专四1
英语专四习题1
6.Nine is to three （ ）three to one A.when B.that C.which D.what
Key：D.what
• 译文：9和3的关系就如同3和1的关系一样。 • 考察方式状语从句。这是固定句型，用来 指what前后两句话有着相类似的内在联系， 即“A对B就如A1对B1”，类似的句子还有： Water is to fish what air is to men.（水对 于鱼的作用就和空气对人的作用一样）。 此句型中的what也可以用as。
5.（ ）both sides accept the agreement （ ）a lasting peace be established in this region. A.Only if，will B.If only，would C.Should，will D.Unless，would
Key：A.Only if ，will
Grammar
4.It is imperative that students（ ） their term papers on time. A.hand in B.would hand in C.have to hand in D.handed in
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Key：A.hand in
• 译文：学生们必须按时上交期末论文。 • 虚拟语气。在 it is+形容词+that从句中，如果形容 词是advisable，appropriate，desirable， essential，fitting，imperative，important， obligatory等表示祈使含义的形容词，则that分句 使用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟语气。因此选 择A。
lesson1专四作文简介
• 2010 Topic : should college students hire cleaners?
• Situation : it was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week . And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month. This has led to a heated debates as to whether college students should hire cleaners.
• 便条双方关系： 同学 • 要点： 询问同学有关出游事宜 • 1.表示感兴趣 • 2. 询问有关出游的具体信息 • 交际功能： 询问
2007
• Situation: Your classmate, Jimmy,is head of the university’s swimming club. He has invited you to jion the club , but you like some other sports. Write him a note ,declining and explain why.
评分细则2—Note-Writing便条评分 细则.doc
题型特点
• 1.作文题型特点〔2005—2010作文真题〕 • 2005, 题目： My Ideal of a university Arts Festival • Situation: The students ‘union of your university is
专四阅读1
TEXT AYou’ve heard, no doubt, about the planet-friendly benefits of putting gardens on rooftops, but what about installing plants on the sides of buildings? So-called living walls can make for stunning works of botanical art, can’t-miss-them signs of environmental stewardship. But does this architectural trend actually help cut down on buildings’ energy use?The answer depends on the gardens, which are sprouting up worldwide, everywhere from museums and corporate headquarters to airports and highway overpasses. And the new designs keep growing larger.When done right, a living wall can significantly reduce a building’s heating and cooling costs, though not as much as a green roof can. The wall treatments —which consist of a bunch of modular metal or plastic casings that can be removed for inspections or repairs — also cost more, easily climbing over $100 per sq. ft., compared with $15 to $40 per sq. ft. for green roofs.And since rain generally doesn’t fall sideways, irrigation is both necessary and tricky. Designers have to use drip-irrigation systems and often rely on electronic monitoring devices to make sure the plants don’t dry out. Irrigating with recycled water and installing native plants can help cut down on resource use.George Irwi n, CEO of Green Living Technologies admits that clients aren’t hanging living walls for the energy-cost savings. “Green roofs provide a faster return on the investment,” he says. “But everybody can see your green wall. It is marketing genius.”Minsuk Cho, an architect who dressed the outer and inner walls of Seoul’s Ann Demeulemeester store in a dense carpet of foliage, says greening walls maximizes the opportunity to create a better urban environment, but you can’t plant them and walk away. “Just lik e any garden, maintaining a green wall takes commitment,” Cho says. “It shouldn’t be considered as a building material but more like a pet.” A very large and thirsty one.1. At the beginning of the passage, the author intends to _____.A. arouse readers’ interest in environmental stewardshipB. inform readers that a green roof helps cut down on buildings’ energy useC. lead onto the discussion of advantages and disadvantages of the living wallD. describe the current status of architectural trend2. Th e word “stewardship” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. pollutionB. supervisionC. protectionD. damage3. According to the passage, which of the following will help to cut down the energy-cost?A. Utilizing removable modular metal or plastic casings.B. Utilizing drip-irrigation systems.C. Adopting electronic monitoring devices.D. Using recycled water.4. We learn from the passage that compared with a green wall, a green roof _____.A. provides a slower return on the investmentB. can be more effective in reducing a building’s heating and cooling costsC. costs much moreD. is more difficult to be installed5. Which of the following statements is true?A. Since living walls are more expensive, green roofs are more popular.B. Because of the energy-cost savings, many corporate headquarters are hanging green walls.C. The only advantage of a green wall is that it could create a better urban environment.D. A green wall demands extra care and concern, just like a pet.TEXT BBecau se I am extremely vulnerable to both slick advertising and peer pressure, I’ve been thinking about getting an iPad. But here’s the problem: I’m cheap, and the iPad’s not. If I’m going to fork over at least $499 for a new device, I want to try it out and ma ke sure it’s not just a larger, shinier version of my iPhone. But if I went to my local Apple Store, I’d get to spend only a few minutes testing out the machine. I wanted more time than that, so I rented one for $15 a day from a guy on SnapGoods.The Internet start-up in Brooklyn runs on a simple premise: there are people who want to borrow stuff —camping equipment, food processors, robot vacuums, etc. —and there are people who have stuff they want to lend. SnapGoods helps these two groups connect over the Web. SnapGoods is one of many sites that have sprung up to facilitate offline sharing. Some sites have a narrow, obvious focus (like ) while others are more obscure (Neighborhood Fruit helps people share what’s growing in their yards or find fruit trees