DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE
鹿和能量循环
Unit 2Warm-UpQuestions1. Do we need to worry about the amount of energy we use?2. Are there any ways to cut back on our energy use?3. Do you think there is anything we can learn from animals about howbest to live our livers?Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the “energy crisis”of 1973—1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lesson he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.Deer and the Energy CycleAaron N. MoenSome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’t love; it’s money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends.It is fairly well know that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during the times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the formof fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.A good case in point is the white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and give birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must searched for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s need but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available this is good timing, because milk production in an energy consuming process ——it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother’s milk and more dependent on growing plants as food source. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grow males. Fat reserves are likely bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.As fall turns into winter, other change take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold.But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter ——an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slow down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy.The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don’t hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.When the energy crisis first came in 1973—1974，I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio:“Drive only when necessary,” were told. “ put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down.” Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter.Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animals such as deer.Yes, life —and death, too —is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.And the cycle continues.[ 862 words ]译文：有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗？在1973—1974年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时，鹿如何生存。
Book4unit 2 Deer and the Energy__Cycle-1
reserve
Useful Collocations:
hold/keep sth in reserve 保留某物; 保存某物; with reserve 有附带条件地；有保留地; 有顾虑地; without reserve 无条件地；无保留地
reserve
【补充】n.
an area of land where wild animals nad plants are protected 保留地，专用地 a game/ wildlife reserve 禁猎区 a nature reserve 自然保护区
8. progress 【教材】vi. advance; make progress 前进, 进步, 进展
She is progressing in her study. 她在学习上有进步。 【补充】n. 前进, 进步, 进展 Study hard and make progress every day.
Information related to the text System (Ecosystem) 3. Ecological
• A system is made up of a group of living organisms and their physical environment, and the relationship between them. A pond, a _______, a forest or an ocean may be an ___________. ecosystem lake An ecosystem includes such ________ as food supply, weather factors and _______________________. natural enemies • Any change in environment has far-reaching ________ on living effects things. The clearing of a forest, for example, may _____________ birds and affect drainage (排水). Without birds drive ________________ under control, the insects to keep away ________ harmful insects damage to crops. Without trees to and may do serious hold back multiply rain water, erosion may set in and ruin ________.
大学英语精读第三版第四册Unit2 课件
pregnant annually in late autumn, producing one to three young in
late spring or early summer. The normal lifespan is 15 to 20 years.
fawn Ex. P35
doe
buck
Language points
1. turn of mind: a characteristic tendency or way of thinking e.g. He is a man of a very peculiar turn of mind. He has a poetic/philosophic/humorous/optimistc/curious turn of mind. 2. currency: the particular type of money in use in a country e.g. Though gold is still used as a standard of value, it is no longer used as currency. 3. convert into: change into e.g. The hotel is said to have been converted into an office building. Coal can be converted into gas by burning. 4. Ecological system
when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer
conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.
