Glossary of Chapter 5
放射物理单词
放射物理单词Chapter 1 Intuitive：直觉的Vibration 振动Oscillation 周期性地振荡Dimension 单位Coulomb 库仑Proportional 正比Isotope 同位素Random 随机Condenser 电容器Prefix 前缀Electrostatic 静电的Numerical 数字的Convert 转换Planetary 行星式的Diffuse 分散Penetrate 穿过Constituent 组成Bombard 轰炸Eject 射出Spectrometer 谱仪Arbitrarily 指定的Scale 刻度Subscript 下标Superscript 上标Alpha 希腊字母αOrbit 轨道Quantum 量子Mechanical ：机械的，力的Finite 有限的Precision 精度Tungsten 金属钨Cascade 雪崩Infrared 红外Geiger counter 盖革计数器Emit 发射Pertinent ：relevant to ,有关的，中肯的Spectrum 频谱Etcetera ：et. 等等…Voltage 电压Impinge ：impose，施加于Formula 公式Kinetic：动能Exponential：指数Attenuation：衰减Semilog：半对数Linear：线性Logarithmic：对数Fractional：分数Analogous：模拟Collision：碰撞Lethal：致命的Exponential：指数的Glossary of Chapter 2 ( problems and projects parts excluded) Filament ：灯丝Milliammeter ：毫安表Rhenium：金属铼grid ：栅winding ：线圈rheostat：变阻器wafer：应该是waterindium :金属锢arsenic：砷contour：轮廓线、等高线armature ：（电机里面的）转子molybdenum ：金属钼（乳腺X线机中球管用的主要材料）pit：坑、凹stray ：离散的、零落的hooded: 罩photocell ：光细胞photon：光子bremsstrahlung rediation：轫致辐射superimposed : 叠加的betatron :β对撞机mammography：乳腺X线机preferentially ：优先地Chapter 3Ejection 射出Configuration：Deuteron：氘Bombard：轰炸Betatron：β对撞机Linear：线性Nitrogen：氮Analogous：模拟的pinhead ：针尖rifle：步枪Geiger counter：盖革计数器Scintillation：闪烁Substitute：替代Decay：衰减integral ：集合的exponential：指数的cobalt：钴emit：发射dosimetry：剂量学“emitted radiation”：发射的射线Cumulate：应该是accumulate 积累Hypothetical：假设Exponentially：指数地rectangle ：长方形dosage：剂量值proportional：正比的vertical：垂直的horizontal：水平的intersection：交叉的cluster：簇uranium：铀repulsion ：排斥isobars：同质素（核子数同，质子数不同）sulphur ：硫phosphorus：磷electron capture：电子俘获schematically：图解地monoenergetic：单一能量radon：氡（镭衰变产生的放射性气体元素）plus ：加fluorescent：荧光的Rutherford ：卢瑟福Luminous ：发光的Dials ：刻度盘Proximity ：大概Scintillate：闪烁Ionization：电离Vapor ：蒸发Droplets ：滴Collide ：碰撞Tortuous 弯曲的Negatron ：负电子Negligible：忽略的Emission：发射isobaric line：同质素线neutrino：中微子neutral：核心的unequivocal：不等价的spectra：频谱的复述形式deposited：留存fraction：分数、部分spectrum：频谱cascade：雪崩barium：钡component：成分metastable：可能是拼错了finite：有限的reactor-produced：反应堆产生的the daughter nucleus：子核nitrogen：氮kinetic：动能annihilate：湮灭depicted：描绘the parent and daughter nuclei：父核子核auger electron：锇歇电子neon ：氖internal conversion ：内部转换superimposed ：叠加的spectral：谱的perturb：扰乱monoenergetic：单一能量的the fluorescent yield：产生的荧光vacancy：空的favored：可能是拼错了Auger：同锇歇电子Fraction：部分Isomer：同质异能素（质子数和中子数都同，核能态不同）Enunciate：清晰讲述/解释等Penetrate：穿过Instructive：指导的Horizontal：水平的Cows：奶牛（指能产生放射性核素的母核）Sterile：1 贫瘠的，无结果的2消毒的SolventShield ：屏蔽Milk：指放射性核素technetium-99m：锝-99ratio：比率equilibrium：平衡radioactive cow ：能产生放射性核素的母核approximate：大约的cyclotron：回旋加速器initially：初始的fission：分裂fragment：裂片subtraction：减fusion：聚合intercept ：截留cobalt：钴derive：演变assumption：假设irradiation ：照射scatter：分散resonance：共振thermal neutrons ：热核子potassium ：钾saturation：饱和exponential：指数的Avogadro’s number：阿佛加德罗常数Iodine：碘Mold：Integrate：集成Embed：嵌入Conversion：转换KMM AugerKML AugerElute：可能是拼错了Megawatts：兆瓦slices 层、片Chapter 4（1）Dosimetry 剂量学fluence 通量spectrum 频谱atom 原子collision 碰撞bremsstrahlung 轫致（辐射）kinetic 动能的attenuation 衰减coefficient 系数irradiate 发射fluctuation 波动equilibrium 平衡schematically 依照表格的bombard 轰炸attenuation 衰减portion 部分equilibrium 平衡dotted 点的horizontal 水平的attain 达到exponentially 指数的upstream 上游plot 画schematic 图表的coefficient 系数monoenergetic 单一能量的fraction 部分分数depict 描绘parallel 平行的traverse 穿过cavity 空腔molecule 分子integral 集成的intergral 同上isotope 同位素linace 直线加速器betatron beta加速器filtration 滤波cobalt 钴phantom 体模spectra 频谱linear 线性的arbitrariness 指定、任意chamber腔体tungsten 钨numerator （数学）分子denominator （数学）分母tabulate 列表radius 直径perturb 扰动摄动homogeneous 同类的, 相似的photon 光子negligible 可忽略的perturbation 扰动摄动finite 有限的geometry 几何composite 