on public land). But regardless of whether the sharing is free or involves a fee, these transactions often come with a stick-it-to-the-man attitude. “Borrow these things from your neighbors,” reads one exhortation on “T he owner-ship has SAILED!”All of these sites are encouraging something academics call collaborative consumption — in other words, peer-to-peer sharing or renting. Renting something you don’t need to use very often makes a lot more sense than buying i t and letting it collect dust in your garage. There’s a green aspect as well, since sharing helps cut down on overall use of resources. But one of collaborative consumption’s most surprising benefits turns out to be social. In an era when families are scattered around the country and we may not know the people down the street from us, sharing things —even with strangers we’ve just met online — allows us to make meaningful connections.“This isn’t just about saving the environment or saving a buck,” sa ys SnapGoods CEO Ron Williams, who came up with the idea after renting a stranger’s motorcycle via Craigslist. “This is about saving yourself by making informed consumer decisions.”I’m not sure if I got a jolt of oxytocin when I borrowed Goodwin’s iPa d, but it did feel good to make a connection. In the end, though, I decided not to purchase an iPad. Sorry, Steve Jobs. I’m just not that into owning things anymore.6. The author rented an iPad instead of buying it because of the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. the iPad is expensive and the author wants to make sure an iPad is worthyB. he has already got an iPhone and expects to test the better quality of an iPadC. the local Apple Store only offers limited time to test out the machineD. the iPad is so expensive that he cannot afford it7. SnapGoods is a website which ____.A. facilitates online sharingB. helps people borrow things from their neighborsC. connects borrowers and lenders for stuff sharingD. sells iPad online8. From the author’s point of view, which is NOT a benefit of collaborative consumption?A. It helps cut down on overall use of resources.B. It makes more sense than buying stuff that is not frequently used.C. It provides cheaper stuff.D. It allows people to make meaningful connections.9. What is the author’s attitude towards SnapGoods?A. Favorable.B. Critical.C. Indifferent.D. Objective.10. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Borrow, Don’t Buy: Websites that Let Stran gers ShareB. SnapGoods: A Good Place for ShoppingC. The Reason Why I RentD. Tips for Selling Things on the InternetTEXT CThe transformative trends of the past 50 years that have led to a sharp decline in marriage and a rise of new family forms have been shaped by attitudes and behaviors that differ by class, age and race, according to a new Pew Research Center nationwide survey, done in association with TIME, complemented by an analysis of demographic and economic data from the U.S. Census Bureau.A new “marriage gap” in the United States is increasingly aligned with a growing income gap. Marriage, while declining among all groups, remains the norm for adults with a college education and good income but is now markedly less prevalent among those on the lower rungs of the socio-economic ladder. The survey finds that those in this less-advantaged group are as likely as others to want to marry, but they place a higher premium on economic security as a condition for marriage. This is a bar that many may not meet.The survey also finds striking differences by generation. In 1960, two-thirds (68%) of all twenty-somethings were married. In 2008, just 26% were. How many of today’s youth willeventually marry is an open question. For now, the survey finds that the young are much more inclined than their elders to view cohabitation without marriage and other new family forms —such as same sex marriage and interracial marriage — in a positive light.Even as marriage shrinks, family —in all its emerging varieties —remains resilient. The survey finds that Americans have an expansive definition of what constitutes a family. And the vast majority of adults consider their own family to be the most important, most satisfying element of their lives.11. According to the survey, which is the root of the sharp decline in marriage and the rise of new family forms in the United States？A. The transformative trends in the past 50 years.B. The growing income gap.C. Distinct attitudes and behaviorsD. Differences in class, age and race.12. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The sharp decline in marriage has nothing to do with personal income.B. Adults with a college education and good income are less inclined to marry.C. Now a higher demand on economic security as a condition for marriage has become a bar which is hard to meet.D. Unlike the elders, more young people view cohabitation without marriage unacceptable.13. According to the passage, today’s youth are much more positive about the following family forms EXCEPT _____ than their elders.A. cohabitation without marriageB. early marriageC. same sex marriageD. interracial marriage14. According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. New family forms — such as same sex marriage and interracial marriage — are well accepted by the vast majority of Americans.B. The survey in Paragraph 1 is accomplished by an analysis of demographic and economic data from the U.S. Census Bureau.C. Income has more or less affected people’s inclination to marriage.D. Even though marriage is declining, a large majority of Americans still regard their own family most satisfying.15. The author sounds _____ in the last paragraph.A. optimisticB. bitterC. worriedD. ironicTEXT DA few years ago, teachers at Ellis Middle School in Austin, Minn., might have said that their top students were easy to identify: