美国文学课马克吐温
“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”
Setting
“The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” takes place in the mid- to late 19th century, shortly after the California Gold Rush of 1849. Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Works
Running for Governor《竞选州长》 The £1,000,000 Bank-Note《百万英镑》 The Gilded Age《镀金时代》 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County ( his first story) 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》 The innocent abroad《傻子出国记》
Life experience
Born in Florida, Missouri, on November 30, 1835. When he was four, Twain's family moved to Hannibal. In 1847 the death of his father brought an end to his carefree days, and he had to go to work at the age of 12 as a printer’s apprentice（学徒）. In 1851, he began working as a typesetter and contributor （ 投稿者）of articles and humorous sketches （素描） for a newspaper owned by his brother.
characters. He is portrayed as the butt of a joke, the joke being haven to listen to the fantastic tales of a garrulous old man named Simon Wheeler.
Theme
Life experience
Mark Twain died of illness on April 21, 1910. When he passed away, newspapers around the country declared, “The whole world is mourning”.
Works
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》 Roughing It 《苦行记》 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆· 索亚历险记》 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利· 费恩历险记》
Life experience--some tragic events of his later life
the failure of his investments, his fatiguing travels and lectures in order to pay off his debts, the death of his wife and two daughters the darkening social life Some critics link these tragic events with the change of style in his later works, from an optimist and humorist to an almost despairing determinist.
马克· 吐温 四大名著
Writing Characteristics of Mark Twain
Early stage: Active & humor Mid-term: Satire（讽刺） Later period: Pessimistic & desperate He used a lot of colloquial idioms（俚语） and colloquial syntax（口语）and made his writing full of allegories（寓言） that lay behind the humor.
contents
Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer. Twain was born shortly after an appearance of Halley's Comet, and he predicted that he would "go out with it" as well; he died the day after the comet returned. He was lauded as the "greatest humorist this country has produced", and William Faulkner called him "the father of American literature".
Life experience
In 1863,he worked at a Virginia City newspaper. Here he first used his pen name. In 1864,Twain moved to San Francisco, still as a journalist. His first success as a writer came when his humorous tall tale, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," was published in 1865. It brought him national attention. On February 2, 1870, Twain married Olivia Langdon, the only daughter of a wealthy New York businessman.Βιβλιοθήκη Life experience
From 1857 to 1861,Twain worked as a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River. This occupation gave him his pen name, Mark Twain. On Mississippi riverboats, two fathoms, a depth indicating safe water for passage of boat, was measured on the sounding line. “Mark twain” was a call used by sailors.
Characters
Andrew Jackson: Jim Smiley’s bull-pup, Andrew Jackson, was used by Jim in various bets. The Fifteen-Minute Nag :The Fifteen-Minute Nag is the name given to Jim Smiley’s horse. An old and rather sickly animal, The FifteenMinute Nag was used by Jim in many of his bets. Jim Smiley: Jim Smiley is the focus of Simon Wheeler’s tale. A resident of Calaveras County’s Angel’s Camp in either 1849 or 1850, Jim is primarily known for his love for betting and will bet on almost anything — no matter how ridiculous. The Stranger: a con artist .
Dan’l Webster: the “notorious jumping frog of Calaveras County.” He is caught
by Jim Smiley and trained to jump high, far, and on command.
Mark Twain :the author and narrator of the story, as well as one of its
Background: Gold Rush
This story is set in the gold rush. In 1848, in California gold was discovered, a rapid movement of people to the newly discovered goldfield. The Easterners had a reputation for being civilized, cultured, and advanced; whereas the Westerners were considered to be less-educated, less-refined and easy to be deceived. California was a world of men, isolated, homesick, and eager for entertainment. Gambling was one of the easiest and most popular ways to amuse themselves.
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美国文学马克吐温
Ⅲ.Humor and Application in Mark Twain’s works 1.Definition of humor In Webster’s New Dictionary,(p.658) (1). Humor is the ability to perceive, appreciate, or express what is funny, amusing, or ludicrous. (2). The expression of this in speech, writing or action.
