英语四级仔细阅读方法和技巧
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• 3. 隐含型：to summarize/ to sum up
• Example 1: Oceanography has been defined as "The
application of all sciences to the study of the sea " Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between .Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work .
• Example : A rapid means of long-distance
transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地 ) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for along time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines .
技巧性的方面，我们建议大家，可采用这种方 法：
1、 拿到一篇文章，先把问题看一遍； 2、 然后阅读第一遍，不超过2分钟；
3、 找出每个段落的中心句和全文的中心句， 答案往往就在中心句所在的段落里。
4、 最后就是在段落里找答案了。
还有谨防以偏概全，偷换概念，将主流的观点 代替作者的观点等答案陷阱。
• 根据大学英语阅读理解测试能力的要求，阅读 理解的试题类型可以分为以下五大类：主旨题、 细节题、语义题、推理题和观点态度题。通过对 历年大学英语四级试题的分析，阅读理解部分五 类题型所占比重分别为：细节题占60%左右，主 旨题和推理题各占15%左右，语义题和观点态度 题各占5%左右。在近年的四级考试中，阅读理解 题型不断变化，较难的主旨类和推理类比重加大。 尽管所选材料题材广泛，包罗万象，但其体裁选 用和题型设置相对稳定，提问方式大同小异，因 而考生可通过熟悉各种题型及其应试策略，提高 阅读理解部分的做题正确率。
在备考的基础阶段，先进行模拟阅读，调整状 态，巩固词汇的记忆。阅读练习应把重点放 在真题上，比如2000年到2010年的真题阅读 需要全部细读琢磨几轮。直到每一篇文章的 单词都认识，所有的答案解析全都理解。还 可以抽时间将真题朗读一遍以培养语感。
二、阅读部分备考，词汇是基础， 同时要加强历年真题的练习
• had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile( 轮廓)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853 , for information on this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(试探)were taken investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid , but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
深度阅读
一、四级阅读理解题型介绍
• 仔细阅读部分要求考生阅读三篇短文。两篇 为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度 为300—350词。一篇为选词填空(Banked Cloze)或简答题(Short Answer Questions)。 选词填空篇章长度为200—250词，简答题篇 章长度为300—350词。但从2007年6月以来 的考试全部考查的是选词填空而没有考查简 答题。
• 2. 变相型：What’s the best title? / What’s the author’s writing purpose?/ The primary purpose of the passage is to…… / The author is primarily concerned with ……
一、四级阅读理解题型介绍
• 仔细阅读部分测试考生在不同层面上的阅读 理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、 综合分析、推测判断wk.baidu.com及根据上下文推测词 义等。
• 选词填空测试考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解 和运用能力。要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词 汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的 词汇填空，使短文复原。
• The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska west-ward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific .The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land Actual work on this project began four years later. money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to. cover a greater distance than the other. In l869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah.
1.主旨题
• 主旨题是对文章中心思想的提问，主要考查对 文章进行概括或总结的能力，要求在阅读短文 时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主 要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字 里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作 者的情感倾向。
1.主旨题
主旨题出题形式：主要是参考文章开头，文章结 尾
• 1. 直白型：What’s the main idea (central idea)？ / What’s the passage mainly about? / The passage focuses primarily on which of the following ……/The major point of this passage is…
D) the early intercontinental communications
本题问及全篇的中心思想。通过快读（skimming ）我 们知道这是一篇叙述“海洋学”的文章。第一段谈的是 关于“海洋学”的定义；第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感 兴对趣的科学家不多；第三段谈到由于有人提了铺设海 底电缆，人们才开始研究“海底深处究竟是什么”；第 四段说Maury考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起广泛的 注意；第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生 物；最后一段是海洋学研究的成果。可见全篇主要是讲 海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，所以正确答案是A）。 文章有好几个地方谈到铺设海底电缆B）和越洋通讯 （D），但都是围绕着海洋学这条主线的。至于C)，测 量海洋深度，只是一个细节，不可能是文章的中心意思。
This passage is mainly about_____________.
A) the beginnings of oceanography
B) the laying of the first undersea cable
C) the investigation of ocean depths
• 大学英语四级考试的阅读文章体裁有记叙 文、说明文、议论文，其中说明文和议论 文为主要测试文体；在阅读题材方面，科 技类大约占25%，人文类大约占45%，经 济类大约占15%，综合类大约占5%，环境 类比例小，近几年有上升趋势。因此，学 生应针对不同的体裁和题材进行有侧重点 的备考复习。
二、阅读部分备考，词汇是基础， 同时要加强历年真题的练习
For most people the sea was remote , and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others , who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to what lay beneath the surface ,The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of oceans "?
• Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples form the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895 .
• Example 1: Oceanography has been defined as "The
application of all sciences to the study of the sea " Before the nineteenth century ,scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between .Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings ,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work .