Unit_2_Deer_and_the_energy_Cycle讲稿
Unit 2 Deer and the Energy CycleTeaching Time: 8 hoursStudents’ level: Sophomores of non-English majors in the 2nd semester. Teaching Objectives:1. Get Ss to know the energy cycle and instruct them to observe the animal’s living instinct in order to value the natural resource; learn about food-energy-life-death.2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.W ords: tendency, rate, area, plentiful, possessions, currency, scarce, ample, drowsy, fundamental, accumulate, internal, hencePhrases & Expressions: to meet the needs, turn of mind, convert into Grammar:3. About the reading, Ss should know the usage of dictionary.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill—coherence.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher.教学要求：1．要求学生掌握本单元的中心思想和文章结构。
大学英语听力：UnitTwo：DeerandtheEnergyCycle
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TextIs there anything we can learn from deer? During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about he way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLESome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends.It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males. Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold.But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter—an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio: " Drive only when necessary," we were told. "Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down." Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.Yes, life—and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.And the cycle continues.New WordsDeern. (sing. or pl.)⿅romantica. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的turnn. a natural tendency; inclination(天⽣）倾向currencyn. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币a. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and their environment ⽣态的ecologyn. ⽣态学convertvt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使转变；使改变信仰（等）excessn. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过量；过度reserven. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）scarce a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的wildlifen. animals and plants which live and grow wildnutritiousa. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的femalea. of the sex that gives birth to young ⼥（性）的；雌的n. a female person, animal or plantconceivevt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思fawnn. a young deer less than a year oldtimingn. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择consumevt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费regionn. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（⾝体的）部位amplea. plentiful 充裕的resourcen. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do what one wants 资源dependenta. relying (on another) for supportmalea. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的n. a male person, animal or plantantlern. the solid, bony horn of a male deer ⿅⾓，茸⾓depositvt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放；使沉积doen. a fully-grown female deerexpendvt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽accumulatev. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚accountn. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款spotteda. marked with spotsdepthn. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度safeguardn. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施internala. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的a. ⽣理的；⽣理学的metabolismn. 新陈代谢hencead. therefore 因此，所以expendituren. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费；⽤光；⽀出额，费⽤somewhatad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微drowsya. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的hibernatevi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠extremen. either end of anything; highest degree 极端seasonala. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的rhythmn. 节奏abundanta. more than enough 充⾜的；丰富的cabinn. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house ⼩⽊屋；茅舍meltv. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化amusinga. funny 逗⼈笑的；引起乐趣的amusevt. cause to laugh or smilethermostatn. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器biologicallyad. ⽣物学上biological a.survivaln. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存productivityn. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness ⽣产⼒；⽣产率；多产fundamentala. basic; most importantPhrases & Expressionsgo roundfunction smoothlyin the form of以…形式in pointappropriate; pertinent 适⽤的；相关的in (good) conditionin good health, physically fitgive birth (to)bear; (fig.) produce ⽣（孩）⼦，产（仔）；产⽣，引起draw ontake or use as a source 利⽤；动⽤slow down(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way （使）慢下来；（使）放松turn downreduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关⼩，调低move abouttravel around; go from one place to anotherhelp (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机Proper NameMinnesota明尼苏达（美国州名）。
