论文The color purple
紫色论文范文.doc
一些学者也对艾丽丝·沃克的“妇女主义”主张进行了探讨。例如，沈黎明在《寻求精神的解放—对〈紫色〉女主人公茜莉的妇女主义解读》中人认为：“‘妇女主义’作为一个始终的主题在对西丽的刻画上得到强有力的体现。”但是该文对妇女主义思想及其核心思想没有清晰的阐释，论证过程理由不充分，使得作者的这一思想不能在西丽寻求精神的解放之路上深刻得体现出来。谢莉莉的《〈紫颜色〉与艾丽丝·沃克的“妇女主义”》通过对小说的分析，深入探讨了妇女主义思想内涵及其对美国黑人妇女解放事业的积极意义。刘源在《〈紫颜色〉与艾丽丝·沃克的“妇女主义”》中指出：“艾丽丝·沃克的《紫色》是一步优秀的张扬黑人女权主义的代表作。”他将艾丽丝·沃克的妇女主义视为黑人的女权主义，通过对《紫颜色》中体现的反性别与反种族主题的分析，揭示了沃克的妇女主义思想。刘永安和王福田则认为《紫色》的写作手法及对女性社会问题的深刻揭示上体现了女性主义文学的发展趋势—妇女主义，该文认为妇女主义是女权主义的分支，但没有谈及两者的区别与联系。李洁平在《妇女主义在〈紫颜色〉中主题的构建作用》认为沃克的妇女主义不是狭隘的，她认识到黑人妇女不但是黑人，更是女人，是人，妇女解放也意味着男人的解放，乃至全人类的解放，这一点在《紫色》中表露无疑。而祝小丁认为，《紫色》的结局充分体现了艾丽丝·沃克的妇女主义思想和对黑人女性命运的关注。在众多的对沃克的妇女主义思想的研究中，祝小丁创造性地进行了全面的论证，既看到了该思想的进步性，同时又看到了其时代局限性：即妇女主义实质上是一种调和折中论，它只是沃克渴望解决社会问题的美好理想，它的缺陷在于她陷入到了理想主义的泥潭之中。
许多学者将西丽的成长历程分为三个阶段：遭受奴役而悲伤迷茫的初期阶段；自我意识逐渐觉醒后奋起抗争的过渡阶段；独立自主并赢得自由和平等的末期阶段。温爱玲在《女性意识觉醒—浅析〈紫色〉西丽的人物形象》中，通过展示西丽的觉醒过程，揭示了黑人妇女所遭受的压迫和不平等，从而指出黑人妇女只有自尊自立、自强才能获得平等、尊重和爱。张丽娜在《〈紫色〉中女主人公精神家园构建之旅》中提出：作者最关心的是黑人社会自身的弊病，她所关心的是黑人，特别是黑人女性在黑人社会内部及白人社会中如何寻找自我价值。周凡钰的《可喜的人生转换》论述了主人公角色转换的三个阶段：混沌—苏醒—自立。该文认为：“为了转变黑人妇女的地位，不仅需要女性自我意识的觉醒和自我能力与品质的完善，还需要男性思想观念同时提高。”这种观点应该是比较全面的，两性和谐的局面的出现，需要两性思想观念的同时转变。刘晓娟、祁继香也认为《紫色》主人公的成长历程也分为三个阶段：服从—抗争—和解。杨淑慧在《西丽女性意识的觉醒—读艾丽丝·沃克〈紫色〉》中写道：这本书主要写女性如何受压迫和如何觉醒，同时也对沃克写作“新现实主义”特点进行了研究。刘英在《论艾丽丝·沃克笔下女主人公形象演变》中指出：沃克的小说中（包括《紫色》），女主人公形象呈现出清晰的发展脉络，大致分为三个阶段：受男权社会欺凌侮辱的女性；走出“围城”觉醒的女性；自尊自爱自立自强的成熟女性。以上主要是以纵向的视角对主人公的成长历程和觉醒过程进行论述，而没有强调其在转变过程中的重要因素，即是什么因素使主人公人生历程发生转变。葛海燕在《根植于黑人传统文化沃土上的一朵奇葩》中指出女人之间的友爱、反抗精神、泛灵论三个要素在西丽转变过程中发挥重要作用，并进行了详细的论证。角度新颖，但忽略了一个重要方面：西丽的对女性传统文化的继承和发扬为其独立打下了经济基础，因为只有经济上取得独立才能得到真正的独立。
英语作文那个紫色
英语作文那个紫色Title: The Color Purple: Symbolism and Significance。
The color purple holds a profound significance across various cultures and contexts, encompassing a range of symbolic meanings and cultural connotations. In this essay, we will explore the multifaceted significance of the color purple in different aspects of life, from literature to psychology to spirituality.First and foremost, purple is often associated with royalty and nobility. Throughout history, purple has been a symbol of wealth, power, and luxury, primarily because of its rarity and the difficulty of obtaining purple dyes in ancient times. In many cultures, purple robes were reserved for monarchs and aristocrats, signifying their elevated status in society.Moreover, purple carries strong spiritual connotations in many religious traditions. In Christianity, purple isassociated with penance, humility, and preparation, particularly during the season of Lent leading up to Easter. Priests and bishops don purple vestments during religious ceremonies as a symbol of solemnity and reverence. Similarly, in Hinduism and Buddhism, purple is often linked to spirituality, representing higher consciousness, enlightenment, and the divine.Furthermore, purple holds significance in the realm of psychology and emotions. As a combination of the calm stability of blue and the passionate energy of red, purpleis often seen as a balance between the mind and the emotions. It is associated with creativity, imagination,and introspection, making it a favorite color among artists, writers, and spiritual seekers. Psychologically, purple is said to stimulate the imagination and encourage deeper thought and reflection.In literature and art, the color purple is often used symbolically to convey a range of themes and emotions. From Alice Walker's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel "The Color Purple" to Prince's iconic song "Purple Rain," this hue hasinspired countless works of art and literature. In these contexts, purple can represent everything from spirituality and transformation to pain and suffering, depending on the narrative and symbolism employed by the artist or author.On a more practical level, purple is also associated with mystery, magic, and the unknown. It is often used in marketing and branding to evoke a sense of intrigue and fascination, particularly in industries such as cosmetics, fashion, and entertainment. The enigmatic allure of purple can captivate audiences and draw them into a world of imagination and possibility.In conclusion, the color purple holds a rich tapestry of symbolism and significance, encompassing themes of royalty, spirituality, creativity, and mystery. Whether adorning the robes of monarchs, inspiring works ofliterature and art, or stirring the depths of the human psyche, purple continues to fascinate and captivate us with its timeless allure.。
英语论文论《紫色》中西丽自我意识的觉醒
本科生毕业论文（设计）册学院 XXX学院专业 XXXX班级 XXXX级英语XX班学生 XXX指导教师 XXXXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：论《紫色》中西丽自我意识的觉醒学院： XX学院专业： XXXX 班级： XXX级英语XX班学生姓名： XXX 学号： XXXXXX 指导教师： XX 职称：XXX1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是论述《紫色》中西丽自我意识的觉醒。
其主要任务是通过分析黑人女性所遭受的双重，西丽自我意识觉醒的过程以及自我价值的实现。
2、论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为三章，第一章介绍黑人女性所遭受的双重压迫，第二章阐述女主角追求自我价值的历程，第三章探讨西丽自我价值的实现。
3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是不同的文学家及女性主义学者对《紫色》的研究结果。
研究路线是分别阐述黑人女性所遭受的双重和女主角自我意识觉醒的过程以及自我价值的实现。
4、主要参考文献W alker, A. 1983. The Color Purple. London: Woman’s Press.W oolf, V. 1985. A Room of One’s Own. London: Granada PressBloom, Harold. 1989.Alice Walker. New Y ork: Chelsea House Publisher艾丽丝·沃克著, 杨敬仁译.1988.《紫色》.北京:十月文艺出版社.刘源.2006.《紫色》与艾丽斯·沃克的妇女主义. 世纪桥5、计划进度阶段起止日期1 确定初步论文题目3月16日前2 与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3 提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4 交初稿和文献综述3月30日-4月20日5 交终稿和评议书5月8日前指导教师：年月日教研室主任：年月注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXX学院 XXXX 专业 XXXX 届学生姓名XXX论文（设计）题目论《紫色》中西丽自我意识的觉醒指导教师XX专业职称X所属教研室商务英语系研究方向20世纪英国文学课题论证：从黑人女性所遭受的双重压迫和女主角追求自我价值的历程及自我价值的实现论证西丽自我意识的觉醒。
浅析《紫色》中的女性主义(英文论文)
浅析《紫色》中的女性主义摘要：二十世纪美国黑人作家对美国文学的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献，他们的作品极大地丰富了美国文学，同时也对世界文学的创作产生了巨大的影响。
进入七十年代以后，黑人女作家领导文学潮流，掀起了第三次美国黑人文学高潮。
艾丽丝•沃克是当代美国最杰出和最具影响力的黑人女性作家之一。
她对黑人命运问题的研究探讨，引起文坛瞩目，被认为是美国黑人作家中的后起之秀，有“女才子”之誉。
小说《紫色》是她文学创作的最高成就。
本文主旨意在分析《紫色》中的女性主义。
第一章简要地介绍了爱丽丝•沃克的个人经历及作品《紫色》。