组成equivalent 等效affix 词缀使附于bracket 括号accuracy 准确vapor 蒸发calibrate 教标seal 封cone 锥形segregate 分解situate：To place in a certain spot or position 放置于axis 轴inverse 相反rectangle 长方形collimator 准直器interval 内部的bathe 浴condense 密的thimble 顶针，针状aluminum 铝impurity 不纯colloidal胶状的, 胶质的graphite 石墨equivalent 相当auxiliary 辅助snugly整洁地, 尚可的, 贴身地, 隐蔽地rectify 矫正versus 对fluctuate 波动appendix 附录fractional 分数的, 小数的tabular制成表的, 扁平的, 表格式的, 平坦的interpolate加入，插入ferrous含铁的, [化]亚铁的sulphate [化]硫酸盐equation 方程nitrogen 氮Chapter 4 (2)1. dosimetry 放射剂量学2. tissue-air 组织3. backscatter逆散射4. depict 描述描写5. irradiate 辐射照射6. calibration 教标7. dosimeter 放射剂量计8. phantom 体模9. kerma比释动能10. equilibrium 平衡11. statistical 统计的12. attenuation 衰减13. diameter 直径14. sphere 球15. cylinder 柱形16. cavity 腔洞17. tubing 管状的18. electrometer 静电计19. precise 精确的20. calorimeter 热量计21. approximate 大概22. obsolete荒废的, 陈旧的23. portion 一部分24. impurity 不纯洁25. spectrum 频谱26. proportionality 比例27. cylindrical 柱形的28. linac 直线加速器29. numerical 数字的30. spectra 频谱（复数）31. equivalent 平衡32. fraction 分数33. penetrate 插入34. negligible 忽略的35. linear 线性的36. perturb 扰动37. flux 流量38. perturbation 扰动39. perpendicular垂直的, 正交的40. axis 轴41. penetrate 插入42. monoenergetic 单一能量43. analogous类似的, 相似的44. polarization 极化45. condense 压缩46. gaseous 气态的47. interface 界面48. equilibrium 平衡49. attenuation 衰减50. coefficient 系数51. bremsstrahlung 轫致辐射52. appendix 附录53. integrals 集成54. yield 产生55. exponential 指数的56. dash冲撞57. upstream 向上游58. larynx 喉部59. plot 点60. auxiliary 辅助的61. scattering 散开的62. traverse 横贯的63. dotted 点的64. hence 因此65. emitter 发射器66. scheme 计划方案67. simplify 简化68. tabulate 制表69. ingest 摄入咽下70. valid 合法的71. calibrate 校正72. configure 配制设定73. bracket 括号74. apparent 明显的75. recoil 反冲76. Compton （人名）77. Victoreen 可能错误的拼写78. tabulate 制表CHAPTER 51. Instrumentations and techniques 仪器和技术2. ionization 电离3. saturation in ion chambers 饱和电离室4. dimension 维尺度5. the polarizing voltage 极化电压6. pulsed 脉冲作用的7. a luminum plates 铝板8. molecules 分子9. a parallel plate 平行板10. a finite chance of bumping 有限机会的碰撞11. an ion recombining 离子组合12. ion concentration 离子浓缩13. ion chamber calculation 电离腔计算14. tacitly assumed 假定15. decay 衰减16. exponential 指数的17. pulsed radiation 脉冲式的辐射18. the principles involved 包含的原则19. approximate expression 大概的表达20. Boag (B9)and Greening(G8)21. a parallel plate chamber 平衡板腔22. occupy 占领23. overlap region 重叠区域24. integral 集成的25. evaluate 评价26. the dimensionless variable 无量纲变量27. coulombs 库仑28. saturation curve 饱和曲线29. breakdown 崩溃30. the insulation 绝缘31. indicate 指示32. graphically 图形33. parameter 参数34. negligible 忽略的35. density 密度36. cylindrical and spherical chambers 柱形和球形腔37. the central electrode 中央电极38. a parallel plate ionization chamber 平行板电离腔39. equivalent gap 平衡缺口40. the ratio of the radius of the shell 半径与壳体的比例41. operational amplifiers 运算放大器42. sensitive electrometer 敏感的静电计43. inexpensive solid state operational amplifiers 不昂贵的固态运算放大器44. triangular structure 三角结构45. impedance 阻抗46. substituting 代替的47. “virtual ground”虚拟地48. leakage current 漏电流49. a sophisticated circuit 复杂的线路50. a frequency compensator 频率补偿51. current-to-voltage converter 电流电压转换器52. an infinite impedance 无限大阻抗53. integration period 综合周期54. integration cycle 综合循环55. switch 开关56. squeeze 压榨57. drain of the transistor 三极管耗尽58. differential amplifier 差分放大59. several amplifiers in series 系列的几个放大器60. practical devices for measuring radiation 测量放射的实际设备61. shielded cable 屏蔽电缆62. the polarizing voltage 极化电压63. rubber insulation 橡胶绝缘64. accidental ground 附属地65. a conducting plastic 传导塑料66. a cobalt unit 钴单元67. sensitivity 灵敏度68. guarded construction 