大学英语精读文本
大学英语精读文本精选大学英语精读文本大学英语精读文本Unit 1TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising s that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these s to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad s. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven s, roll them together, slip a rubber bandaround them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning.""Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'""That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the s keep reproducing themselves!""Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have toremove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each —about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton fromvarious corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignit y of having to ask you for……"New Wordsbuckn. (sl.) U.S. dollarplastica. 塑料的n. (pl) 塑料doorknobn. 门把手leisurelya. unhurried 从容的，慢慢的leisuren. free time 空闲时间，闲暇lucrativea. profitable 有利的；赚钱的painvt. cause pain topanhandlevi. (AmE) beg. esp. on the streetsdeliveryn. delivering (of letters, goods, etc.)投递；送交enthusevi. show enthusiasminquirevt. asksupera. (colloq.) wonderful, splendid; excellentsnapvt. say(sth.) sharply 厉声说n. 插页normallyad. in the usual conditions; ordinarily 通常companyn. 公司echovt. say or do what another person says or does; repeat 附和；重复adn. (short for) advertisementinformvt. tell; give information 告知porchn. (AmE) veranda 门廊armloadn. as much as one arm or both arms can hold; armfulwalkn. a path specially arranged or paved for walking 人行道unnaturallyad. in an unnatural way 不自然地quavervi. (of the voice or sound) shake; tremble 颤抖truckloadn. as much or as many as a truck can carrydepartment storen. store selling many different kinds of goods in separate departments 百货公司dimen. coin of U.S. and Canada worth ten centsdime storen. (AmE) a store selling a large variety of low-priced articles; variety store 廉价商品店；小商口店drugstoren. (AmE) a store that sells not only medicine, but also beauty products, film, magazines, and food 药店，杂货店groceryn. a store that sells food and household supplies 食品杂货店sectionn. part of subdivision of a piece of writing, book, newspaper, etc.; portion （文章等的）段落；节；部分cramvt. fill too full; force or press into a small space 把……塞满；把……塞进stackn. an orderly; heap or group of things 一叠（堆、垛等）bandn. flat, thin piece of material 带；带状物vt. tie up with a band 捆扎rubber bandn. 橡皮筋takeouta. （餐馆）出售外卖菜的rangen. the distance at which one can see or hear （听觉、视觉等）的范围marvel(l)ousa. wonderful; astonishingsteakn. 牛排；大块肉（或鱼）片soura. 酸的eeln. 鳗鲡diplomacyn. 外交encouraginga. 鼓舞人心的dentn. a hollow in a hard surface made by a blow or pressure; initial progress凹痕，凹坑，初步进展reproducevt. produce the young of (oneself or one's own kind) 生殖，繁殖bodilya. of the human body; physicalharmn. damage or wrong 伤害audiencen. the people gathered in a place to hear or see; a chance tobe heard 观众；听众；陈述意见的机会snarlvt. speak in a harsh voice 咆哮着说bonusn. an extra payment to workers 奖金thoughtfula. give to or indicating thought 沉思的，思考的cashn. money in coins or notes 现金activistn. a person taking an active part esp. in a political movement 激进分子work forcen. total number of workers employed in a particular factory, industry or area 工人总数；劳动人口competitivea. 竞争的organizern. person who organizes things 组织者mediationn. 调解partyn. one of the people or sides in an agreement or argument 一方；当事人graduallyad. slowly and by degrees.graduala.shrink (shrank, shrunk)vi. become less or smaller 减少；变小deadlinen. fixed limit of finishing a piece of work 最后期限station wagonn. 小型客车，客货两用车minimum (pl. minima or minimums)n. the smallest possible amount, number, etc. 最低限度的量、数等minimum wagen. the lowest wage permitted by law or by agreement for certain work 法定最工资odda. strange; unusualgoings-onn. activities, usu. of an undesirable kindcartonn. a cardboard box for holding goods 纸板箱（或盒）curbsiden. the area of sidewalk at or near curb （curb: 人行道的镶边石）enlistvt. obtain the support and help of; cause to join the armed forces 取得……的支持和帮助；征募trashn. waste material to be thrown away; rubbish 垃圾pickupn. a small light truck with an open back used for light deliveries 小卡车；轻型货车overhearvt. hear by chance; hear without the knowledge of the speaker(s)无意中听到；偷听到financen. money matters; (used in pl.) money; (science of ) the management of funds 财政；钱财；金融geezint.哎呀，呀salen. the act of selling sth.Phrases & Expressionspull upbring or come to a stop （使）停下a piece of cake(informal) sth. very easy to doeven asjust at the same moment asknow better thanbe wise or experienced enough not (to do sth.) 