高级英语第十一课
高级英语thefutureoftheenglish中英笔记
第二册lesson 11 The Future of The English英国人的未来J . B. Priestley JB普里斯特利1 【To write about the English in standard and cosmopolitan political terms, the usual Left-Centre-Right stuff, is almost always wasting time and trouble. The English are different. The English are even more different than they think they are, though not more different than they feel they are. And what they feel — Englishness again - is more important than what they think. It is instinctive feeling and not rational thought that shapes and colours actual events in England. 背诵】若想用世界上流行的标准政治术语，即左、中、右三派这种毫无意义的陈腔老调来描述英国人的话，那多半是白费时间，徒耗精力。
英国人可是与众不同。
他们甚至比自己想象中的英国人还要不同，倒是同他们自己感觉中的英国人差不多。
而他们所感觉到的…这一点再次反映出英国人的特性——比他们想象到的更为重要。
在英国，决定一切事物形式和色彩的不是人的理性思维，而是人的本能感觉。
cosmopolitan (adj.) : common to or representative of all or many parts of the world；not national or local世界性的；不限于国家或地区范围的----------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 For example, although the English seem to be so sharply divided, always indulging in plenty of loud political abuse, there are nothing like so many Communists or neo- or potential Fascists in England as there are in most other countries. Again, although the English seem to have more than their share of rallies, protest marches, confrontations with authority, what could begin to look like a murderous encounter in France or America, or might be a bloody street battle in Japan, would in England end at the worst in a few scuffle s and arrests. This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English, and at the same time, below the noisy arguments, the abuse and the quarrels, there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling, not yet exhausted though it may not befilling up. Not everybody can draw on that reservoir. No doubt there are in England some snarl ing shop steward s who demand freedom for the workers when what they really want is to bring the whole system crashing down, together with every guarantee of liberty. No doubt there are wealthy employers who smile at the TV cameras and declare that all they desire is the friendliest relation with their work force, when at heart they would like to take a whip to the whole idle troublesome mob of them. But there are not many of these men, either on the board or the shop floor, and they are certainly not typical English. Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.举例来说，尽管英国人表面上似乎存在着严重的意见分歧，彼此之间进行政治上的攻击谩骂也是常有的事，但英国却不像许多其他国家一样有那么多的共产主义者以及新的或潜在的法西斯主义分子。
高级英语第三版第二册第十一课FourLawsofEcologyPartI.ppt
The Poverty of Power, a bestseller
• Commoner addressed the "Three E's" that were plaguing the United States in the 1970s:
• First there was the threat to environmental survival; • then there was the apparent shortage of energy; • and now there is the unexpected decline of the economy.
• He criticized Ronald Reagan and George Bush for regulating pollution and not presenting it.
Barry Commoner
(1917 – 2012)
Commoner’s Books
• In the 1950s, Commoner began ng of nuclear weapons, thereby bringing himself into public prominence. In the 1960s, he became involved in other environmental issues; these included pollution and energy sources.
• Commoner also has strong views on social causes of the present environmental situation. He argues, for example, that eliminating Third World debt payments would lesson the economic gap between developed and less developed countries and end the desperation that usually results in overpopulation. This debt forgiveness could also compensate for previous decades of damage inflicted on such countries. Commoner also calls for redistribution of the world's wealth.
高级英语第二册11课课件
Background Knowledge
1) About the Author and His Works 1) A brief introduction to the author, Priestley: /Jpriestley.ht m
The conflict between Admass and Englishness.
Admass:
What is central to Admass is the production and consumption of goods. Dissatisfaction is embedded in Admass Ruthless competitiveness Take man only as a producer and consumer Dependence upon dissatisfaction, greed and envy
The Future of the English
J . B.ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱPriestley
Aims:
1 ) Improving students’ ability to read between lines and understand the text properly; 2) Cultivating students’ ability to make a creative reading; 3) Enhancing students’ ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives
Exposition and Argument
1) Type of literature: part exposition and part persuasion or argument /santab/jeff/sbargue_in dex.html http://homepages.iol.ie/~laoistec/LENGLIS H/lpers.html
高级英语Lesson 11 第1-3段