Humor Employed in Mark Twain’s Works
马克吐温作品中“幽默”的运用
Content 内容
Ⅰ.Introduction of Local Colorism （地方色彩主义简介） Ⅱ .Introduction of Mark Twain （马克吐温简介） Ⅲ.Humor and Application in Mark Twain’s works （幽默及马克吐温作品中幽默的运用） Ⅳ.Homework（作业）
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Tom Sawyer Aunt Polly Town boy: Ben
Question: What can you learn from this story? A law of human nature: Work is whatever we have to do, but play is whatever we want to do. 工作是我们不得不去做的事情，而 游戏是我们想要去做的事情。
(4)occupations : Apprenticeship to a printer Pilot on the Mississippi —Material for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) Minor Newspaper reporter Famous writer
Mark Twain 马克吐温 -美国文学课件
3. His father died when he was 12 and then he left school.
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
4. He lived on all kinds of odd jobs and then went to the West. He worked as a reporter there and wrote lots of frontier humors.
His Position in American Literature
One of the great writers of American literature, Twain is admired for capturing typical American experiences in a language which is realistic and charming.
Mark Twain’s experience with Simon Wheeler and Wheeler’s stories about Jim Smiley both occur in Angel’s Camp, a mining settlement located in Calaveras County, California. Wheeler tells stories to Twain in a local bar, the type of place where stories were often shared.
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
美国文学 马克吐温及其作品赏析 Mark Twain
movement. The truthful depiction of the common people added strength to the Realism which Howells championed with James and Mark Twain.
2. The local spirit continues to inspire and fertilize the
求自由，反对腐朽的黑奴制度的主题。美国著名作家海明威说，“一切
现代美国文学来自一本书，即马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险 记》„„这是我们所有书中最好的。一切美国文学都来自这本书，在它
之前，或在它之后，都不曾有过能与之媲美的作品。”
Major Themes
slavery and racism. in the novel, by exposing the hypocrisy of
1889
B. 1870s-90s: later works become darker and more obscure,
showing his discontent and disappointment toward the social
reality.
The Gilded Age 1873 Life on Mississippi 1883 The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 1876 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1886
Mark Twain (1835-1910)
Local Colorism (Regionalism)
As a literary trend, local colorism first appeared in the late
世界著名作家马克吐温生平及作品介绍
成长环境
在成长过程中，马克·吐温深受家乡文化和西部荒野的影响，这为他的作品提供 了丰富的素材。
马克·吐温的成长经历
教育背景
马克·吐温曾在汉尼巴尔的一所学校接受教育，但因家境困难 而辍学。
早期职业
马克·吐温曾从事过多种职业，包括印刷学徒、记者、排字工 人等。
马克·吐温的职业生涯
写作生涯
马克·吐温的写作生涯始于19世纪50年代，他开始在报纸上发表文章。