• Example : A rapid means of long-distance
transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement(新拓居地 ) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for along time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines .
技巧性的方面，我们建议大家，可采用这种方 法：
1、 拿到一篇文章，先把问题看一遍； 2、 然后阅读第一遍，不超过2分钟；
3、 找出每个段落的中心句和全文的中心句， 答案往往就在中心句所在的段落里。
4、 最后就是在段落里找答案了。
还有谨防以偏概全，偷换概念，将主流的观点 代替作者的观点等答案陷阱。
• 根据大学英语阅读理解测试能力的要求，阅读 理解的试题类型可以分为以下五大类：主旨题、 细节题、语义题、推理题和观点态度题。通过对 历年大学英语四级试题的分析，阅读理解部分五 类题型所占比重分别为：细节题占60%左右，主 旨题和推理题各占15%左右，语义题和观点态度 题各占5%左右。在近年的四级考试中，阅读理解 题型不断变化，较难的主旨类和推理类比重加大。 尽管所选材料题材广泛，包罗万象，但其体裁选 用和题型设置相对稳定，提问方式大同小异，因 而考生可通过熟悉各种题型及其应试策略，提高 阅读理解部分的做题正确率。
在备考的基础阶段，先进行模拟阅读，调整状 态，巩固词汇的记忆。阅读练习应把重点放 在真题上，比如2000年到2010年的真题阅读 需要全部细读琢磨几轮。直到每一篇文章的 单词都认识，所有的答案解析全都理解。还 可以抽时间将真题朗读一遍以培养语感。
二、阅读部分备考，词汇是基础， 同时要加强历年真题的练习
• had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile( 轮廓)of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured. It was to Maury of US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853 , for information on this matter. In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(试探)were taken investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea. The cable was laid , but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
深度阅读
一、四级阅读理解题型介绍
• 仔细阅读部分要求考生阅读三篇短文。两篇 为多项选择题型的短文理解测试，每篇长度 为300—350词。一篇为选词填空(Banked Cloze)或简答题(Short Answer Questions)。 选词填空篇章长度为200—250词，简答题篇 章长度为300—350词。但从2007年6月以来 的考试全部考查的是选词填空而没有考查简 答题。
• 2. 变相型：What’s the best title? / What’s the author’s writing purpose?/ The primary purpose of the passage is to…… / The author is primarily concerned with ……
一、四级阅读理解题型介绍
• 仔细阅读部分测试考生在不同层面上的阅读 理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、 综合分析、推测判断wk.baidu.com及根据上下文推测词 义等。
• 选词填空测试考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解 和运用能力。要求考生阅读一篇删去若干词 汇的短文，然后从所给的选项中选择正确的 词汇填空，使短文复原。
• The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska west-ward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific .The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land Actual work on this project began four years later. money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to. cover a greater distance than the other. In l869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah.
1.主旨题
• 主旨题是对文章中心思想的提问，主要考查对 文章进行概括或总结的能力，要求在阅读短文 时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主 要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字 里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作 者的情感倾向。
1.主旨题
主旨题出题形式：主要是参考文章开头，文章结 尾
• 1. 直白型：What’s the main idea (central idea)？ / What’s the passage mainly about? / The passage focuses primarily on which of the following ……/The major point of this passage is…
D) the early intercontinental communications
本题问及全篇的中心思想。通过快读（skimming ）我 们知道这是一篇叙述“海洋学”的文章。第一段谈的是 关于“海洋学”的定义；第二段是讲19世纪前对海洋感 兴对趣的科学家不多；第三段谈到由于有人提了铺设海 底电缆，人们才开始研究“海底深处究竟是什么”；第 四段说Maury考察北大西洋和太平洋的发现引起广泛的 注意；第五段讲修筑海底电缆过程中发现大量的海洋生 物；最后一段是海洋学研究的成果。可见全篇主要是讲 海洋学的研究是如何开展起来的，所以正确答案是A）。 文章有好几个地方谈到铺设海底电缆B）和越洋通讯 （D），但都是围绕着海洋学这条主线的。至于C)，测 量海洋深度，只是一个细节，不可能是文章的中心意思。
This passage is mainly about_____________.
A) the beginnings of oceanography
B) the laying of the first undersea cable
C) the investigation of ocean depths
• 大学英语四级考试的阅读文章体裁有记叙 文、说明文、议论文，其中说明文和议论 文为主要测试文体；在阅读题材方面，科 技类大约占25%，人文类大约占45%，经 济类大约占15%，综合类大约占5%，环境 类比例小，近几年有上升趋势。因此，学 生应针对不同的体裁和题材进行有侧重点 的备考复习。
二、阅读部分备考，词汇是基础， 同时要加强历年真题的练习
For most people the sea was remote , and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others , who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to what lay beneath the surface ,The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of oceans "?
• Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples form the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895 .