明事理而不至于be atbe occupied with, be doingmake a dent (in)make less by a very small amount; reduce slightly; make a first step towards success(in)减少一点；取得初步进展cut intoreduce; decrease 减少have no businesshave no right or reason 无权，没有理由settle foraccept, although not altogether satisfactory （无可奈何地）满足于settle one's accountpay what one owes 结帐quite a whilea fairly long timedraw(sb.'s) attention tomake sb. notice, or be aware offor saleintended to be soldfor rentavailable to be rentedbe done withstop doing or using; finish 做完，不再使用may/might/could as wellwith equal or better effect 不妨，还不如，最好Proper NamesMontgomery Ward蒙哥马利—沃德百货公司Sears, Roebuck西尔斯—罗百克百货公司Unit 2TextIs there anything we can learn from deer? During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about he way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLESome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecologicalsystem and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends.It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in fullgrown males. Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold.But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter—an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio: " Drive only when necessary," we were told. "Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down." Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years.It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.Yes, life—and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.And the cycle continues.英语单词速记：/52ejob/blog/item/c0976231f19ecc12eac4af 48.htmlNew WordsDeern. (sing. or pl.)鹿romantica. belonging to or suggesting romance; fanciful not practical 浪漫的；幻想的turnn. a natural tendency; inclination(天生）倾向currencyn. money that is actually in use in a country 通货，货币ecologicala. of or concerning interrelationship of organisms and theirenvironment 生态的ecologyn. 生态学convertvt. change (from one form, use, etc. into another); cause (a person) to change his beliefs, etc. 使转变；使改变信仰（等）excessn. the part that is more than enough; the condition of exceeding what is usual or necessary 过量；过度reserven. sth. that is being or has been stored for later use 储备（物）scarce a. not available in sufficient quantity 缺乏的wildlifen. animals and plants which live and grow wildnutritiousa. full grown and developed 成熟的；成年的femalea. of the sex that gives birth to young 女（性）的；雌的n. a female person, animal or plantconceivevt. become pregnant with (young); form (an idea, plan, etc.) in the mind 怀（胎）；构思fawnn. a young deer less than a year oldtimingn. selection for maximum effect of the precise moment for beginning or doing sth. 时机的选择consumevt. eat or drink; use; use up 消耗；消费regionn. a place, space or area; a part of the body 地区；（身体的）部位amplea. plentiful 充裕的resourcen. (pl.) possessions (esp. of a country). in the form of wealth and goods, that help one to do what one wants 资源dependenta. relying (on another) for supportmalea. of the sex that does not give birth to young 男（性）的；雄的n. a male person, animal or plantantlern. the solid, bony horn of a male deer 鹿角，茸角depositvt. put or store for safe keeping; (esp. of a liquid, a river) leave lying (a layer of matter)存放；使沉积doen. a fully-grown female deerexpendvt. spend or use up 花费；耗尽accumulatev. make or become greater in number or quantity; collect or gather 积累；积聚accountn. a sum of money kept in a bank which may be added to or taken from 帐户；存款spotteda. marked with spotsdepthn. the state or degree of being deep 深；深度，厚度safeguardn. a means of protection against sth. unwanted 预防措施internala. of or in the inside, esp. of the body 内部的；体内的physiologicala. 生理的；生理学的metabolismn. 新陈代谢hencead. therefore 因此，所以expendituren. expending or using up; the amount of money, time, etc. expended 花费；用光；支出额，费用somewhatad. by some degree or amount; a little 有点，稍微drowsya. sleepy or half sleepy; making one sleepy 困倦的；催眠的hibernatevi. (of some animals) pass the whole of the winter in a state like sleep 冬眠extremen. either end of anything; highest degree 极端seasonala. depending on the season; changing with the seasons 季节性的rhythmn. 节奏abundanta. more than enough 充足的；丰富的cabinn. a small roughly built, usu. wooden house 小木屋；茅舍meltv. cause (a solid) to become liquid; (of a solid ) become liquid （使）融化；（使）熔化amusinga. funny 逗人笑的；引起乐趣的.amusevt. cause to laugh or smilethermostatn. an automatic device for regulating temperature 恒温器biologicallyad. 