国际经济学第九版英文课后答案 第8单元

*CHAPTER 8 (Core Chapter)

TRADE RESTRICTIONS: TARIFFS

OUTLINE

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Partial Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff

Case Study 8-1: Average Tariff on Non-Agricultural Products in Major Developed Countries

Case Study 8-2: Average Tariff on Non-Agricultural Products in Some Major

Developing Countries

8.2a Partial Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff

8.2b Effects of a Tariff on Producer and Consumer Surplus

8.2c Costs and Benefits of a Tariff

Case Study 8-3: The Welfare Effects of Liberalizing Trade in Some U.S. Products Case Study 8-4: The Welfare Effects of Liberalizing Trade in Some EU Products 8.3 The Theory of Tariff Structure

8.3a The Rate of Effective Protection

8.3b Generalization and Evaluation of the Theory of Effective Protection

Case Study 8-5: Rising Tariff Rates with Degree of Domestic Processing

Case Study 8-6: Structure of Tariffs on Industrial Products in U.S., EU, Japan, and Canada

8.4 General Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff in a Small Country

8.4a General Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff in a Small Country

8.4b Illustration of the Effects of a Tariff in a Small Country

8.4c The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem

8.5 General Equilibrium Analysis of a Tariff in a Large Country

8.5a General Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff in a Large Country

8.5b Illustration of the Effects of a Tariff in a Large Country

8.6 The Optimum Tariff

8.6a The Meaning of the Concept and Retaliation

8.6b Illustration of the Optimum Tariff and Retaliation

Appendix: A8.1 Partial Equilibrium Effects of a Tariff in a Large Nation

A8.2 Derivation of the Formula for the Rate of Effective Protection

A8.3 The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem Graphically

A8.4 Exception to the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem - The Metzler

Paradox

A8.5 Short-run Effect of a Tariff on Factors' Income

A8.6 Measurement of the Optimum Tariff

Key Terms

Trade or commercial policies Consumer surplus

Import tariff Rent or producer surplus

Export tariff Protection cost or deadweight loss of a tariff Ad valorem tariff Nominal tariff

Specific tariff Rate of effective protection

Compound tariff Domestic value added

Consumption effect of a tariff Prohibitive tariff

Production effect of a tariff Stolper-Samuelson theorem

Trade effect of a tariff Metzler paradox

Revenue effect of a tariff Optimum tariff

Lecture Guide

1.I would cover sections 1 and 2 and assign problems 1-2 in the first lecture. The

most difficult part of section 2 is the meaning and measurement of consumer and producer surplus. Since a clear understanding of the meaning and measurement

of consumer and producer surplus is crucial in evaluating the effect of tariffs, I

would explain t hese concepts very carefully.

2.I would then cover section 3 and assign problems 3-6 in the second lecture. The

theory of tariff structure is also very difficult and important, and so I would also

explain this concept very carefully. I found that the best way to explain it is by

using the simple example used in the text of the suit with and without imported

inputs.

3.The rest of the chapter can be skipped without loss of continuity by those

Instructors who do not wish to cover the general equilibrium effects of tariffs. 4.For those Instructors who wish to cover the rest of the chapter, I would take up

another two lectures to do so. I would also assign and grade problems 8-14 to

make sure that students understand the material.

5.In covering section 8.4, I would pay special attention to the explanation of Figure

8-5 and to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem.

6.In covering Section 8.6, please note that the optimum tariff can only be discussed

intuitively without trade indifference curves (examined in Appendix A8.6). Answer to Problems