高中英语关系副词when, where, why 的用法
英语语法:定语从句中的关系副词

【导语】英语语法是针对英语语⾔的语法进⾏的研究,指英语中语⾔的结构规律。
为了帮助各位同学更准确的记忆英语⼊门语法,⽆忧考为⼤家整理了英语语法顺⼝溜系列,在此与⼤家分享~ 英语语法顺⼝溜:定语从句中的定从中的关系副词 关系副词when/where/why, 从中做状莫懈怠; 时间⽤when原因why,地点where经常在; 定语从句中的关系副词有三个:when, where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。
when指时间,where指地点,why表原因。
例如: I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天。
The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他⽗亲⼯作的那个⼯⼚在城市的西郊。
That is the reason why I did the job. 那就是我为什么⼲这个活的原因。
关系副词可替换,介词加上关系代; 关系副词可以由介词加上which来替换。
例如: 1)This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago. 在这句中,where= in which 2) Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club? 在这句中,when= on which 3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late. 在这句中,reason= for which 关系代,关系代,that与who要除外; 挑选介词要聪明,必看动词和先⾏; 介词后可⽤关系代词,但只能⽤which或whom,不能⽤that 和who。
那么,这个介词怎么选呢?其⼀,可以看定语从句中的谓语动词;其⼆,可以看先⾏词。
when引导的定语从句的用法

when/where/why引导的定语从句的用法when, where, why属于关系副词,都在其引导的定语从句中充当状语,其具体用法如下:1. 关系副词 when引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
例如: I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一天。
// Next month, when you’ll spend your summer holidays in your hometown, is approaching. 下个月即将来临,届时你们将在家乡度暑假。
2. 关系副词where引导定语从句(包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句)修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
例如: This is the office where he worked. 这就是他工作过的办公室。
// She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends. 她要到澳门去定居,在那里她有几个密友。
3. 关系副词why引导限定性定语从句修饰先行词reason,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
例如: I don’t know the reason why he came so late. 我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。
// That is the reason why I don’t want to go. 那就是我不想去的理由。
// He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset.他没有告诉我他为什么那样心烦意乱。
注意:关系代词与关系副词之间并非毫无关联,两者之间存在密切的联系。
在备考中尤其要注意以下几点:1. 很多情况下关系副词用“介词+which/whom”来代替,其中的介词由先行词或定语从句中谓语动词的形式来决定,例如:The day when I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.= The day on which I met the famous pop star was the greatest day of my life.见到这位著名歌星的那天是我一生中最重要的日子。
定语从句的关系副词

定语从句的关系副词定语从句是指修饰名词或代词的从句,描述并限定其所修饰的名词或代词的性质、特征、状态等。
而关系副词在定语从句中起到连接作用,引导定语从句的引导词。
一、关系副词及其用法关系副词常见的有:when、where和why,它们分别表示时间、地点和原因。
在定语从句中,关系副词作为关系词引导从句,起到连接主句和从句的作用。
1. when当我们在定语从句中修饰表示时间的名词时,可以用关系副词when引导。
示例1:I still remember the day when we first met.译文:我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天。
示例2:Do you remember the moment when you realized you were in love?译文:你还记得你意识到自己爱上了的那一刻吗?2. where当我们在定语从句中修饰表示地点的名词时,可以用关系副词where引导。
示例1:This is the house where I grew up.译文:这是我长大的房子。
示例2:She took me to the park where we used to play.译文:她带我去了我们过去常常玩的那个公园。
3. why当我们在定语从句中修饰表示原因的名词时,可以用关系副词why引导。
示例1:That is the reason why I couldn’t attend the meeting.译文:那就是我不能参加会议的原因。
示例2:Can you explain the reason why you made that decision?译文:你能解释一下你作出那个决定的原因吗?二、关系副词的注意事项1. 注意关系词的位置关系副词在定语从句中作为关系代词引导从句时,要放在名词之后。
示例1:I could never forget the day (when) we won the championship.译文:我永远不会忘记我们赢得冠军的那一天。
关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句

关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why引导的定语从句1,基本用法定语从句除可用关系代词引导外,还可用关系副词when, where与why来引导,它们的区别是:when用于指时间,where用于指地点,why用于指原因。
when, where, why 在定语从句中均用作状语。
如:1980 was the year when he was born. 1980是他的出生年。
This is the town where I was born. 这就是我出生的城市。
This is the town where I was /SPAN>These are the reasons why we do it. 这些就是我们这样做的理由。
2. 先行词问题关系副词when和where的.先行词是表示时间(如the day, the days, the time, the year等)和地点(如the place, the house, the factory, the station等)的一类词,而关系副词why的先行词通常只是whythe reason(s)。
另外,when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句,而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句,不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
3. 一点注意注意不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when,在地点名词后就一定用关系副词 where,在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。
到底选用关系副词还是关系代词,关键是看它们在定语是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。
如:Don’t forget the time (that) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
(that用作told的宾语)I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you. 我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。
where when why 引导的定语从句