生物学上biological a.survivaln. the fact or likelihood of surviving 幸存productivityn. the ability or capacity to produce, productiveness 生产力；生产率；多产fundamentala. basic; most importantPhrases & Expressionsgo roundfunction smoothlyin the form of以…形式in pointappropriate; pertinent 适用的；相关的in (good) conditionin good health, physically fitgive birth (to)bear; (fig.) produce 生（孩）子，产（仔）；产生，引起draw ontake or use as a source 利用；动用slow down(cause to ) go more slowly than usual; (cause to ) live, work, etc. in a less active and intense way （使）慢下来；（使）放松turn downreduce the force, speed, loudness, etc. of (sth.) by using controls 减弱；关小，调低move abouttravel around; go from one place to anotherpull throughhelp (sb.) to survive a period of danger or crisis 使渡过危险或危机Proper NameMinnesota明尼苏达（美国州名）Unit 3TextCan you prove that the earth is round? Go ahead and try! Will you rely on your senses or will you have to draw on the opinions of experts?WHY DO WE BELIEVETHAT THE EARTH IS ROUND?George OrwellSomewhere or other —I think it is in the preface to saint Joan —Bernard Shaw remarks that we are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages, and as anexample of modern cre一ty he cites the widespread belief that the earth is round. The average man, says Shaw, can advance not a single reason for thinking that the earth is round. He merely swallows this theory because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth following up, for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge. Just why do we believe that the earth is round? I am not speaking of the few thousand astronomers, geographers and so forth who could give ocular proof, or have a theoretical knowledge of the proof, but of the ordinary newspaper-reading citizen, such as you or me.As for the Flat Earth theory, I believe I could refute it. If you stand by the seashore on a clear day, you can see the masts and funnels of invisible ships passing along the horizon. This phenomenon can only be explained by assuming that the earth's surface is curved. But it does not follow that the earth is spherical. Imagine another theory called the Oval Earth theory, which claims that the earth is shaped like an egg. What can I say against it?Against the Oval Earth man, the first card I can play is the analogy of the sun and moon. The Oval Earth man promptly answers that I don't know, by my own observation, that those bodies are spherical. I only know that they are round, and they may perfectly well be flat discs. I have no answer to that one. Besides, he goes on, what reason have I for thinking that the earth must be the same shape as the sun and moon? I can't answer that one either.My second card is the earth's shadow: When cast on the moon during eclipses, it appears to be the shadow of a roundobject. But how do I know, demands the Oval Earth man, that eclipses of the moon are caused by the shadow of the earth? The answer is that I don't know, but have taken this piece of information blindly from newspaper articles and science booklets.Defeated in the minor exchanges, I now play my queen of trumps: the opinion of the experts. The Astronomer Royal, who ought to know, tells me that the earth is round. The Oval Earth man covers the queen with his king. Have I tested the Astronomer Royal's statement, and would I even know a way of testing it? Here I bring out my ace. Yes, I do know one test. The astronomers can foretell eclipses, and this suggests that their opinions about the solar system are pretty sound. I am, to my delight, justified in accepting their say-so about the shape of the earth.If the Oval Earth man answers — what I believe is true — that the ancient Egyptians, who thought the sun goes round the earth, could also predict eclipses, then bang goes my ace. I have only one card left: navigation. People can sail ship round the world, and reach the places they aim at, by calculations which assume that the earth is spherical. I believe that finishes the Oval Earth man, though even then he may possibly have some kind of counter.It will be seen that my reasons for thinking that the earth is round are rather precarious ones. Yet this is an exceptionally elementary piece of information. On most other questions I should have to fall back on the expert much earlier, and would be less able to test his pronouncements. And much the greater part of our knowledge is at this level. It does not rest on reasoning or on experiment, but on authority. And how can it be otherwise, when the range of knowledge is so vast that theexpert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his own specialty? Most people, if asked to prove that the earth is round, would not even bother to produce the rather weak arguments I have outlined above. They would start off by saying that "everyone knows" the earth to be round, and if pressed further, would become angry. In a way Shaw is right. This is a credulous age, and the burden of knowledge which we now have to carry is partly responsible.New Wordsprefacen. an introduction to a book or speech 前言,序gulliblea. easily deceived or cheated esp. into a false belief; credulous 易受骗的;轻信的superstitiousa. full of superstition; believing in superstitions 迷信的cre一tyn. a tendency to believe to readily 轻信citevt. mention as an example; quote (a passage, book, etc.) 