保护结构69. the cable of inferior quality 次级质量电缆70. imbedded 嵌入71. insulator 绝缘72. a sheath of insulation 绝缘鞘, 护套, 外壳73. a rubber sheath 橡胶鞘, 护套, 外壳74. spurious signals伪造的, 假造的, 欺骗的信号75. condenser chambers 压缩电离腔76. the hollow insulator 中空绝缘77. the calibration factor 校正系数78. dosimeters 计量计79. wearer 佩带80. townsend balance汤森平衡81. an integrating dosimeter 集成剂量剂82. guarded construction83. an electrometer device 静电计设备84. potentiometer 电势差计85. initial null reading 初始空读数86. recalibration 重新校正87. Mylar 聚脂薄膜88. the cavity 空腔89. simultaneously 同时地90. a cobalt unit 钴单元91. the source off92. approximate 大约93. a scattering medium 分散媒介94. perturb 扰动95. stem 茎干96. malfunction 错误动作97. linear accelerator 直线加速器98. betatrons beta加速器99. terminate 终结100. the bending magnets101. linac102. target103. quadrant 象限104. an accurately calibrated chamber 精确校正的电离腔105. correction for inverse square law106. silicon rectifier 硅整流器107. fabricated 焊接的，虚构的108. diffused 分散的漫射的109. transparent 透明的110. a typical diode 典型的二极管111. linear 线性的112. oscilloscope 示波器113. a voltmeter of infinite impedance 内阻无限大的电压计114. circumstance 情况115. theory 理论116. logarithm 对数117. diagnostic 诊断118. the switching transients 交替的瞬态119. absorption coefficient 吸收系数120. photon 光子121. photoelectric absorption 光电吸收122. an enormous dynamic range 巨大的动态范围123. thermoluminesecent dosimetry 热释光计量方法124. the emission of light125. geologists 地质学家126. assumption 假设127. lithium fluoride 氟化锂128. crystalline structure 晶体状结构129. imperfection 不完善130. lattice 点阵晶格131. impurity levels 不纯程度132. subsequent 接下来的133. the emission of light134. schematically 图表的135. the irradiated sample 放射的样本136. photomultiplier 光放大137. cylindrical 柱状的138. quantitative 数量的139. a reproducible way 可复制的方法140. automatic commercial equipment 自动商业机器141. monitoring 监视142. molecules 分子143. ferric ions 亚铁离子144. the optical density 光密度145. spectrophotometer 分光光度计146. dimensionless 无量纲的147. the ferrous sulphate 硫酸亚铁148. spectral distribution 谱分布149. the Fricke dosimeter 弗里克剂量剂150. an irradiated volume of complex shape151. the presence of sulphur152. approximately 大致的153. the mass energy absorption coefficient 质能吸收系数154. film as a dosimeter 用菲林做剂量计155. the unaffected silver bromide 未受影响的溴化银156. a photocell placed 安装的一个光单元157. simplification 简化158. the optical density 光密度159. the calorimeter 卡路里计（一种热量计）160. semiconductor 半导体161. exhibit 展览162. pinhead 针头163. fluence 通量164. thermally 热的165. vacuum 真空166. minimizes 最小化167. aluminum 铝168. phantom 体模169. graphite 石墨170. tissue-equivalent plastic 与组织相当的塑料171. the jacket 外层172. configuration 轮廓组态外形173. thermal capacity 热容量174. parallel 平行的175. isolation 分离隔离176. the thermal conductivity 热传导177. irradiation 放射178. depletion枯竭损耗179. annealing and degasification program 退火去气程序180. feasible 可行的181. graphite 石墨182. approximation 大约Chapter66.01Mechanism 机制Macroscopic scale 肉眼观察的范围Deposit 沉淀Molecule 分子Progeny 次级后代Irradiation 辐射Fractionate 分级sublethal 次致命的redistribution 重新分布reoxygenation 重新充氧作用复氧hypoxic 缺氧therapeutic ratio 治疗比equivalence 等积等价isoeffect curve （原文在哪里？