增词法减词法补充,课后看

通过英译汉中的增词法减词法复习汉译英增词法减词法

I. What is Omission

Omission:

Amplification

to leave out some unnecessary words.

One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording.What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block”in the other.For the sake of succinctness,functional words in English such as the article,the preposition are usually omitted in translation.

The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones.

电子表比机械表准确得多。

He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers，went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked hiswife to bring him a cup of tea.

他脱了大衣和鞋子，然后穿上拖鞋，走到沙发前，开始看电视。过了一会儿，他叫妻子给他端杯茶来。

3) A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence.

邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。

邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。（思果，《译道探微》，中国对外翻译出版公司，2002）II. Omission of pronoun

1.在英语中，代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑，避免重复用词，汉语习惯采用无主句，其主语就是前面的代词。

He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.

他消瘦而憔悴，看上去痛苦不堪的样子（一副可怜相）

He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any party.He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when hedid it was with an originality that pleased.

他很聪明，舞跳得不错，枪打得也可以，网球也打得挺好，深得（女孩子）喜爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿，任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客，请起来也别有一番创意，让人开心不已。

2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时，常常可以省略，翻译成无主句。

一进房间门，就会看见一台钢琴。

One can never be too careful in one’s work.

工作越仔细越好。

Fight when youcan win; move away when you cannot win.

打得赢就打，打不赢就走。

We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day.

一周有七天，一天有24小时。

知识是人到老年舒适而又必须的归宿。如果年轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树阴的遮蔽。

尽管医生建议休息，他也知道休息本身是不够的，如果心情不平静，是休息不好的。

4）We live and learn.

活到老，学到老。

3.作宾语的代词,翻译时也可以省略.

Please take off the old picture and throw itaway.

请把那张旧画摘下来扔掉。

Gathering facts, confirming them, suggesting theories, testingthem, and organizing findings–this is all work of science.

收集事实并加以论证，提出理论并加以检验，以及归纳整理研究成果——这全都是科学工作的内容。

4.物主代词在英语中出现的频率非常高，翻译时完全可以省略他们。

So the train came,he pinched hislittle sister lovingly,and put hisgreat arms about hismother’s neck and then was away.

火车来了，他爱抚地捏了一下小妹妹，用两条巨大的胳膊搂了一下母亲的脖子，然后走了。

Halliday put his pipe down, crossed his hands behind his neck, and turned his face towards the window.

哈利德放下烟斗，两手交叉放在脖子后面，转过头去看窗户。

Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face was short, her upper lip short ,showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight.

她的黑发蓬松地飘拂在宽宽的前额，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出亮亮的牙齿；眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。

5.“It”作代词时，也常常可以省略。

It is not entirely right to say that ifthere is food,let everyone share it.

说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。

Outside it was pitch dark and itwas raing cats and dogs.

外面漆黑一团，下着瓢泼大雨。