they completed their homework and handed it in on time; were rarely tardy; sat in the front of the class; wrote legibly; and jumped at the chance to do extra-credit assignments.But after poring over four years of data comparing semester grades with end-of-the-year test scores on state subject exams, the teachers at Ellis began to question whether they really knew who th e smartest students were. About 10 percent of the students who earned A’s and B’s in school stumbled during end-of-the-year exams. By contrast, about 10 percent of students who scraped along with C’s, D’s and even F’s — students who turned in homework late, never raised their hands and generally seemed turned off by school — did better than their eager-to-please B+ classmates.Some of the discrepancy between grades and test scores could be explained by test anxiety —that some students have trouble showing what they know in a standardized, timed environment. And some teachers simply may have done a poor job teaching what the standardized exam tested. But Austin’s school superintendent, David Krenz, and the principal at Ellis, Katie Berglund, said the disconnection between semester grades and end-of-the-year exams was too large and persistent to be the result of such factors.“Over time, we began to realize that many teachers had been grading kids for compliance —not for mastering the course materia l,” Ms. Berglund said. “A portion of our A and B students were not the ones who were gaining the most knowledge but the ones who had learned to do school the best.”Last fall, over protests from parents of some of the above-average students, the teachers at Ellis tried a new, standards-based grading system.As test scores fast become the single and most powerful measurement by which educational outcomes are being judged, more schools might find themselves engaged in what has become a pivotal debate: Should students be rewarded for being friendly, prepared, compliant, a good school citizen, well organized and hard-working? Or should good grades represent exclusively a student’s mastery of the material?When parents of students at Ellis Middle S chool look over their children’s report cards, they will find a so-called “knowledge grade,” which will be calculated by averaging the scores on end-of-unit tests. Homework is now considered practice for tests. Assignments that are half done, handed in lat e or missing all together will be noted, but will not hurt a student’s grade. Nor will showing up late for class, forgetting to bring your pencil, failing to raise your hand before shouting out an answer or forgetting to bring in a permission slip for the class trip — infractions that had previously caused Ellis students’ grades to suffer.Some parents welcome the change, for it provides grounds for equality. Their grades are more accurately reflecting their knowledge. While some other parents protest against the new policy, saying that the fact that daily homework, even when it is handed in late, accounts for only 10 percent of the grade, encourages laziness. Though they admit the old system did reward compliance, they consider revamping the policy in a way that could be of detriment to the kids who do well is not the answer. In the real world, they believe, attitude counts.16. Which of the following is NOT a merit of the so-called top students according to teachers atEllis Middle School?A. Being eager to get the extra credit.B. Being self-motivated for extra-curriculum activities.C. Being cooperative in finishing the assignments.D. Being very attentive in class.17. What did the teachers at Ellis find out after looking over four years of data?A. Usually students’ performance in class is consistent with their test scores.B. There is a big discrepancy between grades and test scores.C. Average students did even better in final exams than those so-called top students.D. The students were so naughty that they were playing tricks on their teachers.18. In the second paragraph, the author makes comparisons between two groups of students to illustrate ____.A. students who earned A’s and B’s in school actually are worse than students who got C’s or D’s or E’sB. some of the discrepancy between grades and test scores could be explained by test anxietyC. some A and B students were not the ones who were gaining the most knowledge but the ones who had learned to do school the bestD. the standard of evaluating the student’s ability is worth rethinking19. The new grading system includes all the following aspects EXCEPT that ____.A. assignment only works as a reference material to a student’s gradeB. being late for class would not cause students’ loss of scoresC. the good cultivated manners at class would be taken into considerationD. the knowledge score will be calculated by averaging the scores on end-of-unit tests20. According to the passage, why are some parents NOT in favor of the new school policy?A. Because they think the new system rewards compliance.B. Because they think the new policy is not effective in encouraging students to study.C. Because they think the new policy doesn’t take the students’ attitude towards study into account.D. Because they think the new policy is not fair to those who get high semester grades.1. 参考答案：CTIP：要求根据文章内容推断作者的意图。