可能是印刷错误）cervix 子宫颈6.02Mammal 哺乳动物Molecule 分子Discrete 离散的Schematically 图解的Cluster 簇Tortuous 弯曲Medium 介质Cobalt 钴（一种放射性元素）Collide 碰撞Spectrum 频谱Velocity 速度Phantom 体模Maximum 最大的Approximately 大致Parameter 参数Manipulate 操纵Ingenious 灵巧精巧Demonstrating 演示Fluctuation 波动Implication 隐含6.03Solved 可解的Equation 方程Polar 极Aqueous 含水的Transient 透明的Radical 基Indicated 标明的oxidizing agent 氧化剂mechanism 机制phosphate 磷酸elaborate 精巧strand 带optimum 优化最佳的equivalent 相当的当量6.04Assay 检验Proliferative 增生性的Vitro 活体petri dish 培养皿incubating 孵化aliquot可分量整除数dilution 稀度稀释法hematopoietic 造血的marrow 骨髓intravenously 静脉的recipient 接受者leukemic 白血病的analogous 类似的模拟的hamster 田鼠spleen 脾inoculum 接种constant 常数minimum 最小的situcrypt 隐窝intestine 肠histological 组织学的slope 斜坡6.05Mathematical aspect 数学角度Scale 标尺刻度Linear 线性的Region 区域Exponentially 指数的Random 随机Deposition 沉淀沉积Inactivate 灭活Attenuation 衰减Integrate 集成Lethal 致命的Hence 因此Valid 合法的Semilog 半对数Extrapolation 归纳外推法Parameter 参数Increment 增加增量Contrary 对比Concave 凹Curvature 弧度曲率Precise 精确Unequivocally 确定的Coincide 符合6.06Vertical 垂直的Precision 精确Sigmoid 乙状结肠Column 栏目6.07Compromise 妥协Complication 并发症Conceptually 概念的Mammalian 哺乳动物Malignant 恶性的Subsequent 接下来后来的6.08Linacs 直加Erythema 红斑Meson 介子6.09Mitosis 有丝（分裂）Synthesis 合成Metabolic 代谢的tritiated thymidine 氚标记胸腺嘧啶核苷synchronized 同步地asynchronously 非同步地individual pattern 个体模式6.10fractionation 分馏法malignant 恶性的elapse 经过significant 显著的vertical pulse 垂直脉冲6.11isoresponse curves 等响应曲线isodose 等计量pelvic region 盆腔部位profile 侧面图轮廓plateau 高地symmetrical 对称的penalty 惩罚isocentric同心的steeper gradient 陡梯度6.12Hypoxia 低氧denominator 分母evaluate 估价dose-modifying 计量修改kilopascals 千帕capillaries 毛细管metabolism 新陈代谢morphological 形态学的distinct 清晰的necrotic 坏死intermittent 间歇性的modification 修改demonstrated 演示的intrinsically 本质上virtually 实际上circumstantial 情况reoxygenation 复氧potential 潜性电极severe 严重analogy 模拟6.13Isoeffect 等效Nominal 名义的Recurrence 复发重现Equivalent 相当的squamous carcinoma 鳞状癌breast 胸部regime 体制状况mammary 乳房的legitimate 法定的numerical 数值的protocol 协议scheme 图表drastically 激烈地formula 公式exponential 指数的interpretation 翻译dosages 用药量tabulated 列表circumstances 概况decay 衰减convex 凸的6.14Framework 框架Multiple 多的Demonstration 演示Confer 授予Cervix 子宫Anemia 贫血Prognosis 预后Larynx 喉头Alleviate 减轻Carboxyhemoglobin 一氧化碳血红蛋白stripped nuclei 被剥离电子的原子核carbon 碳neon 氮trajectory 抛射线pious 尽责的installation 安装terminated 终结的prime 首要的inferior 次要的facilities 设施density 密度tailor-made 定制的atomic 原子的disintegrate 分解compound 复合nitroimidazolesmetronidazole 灭滴灵misonidazole 甲氧甲基硝基咪唑乙醇toxicities 毒物empirical 经验的merits 优点sessions 对话eventually 最终portion 部分opposing tendencies 反向趋势kinetics 动能hyperthermia 高热症6.15Oncologist 肿瘤学家Procedure 步骤Diagnose 诊断Bottom 底部Approximately 大约Terminated 终结Specify 特定别Parallel 平行Clarification 分类Intersection 交汇crude survival 毛存活artifact 伪迹actuarial 精算的interval 间隔subtract 减sequence 序列verify 校正distorted 扭曲panel 面板reliability 可靠性binomial 二项式cumbersome 笨重的6.16Manipulation 手术操控Dosimetry 计量学Precision 精确Facilities 设施Supervoltage 过电压Antedated日期提前的Utilization 利用Installed 安装6.17Quantitative 定量的Adjuvants 辅助药Cytotoxic 细胞毒的6.18Iconography 影像学Minimize 最小化Visualize 视觉化直观化Facilitate 便利Inhomogeneities不均匀性<PIXTEL_MMI_EBOOK_2005>26 </PIXTEL_MMI_EBOOK_2005>。
5e规则书英文版
5e规则书英文版Title: Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition RulebookIntroduction:Welcome to the Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition Rulebook! This comprehensive guide is designed to help you navigate the exciting world of D&D and unleash your imagination. Whether you are a seasoned player or new to the game, this rulebook will provide you with all the necessaryinformation to embark on epic adventures and create unforgettable stories.Chapter 1: Getting Started- Overview of Dungeons & Dragons: Learn about thehistory and concept behind the game, as well as the basic terminology used throughout the rulebook.- Creating a Character: Step-by-step instructions on how to create a unique character, including choosing a race, class, and background. Explore the various abilities,skills, and equipment options available to your character.Chapter 2: Core Mechanics- Ability Scores: Understand the six core abilityscores and their impact on your character's capabilities.