第二章论文的理论基础—女性主义的含义和它的发展阶段。
第三章是本文的主体，以小说的主旨及其写作技巧—书信体形式两方面为切入点来分析《紫色》中所体现的女性主义。
最后本文得出女性如果要独立、自尊、自强，需通过自己不懈的努力，战胜重重困难，最终才能取得与男性平等的社会地位与权力的结论。
这也正是爱丽丝·沃克想要表达的女性主义的真正内涵。
关键词：《紫色》美国黑人女性女权主义双重压迫寻求独立An Analysis of Feminism in The Color PurpleLi YixuanAbstract: Afro—American writers have made great contribution to American literature in the 20th century. Their works have enormously enriched American literature and exerted great influence on literary creation in the world. Black women writers have set off a new upsurge of literature since the 1970s. This is called the third Renaissance of Afro—American literature. Alice Walker is one of the most remarkable and influential Afro—Americanwriters in contemporary American literary world. Her famous novel The Color Purple is the summit of her literary achievements. The thesis is intended to explore the Feminism in the novel The Color Purple. Chapter one gives a brief introduction to Alice Walker’s personal experience and her novel The Color Purple. Chapter two shows the theoretical foundation of the thesis—Feminism, the definition and the development of it. Chapter three, is the main body of the thesis, deals with the analysis of Feminism in this novel and its writing technique—epistolary style，use these two aspects as a starting point to analysis the feminist which embodied in this novel. The end of this paper which concluded if women want to gain independence, self—esteem and self—reliance, the only thing they can do is to try every effort and to overcome the numerous difficulties to gain these things. And finally they can get the social status and social rights which is equal to men. This is exactly what Alice Walker wants to express the true meaning of the Feminism.Keywords:The Color Purple; Afro—American women; Feminism; double oppression;independenceContents承诺保证书 (I)摘要 (II)Abstract (III)Introduction (1)I. A Brief Introduction of Alice Walker and Her Novel —The Color Purple (2)1.1 A Brief Introduction of Alice Walker (2)1.2 Alice Walker’s Literary Work—The Color Purple (3)II. Theoretical Foundation (5)2.1The Definition of Feminism (5)2.2The Development of Feminism (5)III. An Analysis of Feminism in the Novel—The Color Purple (8)3.1 The Theme of the Novel (8)3.1.1 Sex ual Oppression upon Black Women (8)3.1.2 Fighting for Independence (11)3.2 The Writing Technique and Rhetoric Method of the Novel (14)3.2.1 Epistolary Style (14)3.2.2 Metaphor (15)Conclusion (17)References (18)IntroductionThe Afro-American literature is one of the important parts of the American literature and it undergoes a very long development and different periods of development. In the earlier stage of the 20th century, Afro-American literature expresses the praise for black nationalities and the longings for equality and freedom. "Fictions of protest" by middle stage writers focus on the exposure of racism and the poverty of Afro-Americans and reveal the writers’anxiety about the American dream. In the later stage, female writers represented by Walker have been turned over a new leaf. This thesis is a brief analysis of Alice Walker and her famous work The Color Purple. In this novel Walker mainly discussed the contradiction between men and women. Disclose the oppression inside the black community. Though telling the story of Celie—an ordinary black woman in the southern village in American—from insensitive to bear the oppression from the black males to realize the reality and fright for herself. The author deeply disclose the life which Afro—American women were suffered and exquisite depicted the Celie’s sufferings. Use Walker’s words:This novel describes the emotion of social oppression and the spirit’s substances are all told by a black woman who suffered a frustrated life. While she—Celie finally found a way out. She finally found a job, got her friendship, her own love and dignity.” The great place of this novel is that it not only disclose the misery of Afro—American women, but also discussed how to help those women to get rid of the “the problem of recover oneself” traditionally.I. A Brief Introduction of Alice Walker and Her Novel —The Color Purple1.1 A Brief Introduction of Alice WalkerAlice Walker is one of the most important contemporary Afro—American women writers, born in 1944. She is a novelist, a short fiction writer, a poet, a critic all at once. She is the eighth child of a sharecropper family in Eatonton, Georgia, where the tenant farmer system kept most black families perpetually in debt. She always lived a very poor life and at that time education was not taken very seriously. But Walker’s mother insisted that her children should go to school. After her trying Walker started school at four years old and proved to be an excellent child.In 1961 Walker was awarded a scholarship to Spelman College, a small black women school in Atlanta. In the following years she was selected to attend the Youth World Peace Festival in Finland. It was also when she first heard about Dr. Marin Luther King in her freshman year at Spelman.In 1964, she transferred to Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxvile, New York where she majored in literature and has a deep study in Latin poetry and history. After graduating from Sarah Lawrence with a bachelor’s degree, Walker returned to the South and was actively to participate in the Civil Rights Movement. Her work in Georgia put her closely linked to the poorest and lowest educated Afro—Americans and allowed her to have an attention to the impact of poverty on the relationships between black men and women.In 1970, she wrote her first novel, The Third Life of George Copeland; her second collection of poems, Revolutionary Petunias and Other Poems (1973); her first short stories collection,In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women (1973). Walker became a leader of spokesperson for the black feminism.By 1979, her next novel began forming in her mind. She thought she