练习
(1)Hangzhou is the place ___w_h__eIrwe ent last summer. 2) He read the boowkh_ic_h__/_t_hahti/sxsister had told him about.
6) I will go back to the place __w_h__ic_h/that affected my latter life.
where
3.I know the reason
whyshe was
so angry
for which
先行词是地点,有时使用where,有时 使用that/which; 先行词是时间,有时使用when,有时使 用that/which。
主要看两点:
1:先行词在从句中所作成分; 2:是定语从句中的谓语动词 是否是一个及物动词。
3) The reason __w__h_yPeter is so happy is that he passed the exam.
4) I remember the dayw__h_e_nmy father died. I was only ten years old .
which /that/x 5) Repeat the reason ____ you said just now.
1.This is the park (that )we visited last year. 2.This is the park where we held a birthday party.
3.She won’t forget the days (that ) she spent on the island.
定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词,顾名思义,是联系先行词和定语从句的词,属于副词。
定语从句中的关系副词有三个:when, where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。
其句法结构如下:表时间的名词+ when + 定语从句when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.I’ll never forget the day when I joined t he army.表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句:The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.This is the house where I lived two years ago.表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。
)例句:That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)上句也可以这样表示:That is the reason I did the job.又如:This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单,以下注意点不可忽视:1)“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分,比较下面的几组句子:*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.**This is the hospital where my mother works.**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+ which”,介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。
高一语法——关系副词 when, where, why 引导的定语从句

关系副词的用法口诀:定语从句三步:第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语)第三选择合适的关系词关系副词指代在从句中的作用when(=at/in/on/during which)时间时间状语where(=in/at/on/under which)地点地点状语why(=for which)原因原因状语(一)关系副词where引导的定语从句。
where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。
例:China is the only country where wild pandas can be found.This is the house where I lived two years ago.知识拓展:1.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词(in/on/at/under等)+which”引导的定语从句。
Eg:The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.=The hotel in which we stayed wasn’t clean.=The hotel which/that we stayed in wasn’t clean.The house where LuXun once lived is being repaired now.=The house in which LuXun once lived is being repaired now.2.若定语从句的先行词是地点,但定语从句缺主语或宾语,用which或that引导定语从句,而不用where来引导。
The library that/which you visited yesterday was built in1990.3.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition和case,position等表示抽象意义的词,常用where/prep+which引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。
高考英语专题复习:定语从句 关系副词when, where, why课件

The box __(_th_a_t_/_w_h_i_c_h_)___ he is carrying
is heavy.
(he is carrying the box)
which or where/when/why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出 合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不 会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼 所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺, 纠正错误。总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。 在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是 以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候 遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。 越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利 于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习 方法。
This is the museum __w_h_i_ch____ was built
in 1950. (worked in the museum 地点状语)
which or where/when/why
在定语从句中作状语还是作主语/宾语
2. July 1, 1921 was the day _w__h_e_n___ our
your address.
( I wrote your address on the card)
I can’t find the card _o_n__ _w_h_i_c_h____ I
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关系副词when, where, why 的用法
三者都可用作关系副词,引导定语从句,注意以下几点:
1.when 表示时间,用于修饰表示时间概念的先行词;where 表示地点,用于修饰表示地点概念的先行词;why 表示原因,只用于修饰先行词the reason。
如:I’ll never forget the day when I first met you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的那天。
I went to have a look at the room where I was to talk that afternoon. 我去看了一下地方,当天下午我要在那里讲话。
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来。
关系副词有时可换成“介词+which”。
如:
I’ll never forget the day when [on which] we first met. 我永远不会忘记我们第一次见面的那一天。
That’s the house where [in which] he lived 10 years ago. 那就是他10年前住过的房子。
That’s the reason why [for which] he came. 那就是他为什么来的原因。
2.where引导的定语从句,除用于修饰地点名词外,有时还可修饰抽象名词。
如:
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the la nguage properly. 今天,我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天8小时都得守在办公桌前的工作。
She had got to the point where she felt that she could not take any more. 她到了她觉得自己再也不能忍受的地步。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where y ou might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险,那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
3.when和where既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。
如:
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点。
He’s got a job in a new firm, where they don’t work such long hours. 他在一家新公司找到了工作,那里的工作时间不那么长。
但是,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4.注意不要一见到先行词为时间、地点、原因等,就用关系副词when, where, why 等,还要看它们在定语从句中充当什么成分。
关系副词在定语从句中通常只能作状语,所以若定语从句缺主语或宾语,则不能选用关系副词,而要用关系代词,即使其前的先行词是时间、地点、原因等。
如:
Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间。
(that, which 用作定语从句told的宾语,由于是作宾语,所以也可可省略)
He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家电视机厂工作。
(that, which 用作定语从句的主语)
The reason that [which] he gave is different from yours. 他说的理由与你说的理由不同。
(that, which 用作定语从句中gave 的宾语)
注意,在先行词the reason 后除用关系副词why外,也可用that(即使用作状语也是如此),并且在非正式文体中,其中的why和that通常都可省略。
如:
This is the reason that she did so. 这就是她这样做的理由。
Do you know the reason that they’re closing the factory? 你知道他们要关闭这家工厂的原因吗?。