch jobs frequently.6. A 90-year-old tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness -- backhand court.7. Believing in yourself, even when no one else does.8. Because he will mention a cab driver who is different.9. His efforts to make a difference.10.He was offered a ride on a day whenMinnesotawas hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades.11. Because there were no tracks left in the snow, which means he was the first person to take off from there.12 Carlson was excited about being first, which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants.Text Organization1.Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras 1- 6 An ill-prepared college graduate failed his interview.Part Two Paras 7-27 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee.Part Three Paras 28-31 Make your own tracks in whatever you do.2.Suggestions Examples1) Prepare to win. 1) Michael Jordan2) Never stop learning. 2) a 90-year-old tennis player3) Believe in yourself,even when no one else does 3) the four-minute mile, the New York Marathon and the Vietnamveteran.4) Find a way to make a difference. 4) aNew Yorkcabdriver.Language Sense Enhancement1.(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating (8)hand-delivered(9) prepared (10) prospectiveLanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner2.1) go after 2) look back at/on 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up3.1) grilled her about where she had been all night2) beyond Cinderellas wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the Kings palace3) will be in readers hands soon4) do your homework before going on an interview.5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars.4.1)applicants,veteran, the prospective2)From his standpoint,has made every endeavor to go after3) as the saying goes, to have a crack at, barelyII. Words with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. used to avoid repetition3. Clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableIII. Usage1. There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, Ill talk about myself first.2. Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. Im going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar inShanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back fromAustralia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, well have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.2.Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a years in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible dont have much of a chance of success.2023全新版大学英语综合教程（第二版）4第四册课后习题答案和翻译免费下载地址。
全新版大学英语综合教程4unit1教案
教学目标：1. 通过本节课的学习，学生能够掌握Unit 1的相关词汇和短语；2. 学生能够运用所学知识进行听、说、读、写等语言技能的训练；3. 培养学生的跨文化交际能力，了解西方国家的文化背景。
教学重点：1. 单元词汇和短语；2. 阅读理解能力；3. 写作技巧。
教学难点：1. 单元词汇和短语的运用；2. 阅读理解的技巧；3. 写作时如何运用所学知识。
教学过程：一、导入1. 利用图片或视频，展示西方国家的文化背景，激发学生的学习兴趣；2. 提问：你们对西方国家的文化了解多少？有哪些方面是我们需要学习的？二、新课导入1. 介绍本节课的学习内容，让学生明确学习目标；2. 引导学生阅读课文，找出本节课的重点词汇和短语。
三、词汇学习1. 学生跟读课文，跟读过程中注意发音和语调；2. 教师讲解重点词汇和短语，并进行例句演示；3. 学生分组练习，运用所学词汇和短语进行对话。
四、阅读理解1. 学生阅读课文，找出文章的主旨大意；2. 教师提问，检查学生的阅读效果；3. 学生分组讨论，分析文章的细节，分享自己的观点。
五、写作训练1. 教师讲解写作技巧，如如何开头、如何结尾、如何组织文章结构等；2. 学生根据所学知识，运用写作技巧进行写作练习；3. 教师批改学生作文，指出不足，并给予指导。
六、课堂小结1. 回顾本节课的学习内容，强调重点词汇和短语；2. 鼓励学生在课后继续复习，巩固所学知识。
七、作业布置1. 复习本节课所学词汇和短语；2. 阅读课文，完成课后练习；3. 准备下一节课的学习内容。
教学反思：本节课通过多种教学手段，如图片、视频、分组讨论等，激发了学生的学习兴趣，提高了他们的学习积极性。
在词汇学习、阅读理解和写作训练等方面，学生取得了较好的效果。
但在实际教学中，还需注意以下几点：1. 加强对学生的个别辅导，关注学生的个体差异；2. 在教学中注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力；3. 提高教学效果，关注学生的实际需求。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课后翻译（完整版）
全新版大学英语综合教程4课后翻译Unit 11. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。
3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.菲尔已经三个月没有找到工作了,正在变得越来越绝望。
4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。
5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.既然已经证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Unit 21.There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.空气有一种不寻常的寂静,只有远处响着大炮的声音。
2. The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problems.在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已经引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4学生用书unit1语言点