世界著名作家马克·吐温 生平及作品介绍
CATALOGUE
目 录
• 马克·吐温的生平 • 马克·吐温的作品风格 • 马克·吐温的代表作品介绍 • 马克·吐温的作品对后世的影响 • 马克·吐温的历史地位和贡献
01
CATALOGUE
马克·吐温的生平
马克·吐温的出生背景
家庭背景
马克·吐温出生于1835年，美国密苏里州佛罗里达镇，一个贫穷的律师家庭。
对世界文学的影响
跨文化交流
马克·吐温的作品不仅在美国本土受到欢迎，还被翻译成多种语言，成为跨文化交流的桥梁。
文学地位
马克·吐温的作品被视为世界文学的经典之一，他的作品被广泛阅读和研究，对世界文学的发展产生了积极的影响 。
对后代作家的启示和影响
创作理念
马克·吐温的创作理念和手法为后代作家提供了重要的启示，他的作品成为了学习和模仿的范本。
和愚蠢。
马克·吐温的幽默风格具有鲜明 的个性和独特的魅力，使他成为 美国文学史上最著名的幽默作家
之一。
批判时代的尖锐笔触
马克·吐温的作品在批判社会现 象方面具有深刻的洞见和尖锐 的笔触。
他以锐利的笔锋剖析社会问题 ，揭示社会不公和人性弱点， 引发读者对社会现实的思考。
在成长过程中，马克·吐温深受家乡文化和西部荒野的影响，这为他的作品提供 了丰富的素材。
马克·吐温的成长经历
教育背景
马克·吐温曾在汉尼巴尔的一所学校接受教育，但因家境困难 而辍学。
早期职业
马克·吐温曾从事过多种职业，包括印刷学徒、记者、排字工 人等。
马克·吐温的职业生涯
写作生涯
马克·吐温的写作生涯始于19世纪50年代，他开始在报纸上发表文章。
世界著名作家马克·吐温 生平及作品介绍
CATALOGUE
目 录
• 马克·吐温的生平 • 马克·吐温的作品风格 • 马克·吐温的代表作品介绍 • 马克·吐温的作品对后世的影响 • 马克·吐温的历史地位和贡献
01
CATALOGUE
马克·吐温的生平
马克·吐温的出生背景
家庭背景
马克·吐温出生于1835年，美国密苏里州佛罗里达镇，一个贫穷的律师家庭。
对世界文学的影响
跨文化交流
马克·吐温的作品不仅在美国本土受到欢迎，还被翻译成多种语言，成为跨文化交流的桥梁。
文学地位
马克·吐温的作品被视为世界文学的经典之一，他的作品被广泛阅读和研究，对世界文学的发展产生了积极的影响 。
对后代作家的启示和影响
创作理念
马克·吐温的创作理念和手法为后代作家提供了重要的启示，他的作品成为了学习和模仿的范本。
和愚蠢。
马克·吐温的幽默风格具有鲜明 的个性和独特的魅力，使他成为 美国文学史上最著名的幽默作家
之一。
批判时代的尖锐笔触
马克·吐温的作品在批判社会现 象方面具有深刻的洞见和尖锐 的笔触。
他以锐利的笔锋剖析社会问题 ，揭示社会不公和人性弱点， 引发读者对社会现实的思考。
《马克吐温》PPT课件_OK
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• 90年代以后的20年间（19世纪末），随着美国由前垄断资 本主义进入帝国主义时期，马克·吐温的创作也转入了一 个新的阶段，在后期的许多政治、杂文和短篇小说中，表 现了他对帝国主义侵略势力的斥责，对亚非拉人民反帝反 殖的同情。《傻瓜威尔逊》（1893），通过一个女黑奴的 不幸遭遇，写出了美国黑人受压迫的情况和他们对自由、 幸福的向往。1893年后，作者先后访问了非、欧、亚、澳 各洲的许多地方，旅途中写成了随笔集《赤道旅行记》（ 1897）、短篇小说《败坏了德赫莱堡的人》（1899）等作 品。此次旅行，马克·吐温目击了殖民主义者对殖民地人 民的血腥掠夺。
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• 马克·吐温对中国人民反对帝国主义侵略的英勇 斗争也表示了支持。早在1868年他在《对华和约》 的杂文中，就斥责了侵略者强拓租界的无耻行径 。
• 一件件苦痛的私人遭遇笼罩着吐温的晚年。但私
人的苦痛并没有使他失掉创作的精力。吐温把他
那非凡的灵活，对劳动的热爱和对社会生活的积
极性一直保持到迟暮的晚年。直到逝世前夕，还
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三、《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》
• 1886年发表的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是马克·吐 温最优秀的作品，也是美国文学史上的一部重要的作 品。小说叙述白人孩子哈克为了躲避父亲的毒打而外 逃。黑奴吉姆听说女主人要把他卖掉，也逃了出来， 想到不买卖黑奴的“自由州”去。在路上，吉姆遇见 哈克，于是他们俩率着木伐顺着密西西比河漂流，一 路上互相关心，互相依靠，结成深厚的友谊。可是他 们不但没有找到“自由州”卡罗镇，反而遇上自称“ 国王”和“公爵”的两个骗子。这两个家伙想把吉姆 卖掉。哈克在汤姆的帮助下把吉姆救了出来。最后哈 克才知道根据女主人的遗嘱，吉姆已经获得了自由。
美国文学之马克吐温,亨利詹姆士 Mark Twain and Henry James演示课件
1
Topic 1―American Realism
1. Definition of Realism ◆ Term applied to literary composition that aims to an
interpretation of the actualities of any aspects of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. ◆ In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War.