(完整版)英语专业四级模拟试卷(1)(可编辑修改word版)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS—GRADE FOUR—MODEL TEST ONEPART I DICTATION [10 MIN] Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]SECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk. You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY. While listening, you may look at the task on the ANSWER SHEETONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the talk. When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work.SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section, you will hear two conversations. At the end of the conversion, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now, listen to the conversations.Conversation OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on Conversation One.1. A. A two-storied and four-bedroom house located in a small town.B.A town house with two floors, two bedrooms, and four bedrooms.C.A two-bedroom town house with four bathrooms, two floors.D.A two-storied house located in a street with an area of 1080m2 .2. A. $ 250,000.B. $ 260,000.C. $ 253,000.D. $ 263,000.3. A. His credit score is of average level.B.His credt score is of advanved level.C.He pays on time occasionally.D.He keeps records of the credit.4. A. His gross monthly income is sufficient.B.His preference of a moderate life of loan.C.The interest of the 30-year one is beyong his capacity.D.His unwillingness to pay much money.5. A. Credit.B.Life of the loan.C.Bank policy.D.Income.Conversation TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on Conversation Two.6. A. When you want to save more money.B.When you want to get a discount.C.When the gift is on your shopping list.D.When the gift is worth the money.7. A. Limit 1.B.Limit 3.C.Limit 5.D.Limit 6.8. A. If I buy the goods, I will save more money.B.If I don’t buy the goods, there will be no such goods.C.If I buy the goods, I will get a free gift.D.If I don’t buy the goods, they will raise the price.9. A. In order to let you conpare prices when buying.B.In order to let you ignore the high price.C.In order to let you buy things in advance.D.In order to let you wait to buy some better things.10. A. “Stay focused” are the key words when shopping.B.Kellt Grant tells us to make a shopping list and check it twice when shopping.C.Kelly Grant recommends the “shop now, save later” shopping way.D.Coupons are the things that the stores want you to come back again.PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [10 MIN]There are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.11.Among the sentences below, it is sentence that denotes “future of present cause”.A.The hugely successful British boy band will split soon.B.The hugely successful British boy band may be splitting soon.C.The hugely successful British boy band is going to split soon.D.The hugely successful British boy band is splitting soon.12.The following determiners can be used with uncountable nouns EXCEPT .A.heaps ofB.lots ofC.umpteenD.quantities of13.Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?A.Mr White is principal of the school, and an expert in translation.B.He is not man enough, and that’s all.C.Jack grew wheat on his farm during the day, and he studied astrnomy at night.D.He didn’t stay up late, and he was tardy for school.14.There was a storm I had never experienced before.A.such asB.as whichC.with whichD.for such15.This rule to everyone who for the post.A.will apply… will applyB.applies… will applyC.will apply… appliesD.applies…. is applying16.Who in but the President himself!A.is comingB.should comeC.cameD.has come17.Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?A.I don’t want a book with a torn cover.B.The grass was wet with rain.C.It is in bad taste to boost.D.Between four and six will suit me.18.Though the young lady was very pretty and gracious, she was none happier for her beauty.A.theB.muchC.moreD.enough19.Which of the following best explains the meaning of “Shall my daughter do your shopping for you?”A.Do you agree to my daughter doing your shopping for you?B.Are you willing to let my daughter do your shopping for you?C.Do you want my daughter to do your shopping for you?D.Am I willing to let my daughter do your shopping for you?20.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink.A.norB.no more thanC.not more thanD.any more than21.Harry took a of his drink and then put the glass down.A.tasteB.lickC.mouthD.sip22.As he made no to our quarrel, I assumed he had forgiven me.A.referenceB.statementmentD.mention23.At the casualty department my brother had his injury .A.curedB.healedC.relievedD.treated24.In the majority of cases, this is a vital operation.A.tremendousB.handsomeC.broadD.wide25.caused the accident has not yet been found.A.WhatB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Which26.What happens to her? She’s been behaving very strange late.A.byB.ofC.forD.till27.My young brother has really gotten under my skin. The underlined part means .A.made me angryB.made me tiredC.made me excitedD.made me annoyed28.—I’m glad to see you looking so well.—Yes, I feel as as a fiddle.A.wellB.fitC.fineD.fresh29.The local wine is rather rough, but you’ll soon a taste for it!A.receiveB.adoptC.acquireD.accept30.The rays of the morning sun begin to shine through windows, casting a glow ofgold over the landscape.A.carved antique woodenB.antique carved woodenC.antique wooden carvedD.wooden antique carvedPART IV CLOZE [10 MIN]Decide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blank. The words can be used ONCE ONLY. Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface by means of (31) , has been continuously practiced by humans for some 20,000 years. Together with other activities that may have been (32) in origin but have come to be designated as artistic such as music or dance, painting was one of the earliest ways in which man (33) to express his own personality and his (34) understanding of an existence beyond the material world. Unlike music and dance, however, examples of early forms of painting have survived to the present day. The modern eye can derive aesthetic as well as antiquarian satisfaction from the 15,000-year-old- cave murals of Lascaux-- some examples (35) to the considerable powers of draftsmanship of these early artists. And painting, unlike other arts, exhibits universal qualities that make it easy for viewers of all nations and civilizations to understand