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4学生用书unit1语言点Unit onebe prepared for sth +现在分词后置定语He was prepared for the exam coming soon.He was prepared for the date with a beautiful girl graduating from the university.raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzedIndustrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption.conquest, triumph & victory这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。
conquest 指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。
triumph 着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。
victory 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，强调艰辛与成功。
be\get bogged down: be unable to make progressThe local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.Most investigations of the issue seem to bog down when they start talking about the effect of existing telecommunications regulations and fees.当他们开始讨论有关现行电信条款和收费的影响时，这一问题的多项研究似乎就无法进行下去了。
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课文原文及翻译
全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课文原文及翻译嘿，伙计们！今天咱们来聊聊大学英语第二版综合教程4这本书。
这本书可是咱们大学生的好朋友，里面有很多有趣的课文，让我们一起来瞧瞧吧！咱们来看看这本书的第一课文《A Visit to the Great Wall》。
这篇文章讲述了作者和朋友们去长城游玩的经历。
文章中提到了很多有趣的细节，比如说长城上有很多人在爬山、拍照，还有一些人在卖纪念品。
作者还描述了长城的壮观景象，让人感叹不已。
这篇文章的语言简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这篇文章还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
咱们来看看这本书的第二课文《My Summer Vacation》。
这篇文章讲述了作者暑假期间的生活。
文章中提到了很多有趣的事情，比如说作者去了海边游泳、晒太阳，还去了一个动物园看了很多可爱的动物。
作者还描述了自己在动物园里遇到的一个小女孩，她非常可爱，让人忍不住喜欢上她。
这篇文章的语言也非常简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这篇文章还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
咱们来看看这本书的第三课文《A Party at Home》。
这篇文章讲述了作者在家里举办派对的经历。
文章中提到了很多有趣的事情，比如说作者邀请了很多朋友来家里玩，还准备了很多美食和饮料。
作者还描述了派对上的一些趣事，比如说有人唱歌、跳舞，还有人玩游戏。
这篇文章的语言也非常简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这篇文章还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
大学英语第二版综合教程4这本书里面的课文都非常有趣，语言简单易懂，适合咱们这些英语初学者阅读。
而且，这些课文还融入了一些日常俚语和成语俗语，让文章更加亲切有趣。
大家一定要抽空去看看这本书哦！。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文翻译
Unit 1 Active reading 1 抓螃蟹大学最后一年的秋天，我们的心情变了。
刚刚过去的夏季学期的轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪影，我们开始埋头学习，苦读到深夜，课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。
我们都觉得在校时间不多了，以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了，所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
当然，下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。
我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
还有别的事情让大家心情焦虑。
每个人都在心里盘算着过几个月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的工作。
并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。
有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。
我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。
但大多数同学不是准备继续深造，就是想在银行、地方政府或其他单位当个白领，希望在20出头的时候能挣到足够多的薪水，过上舒适的生活，然后就娶妻生子，贷款买房，期望升职，过安稳日子。
感恩节的时候我回了一趟家，兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算，我不知道该说什么。
实际上，我知道该说什么，但我怕他们批评我，所以只对他们说了别人都准备干什么。
父亲看着我，什么也没说。
夜深时，他叫我去他的书房。
我们坐了下来，他给我们俩各倒了杯饮料。
“怎么样？”他问。
“啊，什么怎么样？”“你毕业后到底想做什么？”他问道。
父亲是一名律师，我一直都认为他想让我去法学院深造，追随他的人生足迹，所以我有点儿犹豫。
过了会儿我回答说：“我想旅行，我想当个作家。
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4Unit1LanguageStudy1
全新版大学英语综合教程第二版4Unit1LanguageStudy1Book 4Unit 1Text A The Icy Defender1.in the case of: as far as … is concerned-- The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.2.stand / get /be in the way: prevent from doing sth.-- Many teachers complain that they can’t make any improvement in teaching methods as the existing exam system gets in the way.-- Don’t let your social life get in the way of your study.3.devastate:1) destroy something severely and completely-- The fire ~d the whole street.2) to make someone feel very shocked and upset:-- His parents were ~d by his appearance.devastated: feeling very shocked and upsetdevastating: causing great harm or damage; very shocking and upsetting-- Gambling can have a ~ effect on families.-- It is always devastating to be diagnosed with a terminal illness.4.raw: cold and wet and unpleasant 湿而寒冷的; 生的，未煮过的；原始的-- The event took place on a raw February morning.-- This afternoon is raw. / raw weather/ raw wind5.bleak: cold and miserable阴冷的，寒冷的; without any reason to feel happy and hopeful, depressing 没指望的，令人沮丧的-- bleak winter-- The street looked ~ with so many houses pulled down by the earthquake.