Topic 1―American Realism
1. Definition of Realism ◆ Term applied to literary composition that aims to an
interpretation of the actualities of any aspects of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. ◆ In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War.
MarkTwain马克吐温美国文学PPT课件
Bret Harte,“The Outcasts of Poker Flat”, “Tennessee’s Partner”
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mary E. W. Freeman, “A New England Nun” Kate Chopin, The Awakening Mark died when he was 12 and then he left school.
2
Realism:
➢ Realism originated in France as reálisme. ➢ It called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. ➢ Some representatives are: Zola, Flaubert, Balzac and Dostoyevsky.
5
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
Henry James (1843—1916), Daisy Miller (1878), The Ambassadors (1903), The Wings of the Dove (1902) and The Art of Fiction.
Mark Twain & “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County”
1
Historical Background:
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mary E. W. Freeman, “A New England Nun” Kate Chopin, The Awakening Mark died when he was 12 and then he left school.
2
Realism:
➢ Realism originated in France as reálisme. ➢ It called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. ➢ Some representatives are: Zola, Flaubert, Balzac and Dostoyevsky.
5
Representative writers:
William Dean Howells (1837—1920), The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) and Criticism and Fiction.
Henry James (1843—1916), Daisy Miller (1878), The Ambassadors (1903), The Wings of the Dove (1902) and The Art of Fiction.
Mark Twain & “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County”
1
Historical Background:
美国文学史PPT马克吐温
Assessment
• 马克 · 吐温是 19 世纪美国现实主义 文学的主要奠基 人之一，他在现实 主义小说语言风格方面为美国文 学 的发展做出了卓越的贡献。用美国 小说家和评论 家威廉· 狄恩· 豪威尔 斯的话来说 ，他是 “ 美国 文学 的 林肯”。 • 马克 · 吐温是第一位用地道的美国 口语写作 的美国作家，他的《哈克 贝利 · 费恩历险记》为美国 小说的 语言带来意义深远的变化，奠定了 美国文学 口语化风格的基础。他那 清新幽默的文笔，毫无雕 琢的朴素 语言开创了美国小说口语化的先河， 对后 世作家产生巨大影响。
Assessment
海伦· 凯勒曾言：“我喜欢马克· 吐 温 ——谁会不喜欢他呢？即使是上帝，
亦会钟爱他，赋予其智慧，并于其心 灵里绘画出一道爱与信仰的彩虹。”
威廉· 福克纳称他为“第一位真正的美 国作家，我们都是继承他而来 ”。他 是美国乡土文学的集大成者。 海明威曾经说过“ 一切当代美国文学 都起源于马克 · 吐温一本叫《哈克贝 里· 费恩历险记tion
However ， he lacked financial acumen. Though he made a great deal of money from his writings and lectures, he squandered it on various ventures, and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Twain worked hard to ensure that all of his creditors were paid in full, even though his bankruptcy had relieved him of the legal responsibility.