- Skills and Proficiencies: Learn how skills and proficiencies affect your character's ability to perform various tasks and interact with the game world.- Combat: Detailed explanations of combat mechanics, including attack rolls, saving throws, and damagecalculations. Discover the different types of actions your character can take during combat.- Spells: Introduction to spellcasting, spell levels, and spell slots. Explore the spellcasting abilities of different classes and learn how to cast spells effectively.Chapter 3: Adventuring- Exploration and Travel: Guidelines for exploring the game world, navigating through different terrains, and dealing with hazards.- Social Interaction: Tips on roleplaying andinteracting with non-player characters (NPCs), including negotiation, persuasion, and intimidation.- Equipment and Magic Items: Extensive lists of weapons, armor, tools, and magical items available to characters. Understand how to acquire, use, and maintain equipment.Chapter 4: Dungeon Master's Guide- Running the Game: Advice and tips for Dungeon Masters (DMs) on how to create engaging and immersive adventures, manage encounters, and handle player actions.- Creating and Managing NPCs: Guidelines for creating non-player characters, including their personalities, motivations, and abilities.- Worldbuilding: Tools and techniques for building arich and dynamic game world, including creating maps,cities, and dungeons.- Magic and Monsters: Comprehensive lists of spells and monsters, complete with descriptions, statistics, and abilities.Chapter 5: Advanced Rules- Optional Rules: Explore additional rules and variantsthat can be incorporated into your game, such as variant classes, alternative magic systems, and optional combat mechanics.- Advanced Character Options: Unlock new character options, such as subclasses, feats, and multiclassing, to further customize your character.- Epic Level Play: Guidelines for playing at higher levels, including epic boons and challenges for experienced characters.Appendices:- Glossary: A comprehensive list of terms anddefinitions used throughout the rulebook.- Index: An alphabetical index of topics and rules for easy reference.- Character Sheets: Blank character sheets for playersto record their character's information.Conclusion:The Dungeons & Dragons 5th Edition Rulebook is your gateway to a world of adventure, where you can become a hero, explore ancient ruins, battle fearsome monsters, and forge alliances with other players. With its detailed rules, engaging storytelling, and endless possibilities, this rulebook is your key to unlocking the ultimate gaming experience. So gather your friends, grab your dice, and let the adventure begin!。
电路原理及电工学常用专业英文词汇
电路原理及电⼯学常⽤专业英⽂词汇电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits”Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits 电路electrical circuit电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电位差potential difference电动势electromotive force功率power能量energy电阻resistor / resistance电导conductor / conductance电感inductor / inductance电容capacitor / capacitance欧姆定律Ohm’s Law⼴义欧姆定律generalized Ohm’s Law参考⽅向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极negative polarity理想独⽴电压源ideal independent voltage source理想独⽴电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS)流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS)流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点node⽀路branch回路loop基尔霍夫定律Kirchhoff’s Law基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law(KVL)闭合⾯closed