and appreciate.The major (36) examples of early painting anywhere in the world are found in Western Europe and the Soviet Union. But some 5,000 years ago, the areas in which important paintings were executed (37) to the eastern Mediterranean Sea and neighboring regions. Therefore, Western shared a European cultural tradition the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin and, later, the countries of the New World.Western painting is (38) distinguished by its concentration on the representation of the human (39) , whether in the heroic context of antiquity or the religious context of the early Christian and medieval world. The Renaissance extended this tradition through a(n) (40) examination of the natural world and an investigation of balance, harmony, and perspectives in the visible world, linking painting to the developing sciences of anatomy and optics.PART V READING COMPREHENSION [35 MIN]SECTION A MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEGiven the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their precollegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs.Anecdotal reports support this. Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin, Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, "Never was so dull a boy. " Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: "Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach."As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconformity and stubbornness (and Yeats's level of arrogance and self-absorption) are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lynn Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High-IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross had much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.41.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmith's teachers .A．to provide support for his argument.B.to illustrate the strong will of some gifted children.C.to explain how dull students can also be successful.D.to show how poor Oliver's performance was at school.42.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who .A．paid no attention to their teachers in class.B.contradicted their teachers much too often.C.could not cope with their studies at school successfully.D.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers.43.Many gifted people attributed their success .A．mainly to parental help and their education at home.B.both to school instruction and to their rparents' coaching.C.more to their parents' encouragement than to school training.D.less to their systematic education than to their talent.PASSAGE TWOA controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid ) fingerprinting in criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to trove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed form a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass., and Daniel L. Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method cannot properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns methods are adequate.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K.Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the federal Bureau of Investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples form various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, a National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation for DNA testing laboratories.44.Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects .A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.could be convicted of guilt as well45.The attitude of the Federal Bereau of Investigation shows that .A.e nough data are yet to be collected form various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihoodof two DNA samples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should be collected to confirm that only DNA samples formthe same person can matchC.e nough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood oftwo different DNA samples coming form the same personD.a dditional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected to determine that twoDNA samples are unlikely to come from the same person46.The National Academy of Sciences holds the stance that .A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.it is authorized to work out standards for testingD.it has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testingPASSAGE THREEA few months ago I was nominated for Governor of the great State of New York, to run against Stewart L. Woodford and John T. Hoffman, on an independent ticket. I somehow felt that I had one prominent advantage over these gentlemen, and that was, good character. It was easy to see by the newspapers, that if ever they had known what it was to bear a good name, that time had gone by. It was plain that in these latter years they had become familiar with all manner of shameful crimes. But at the very moment that I was exalting my advantage and joying in it in secret, there was a muddy undercurrent of discomfort "riling" the deeps of my happiness -- and that was, the having to hear my name bandied about in familiar connection with those of such people.But after all, I could not recede. I was fully committed and must go on with the fight. As I was looking listlessly over the papers at breakfast, I came across this paragraph, and I may truly say I never was so confounded before:PERJURY. -- Perhaps, now that Mr. Mark Twain is before the people as a candidate for Governor, he will condescend to explain how he came to be convicted of perjury by thirty-four witnesses, in Wakawak, Cochin China, in 1863, the intent of which perjury was to rob a poor native widow and her helpless family of a meagre plantain patch, their only stay and support in their bereavement and their desolation. Mr. Twain owes it to himself, as well as to the great people whose suffrages he asks, to clear this matter up. Will he do it?I thought I should burst with amazement! Such a cruel, heartless charge -- I never had seen Cochin China! I never had beard of Wakawak! I didn't know a plantain patch from a kangaroo! I did not know what to do. I was crazed and helpless. I let the day slip away without doing anything at all.