Lesson 11 – 第1-3段组长苑力超，组员潘家琪，刘欢欢段落重点词汇和表述1.A single knoll rises out of the plain in Oklahoma, north and west of the Wichita Range. For my people, the Kiowas, it is an old landmark, and they gave it the name Rainy Mountain. Th e hardest weather in the world is there. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summer the prairie is an anvil's edge. The grass turns brittle and brown, and it cracks beneath your feet. There are green belts along the rivers and creeks, linear groves of hickory and pecan, willow and witch hazel. At a distance in July or August the steaming fol iage seems almost to writhe in fire. Great green-andyellow grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall grass, popping up like corn to stingthe flesh, and tortoises crawl about on the red earth, going nowhere in the plenty of time. Lo neliness is an aspect of the land. All things in the plain are isolate; there is no confusion of o bjects in the eye, but one hill or one tree or one man. To look upon that landscape in the e arly morning, with the sun at your back, is to lose the sense of proportion. Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.…词语用法knoll n. a small natural hill 小山There is a bower on the Knoll.小山上有一个凉亭。
高级英语第一册 第十一课重点单词
A buse咒骂accelerate加速accuse指出abominable讨厌的automobile机动车anthropologist 人类学家abdicate放弃accuracy精确性admonish警告B rief简短buggy小机动车bombinate嗡鸣barbarism芜杂brevity简短barrier栅栏barn谷仓C ontempt轻视calamity灾难citation引用compel强迫clout抨击convention惯例contemporary 当代的constant坚定的comprehensive广泛的condemned谴责colloquial口语的coincidence 巧合cumbrous笨重conviction信念conspicuous明显的cabin小屋compute计算contraption 新玩意cabinet柜cellar地窖D eterioration变质deplorable糟透的deluge洪水dismay惊慌discrepancy细节dialect方言democracy民主制distinction区别decussate交错E ditorial编辑的eliminate除去extraneous外来的extraordinary非凡的elevation高处enclosure 封入exclude排除F lagrant骇人听闻的fraud欺骗furnish装饰firm坚硬frame框架G ibberish令人费解的话grant同意gyp苦难H oax恶作剧hence因此habitual习惯的I rresponsibility不负责任inseminating使受精insofar程度indication指出illustrative阐释instance例子inadequate不充分的imprecise不严密的ignorant无知J et喷雾L exicographic词典编纂的label标签lease出租landlord地主M onstrous巨大的merriment欢乐mesh网丝meritorious可称赞的O bscure低微的omission省略Oak栎树P hilology语文学procedure程序precisely严密地proposition提议pervasively蔓延地purist语言纯正癖者pivot支点proliferation增生preference偏爱pretentious自负的R emedy补救relegate驱逐restrict限制的revolving旋转的roaring抗议reticulate网状的refuge 庇护removal移动S tature道德scandal丑事sternly严厉地static静态的subtly隐约地scorn轻蔑stiff拘泥的structure物质subsequent其后的seal糊住solemnly肃穆的T out赞扬theoretical理论的trap行李terrain地面U nbridled无约束的underlie成为…的基础unparalleled无比的unprecedented空前的utilitarian 有效的unyielding坚硬的V ariant不同的vanity自负verbosity唠叨vehicle车辆virtue美德W ager赌注。
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案1）谐趣园是仿照无锡的一座花园建造的。
The Garden of Harmonious Interest was modeled on a garden in Wuxi.2）他号召孩子们以 ___英雄为榜样。
He called on the children to model themselves on the PLA heroes.3）这本书应归入哲学类。
This work may be related to philosophy.4）本杰明·富兰克林不仅是政治家，而且还是科学家、发明家。
Benjamin Franklin was as much a scientist and an inventor as a statesman.5）他把每次试验的结果都记在本子上。
He set down all the findings of every experiment in his notebook.6）你能用简明的语言概括这首古诗的中心思想吗？Can you sum up the central idea of this ancient poem in plain terms?7）我们应不断地使自己的思想适应变化的情况。
We should constantly adapt our thinking to the changing conditions.8）年轻的士兵冻死在雪地里，手里还紧握着枪。
The young soldier was frozen to death in the snow, his hands still hanging on to a gun.9）该公司将为他们提供住宿和交通工具。
The said pany will furnishthem with lodging and transportation.10）车速限制在每小时55公里之内。
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案篇一：高级英语第一册课后Lesson 1The Middle Eastern BazaarI．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper— smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don t really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, mooise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation s capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany s mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
自考高级英语下Lesson 11 On Human Nature and Politics
elude
• if something that you want eludes you, you fail to find or achieve it
– The appropriate word eluded him. – 他找不到合适的字眼
• to escape from someone or something, especially by tricking them SYN avoid
acquisitiveness
• strong desire to acquire and possess • We live in an acquisitive society... • 我们生活在一个物欲横流的社会。 • The most acquisitive firms tend to be
• 拜占庭风格的
divans
• a long backless sofa (usually with pillows against a wall)
• Lord Henry stretched himself out on the divan and laughed.
• 亨利勋爵伸手摊脚地躺在沙发椅上，笑着。
city. • 他们住在乡下，但在城里工作。
on that account
• 由于这个[那个]缘故 • I hope you will not on that account reject
what evidence I place before you. • 我希望你不要因此而拒绝我向你提供的证
据。
gratified
• having received what was desired
• He was gratified to hear that his idea had been confirmed...