-- Things look very ~ for the team.6. mow down: kill a lot of people quickly and violently, especially by shooting them7. decisive: able to make choices or decide what to do quickly and confidently-- As a chairperson, he was firm and decisive.indecisive; indecision8. bog: cause to be stuck in wet and soft ground and unable to move-- The meeting got bogged down with disputes.9.engage:1) to attract and keep someone’s interest or attention:-- A good radio script should be able to ~ the listener.2)start to employ someone or use their services 雇用，聘:-- The company is to engage a new sales director.3)to start to fight with an enemy in a battle 交战engage (oneself) in something/ be engaged in: take part in a particular activity 从事于，参加-- He wants to engage (himself) in foreign trade.-- Engage someone in conversation.-- We were engaged in a debate.-- I have no time to engage in gossip.engaged:-- She is ~ to a young officer. 订婚-- The line is ~ now. 占线了10. take a gamble/the gamble of doing something: take arisk doing something-- I think she is taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.11. bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance-- He is biding his time for an attack on his political rivals.12.press on/ahead: continue to do something in a determined way-- The Ministry of Education is keen to press on with reforms in English teaching.13. drag on: move slowly and with efforts; continue endlessly and tediously-- The meeting has dragged on the whole day without any resolution.14. swell (swelled-swelled; swelled-swollen)-- The rain swelled the river. (The river overflowed because of the rain)-- Our debt has been swelling. (expand)-- My heart swelled with regret. (be filled with)15. exile:-- Napoleon was first exiled in 1814.exile somebody to (some place)send / force / drive somebody into exile16. catch somebody off guard：make a surprise attack on-- Caught off guard, he was stunned there saying nothing.-- The manager didn’t know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard.17.bring to a halt: stop completely-- Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.18.turn the tide against : change what looks like defeat into victory-- Soviet victory in Stalingrad turned the tide of war.19. thanks to: because of-- Thanks to their tireless efforts, the performance was a great success.20. heroic: very brave-- He is famed for his heroic deeds during the war.21.render: cause to be-- Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.22.reckon: count, consider-- We reckon interest from the day of deposit to day of withdrawal.-- Our children can’t reckon yet.-- He is reckoned among my rivals.-- Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.reckon on: rely onreckon in: count inreckon with: take something into account (不容忽视，不可低估)-- She is certainly a girl to be reckoned with.23. toll:1) the number of people or animals killed or injured:-- The toll of road deaths and injuries keeps on the rise.-- The flood took a toll of 300 lives.2)charge for the use of bridge and road通行费:toll booth收费站; toll bar (收费站的闸口)；toll road 收费道路take its toll on: cause damage or injuries-- His hard work has taken its toll on his stomach.Text B The Normandy Landing1. in case: 万一-- Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.in any case无论如何in case of 万一in the case of 在……情况下2. favorable:-- The situation is ~ to us.-- He is ~ to our plan.3. hold out:-- For those not totally deaf, electronics holds out hope. 电子学给非全聋的人带来了希望。
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程4学生用书课后习题答案（后附testyourself重要词翻译）
UNIT11)多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。
Mr. Doherty and his family are curren tly engage d in gettin g the autumn harves t in on the farm.2)我们不能低估敌人，他们装备了最先进的武器。
We must not underestima te the enemy. They are equipp ed with the most sophis ticat ed weapo n s.3)菲尔已三个月没有找到工作了，正变得越来越绝望。
Having been out of a job/Not having had a job for 3 months, Phil is gettin g increa singl y desperate.4)作为项目经理，山姆办事果断，工作效率高，且判断准确。
Sam, as the project manage r, is decisi ve, effici ent, and accura te in his judgme nt.5)既然已证实这家化工厂是污染源，村委会决定将其关闭，为此损失了一百个工作岗位。
Since the chemic al plantwas identi fiedas the source of pollut ion, the villag e neighb orho o d commit tee decide d to closeit down at the cost of 100 jobs.2.攻势已经持续三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。
The offensive had alread y lasted threedays, but we had not gained much ground.师长命令我们营夜晚绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。