must to write the novel in which the characters are trying to contact her, to speak through her. So she sold her house and moved to California, settling in the countryside of San Francisco, a place that “looked a lot like the town in Georgia most of the characters were from”. And there the things which in her mind came freely and the novel The Color Purple flowed.Alice Walker was a civil rights advocator and actively to take part in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. She was a spokeswoman for the women’s movement. The honors and awards which she gained include Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference Scholar in 1966, Merrill Writing Fellow in 1966—1967, the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Rosenthal Award in 1974 for In Love and Trouble, the Pulitzer Prize and the American Book Award in 1982 for The Color Purple, and so on. She is claimed to be one of the most famous black women writers in the American literary history.1.2 Alice Walker’s Literary Work—The Color PurpleThe background of the novel is in a southern American village roughly between 1916 and 1942, a period during the status of blacks remained unaltered in the Deep South. The protagonist Celie suffered a miserable life, at first she keeps silent about what happened on her, but this doesn’t stop bad things happening on her. H er mother dies, her two children are taken away, leaving her alone wondering whether they have been sold or even killed. Celie is victimized physically and mentally by her father. Utterly alone and out of desperation, she has no choice but to write to God to express her sufferings and feelings.Celie lives like a slave. In fact, the life with Albert, her husband, is the continuous of her nightmare. In the wedding day, Harpo, the oldest son of Albert welcomes Celiewith a rock laying her head open and the blood runs. He tortured her. His dad tells him not to do that. And he rapes Celie with her head blooding. Actually, Albert marries Celie not for love, just because he is in need of a servant to take good care of his three children and Celie just fit this.To Celie, the most desperate thing is that she never gets love and care from her mother, instead, her mother who doesn’t know the truth always screams and torture her. After she dies, Nettie, the most intimate woman in Celie’s life, is separated from Celie by Mr. Albert. Since then, Celie gets no message from her and thought she has died. Reading through the old letters, Celie knows Mr. Albert’s evil deeds with Nettie and her family’s truth. S he knows that her father, who rapes her, isn’t her natural father; her natural father has been dead because he is succeeding in the financial business in the white business world. Celie is angered by all that God has allowed to happen to her. She writes her last letter to God retelling her sufferings and accusing God of being silence. She is totally desperate to what has happened on her.As Celie curses on Mr. Albert for what he has done to her, she finds something which she has never been aware of. She has learned that the quality of life must not depend on the outside world; to be survived; to find one’s value; is what color purple means for. Celie can surround herself in purple, for she is in control of Kingdom.II. Theoretical Foundation2.1 The Definition of FeminismFeminism refers to a major woman’s experiences as the source and motivation of social theory and political movement. Critique of social relations, many supporters of feminism also focus on the analysis of gender inequality and promote women's rights, interests and issues. It also refers to a social theory and political movement with the female experience for its source in the social relations outside criticism, many women socialist supporters also focuses on the analysis of the gender inequality and promote women's rights and interests issues of feminist theory aims to understand the nature of the inequality, emphasis on gender, political power relations and sex consciousness (sexuality) on the theme of feminist inquiry, including discrimination stereotype materialized (especially about sex and chemical) body housework distribution oppressions and the oppression form the patriarchy. And in my opinion, the Feminism which Alice Walker discussed has a deeper meaning. It is a comprehensive protest to all kinds of oppression system (sexual oppression and racial oppression).2.2 The Development of FeminismFeminism in the nineteenth century gradually changed to the organized social movement because more and more people believe that women in a patriarchal society should treated equally. The feminist movement is rooted in the Western progressive, especially the nineteenth Century reform movement.Early feminists and early feminist movement is often called the first wave, and after 1960 feminist called the second wave. There is also the so-called the third-wave, but feminists for its existence necessity, contribution and concept disagree. The reason why these periods are called is because they like the waves, one after another; never discontinuous, later used the former Walker's contribution and resources.The Western Feminism can be mainly divided into three generations:The first generation of Western Feminism: Western Feminism originated in France bourgeois revolution and enlightenment movement, the second half of the nineteenth Century the emergence of the first generation, and the industrial revolution in Europe, is the representative of the British Harriet Tyler Mill. French female writer Gore in 1790 issued a “Declaration on the Rights of Women”, 17 women's rights. Declaration later became a programmatic document of the feminist movement. M. Wollstonecraft, British writer, published a book “Defense for Women's Rights”, in 1792, proposed that women should enjoy equal treatment with men in education, employment and politics. Until 1920, the United States passed