Mark_Twain美国文学 ppt课件
Mark_Twain美国文学
汤姆索亚利历险记
哈克费恩历险记
王子与贫儿
Mark_Twain美国文学
《卡拉韦拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》(1867)、《傻子 国外旅行记》(1869)、《艰苦岁月》(1872)、 《镀金时代》(1873，与查尔斯·达德利·沃纳合 写)、《汤姆·索耶历险记》(1876)、《国外流浪 汉》(1880)、《王子与贫儿》(1882)、《密西西 比河上》(1883)、《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》 (1884)、《亚瑟王朝廷上的康涅狄格州美国人》 (1889)、《傻瓜威尔逊》(1894)、《贞德传》 (1896)。他去世后出版的作品有：《神秘的来 客》(1916)、《马克·吐温的笔记本》(1935)和 《自传》(1959)
Mark_Twain美 国文学
Mark Twain died of illness on April 21, 1910. When he passed away, newspapers around the country declared, “The whole world is mourning.” By then, Samuel Clemens had long since ceased to be a private citizen. He had become Mark Twain, a proud possession of the American nation.
Life experience
Mark Twain was born at Florida, Missouri, a little town in Mississippi.At the death of his father in 1847, Twain ,11 years old ,had left school to be an apprentice to a printer. Then a brief but glorious career as a Mississippi River steamboat pilot ended when the river was blockaded at the beginning of the Civil War.
知名文学著名作家介绍马克吐温
1873年他同查·沃纳合写的《镀金时代》，是他第一部长篇小说。 1871年马克·吐温举家移居东部康涅狄格州哈特福德，这时他已 成为有名的作家和幽默演说家。此后的几年是他创作的丰收年代。
01
AUTHOR PROFILE
作家简介
1900年10月，在离开美国旅居欧洲几近十年之后，他和全家回到美国，受到热 烈欢迎，成为文艺界的领袖。1900年以后发表的许多时论作品，锋芒仍未削减。 1904年，妻子在意大利逝世。马克·吐温进入了事业的最后阶段。他早期作品如 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》中已有表现的对“人类”（实为对有产阶级）的悲观情 绪，此时成了他一些作品的主调。中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）， 散文《人是怎么回事？》（1906），故事《神秘的来客》（1916）等都有反映。 晚年最重要的著作是他口授、由他的秘书笔录的《自传》。 1910年4月21日，马克·吐温因狭心症不治逝世，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
YOUR LOGO
A UNIVERSITY
演讲人：
时间：20XX.XX
12岁时，父亲去世，他只好停学，到工厂当小工。曾做过密西西比河的领航员、矿工及新闻记者工作。渐渐地手写一些有趣的小 说，开始了自己的写作生涯。 代表作品有小说《百万英镑》《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。 马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，马克·吐温一生写了大量作品，体裁涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。从内容 上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心； 从风格上说，专家们和一般读者都认为，幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其 思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段，前期以辛辣的讽刺见长，到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。
01
AUTHOR PROFILE
作家简介
1900年10月，在离开美国旅居欧洲几近十年之后，他和全家回到美国，受到热 烈欢迎，成为文艺界的领袖。1900年以后发表的许多时论作品，锋芒仍未削减。 1904年，妻子在意大利逝世。马克·吐温进入了事业的最后阶段。他早期作品如 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》中已有表现的对“人类”（实为对有产阶级）的悲观情 绪，此时成了他一些作品的主调。中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》（1900）， 散文《人是怎么回事？》（1906），故事《神秘的来客》（1916）等都有反映。 晚年最重要的著作是他口授、由他的秘书笔录的《自传》。 1910年4月21日，马克·吐温因狭心症不治逝世，安葬于纽约州艾玛拉。
YOUR LOGO
A UNIVERSITY
演讲人：
时间：20XX.XX
12岁时，父亲去世，他只好停学，到工厂当小工。曾做过密西西比河的领航员、矿工及新闻记者工作。渐渐地手写一些有趣的小 说，开始了自己的写作生涯。 代表作品有小说《百万英镑》《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。 马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，马克·吐温一生写了大量作品，体裁涉及小说、剧本、散文、诗歌等各方面。从内容 上说，他的作品批判了不合理现象或人性的丑恶之处，表达了这位当过排字工人和水手的作家强烈的正义感和对普通人民的关心； 从风格上说，专家们和一般读者都认为，幽默和讽刺是他的写作特点。他经历了美国从初期资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其 思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段，前期以辛辣的讽刺见长，到了后期语言更为暴露激烈。