[Mem. -- During the rest of the campaign this paper never referred to me in any other way than as "the infamous perjurer Twain."]Next came the "Gazette," with this:WANTED TO KNOW. -- Will the new candidate for Governor deign to explain to certain of his fellow-citizens (who are suffering to vote for him!) the little circumstance of his cabin-mates in Montana losing small valuables from time to time, until at last, these things having been invariably found on Mr. Twain's person or in his "trunk" (newspaper he rolled his traps in), they felt compelled to give him a friendly admonition for his own good, and so tarred and featheredhim and rode him on a rail, and then advised him to leave a permanent vacuum in the place he usually occupied in the camp. Will he do this?Could anything be more deliberately malicious than that? For I never was in Montana in my life. [After this, this journal customarily spoke of me as "Twain, the Montana Thief."]I got to pick up papers apprehensively -- much as one would lift a desired blanket which he had some idea might have a rattlesnake under it.By this time anonymous letters were getting to be an important part of my mail matter. This form was common:How about that old woman you kicked of...Shortly the principal Republican journal "convicted" me of wholesale bribery, and the leading Democratic paper "nailed" an aggravated case of blackmailing to me.[In this way I acquired two additional names: "Twain, the Filthy Corruptionist," and "Twain, the Loathsome Embracer."]There was no possible way of getting out of it, and so, in deep humiliation, I set about preparing to "answer" a mass of baseless charges and mean and wicked falsehoods. But I never finished the task, for the very next morning a paper came out with a new horror, a fresh malignity, and seriously charged me with burning a lunatic asylum with all its inmates, because it obstructed the view from my house. This threw me into a sort of panic. And at last, as a due and fitting climax to the shameless persecution that party rancor had inflicted upon me, nine little toddling children of all shades of color and degrees of raggedness were taught to rush on to the platform at a public meeting and clasp me around the legs and call me PA!I gave up. I hauled down my colors and surrendered. I was not equal to the requirements of a Gubernatorial campaign in the State of New York, and so I sent in my withdrawal from the candidacy, and in bitterness of spirit signed it,"Truly yours,"Once a decent man, but now MARK TWAIN, I. P., M. T., B. S., D. T., F. C., and L. E."47.According to Para.1, Twain felt uncomfortable probably because .A.he was afraid that his good fame would be blackenedB.he felt reluctant to associate with the evil peopleC.it brought no honor to the victor in an unequal contestD.it was too late to recede from a problematic competiton48.The Gazatte accused Twain of .A.throwing away his friend’s belongingsB.making a practical joke of his enemiesC.stealing and hiding a mate’s precious stuffD.occupying the camp of another person49.To injure Twain’s reputation, his rivals tried all the following EXCEPT .A.media disinformationB.letters if false accusationC.anonymous blackmailsD.humiliation in publicSECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section, there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer the questions with NO more than TEN words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE50.What makes gifted students often have little good to say about their school experience?PASSAGE TWO51.What is the main idea of the passage?PASSAGE THREE52.What does the word “ apprehensively” probably mean in Para.10?53.What may be the title for the passage?PART VI WRITING [45 MIN]Read carefully the following excerpt, and then write your response in NO LESS THAN 200 words, in which you should:·summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then·comment on whether surveillance cameras are beneficial or not.You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your response on ANSWER SHEET THREE.——THE END ——ANSWER SHEET 1PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONCoral ReefsI.Coral reefs facing a precarious situation1)Warmer oceans due to (1)2)Death of corals: Temperatures rise (2) than average summer maximum3)Reasons why coals die at high temperatures: (3) between corals and algae destroyed. II.New study on corals in the Persian Gulf1)Phenomenon:Algae there can bear as hot as (4)2)Findings:A.Algae inside the Persian Gulf corals is (5)B.Survival of corals in the Persian Gulf: dependent on the (6) of the algae3)Method:Step 1: Samples from (7) within the Persian Gulf, the (8) Gulf of Oman, and the Red SeaStep 2: (9) the samples for the (10) associated with the peculiar algaeStep 3: (11) of the peculiar algae itself examined4) (12) :Algae in the Perish Gulf gradually (13) the extreme heat of the Persian Gulf5)Conclusion: The traits remain (14)6)Implication: The finding may help maintain the (15) of algae in oceansPART I DICTATION KeyPART II LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALK(1) climate change(2) a degree higher(3) the symbiotic relationship(4) 35 ℃(5) a different species(6) heat tolerance(7) 23 reefs(8) adjacent(9) Screen(10) unique DNA signature(11) Analyze the genetics(12) Explanation :(13) adapt to/ tolerate(14) to be identified(15) bio-diversitiesSECTION B CONVERSATIONS1~5 B B C D A6~10 C D B B CPART III LANGUAGE USAGE11~15C CD A C 16~20B B A B D 21~25D A D B B 26~30B A BC BPART IV CLOZE31~35 G L C A B36~40 N O E M JPART V READING COMPREHENSION41~43 A C B44~46 C B B47~49 A C C50.The lack of fit between gifted students and their schools.51.The controversial use of DNA fingerprinting.52.With anxiety and worry.53.Running / Campaigning for Governor.。