a bill to protect women the right to vote. The initial appeal of women in education and legislation should be equal. In the United States, Elizabeth Cady Stanton National Woman Suffrage Association represented (NWSA) repeatedly requested the federal Congress to allow women to participate in political polling repeatedly refused to encounter, eventually in the Nineteenth Amendment (1920). During this period, feminism is not elevated to the level of theory, is mainly a number of practical activities and “March 8. International Women's Day "was born.The second generation of Western Feminism: The second stage is the most important phase of feminism in the West stage. The feminists found that although the women in the field of political and economic fight for equality and efforts to achieve significant results, but the unequal status of women in social life has not been fundamentally improved. For example, groups of women get the right to vote in politics is still in a low position , occupational segregation and career development prospects of poor highlights, the case of equal pay for equal work , equal employment basically guaranteed. This contradiction prompted feminist thinking in depth, forming a unique feminist theory. From early 20th until 1960s, the world experienced two world wars. During this period, Afro—American woman still under the control of themale society. The challenge which they faced is the patriarchal society, challenges the "class" system.The third generation of Western Feminism: Postmodern Feminism.Postmodern Feminism began in the last century 60-80 age, her resulting presumably and two factors, one is, since 60's "liberation" and the men and women in opposition to the feminist thought, has brought numerous family breakdown, single mothers and the AIDS epidemic, so people began to reflect: especially in the elimination of binary opposition between men and women, forming “Gentle Feminist”, "Green Feminists”. While recognizing the achievements of the feminist movement to protect women's rights, it also questioned the other hand; feminists have tried to subvert the traditional family model. Post-modern feminism is still a growth stage. Trying to eliminate inequality between men and women on the basis of the recognition of gender differences, emphasizing the social nature of gender roles, the idea of equality between men and women as a product of patriarchy .Thus, postmodern feminist emerge as the times require.III. An Analysis of Feminism in the Novel—The Color Purple3.1 The Theme of the NovelThe color purple is a feminist Bildungsroman. It tells how Afro—American women find themselves and fight for themselves though describing the sufferings of what Celie had experienced.While revealing patriarchy’s oppression upon Afro—American women, feminists point out that while disclosing the oppressions, what Afro—American men done had consequently deepens Afro—American women’s suffering. As Hruston states in Their Eyes were Watching God: “So de white man throw down de load and tell de nigger man thus pick it up. He picks it up because he has to, but he doesn’t tote it. He hand it to his woman folks. De nigger woman is de mule of the worlds so far as ah can see.” Alice Walker tries to disclose these oppressions in her novels. In The Color Purple, Walker also shows us how racism exacerbates these oppressions in Afro—American family. Black feminist writers reveal racial, gender oppressions between the sexes to improve the gender binary opposition between men and women, longing for an ideal, gender relation.Throughout these oppressions that the Afro—American women suffers, the main oppressions were racial oppression and sexual oppression.3.1.1 Sexual Oppression upon Black WomenSexual oppression has a great influence to the Afro—American women. The black has consciously in the face of modern society of sexual discrimination. Compared with men, blac k women’s statuses are lower. Their marginalized status is not only caused by racial discrimination, but also from male social gender discrimination.Alice Walker writes: “Black women are called in the folklore that so aptly identifies one’s status in society ‘the mule of the world’, because we have been handed the burdens that everyone else refuse to carry.” In the Color Purple, the only choice for a girl like Nettie to make is “either to marry somebody like her husband or wind up in some white lady kitc hen.”(CP 1987:17) In a patriarchy society, women are the main labor force both at home and in the fields.Although black women are the main labor force of the black family, they have no rights they deserve. On the contrary, they are constantly beaten by their husband. Mr. X—Celie’s husband, instructs his son: “Wives is like children. You have o let them know who got the upper hand. Nothing can do better th an a good sound beating.”(CP 1997:34) Mr. X beats Celie “like her beat the children. Cept he cont eve r hardly beat them. He say, Celie, git the belt. The children be outside the room peeking through the crack…”(CP 1987:22) The men who exploit and oppress women are acting out what Diana E.H.Russell terms the “masculinity mystique”—“To win, to be superior, to conquer, and to control demonstrate masculinity to those who subscribe to common cultural notions of masculinity.” Since Harpo is confused by the perfect control that his father exerts over Celie, he feels less than a man because of his inability to control his wife Sofia. Following his father’s instruction, Harpo keeps on beat ing Sofia and this finally leads to their separation.Except for the heavy burden and physical hurts, black women are sexually abused. In black men’s eyes, black women are only t he instruments for them to release their bad mood. They just enjoy their own happiness and the only thing left for women is the untold sufferings.In the Color Purple, in order to control women under their power, black men constantly impose their own con cept upon black women. Celie has “always been a good girl.”