选择性必修二Unit3重点语法：过去完成时
Unit 3 Learning About Language英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第二册
• Experiments of this kind had been conducted in Europe before the World War II. 早在“二战”爆发前，欧洲就进行过这种实验。
• He had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last year. 到去年年底为止，他已学会了2000个英语单词了。
Unit 3 Food and Culture Learning About Language
Discover useful structures
过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
01 概念和结构
03 辨析和判定
是过去完成时，上 面的句子主语为人，使用了主动语 态，下面的句子主语为物品，使用 了被动语态。
E Where had they played cricket before the rain started?
F Where had cricket been played by them before the rain started?
1. 表示较早的过去 即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状 态。
• By seven o’clock the worker had worked for ten hours. 到7点钟为止，那位工人已经工作10个小时了。
• We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。
• I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I was not able to leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。
英语：unit 3 《amazing people》 grammar过去完成时(译林牛津版必修2)无答案.doc
英语：Unit 3 《Amazing people》 Grammar过去完成时过去完成时(The past perfect tense)含义：过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或呈现的状态。
也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。
构成： had＋done 被动式： had been done时间状语法：当状语从句中出现by、by the end of +过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时1)He ________ (wash) all the clothes by 6:00 this morning.2) By the end of last month, I ________ (read) three books.3) By the 1987, he __________ (work) in this school句型法：1）主语+过去完成时+when / before/by the time 引导的从句（从句用1）The thieves _______ (run) away, when the police arrived.2）I had brushed my teeth, before he ______ (get) up.3）I __________ (finish) my homework by the time I had supper.2）This/ It was the first/ second ….time+ that 从句（从句用过去完成时）This /It is the first/ second ……time + that从句（从句用现在完成时）1）That was the second time that she _________ (see) her grandfather.2）It was the second time I __________(visit) Shanghai.1. 主语＋had＋hardly(scarcely)＋过去分词＋when(before)＋主语＋一般过去时。
选修二 unit 3 过去完成时用法详解+习题
过去完成时用法详解概念引入：过去完成时是一种在高中阶段非常常见而且非常重要的时态。
同学们很容易将它和一般过去时以及现在完成时混淆。
这篇导学就帮助同学们解决这个问题。
语法讲解过去完成时的概念与结构特点概念：过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（past-in-the-past ）”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->那时以前那时现在构成：过去完成时由“助动词had + 过去分词”构成，其中had 通用于各种人称。
They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.She had finished writing the composition by 10: 00 this morning.过去完成时的判断依据由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。
与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：1. by + 过去的时间点。
如：I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.2. by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.3. before + 过去的时间点。
如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。
高中英语选择性必修第二册Unit3语法过去完成时Discover Useful Srtuctures
过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense
表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。
动作已经完成
1. The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.
动作，表示动作发生的时间是过去的过去。
一般过去时：过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. They had arrived at the station before the train left. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
5.过去完成时时间状语
• Barely/Scarcely had I set foot in the street when I realized
I was lost.
• No sooner had the kid said it than he burst into tears.
Note: 若hardly/scarcely/barely/no sooner 位于句首，则主句 部分部分倒装，即had+主语+done…。
2. It is the first time (that) I h__a_v_e_s_p_o_k_e_n___ (speak) in public.
3. This _w_a__s_ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious (狂怒的).
4. It was the best coffee that I __h_a_d_ ever _t_a_s_te_d_ (taste).
人教版2019 选择性必修二unit3 Learning about Language
3) 用在主句动词是过去式时的宾语从句中。 He wanted to know if the result had been announced (宣布). He told us that the project had been completed.
2. a表. N示a在nc过y h去ad某b一ee时n i间n 之Ch前in已a f经or开fi始ve并ye一ar直s by 持t续he到en那d时of的la动st 作ye或ar.状态。 b. I hadn’t seen Emily since I left London.
3. a表. I示h一ad种pl未an实ne现d 的to愿go望, b或ut想I d法id。n’如t hpalavne,time. bth. iWnke,hmaedatnh等ou。ght to return early but they wouldn’t let us go. c. I had meant to go on Saturday but have stayed on.
A. completely flat B. something that is very easy
to do C. an issue that is hard to deal
with D. to include large numbers of
something E. to earn one's living to
number H. an actor who performs
badly, especially by overemphasizing emotions
UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE-高二英语(人教版2019选择性必修第二册)
路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句时间状语为in
the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现
在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在完成时态。B选项正确。
实战高考
Are you ready?
3.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. A. had hoped B. am hoping C. have hoped D. would hope 【答案】A
在换工作之前，我姐姐已经在那家公司工作了10年。
He had been ill for a week when he was sent to hospital.
当他被送进医院就医时，他已经病了一个星期了。
I had worked in a car factory for two years befor学了多少个英语单词？
How long had Mr. Brown lived in the south before he came here？
来这儿以前布朗先生在南方住了多久？ Mark was disappointed that when he got the station the train had
Translation
She had worked for twelve hours by 8 :00 p.m.
到晚上8点钟，她已经工作12个小时了。
My elder sister had worked in the company for ten years before she changed her job.
选择性必修二英语《Unit 3 Times change!》Using language
（3）在一个区域，一场读书活动正在举行中。 In one area, a book reading was being delivered.