boundary集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element⽆源器件passive element⽆损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resistanceY-Δ变换Wye-Delta transformation⼊端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis⽀路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method⽹孔电流法mesh current method外⽹孔outer mesh⾃导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix⾏row列column参考节点reference node平⾯电路planar circuit⽅程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则Cr amer’s rule代⼊法substitution method运算放⼤器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输⼊端noninverting input反向输⼊端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放⼤倍数open-loop gain闭环放⼤倍数closed-loop gain⼊端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性⼯作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放⼤noninverting amplifier反向放⼤inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator⾃激振荡self-sustained oscillation Chapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition principle输⼊/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution principle戴维南定理Thevenin’s Theorem诺顿定理Norton’s Theorem⼆端⽹络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit⾮线性电路nonlinear circuit⾮线性元件nonlinear element压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor流控电阻current-controlled resistor静态电阻static resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance⼩信号分析small-signal analysis⼩信号模型small-signal modal分段线性化法piece-wise linear mthod数值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit⼀阶电路first-order circuit⼀阶微分⽅程first-order differential equation 过渡过程transient process线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit 单位阶跃函数unit step function 单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件initial condition起始值initial value零输⼊响应zero-input response零状态响应zero-state response稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transient response时间常数time constant指数函数exponential function阶跃响应step response冲激响应impulse response⾃由响应natural response强迫响应forced response全响应complete response稳态值final value卷积积分convolution integration时域延迟time delay换路switching跳变现象jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间pulse duration脉冲重复周期repeating period of pulseChapter 7 Second-order Circuit⼆阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分⽅程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分⽅程constant coefficients equation特征⽅程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution⾃然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振⾓频率resonant frequency / undamped natural frequency 过阻尼情况overdamped case ⽋阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有振荡⾓频率damping frequency / damped natural frequency 衰减振荡damped oscillation ⽆损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis 幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference⾓频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相⾓initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最⼤值maximum有效值effective valueroot-mean-square valueu 领先i φu leads i by φu 落后i φu lags i by φ同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部imaginary part直⾓坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor电压三⾓形voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三⾓形power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power⽆功功率reactive power最⼤功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits 耦合couple互感mutual inductance⾃感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁⼼线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空⼼变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引⼊阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合变压器unity-coupled