(CP 1987:3) She is so good—natured even his stepfather has to admit that “she good with children… Never heard her say a hard word to one of them.”(CP1987:12) She selflessly helps to take care of Shug when she is seriously ill, although she is he r husband’s mistress; she is also a clever student in school praised by her teacher, she says that: “long as she been a teacher she never know nobody want to learn bad” as her. But her stepfather always abus es her. He introduces Celie to Mr. X : “She ain’t fresh… She spoiled. She ugly… She is too old to be living her at home. And she has a bad influence on my other girls… She ain’t smart either… And another thing—she tell lies.”(CP1987:10) In his eyes, Celie is “evil and always up to no good” and “he can’t stand” hr no more. (CP 1987:5)Shug is also a good woman. She follows one of the few professions open to black women: blues singer; she is independent economically by hard working; she safeguards her selfhood; she asserts her own value; she displays a wisdom learned in her working lives to teach the girls she loves not to allow others to use or revile their individuality and tells the men what she thinks of their weaknesses. One thing that we can figure out is that one of the strategies the black men employ to take women under their control is to decry their reputation and deprive them of their confidence. They try all the means to let the women believe that they themselves are bad in nature and inborn, so they deserve any kind of ill—treatments black men exert on them.In Africa, men, even some women, don’ think girl need to be educated. When Nettie asks a mother why she thinks so, she said, “A girl is nothing to herself, only to hr husband can she become s omething.”(CP 1987:132) When Tashi, a little girlfriend of Olivia, Celie’s daughter in Africa, learns some knowledge from Olivia and becomes quiet and thoughtful, her patents even get upset for being afraid that she will not fit into village life. In addition, women are deprived of the right to choose the ways of their lives from their own free will. In the novel, it is Celie’s stepfather who chooses husband for Celie. He is her owner. In a scene reminiscent of a slave action, Celie is passed like a piece of property from one creel and domineering black male into the hands of another:The Color Purple is to expose the double oppression endured by the black women so that the solution to this problem existing in the black community can push forward the develo pment of black people’s unity. The most significant for Alice Walker is that she advances her tentative solution—feminism in the hope of curing the social diseases of racism and sexism and promoting the development of society.Walker through the description of a black woman seeking her dual identity reveals to us that only if black women in the United States integrated black blood, do the masters of their own destiny, he creates his own, can they get rid of edge position, and obtain their own identity.3.1.2 Fighting for IndependenceAlthough the Afro—American women under the control of the patriarchal social, they never give up struggling for their own independence. Their independence can be discussed mainly from these two aspects: familial independence and social independence.In the patriarchal family, women are the labor force both inside the house and outside in the field. However they didn’t get what they deserve to get, such as equality, love and respect. On the contrary, they suffered pain and mental torture. What they had experienced also sowed the seeds for the future of their resistance.Social independence implies black women’s independence in the society, including economical and political independence. In America, many Afro—American women have to depend on black men mainly due to their main status in economy. They are generally degraded to objects and became the secondary gender in the society. So exploration for social independence is very significant for black women to change their social status. In the Color Purple, the feminist explores to gain social independence mainly by using the Afro—American woman’s potential ability, whichalso discloses the feministic viewpoint—to make full use of black women’s strong viewpoints and realizing the importance of gaining their own social independence.Number one is Celie’s self-identity and women's socialist mental health.Identity, is one of the major contents in western literary criticism, it advocates accented literature classic, the thorough analysis colonial hegemony and male central cultural rewriting history between men and women in colonial conflict story.If Celie continue to maintain a callous life, resigned, muddy disturbance to spend her life go, then, then the characters will fall into the traditional literature's misconduct. However, Walker doesn’t want to fall into formality. She, in an interview said: "people not only to live, to prosperity but also to love life. She gave her life to the love and life " Live unremitting pursuit, pour into to literary works, Celie from decayed traditional thought to emancipate herself, helped herself to set up the life of optimism attitude, to break the traditional literature in the description of black women "" False image, namely and the reality of black women did not fit with the image, Shaping a new black women's image.Number two is Celie’s exploration: from the rebellious to rebirth.In Ceie’s mind God is omniscient and omnipotent. After these sufferings, God is the only listener and savior to her, however, after sent 55 letters to God and without any answers back to her, Celie could no longer bear it, she even said: “ What did God do for me?