举出;引出widespreada. found or distributed over a large area 分布广的;普遍的advancevt. put or bring forward; offer 提出appealvi. please, attract or interest 投合所好;有感染力;有吸引力mentalityn. way of thinking, outlook; mental power or capacity 心理,思想;脑力exaggeratevt. think, speak or write of as greater than is really so; overstate 夸张;夸大saken. end, purpose 缘故geographern. a specialist in geographyoculara. of, for, by the eyes; based on what has been seen 眼睛的;凭视觉的theoreticala. of or based on theorycitizenn. 公民;市民refutevt. prove (a statement) to be untrue; prove (a person) to be mistaken 驳斥mastn. a long upright pole of wood or metal for carrying flags or sails on a ship 桅杆funneln. a metal chimney for letting out smoke from a steam engine or steamship (蒸汽机,轮船等的)烟囱invisiblea. that can not be seenhorizonn. the line where the sky seems to meet the earth or sea 地平线phenomenon (pl. phenomena)n. 现象vt. bend so as to form a line that has no straight part 使成曲线n. a continuously bending line without angles 曲线followvi. result or occur as a consequence, effect, or inference 结果产生;得出sphericala. shaped like a ball 球形的ovaln.& a. (anything which is) egg-shaped 卵形的(东西), 椭圆的(东西)cardn. 纸牌analogyn. comparison of things that have a certain likeness; similarity 类比; 相似promptlyad. quickly and willingly 敏捷地;迅速地prompt a.bodyn. =celestial body 天体discn. 圆盘castvt. throw or drop; cause (light or shadow) to appear (on) 扔,投; 投射eclipsen. the total or partial hiding of one celestial body by another (天文学)食。
大学英语精读第四册 Unit 2 Deer and the Energy Cycle
Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the "energy crisis" of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about he way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.Unit 2 Deer and the Energy CycleSome persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn't love; it's money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends.It is fairly well known that wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But it is probably less well known that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.A good case in point is the whiter-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available. This is good timing, because milk production is an energy consuming process — it requires a lot of food. The cost can not be met unless the region has ample food resources.As the summer progresses and the fawns grow, they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources. The adult males spend the summer growing antlers and getting fat. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to deposit body fat for the winter. In the case of does and fawns, a great deal of energy is expended either in milk production or in growing, and fat is not accumulated as quickly as it is in full grown males. Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes difficult to reach because of deep snow.As fall turns into winter, other changes take place. Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker. The change in the hair coats is usually complete by September and maximum hair depths are reached by November or December when the weather becomes cold.But in addition, nature provides a further safeguard to help deer survive the winter—an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy. The deer become somewhat slow and drowsy. The heart rate drops. Animals that hibernate practice energy conservation to a greater extreme than deer do. Although deer don't hibernate, they do the same thing with their seasonal rhythms in metabolism. Deer spend more energy and store fat in the summer and fall when food is abundant, and spend less energy and use stored fat in the winter when food is less available.When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973-1974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed byan increase again in the spring as the snow melted. It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the radio: " Drive only when necessary," we were told. "Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat on your furnace down." Meanwhile we watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and reduce their metabolism as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.Not every winter is critical for deer of course. If the winter has light snow, survival and productivity next spring will be high. But if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for several weeks, then the deer must spend more energy to move about, food will be harder to find, and they must then depend more on their fat reserves to pull them through. If such conditions go on for too long some will die, and only the largest and strongest are likely to survive. That is a fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animal such as deer.Yes, life—and death, too -- is a cycle that goes round and round, and when animals die their bodies become food for other life forms to use by converting them into energy.And the cycle continues.。
College English (4-2)大学英语精读第四册