2024英语专四真题及参考答案
2024英语专四真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students (also known as the English Proficiency Test for College Students) is an official examination conducted annually in China. It serves as a measure of English language proficiency for Chinese college students seeking to pursue further studies or employment opportunities in English-speaking countries. This article will provide an overview of the 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students, as well as sample questions and reference answers for each section of the exam.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionIn this section, candidates are required to listen to a series of audio recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the information provided. The audio recordings cover a range of topics, including academic lectures, conversations, and news reports. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts. Here is a sample question:Question:What is the main topic of the conversation?A. Travel destinationsB. Environmental issuesC. Health and fitnessD. Job opportunitiesReference answer: C. Health and fitnessSection 2: Reading ComprehensionIn the reading comprehension section, candidates are presented with a series of passages and required to answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, or provide short answers based on the information provided in the passages. The passages cover a variety of topics, such as social issues, science, literature, and culture. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to understand written English and extract relevant information. Here is a sample question:Question:According to the passage, what is the main cause of climate change?A. DeforestationB. Industrial pollutionC. Natural disastersD. Population growthReference answer: B. Industrial pollutionSection 3: Cloze TestIn the cloze test section, candidates are presented with a passage containing several gaps. They are required to choose the most appropriate word or phrase from the options provided to fill in the gaps. The purpose ofthis section is to assess the candidates' vocabulary knowledge and ability to use context clues to determine the correct answer. Here is a sample question:Question:I can't believe how much technology has (1) __________ our lives in recent years. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly connected to the (2) __________ world. However, this (3) __________ of technology also brings about some challenges. People are becoming more reliant on their devices and less (4) __________ in face-to-face interactions.1. A. improvedB. transformedC. complicatedD. influenced2. A. physicalB. digitalC. virtualD. imaginary3. A. advancementB. intrusionC. adaptationD. avoidance4. A. proficientB. proficientC. engagedD. anomalousReference answers: 1. B. transformed2. B. digital3. B. intrusion4. C. engagedSection 4: WritingThe writing section requires candidates to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to express themselves in written English, as well as their critical thinking and organization skills. Here is a sample essay topic:Essay topic: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Reference answer:Studying abroad has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, studying in a foreign country allows students to immerse themselves in a different culture and gain a global perspective. They have the opportunity to learn a new language, meet people from different backgrounds, and develop important life skills such as independence and adaptability. On the other hand, studying abroad can be expensive andchallenging. Students may face language barriers, cultural differences, and homesickness. It can also be difficult to find a balance between academic responsibilities and personal life. In conclusion, while studying abroad offers numerous benefits, it is important for students to carefully consider the potential challenges and make an informed decision.Conclusion:The 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students is an important examination for Chinese college students aiming to enhance their English language proficiency. By providing an overview of the test structure and sample questions with reference answers, this article offers valuable insights for candidates preparing for the exam.。
专四听力评分标准(一)
专四听力评分标准(一)专四听力评分标准背景介绍专四（英语四级专业四级）是全国性英语考试之一，在国内许多大学的英语专业中是必修课程。
听力是其考试中的一项重要内容，也是许多考生较为薄弱的部分。
评分标准专四听力考试分为两部分：听对话和短文理解。
每部分各有 20 道题，每题只播放一次录音，共计 40 道题。
听力部分总分为 100 分，占考试总分的 40%。
评分标准如下：•0 分：没听到或未作答• 1 分：答案与录音完全不符• 2 分：答案与录音部分符合，但错误答案数量或质量较多• 3 分：主干意思符合，但有一些细节错误• 4 分：答案与录音完全一致，或有一些无关重要细节错误但不影响理解建议为了提高专四听力成绩，建议考生做些针对性的练习。
可以多听英语原版广播、电影、电视剧等，提高自己的英语听力。
同时也可以找一些专业的听力考试材料，一步步加深自己对英语听力的理解。
不要放弃，坚持练习，相信就能取得好成绩。
如何应对评分标准为了获得更高的分数，考生可以在听力考试前，结合评分标准多做一些准备工作：1.认真审题：在听力考试时，一定要认真审题，仔细阅读每道题的要求和问题。
只有知道自己要听什么，才能有目的地去听录音，有效提升得分。
2.抓重点：录音播放时间很短，只有一遍，所以考生在听录音时要尽可能抓住重点。
常见的重点包括人名、地点、时间、数字、关键词等等。
因此，重点听，轻松答。
3.多听原音：在做听力练习时，不要只依赖于答案，多听几遍原音，尝试自己听懂和理解录音中的内容。
在听完录音后，可以小结一下每段录音的主要内容，这样也有助于提高听力理解能力。
4.增强记忆：考生在听完录音后，要尽快做答案，把自己的记忆尽可能记下来。
因为经常会出现后面题目回答前面题目问题的情况，做到及时记录能有效地减少这些错误。
总之，在备考时掌握这些评分标准，灵活运用上述策略，相信考生一定能够取得好成绩。
专四词汇语法1
将 来
例句：About
marriage
If you had married me before, you would not have gone through such a difficult period.(过去） If I were you, I would marry the guy in front of you. （现在） If I were a man in the afterworld, I would marry a girl exactly like myself. （将来） If the sun were to/should rise in the west tomorrow, I would think about marrying you.（将来）
exclusive news / report / store / club Are we exclusive?