【ppt课件】高级英语课件第十一课
4. stature:originally a person’s bodily height. Figuratively,
mental or moral quality , development, growth, or level of
attainment, especially as worthy of esteem. Not to be confused
doesn't accelerate. 尽管人们努力想根除腐败，但腐败现象仍存在着，虽然 没有恶化。
Precipitate表示通常引起某事突然地或在时机未成熟时发 生的突然性或匆促性：
The mere mention of the issue precipitated an outburst of indignation during the meeting. 会议上刚一提到这件事就引发了一阵愤怒
dictionary.
flagrant:conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible: 臭名远扬的，丑恶可耻的、讨人厌的
flagrant glaring gross egregious rank:These adjectives refer
to what is conspicuously bad or offensive flagrant crime 滔天罪行 a glaring error; 明显的错误；
deluge of words滔滔不绝的话
After me the D-! After us the D-! (死)后(之)事与我何干! 14. monstrous: ( colloquial )quite absurd,scandalous adj.巨大的, 怪异的, 恐怖的, 凶暴的 adj.<口>难以置信的, 荒谬的 15. abominable : disgusting 16. cause ( for dismay ): a reason, motive or ground for some action or feeling, etc, . Especially sufficient reason (cause for complaint ) When cause means something producing an effect or result, it is followed by the preposition of , e.g. causes of the traffic accidents. 17. They doubted that : “ Lincoln could have modelled his Gettysburg Address” on it: They didn’t believe that Lincoln could have written his famous Gettysburg Address with the language described in the Third International as model.
高级英语第二册Lesson11The Future of the English
J . B. Priestley
Aims:
1 ) Improving students’ ability to read between lines and understand the text properly; 2) Cultivating students’ ability to make a creative reading; 3) Enhancing students’ ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives
Background Knowledge
1) About the Author and His Works 1) A brief introduction to the author, Priestley: /Jpriestley.ht m
2) The Future of the English rests upon the decision made by English workers together with the people on the management side who will have to put an end to the conflict between Admass and Englishness.
Englishness: With its relation to the unconscious Dependence upon instinct and intuition Adherence to the past and deep long roots Not hostile to change and deeply suspicious of change for change’s sake Rejecting being committed to some inevitable mechanical progress
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II. Detailed study of the text
Textual Structure
Part 1: ( 1-3 ): Opening paragraphs: raising the question
Part 2: ( 4 – 13/17): Statements before basic principles
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The broad general findings of descriptive linguistics
1. All languages are systems of human conventions, not systems of natural laws. The first – and essential – step in the study of any language is observing and setting down precisely what happen when native speakers speak it. Each language is unique in its pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary. It cannot be described in terms of logic or of some theoretical, ideal language. It cannot be described in terms of any other language, or even in terms of its own past. All languages are dynamic rather than static, and hence a ―rule‖ in any language can only be a statement of contemporary practice. Change is constant – and normal. ―Correctness‖ can rest only upon usage, for the simple reason that there is nothing else for it to rest on. And all usage is relative.
Lesson Eleven
But What’s a Dictionary For?
By Bergen Evans
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Webster’s Third New International Dictionary -- published in 1961 -- In content , size, shape, and design, this dictionary of 2,752 pages is the great library of the English language. It has over 460,000 entries, 200,000 usage examples, over 3,ooo pictorial illustrations, and more than 1,000 synonym articles. ( addition of 100,000 new words or new definitions that were not included in the Second International Dictionary) -- This unabridged Merriam—Webster involved enormous work and money. over 200 permanent staff of language experts who specialize in dictionary making, together with a hundred special outside consultants. 2013-7-29 2
2.
3. 4.
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Prescriptive vs. Descriptive linguistics
• In linguistics, prescription is the laying down or prescribing of normative rules for the use of a language, or the making of recommendations for effective language usage. It includes the mechanisms for establishing and maintaining an interregional language or a standardized spelling system. (e.g traditoinal grammar) • Prescription is typically contrasted with description, which observes and records how language is used in practice, and which is the basis of all linguistic research. Serious scholarly descriptive work is usually based on text or corpus analysis, or on field studies.
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Prescriptive vs. Descriptive linguistics
• Unlike prescription, descriptive linguistics eschews value judgments and makes no recommendations, without reference to the histories or to comparison with other languages. • Prescription and description are often seen as opposites, in the sense that one declares how language should be while the other declares how language is. But they can also be complementary, and usually exist in a dynamic tension to each other. Most commentators on language show elements of both prescription and description in their thinking, and popular debate on language issues frequently revolves around the question of how to balance these.
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Para.1
The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster’s Third International Dictionary is a curious phenomenon. Never has a scholarly work of this stature been attacked with such unbridled fury and contempt. …Atlantic viewed it as a ―disappointment,‖ a ―shock,‖ a ―calamity,‖ ―a scandal and a disaster. The New York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would ―accelerate the deterioration‖ of the language and sternly accused the editors of betraying a public trust. The Journal…saw the publication as ―deplorable,‖ ―a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility,‖ ― a serious blow to the cause of good English.‖ Life called it ― a non-word deluge,‖ ―monstrous,‖ ―abominable,‖ ―a cause for dismay.‖ They doubted that ― Lincoln could have modelled his Gettysburg Address‖ on it – a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.
Webster’s Third New International Dictionary -- 27 years -- over $3.5 million were spent on the preparation and making of this dictionaries. -- a total of 10 million citations were collected as background for definition. -- three virtues were held for making this new edition: accuracy, clearness, and comprehension. Accuracy always comes first .