Unit 2: Deer and the Energy Cycle Introductory RemarksLife depends on energy. All human beings eat food and make use of the chemical energy in it, and so do all other animals. Calling energy the currency of the ecological system, Prof. Moen argues that it is neither love nor money but energy that makes the world go round.However, our energy sources are limited and, to make matters worse, we are rapidly using up our energy supplies. It is extremely important therefore that we conserve the supplies we have so as to make them last as long as possible.In this article Prof. Moen describes in great detail the life of deer round the year and the various means by which they survive the hard winter. When he concludes by saying “it is biologically reasonable for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chances of surviving in winter,” he is actually leading us to the question: If deer can do that, why not we human beings? Prefacedeer (单复数同形) e.g.: a deer; a herd of deermale deer--hart--buck公鹿;雄鹿;female deer--hind--doe雌鹿; fawn幼鹿; venison鹿肉energy crisis能源危机essay 散文Minnesota明尼苏达州(美国的州名)Pattern:observe + wh-word clause; observe sb do / doing sth survive (vt. & vi.): keep /remain alive from the danger or risk 1.The house survived the earthquake / survived in theearthquake.2.She survived her husband for ten years. (=live longer than) conserve: keep or store保存; 储存turn out: prove to be; become as a result of 证明是; 结果是1.That expensive watch turns out (to be) a counterfeit product.2.It turns out that his method does not work well.be applicable to 对…适用;apply … to …Compare: applicable --- practical --- feasibleDeer and the Energy Cycle鹿与能量循环Lines 1 – 13go round 运转romantic1.浪漫的2.不实在的(not practical) = impractical practical 实在的; 实际的turn of mind 性情; 素质1.She is of a cheerful turn of mind. 她性情(生性)开朗2.Mr. Smith is of a scholarly turn of mind. 史密斯先生有学者气质But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round.表语从句里是一句强调句ecological system= ecosystem生态系统ecology (n.)生态convert…into:change…into转化/转变成e.g.: Coal can be converted into gas by burning.convert … to: 皈依(宗教; 信仰)1.That young widow has been converted to Buddhism.2.We’ll soon convert him to our way of thinking.paper /foreign/hard/soft currency (硬通货;软通货)in turn依此; 反过来:e.g.: Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.On this cycle all life depends.(倒装句):All life depends on this cycle. from year to year = year after yeartimes of plenty旺季fall (AmE) = autumnstoring the excess (=surplus)hard time s艰难时刻reserves (=storage) of fat 储存的脂肪in the form of 以…的方式when food is scarce (=lacking, not enough)Note:spend …(in) doing sth; spend…to do sth(不定式做目的状语)Compare:finish / stop doing sth;finish / stop to do sthe.g.: Let us stop / finish (our work) to have a coffee break. Lines 14 – 33a (good) case in point: a good example of what is being talked about一个恰当的/有说服力的例子e.g.: He is rather selfish. His unwillingness to help his friend is acase in point.plenty of后面可跟可数复数与不可数名词nutritious (adj.) 有营养的nutrition (n.)营养品available:常作后置定语e.g.: They read all books available. Compare: available --- accessible --- obtainablephysically (bodily) mature(fully grown or developed) 生理成熟的Note: This draft will be mature / due or expire tomorrow. condition 1. 用于指具体的情况，条件时，一般用复数形式e.g.: in difficult conditions; under present conditions2. 通常表示笼统的状况，用单数 e.g.: He is in (good/poor) condition.conceive:be pregnantgive birth to (生育; 生下)two fawns (幼鹿)Compare: 1.search for … 2.search … for …1.The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain.2.The police are searching the mountain for the murderer. Compare: necessary --- indispensableNote: be indispensable to = be a must to / formeet…need(s)= meet … demands满足…需要occur (vi.): happen; take placetiming (U):时间的安排; 时机的选择e.g.: ______ (Time / Timing)is very important when you are involved in the stock market.energy consuming process消耗能量的过程Pattern: 1. require sth of sb; 2. require sb. to do sth.meet … cost满足…开支ample: enough /sufficient e.g.: There is ample space for a garage. Note: food resources食物资源food sources食物来源progress (vi.) : advancee.g.: The work is progressing / advancing steadily.be (become) dependent (adj.)on / upon:depend (vi.) on / upon adult (grown-up) males 雄性成鹿grow antler s长鹿角Pattern: continue doing /to dodeposit:keep store 储存; Deposit(=save) the money in your bank-note / bank account.body fat体内脂肪Compare: in the case of就…而言;至于; in case (of)万一;如果…doe: a fully-grown female deer does = doe +sa great deal of修饰不可数 e.g.: a great deal of water / milk expend (vt.):(more formal than spend or use up)花费(时间,精力,金钱)，消费，用尽(on or in +n.)accumulate (v.): gather or collect (little by little) 积累；积存Note: bank note 存折bank account帐户;存款draw on利用; 支取draw (vt.) (=take) money from the bankLines 34 - 48spot (n.)斑点; 现场(on the spot)spotted (adj.)有斑点的Fawns lose their spotted coat. 幼鹿失去有斑点的皮毛。
大学英语精读四第二单元Deer and the Energy Cycle
Thinking~
How to Solve the Energy Crisis?