—He is a big devil, his behavior is just like any other man I know: frivolous, forgetful and contemptible.” This sentence represents the first leap of her character’s development. She not only challenges the authority of God’s but also challenges the patriarchy’s thought.Independent women, who run away from her family and then return to it again, will have a different feeling. After the success, she forgives her husband whom once abused her, and then they become very good friends. Although she don’t want to rebuild her family, but in her opinion, her husband was not as disgusting as before. Her concern about personal destiny cares about group destiny, from the thinking about the individual value, personal survival significance to all mankind pain and liberation exploration. She stood at the height of the human life, overlooking human life and rethinks the life. This humanity spirit and highly responsibility really make us to rethink on and take example by.Number three is from Celie’s heart journey to see Walker’s women socialist connotationCelie’s self identity and women's socialist spirit is meaningful; it ha s the ideal womanism of the author. The Color Purple describes a group of black women whom representative is Celie, they pursue for equal rights and personal identity, struggle to enlarge the attention range. Walker wrote the black woman whom in the lowest social level, what’s more important, on the basis of racial and sexual oppression; Walker added to the natural element and combines them together. Committed to achieve interpersonal, man and natural’s harmonious survival mode.Moreover, Celie's tolerant and mind is universal love is what Walker’s Socialist soul places. In the process of difficult self-identity construction, pursue women's spirit use the spirit of tolerance to forgive those black men who had abused them; Black male also abandoned the original great man's doctrine thought, through the self-improvement, they not only realize the spirit of their own survival, but also promoted other characters in the novel (especially the female character) complete live, thus bring the black community to a rebirth.In economy, the womanist quests for self—realization form black feminine household activities, which are usually belittled by black males or even females themselves by relating to revelations of black women as the weak sex in the society. The womanist realizes her limitless potential as a black woman in her daily work—the wisdom and artistic creativity, by which she gains self—confidence and self—support, and thus actualizes her independence in the society.In culture, the womanist quests for social independence by her own black feminine tradition. She persists in presenting her creative artistic charm as a black woman, in her feminine creative activities, such as quilting, designing nd making pants. While questing for black woman’s beauty and dign ity in these artistic activities, she gets her cultural independence. Moreover, Celie sticks to speaking her native language instead of the Standard English, which also indicates her persistent exploration for her own cultural tradition and her cultural independence.At the end of the novel, Celie achieves great economical success; she sets up her own company to produce all kinds of pants designed by her. By making pants, Celie creates a new way to make her living and completely frees herself from subordinate status in economy and realizes her self—independence in the society. She is no longer the oppressed, exploitative, abusive object. She can say what she wants to say. She founded her female subjectivity, and eventually became the woman who has full of confidence, dignity, and personality. From the reverse to stand on her own, Celie produced very big change, after awakening has more strong resistance. She insisted on using their own language to express them, express her anger, her joy and her song.3.2 The Writing Technique and Rhetoric Method of the Novel3.2.1 Epistolary StyleEpistolary novel is a type of novel in which the author is carry on by means of series of letters. It is a traditional feminine genre associated with women’s voice, feelings。
The_Color_Purple
做裤子、穿裤子的象征隐喻是黑人妇女最终获 得自信和尊严, 从而获得人格和经济上的独立。英文 中“wear the pants”的含义是“(妇女)掌权当家;( 在 婚姻等关系中) 处于支配地位, 起领导指挥作用”。妇 女穿裤子实际上是男女平等的一种表现, 让女人穿 上原本属于男人的裤子, 有着消解两性间界限的寓 意。 在整个做裤子的过程中, 茜莉是快乐的, 这是她赢得个 人身份的第一步, 是为自己走向独立而迈出的最坚实的第 一步, 迈出了这坚实的第一步, 茜莉才有了对自身创 造力的发现和培养, 终于找到了有意义的工作, 找到 了友谊、爱心和自尊, 成为一个充满信心, 有尊严, 有 个性的独立女性。作者通过这一象征隐喻手法为身处迷 茫和绝望中的黑人女性指出了一条自我拯救的出路: 黑 人女性要重拾生活的信念, 充分认识自身的价值, 团 结一致, 开创美好的未来。
Major Works
• 1965-"To Hell With Dying" (short stories) • 1973-In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Women ( a collection short stories) • 1976-Meridian《子午线》(novel) • 1982-The Color Purple (novel) • 1989-The Temple of My Familiar (novel) • 1998-By the Light of My Father's Eyes (novel)
3.此外,“紫色”除了象征生命的尊严和人类的希 望外, 紫色还是女同性恋主义的标志。书中对茜莉 和莎格·艵微利( Shug Avery) 的同性恋描写不严 格意义上的同性恋性关系是有区分的, 激迚女权主 义者们声称, 女同性恋者实际上是自发的、“下意 识”的女权主义者,
The Color Purple 紫色
The color purple
1.pronunciation: the colored people
2.purple: a combination of blue and red
3.indomitable female spirit
Womanist is to feminist as purple is to lavender.
Genre epistolary novel
Setting of the novel Time:1910–1940 Place: Rural Georgia
•
Shug
• Celie’s step father • • Adam • Olivia
Celie Nettie
Mr._ Harpo, Sofia
★In her junior year, went to Africa as an exchanging student
★ Graduated in 1965 , her writing career began in the same year
★Married in 1967 ( divorced in 1976)
Narrative Strategy
• Epistolary form • Epistolary novel: a series of letters
exchanged among the characters of the story. • popular in the 18th century • Samuel Richardson: Pamela • Goethe: The Sorrows of Young Worther
• • 90 letters •
文学作家作品之The Color Purple
The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted (颁布)between 1876 and 1965. They mandated（批准）de jure（根据法律 的） racial segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for black Americans. In reality, this led to treatment and accommodations that were usually inferior to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages.