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Unit onebe prepared for sth +现在分词后置定语•He was prepared for the exam coming soon.•He was prepared for the date with a beautiful girl graduating from the university.raw: cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzedIndustrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption.conquest, triumph & victory这三个词都是名词，均含有“胜利”之意。
conquest 指获取胜利或征服，把失败者置于控制之下。
triumph 着重指胜利或成功的辉煌。
victory 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，强调艰辛与成功。
be\get bogged down: be unable to make progress•The local government got bogged down in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.•Most investigations of the issue seem to bog down when they start talking about the effect of existing telecommunications regulations and fees.•当他们开始讨论有关现行电信条款和收费的影响时，这一问题的多项研究似乎就无法进行下去了。
take a gamble: take a risk•I think she's taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.•Take the gamble of doing sth•Take a gamble on (doing) sthpress on / ahead:continue doing sth. in a determined way•Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.usage :verb + adjective•Lay dead or wounded•Fall ill•Sit still•Drop asleep•bide one's time: wait patiently for a chance•His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediouslylimp:1. vi. walk with difficulty, esp. when one foot or leg is hurtThat dog must be hurt —it’s limping.I injured my ankle and had to limp.他一瘸一拐地走出足球场。
He limped off the football field.2. adj. lacking or having lost rigidity, as of structure orsubstance; lacking strength or firmness; weak or spiritlessa limp handshake无力的握手limp opposition微弱的反抗catch sb off guard by: take sb by surpriseIt was a rare moment: Barack Obama, caught off guard by a ten-year-old boy while in the public spotlight.这是个罕见的时刻：奥巴马在公众的注目之下，被一名10岁男孩问了个措手不及。
render: vt. cause (sb./sth.) to be in a specified condition(same as make)The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours.He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back ofthe neck.地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。
Hundreds of people were rendered homelessby the earthquake.casualty:a person who is killed or injured in war or in an accident•First reports of the traffic accident tell of more than 50 casualties.•The battle is being waged in crowded cities, with little chance to attack the Syrian Army without the risk of high civilian casualties.Siege:a military operation in which an army tries to capture a town, etc. by surrounding it and stopping the supply of food, etc. to the people inside•we must do everything possible to lift the siege.•The city was under siege for 6 months.•Under heavy siege bybring to a halt: stop completelyAir traffic in Poland had been brought to a halt by an air traffic controllers’ strike.我们的旅行因风暴而终止。
Our journey was brought to a halt by a storm.---come/grind/crash to a halt 停下来/逐渐停下来/突然停下来---call a halt to sth叫停/中止某事reckon: v. count; consider; thinkThe existence of the U.S. is reckoned from the Declaration of Independence.许多人认为他是一位伟大的篮球运动员。
Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player常用的搭配be reckoned with意为be taken into considerationThe principal was certainly a woman to be reckoned with.reckon, regard, consider & count这几个词都是动词，都有“认为”之意。
reckon用来指对事件全面权衡，在有些非正式的行文中，也用来表示建议或想法。
后面接宾语从句或复合宾语（和as 连用，但在被动语态中也常不带as）。
例如：I reckon it’s time to go.我认为该走了。
They reckon the book as one of his best works.他们认为这本书是他最优秀的作品之一。
regard源自法语，意为看、观察，因此，该词更多地通过对事物外表的评价或视觉感观反映出这一本义。
注意其后一定要用as。
例如：He is generally regarded as an authority on ancient bronzes.一般把他看作是古铜器研究的权威。
consider表示经过深思熟虑或亲身经历之后而相信或确认。
其宾语后面的补足语可以是名词或形容词。
例如：I consider him a good musician.我认为他是一个优秀的音乐家。
They always considered themselves very important.他们总以为自己很了不起。
count 表示看法多侧重于一种判断。
注意其宾语后面不用as。
例如：After such a bad accident you should count yourself lucky you’re since alive.遭此严重的意外你还能活下来，该感到很幸运了。
toll:1. n.1)the number of people or animals killed or injured inparticular circumstancesThe death toll rose from 270 in 1952 to 5,000 in1954.2) money paid for the use of a bridge, road, etc.Each car must pay a toll to cross the bridge.Collocation:charge/exact/impose a toll征收（道路、桥梁等的）通行费levy toll on sb.向某人收费（或征税）war toll战争伤亡人数take a heavy toll造成重大伤亡（或损失）The earthquake took a heavy toll on several villages.这次地震给几个村庄造成重大损失。
take a/its toll造成损失（或危害、伤亡等）The flood took a toll of 3,000,000 lives.洪水造成三百万人死亡。