Thank You Very Much!
宋忠伟制作
这句话是不完全否定结构，意思是： Only some winters are critical for deer of course. eg：Not all students knew the answer. Not every one of us can finish the task. What’s the meaning of “critical”?
能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能 量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生长、繁 殖和生存，生命才成为可能。
The Deer Is The Symbol Of The Energy Cycle
Language points
1、A good case in point is the white-tailed deer.(P3)
Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which In turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.
Text Structure
Parts Paragraph Main idea 1 2 3 1 2-9 10-11 Energy makes the world go round. Take the deer as an example to explain lives of wild animals. Life depends on energy, thus the cycle continues.
大学英语精读_双语4 (2)
must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.
另一些并不那么罗曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，不是爱情，
it's money.
而是金钱。
But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round.
但真实情况是，能量驱使世界运转。
Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy,
除非该地区有丰富的食物资源，否则无法满足这种消耗。
As the summer progresses and the fawns grow,
夏季一天天过去，幼鹿日渐生长，
they become less dependent on their mother's milk and more dependent on growing plants as food sources.
Unit Two
第二单元
Text
课文
Is there anything we can learn from deer?
我们能从鹿中学到一些东西吗？
During the "energy crisis " of 1973-1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota
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“ Drive only when necessary,” we were necessary,” told. “Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat（恒温器 ） on your furnace（火炉） down.” Meanwhile we down.” watched the deer reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair（冬季的厚毛）, and reduce their metabolism（新陈代谢）as they have for thousands of years. It is biologically（生物学上） reasonable（合理的） for deer to reduce their cost of living to increase their chance of surviving in winter.
When the "energy crisis" first came in 19731973-1974 时间状语从句 where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota………… Minnesota………… 定语从句修饰前面的area 定语从句修饰前面的area
Sentence analysis
When the "energy crisis" first came in 197319731974, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted.
Translation For Paragraph 8
当时广播台常告诉我们“ 当时广播台常告诉我们“没必要不 开车，”“多穿些衣服好好保暖，同时 开车，”“多穿些衣服好好保暖，同时 请调低锅炉上的恒温器。” 请调低锅炉上的恒温器。”这些话听起 来既有趣又逗笑。因为与此同时，我们 一直在注视着鹿减少活动，长出越冬的 厚毛，并减缓新陈代谢。几千年来，它 们一贯如此。鹿减少生存所需的能量消 耗以增加越冬的生存机会，从生物学的 角度来看是合情合理的。
DEER AND THE ENERGY CYCLE
7-8Paragraph
When the “energy crisis” first crisis” came in 1973-1974, I was living with 1973（忍受） my family in a cabin（小屋） on the edge of an area where deer spend the winter in northern Minnesota, observing（观察） the deer as their behavior changed from（变化） more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted（融化的） . It was interesting and rather amusing to listen to the advice given on the ranecessary Put on more clothes to stay warm, and turn the thermostat（恒温器 ） on your furnace（火炉） down 祈使句
vocabulary
energy crisis 能源危机 on the edge of 几乎；濒于；在…边缘 几乎；濒于；在… changed from 变化 give on 向着；朝向 （give upon upon） amusing 有趣的，好玩的；引人发笑的 （a a fun thing to do do） stay warm 取暖 turn…down… turn…down… 减小，调低 refuse to accept
Translation For Paragraph 7
1973-1974年间，第一次出现“ 1973-1974年间，第一次出现“能 源危机” 源危机”我正与家人住在明尼苏达州 北部一处鹿群过冬的地方的边缘地带。 我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习 性，观察他们是如何随着冬季来临从夏 秋的活动频繁状态而变得少动的，而到 春暖雪融时，它们的活动又是如何增多 起来的