(4) 越来越多的顾客正被连锁商店和网上打折所吸引。 More and more customers were being attracted by chain stores and
（1）在清洗的时候，有两个玻璃被打碎了。 Two of the glasses were broken when they were being washed.
(2) 我看见书正在被打包装进盒子里。 I saw the books were already being packed into boxes.
old market. It would be turned into a modern
shopping mall. The old gate was being torn down.
The wooden stands were பைடு நூலகம்eing removed.
Rubbish was being cleared away from the floor.
Unit 3 Times change
把下列句子变为被动语态
4. People were not hunting wild animals. →_W__i_ld__an_i_m_a_l_s_w_e_r_e_n_o_t _b_ei_n_g_h_u_n_t_ed__b_y_p_e_o_p_le_.__________________ 5. We were taking advantage of the international market then. →_T__h_e_in_t_e_rn_a_ti_o_n_a_l _m_a_r_ke_t_w__er_e_b_e_i_n_g_ta_k_e_n_a_d_v_a_n_ta_g_e_o_f_t_h_e_n_. _______ 6. Was the doctor examining the patient? →__W__as__th_e_p_a_t_ie_n_t_b_e_in_g_e_x_a_m_i_n_e_d_b_y_t_h_e_d_o_c_to_r_?__________________
高二英语选择性必修第二册(2020版)_Unit3_Discovering_Useful语法-精讲破
Unit3 Discovering Useful Structures and Listening and Talking 语法-精讲破过去完成时及其被动语态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作（即“过去的过去”）。
过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成，其被动形式为had been done。
常用过去完成时的几种情况：观察1By the end of last year，we had produced 20，000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station.Had the new plan been discussed before the meeting？By the time he got to the school，the first period had been finished.It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.I had finished reading the novel by nine o’clock last night.归纳1过去的时刻常用包含①等的介词短语或时间状语从句来表示，过去完成时常用于表示在此之②已完成的动作，即③，还可表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。
观察2We had hoped that you would come，but you didn’t.I had thought we might travel as far as Oak Valley，but we only managed the first lap of the journey.I had wished festival activities should attract her, but these didn’t work.归纳2表示④的希望、打算、意图、诺言等常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等。
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选择性必修二Unit3重点语法：过去完成时
【基础知识讲解】
1．表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。
即“过去的过去”。
可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
By nine o'clock last night，we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。
2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.
他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。
3．叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
史密斯先生昨天去世了。
他以前是我的好友。
I didn't know a thing about the verbs，for I had not studied my lesson.
我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。
4．在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the book that I had borrowed.
我已归还了我借的书。
She found the key that she had lost.
她丢失的钥匙找到了。
5．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well.
他说他很熟悉她。
I thought I had sent the letter a week before.
我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
6．状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
如：when，before，after，as soon as，till/until引导的复合句。
When I woke up，it had already stopped raining.
我醒来时雨已停了。
She didn't go to bed until she had finished her work.
她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
After he arrived in England，Marx worked hard to improve his English.
马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。
7．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.
他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。
We had hoped to be able to come and see you.
我们本来希望能来看看你。
8．过去完成时还可用在hardly...when...，no sooner...than ...，it was the first (second，etc) time (that)．..等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.
他刚到就又走了。
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.
这是他那一年第三次失业了。
【过关检测】
翻译句子
1．【★★★】她告诉我她当空中乘务员好几年了。
She told me that she had been an air hostess for quite a few years.
2．【★★★】她说她已来过上海。
She said that she had been to Shanghai.
3．【★★★】我们到日本前学过一点日语。
We had studied a little Japanese before we came to Japan.
4．【★★★】我不想看那部戏剧，因为我已经看过了。
I didn't want to see the play because I had already seen it．
5．【★★★】到上学期末，我们已读了十篇短篇小说。
By the end of last term we had read ten short stories．
6．【★★★】这是他第一次输掉比赛。
It was the first time he had lost the game．
7．【★★★】投资黄金一直被认为是万无一失的赚钱方法。
Investment in gold has been seen as a sure route to make money.
8．【★★★】经过短暂的步行，我们到达尸体被人发现的地方。
After a short walk，we arrived at the place where the body had been found.
9．【★★★】然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。
However，a few days later，he was told that a mistake had been made．
10. 【★★★】我半夜回来时，她还没有做完工作。
When I came back at midnight she still hadn't finished the work．
用适当的单词变形填空
1．By the time we got a report，the firemen __________ (put) out the fire in the bar already.
【答案】had put
解析：句意：我们报道的时候，消防员已经扑灭了酒吧的火，过去的过去，我们报道发生过去，而我们报道的时候消防员已经完成了灭火。
故用过去完成时。
2．We'll have to wait in line. The fastfood restaurant __________ (be) shorthanded for weeks.
【答案】had been
解析：我们必须要排队，这个快餐店已经连续几个周人手不足了。
叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去
发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
3．She __________ (want) to help you but she had no time then.
【答案】had wanted
解析他那时想帮你，但是她一直没时间。
想这件事发生在过去，且已经完成。
4．All the film tickets __________ (sell) out when I got to the cinema.
【答案】had been told
解析当我到的时候，我被告知所有的票被卖完了。
过去的过去。