语法题
53. She ________ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference. (2009) A. had been B. must be C. has been D. must have been 56. She ________ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference. （2007） A. must be B.had been C.could be D. must have been 51. ___ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy. （2000） A. Looking B. Looked C. Having looked D. To look 64. ____ at in his way, the situation doesn’t seem so desperate. （2007） A. Looking B.Looked C.Being looked D. To look
专四试题及答案2024
专四试题及答案2024一、听力理解（共20分）1. 短对话理解（共5分）- 根据所听对话，选择正确答案。
- 例：What is the man going to do?- A. Go to the library.- B. Go to the cinema.- C. Go to the concert.- 答案：A2. 长对话理解（共5分）- 根据所听对话，回答以下问题。
- 例：What is the main topic of the conversation?- 答案：The main topic is the upcoming holiday plans.3. 新闻听力（共5分）- 根据所听新闻，选择正确答案。
- 例：What is the news report mainly about?- A. A new policy.- B. A natural disaster.- C. A sports event.- 答案：B4. 听力填空（共5分）- 根据所听短文，填写空缺的单词或短语。
- 例：The project was completed on _______.- 答案：schedule二、阅读理解（共30分）1. 快速阅读（共10分）- 阅读文章，判断下列句子是否正确。
- 例：The article mainly discusses the benefits of exercise.- 答案：True2. 深度阅读（共20分）- 阅读文章，回答以下问题。
- 例：What is the author's opinion on the issue?- 答案：The author believes that the issue requires a balanced approach.三、词汇与语法（共20分）1. 词汇选择题（共10分）- 选择最合适的词填空。
- 例：The _______ of the new policy was met with mixed reactions.- A. introduction- B. conclusion- C. exclusion- 答案：A2. 语法填空（共10分）- 根据句子结构，填写正确的语法形式。
专业英语四级(听力)练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（听力）练习试卷1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute1．正确答案：Unemployment Most people are much more frightened by being unemployed than they need to be. / Being unemployed certainly has disadvantages, /but there are good things about it too./ One advantage is that you don’t have to get up early to go to work in the rush hour. /You can stay in bed as long as you like, /and there is plenty of time to read the newspaper and have a leisurely breakfast. /But the best thing of all is that you are your own boss and there is no one to tell you what to do and when to do it. / One drawback of being unemployed is that you haven’t got much money coming in/--having a job at least enables you to save a lot of money to go on holiday. /On the other hand, /when you are unemployed you needn’t go on holiday, /because you are on holiday already. /In fact, the main trouble is that you have to spend much time looking for a job. /解析：这篇听写材料属于议论性质。
专四语法串讲1-虚拟语气、倒装
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should, could, might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would(should, could, might)+ have done；例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should, could, might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年）• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
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2. 用词准确
• 客人们在共进晚餐后都松弛下来，也随便 多了。 • After a good dinner together, all the guests relaxed and became quite careless. • After a good dinner together, all the guests relaxed and became quite familiar.
The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood
• According to a survey, people are becoming more and more forgettable than years ago. They may forget eating dinner or mothers' birthday.. The reason for this is the pressure from education, career and family. In my view, no matter how many reasons we may have, we should keep a good mood at any time.
二.措词
• • • • • 用词具体 用词准确 简洁 代词指代一致 避免使用方言俚语
1.用词具体
• He is a good man. • He is kind and honest.
• The bathroom and th kitchen are good. • The bathroom and th kitchen are wellfurnished. • My supervisor went past my desk. • My supervisor saunter (went slowly) past my desk.
• My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk. • My little sister prefers chocolate milk. • We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendation. • We have received your letter and intend to follow your recommendation.
• The most important reason for this view is that many people forget too many details in their daily life. They forget they should eat three times a day; they forget they should show their care to their loved one. As a result, they can't keep healthy or they lose their loved ones. In addition, many people forget the tasks their boss asked them to do. As a result, they lose the job.
1.使内容流畅
• She was sympathetic, tolerant, and people respected her. • She was sympathetic, tolerant, and respected her by people.
• The Prime Minister stepped off the plane. Journalists immediately surrounded her. • The Prime Minister stepped off the plane. she was immediately surrounded by journalists.
• After military training, for a few days, we were all knocked up. • After military training, for a few days, we were all exhausted.
三.句子
• 1.使内容流畅 • 2.增强表现力
2.增强表现力
• (1)用词具体，含义明确。 • To cooperate with others well, one needs to know something about cooperation. • To cooperate others well, one should be tolerant, considerate and should have a sense of teamwork.
• Examination is important to get to know the students. • Testing students by examinations has always been regarded as the reliable method to measure students' level.
• She is a careful shopper. • She compares prices and qualities.
• He was always the first to spot a criminal in the crowd. • Several whales were sighted. • Peeking behind the curtains, he recognized the man standing in the kitchen. • The linguists spend a great deal of time in observing how people talk in their daily communication. • No one witnessed the bank being broken into.
• We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire. • We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.
• We have an old musical instrument. People call it a clavichord. Someone made it in Germany in 1681. • We have an old musical instrument. It was called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681.
• My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores. • My sister and I bought the same, dress in different stores.
4.代词指代一致
• 1.The university students like the twoday weekend very much because our study is very heavy in a week, and the two days can give me more time to rest, which is really beneficial to their health.
• 2.The figure show that more and more students depend on computers. It can help you to study your subjects. We can also acquire news from the Internet.
• Every graduate has the equal chance. • Every graduate has the equal chance to get a satisfactory job in the job-hunting.
• I enjoy sports very much. • Participating in sports activities occupies a lot of my spare time in the college.
TEM4
Writing
评分标准
tips
真题分析
• • • • 立场选择 问题解决型 观点论证型 比较对Best Way to Stay Healthy(2002) • One Way to Solve the Problem(air pollution）(1998)
观点论证型
比较对比型
1.校园话题
2.社会话题
2.社会话题
1.审题
My Idea of a University Arts Festival
• For my part, university arts festival is very good for us university students for two main reasons: it can make our university life more colorful, and it can also provide chances by which we can show our abilities. • For one thing, University Arts Festival can add more interest to our university life....