Activism
Alice Walker met Martin Luther King Jr. when she was a student at Spelman College in Atlanta in the early 1960s. Walker credits King for her decision to return to the American South as an activist for the Civil Rights Movement. She attended the famous 1963 March on Washington. On March 8, 2003, International Women's Day, on the eve of the Iraq War, Alice Walker, Maxine Hong Kingston, author of "The Woman Warrior", and Terry Tempest Williams, author of "An Unspoken Hunger" were arrested along with 24 others for crossing a police line during an anti-war protest rally outside the White House. Walker wrote about the experience in her essay "We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting For.“
the color purple
An Analysis on the Kinship in The Color PurpleI am going to talk about the kinship in The Color Purple which was written by Alice Walker. Alice Walker is an American author, poet, feminist, and activist. She is bet known for The Color Purple for which she won the Pulitzer Prize, The National Book Award and NBCC Award. Alice Walker was active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s ,and in the 1990’s she is still an involved activist.She has spoken for the women’s movement,the anti-apartheid movement.She started her own publishing company.Wild Trees Press,in 1984.She currently resides in Northern California.The Color Purple was an epistolary novel. This novel consist of 94 letters. The story took place in American in 1999. Celie had a little sister Nettie. Celie was raped by her stepfather, and she gave birth to two children but they were sent away by her stepfather. After her mother’s death, her stepfather got married again. Unfortunately, she was married to a widower Mr. Albert who had already had four children. Albert always beat Celie. When Nettie went to accompany with Celie, Albert attempted to rape Nettie. But he failed to rape her, and then he expelled Nettie. Since then, Celie lost touch with Nettie. Finally, with the helping of Shug who was Albert’s lover, Celie gradually changed to be a woman who had her own personality. And Celie left Albert to meet Nettie in Africa.The kinship between Celie and Nettie was the backbone of whole novel. The kinship between Celie and Nettie was the main clue of this novel. Celie was a traditional and tough woman. In that period, black women had no social status and no rights. They were born to be a slave. Celie was a typical woman like this. Her husband beat and scold her. She called her husband “Mr. Jail”. But Nettie was totally different from Clie. She had awareness of fighting for the equal rights. She was a feminist in this novel. She tought Celie to beat Albert’s children when they were wrong.I have seen the movie of The Color Purple. At the beginning, Celie and Nettie sing a nursery rhyme in the purple flower sea. I would never forget this nursery rhyme. They song “ Me and you, us never part., Makidada. Me and you, us have one heart, Makidada. Ain’t noocean, ain’t no sea, Makidada. Keep my sister away from me, Makidada. Me and you, us never part., Makidada. Keep my sister away from me, Makidada.”This was their promise. They promised to each other they would never be aparted from each other. And they would accompany with each other forever. Celie had been rapped by her stepfather. But her stepfather also wanted to rape Nettie. And she had promised to Nettie “ I will take care you, with God’s help”. At that time, Celie was only 14 years old. And then Celie got married with Albert. When Nettie went to see her, she was exultant. Nettie was Celie’s only sibling, and she tought Celie how to write. But when Nettie was expelled by Albert, for Nettie said no to his unreasonable demands, Celie hold Nettie tightly. When Celie and Nettie were forced to seperate, they were doomed to spend their lifetime to wait. When Albert thrown Nettie out of his house, no one would not be moved emotionally. Celie and Nettie were crying hoarsely. They were just like a conjoined twin babies. Relative to pure sister affection was rendered to the extreme.I had cried for the heartless of Albert. The time Nettie tought Celie become the happiest time to their childhood and even to their whole lives. When Nettie was forced to leave, she said “Nothing but death can keep me from her.”That promise of “ life and death” was not like the words of a child just at the age of ten. Nettie walked further from Celie, but she was still played their childhood hands clapping. But at the moment, the game was not the true sense of game, the profound significance, the reader should feel very clear now. She had been crying and did not want to go. She song the ballads ambiguously. This become the last memory of their childhood.After more than 30 years, Nettie and Celie had a reunion. It was not like the desert they were aparted, more warm and gold color was full of the whole picture. There were still those fields and the sunflowers, but men are no more than the same ones. The clinch of reunion had mixed with much bitter. There ws no other things but tears could prove the situation at that time.The most excited scene was that Shug open the Albert’s mailbox, and got a letter from Nettie. Celie cries, and laughed that Nettie did not die. The letters were lined up down the date one by one. Looked at these letters, the pent-up feelings of those years of Celie burst out at this moment. In the following days, no matter what Celie was doing, she was reading the tardy letters. And at this moment, our questions were answered. Why Celie did not received Nettie’s letters? Did Nettie die? Did Nettie forget their promise? The reason was that Albert knocked the mailbox, and ordered Celie never tough the mailbox. And he hid all the letters. Nettie knew Albert would never givethese letters to Celie, but she still hoped Celie would read the letter one day. She kept writing to Celie, even Celie could not read them. I admired Nettie’s insistence.Nettie had never forgot their promise, she kept writing letters. And Celie had also never forgot their promise, she waited Nettie’s letter all the time. When they had a reunion in the purple flower sea, they played their hands clapping game, and song the nursery rhyme. As a reader,just like other readers, I was moved and cried. I also have a little sister. But I can not image when I am forced to be aparted from my sister and never see each other for decades, what would we do when we meet again. If I have no information about my sister, will I wait for her.。
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On Celie’s growth factors----the Comments on The color purpleLi Ze Qin李泽琴Class 5, Grade 2008No. 200805140517The School of Foreign LanguagesChina West Normal UniversityA Paper for Appreciating English MoviesMay 2012On Celie’s growth factors----the Comments on The color purpleAbstract:The Color Purple1adapted from a novel Purple by Alice Walker expresses the waking of feminism 2 well. When she is treated callously and faces numerous maltreat, then she turns to a self-valued and independent woman and achieved her happiness. For her dramatic change, factors can be divided into oppression from Alphonso, Mr. or Albert, and,Sisterhood with NettieNettie, friendship with Shug Avery, and Strengh from Sofia Key words: The Color Purple, Womanism 3, rebellion, self-valued,oppressionThe film The Color Purple tells story taking place in the Southern United States during the early- to mid-1900s .In the beginning of the movie, Celie suffers great pain of childbirth, When she was only fourteen years old, she gave birth to the child of her stepfather who sold the the baby, also threatened Celie “you better not never tell nobody but God. So she could only talk to God though she never gets back god’s answer. The film focuses on the change of the protagonist, Celie. Celie marries a local widower whom she calls "Mister" whose name is Albert. Every day, Celie clean up Albert’s disorderly household and take care of his children. Celie is beaten and intimidated into submission. Nettie comes to live with them, and they live happily together and Nettie begins to teach Celie how to read. Nettie is kicked out. Finally, Celie, the black a poor African American girl, who once never said anything against father or husband, with the assistance of Shug, got out of the miserable life and became an independent woman. The factors for her dramatic change can be categorized into two parts, that is, oppression from Alphonso, Mr. or Albert, and Sisterhood with Nettie, friendship with Shug Avery, and Strength from Sofia Oppression from Alphonso and Mr. or AlbertAlphonso is Celie’s stepfather who marries Celie’s mother even though there isno love and craves for the fortune of Celie’s father left by Celie’s poor father. He does many evil things to Celie and her sister, Nettie. Alphonso orders Celie to do housework and deprive her right on education. Alphonso turns to Celie for his sex desire When Celie’s mother gets ill. Thus being hopeless, Celie starts writing to God. Gradually, under the abuse and oppression of her father, Celie loses her-self value and. Alphonso refuses to let Celie marry minister instead of Nettie. Mr. eventually accepts the offer; this marriage proves to be a kind of business, in which money is every thing while Celie’s thought is never taken into count because Mr takes Celie into a difficult and joyless married life. And our Celie’s world is worse than worse. Constant abuse pesters her for many years.Albert was married previously, whose wife was murdered. Albert mistreats Celie just as her father had, and she tolerates it, never has she understand that she doesn't have to. In Albert’s eyes Celie is not a person, just a machine. Celie has to help raise Albert’s children, not being their real mother, she lives a hard time. Mr. holds absolutely control over Celie, In this house,. When he is in bad temper, when Celie does not satisfy him, he just beats her violently. And he does not allow any rebellion to him. When he needs her, he pays heeds to her, but when not, Celie is an invisible man. In his mind, he has never shown respect for Celie. And he even brings his mistress, Shug Avery into family and all day runs around her regardless his responsibility to Celie as a husband.Sisterhood with NettieCelie’s and her sister Nettie’ correspondences make up their priceless Sisterhood to each other. The have love for one another, which is sisterly and sexual, Young as Nettie is, she influence Celie a lot.Firstly, Nettie is Celie's younger sister, by marrying Mr, Celie saves Nettie from living the tragic life that she should have endured. When Nettie’s life at home is unbearable, she runs away to Celie. When Mr. forces Nettie to leave, she promises to write to Celie and that only God can keep them apart. Nettie travels to Africa with Samuel and Corrine, a missionary couple as a missionary. She undergoes many adventures in Africa. These experiences turn Nettie from a girl to an independentwoman becomes more mature. She writes letters which describes the life to Celie from her letters; Celie seems to be there with Nettie. They go into forest, see huge elephant, and live in triba. In the end, Nettie travels back to America, and brings Celie's children with her. By telling Celie the things she has seen and done, she helps Celie become more enthusiastic about her life with the help of Nettie. Celie begins knowing that she should not endure the oppression, and she must fight for the unit with Nettie, and also for herself. This courage is tied closely with Nettie and their love.What is more, Nettie receives much more education than Celie. Her heart is much wider and thoughts much far. Nettie’s extending knowledge range have great influence on Celie and she also takes a fancy at reading and later teaches Celie to read and write. At the beginning, Celie stumbles over books, but gradually, she gets more fluently. And from books, Celie learns a lot and tries to put what she learns into life. Friendship with Shug AveryShug is Albert's mistress. When she comes back to visit Albert, she shakes up feelings of Celie who has great admiration for Shug and the life that she has lived. Shug enters and exits in Celie's life, Albert ends up treating Celie because of Shrug. Eventually, Shug herself develops a physical relationship with Celie and shows Celie the wonders of life and her body, she helps Celie discover the long lost letters that her sister Nettie had written to her and helps Celie develop herself emotionally and spiritually. Shug is supplying her with even more hope and inspiration Shrug’s bravery behavior such as leaving Albert, listening the miserable life of Celie and singing her beautiful songs encourages Celie greatly. She decides to revenge and does not obey him any more. Celie finally releases her rage, angrily cursing Mr. for his years of abuse at table. Celie has already know well of her self-value. From now on she becomes a full woman who has her own feeling and thoughts.Strength from SofiaSofia is the wife of Harpo, the son of Mr. Johnson. Nothing could daunt her, and Sofia wins this battle. She marries Harpo regardless Albert’s disagreement. Sofia not only dares not black- man, she does not give in to Harpo, and behaves like a master ofthe family. She does not like trifle house chores, and prefer to work outside. She cannot be controlled by men,. She is a strong, independent character. Celie suggests Harpo to beat Sofia into submission, but she failed. Sofia’s rebellion against white-man is an effective lesson for Celie. Her strength and energy fill Celie courage for new life.In Conclusion, Celie confronts Mr’s cruel maltreatments previously, she can not recognize her self-value. Her life is only for other people. When she was young, she will never get angry, but later, under the oppression and influence from Shrug. She is overwhelmed by this rebellious power guided by Sofia and her sister Nettie. At last, Celie is now financially comfortable and independent. She has her new house and which she inherited her father’s dry goods store. Celie begins to genuinely enjoy Albert’s company. At last, she call him “Albert”, instead of Mr. And Celie notes that though she and Nettie are now old, she has never in her life felt younger.The movie tells people change of Celie is womanism rising for a black woman, which is encouraging for all the woman who should be brave and self-willed with their own dream.Bibliography:1.The Color Purple in / subject/1294503/2./wiki/The_Color_Purple3.The Color Purple (1985)in http://movie.mtime. com/13079/4.Walker, Alice. The Color Purple [M]. New York:Pocket, 1982.5.The meaning of Womanism in /wiki/Womanism6.The meaning of Femalism in /wiki/FemalismNotes:1. The film "purple" (The Color Purple, 1985) (based on the novel by Walker Alice) It tells a story a protagonist Celie how to become an independent woman from a intimidating girl in the Southern United States during the early- to mid-1900s.2.Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of woman's rights.3. womanism has been in use since at least the late 19th century, its modern use is generally attributed author Alice Walker, dating from the use of the term in her book In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose (1983). In her book, Walker used the word to describe the perspective and experiences of "women of color".This definition is cited from the Concise Oxford English Dictionary.。