transformer 变⽐turns ratio / transformation ratio⾃耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer 右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule 同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity 漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristic Chapter 11 Frequency Response复频率complex frequency⽹络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截⽌频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth⽆源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter⾼通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filter Chapter 12 Three-phase Circuits 对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources 对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性⾮正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三⾓形式的付⾥叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付⾥叶级数exponential Fourier series付⾥叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave⾼次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯⽡尔定理Parseval’s theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付⾥叶变换Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original function象函数transform function积分变换integral transformation频域frequency domain幅度谱amplitude spectrum相位谱phase spectrum矩形脉冲rectangular pulse线性性质linearity时域微分time differentiation时域积分time integration时域平移time shift频域平移frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairs Chapter 15 Two-port Networks端⼝port⼆端⼝⽹络two-port network四端⽹络four-terminal network / quadripole Z参数impedance parametersY参数admittance parametersH参数Hybrid parametersT参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point(⼆端⼝)级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constantChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory 图graph拓扑图topological graph⼦图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树⽀tree branch连⽀link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增⼴矩阵augmented matrix基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩阵fundamental cut set matrix单位阵unit matrix转置阵transposed matrix正定矩阵positive definite matrix⾮奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix⽅阵square matrix零矩阵zero matrix⾏列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach 状态变量state variable状态⽅程state equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristic vector特征⽅程characteristic equation相似矩阵similar matrixChapter 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits ⾮线性时变电路nonlinear time-varying circuit⾃治电路⾮⾃治电路前向欧拉法forward Eular’s method后向欧拉法backward Eular’s method相平⾯状态平⾯state planar相轨线中⼼点焦点节点平衡点稳定性stability渐近稳定asymptotic stabilityChapter 19 Distributed Circuits分布参数电路distributed circuit传输线transmission line均匀传输线uniform transmission line 反射reflection透射transmission波长wave length波速wave speed⾏波traveling wave驻波standing wave正向⾏波direct wave反向⾏波returning wave波阻抗wave impedance波前wave front传播常数propagation constant Appendix Magnetic Circuit磁路magnetic circuit铁磁物质ferromagnetic substance磁导率magnetic permeability磁感应强度magnetic induction磁通magnetic flux磁链magnetic linkage磁通势magnetomotive force磁通密度magnetic flux density磁通连续性定理principle of continuity of magnetic flux 磁场强度magnetic flux intensity 磁阻reluctance磁导permeance安培环路定理principle of Ampere loop circuit磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞hysteresis涡流eddy current涡流损失eddy current loss集肤效应skin effect漏磁通leakage flux磁饱和magnetic saturation电磁感应定律law of electromagnetic induction励磁电流exciting current《电⼯学上》中英名词对照表⼀阶电路first-order circuitV形曲线V curve三相电路three-phase circuit三相功率three-phase power三相三线制three-phase three-wire system三相四线制three-phase four-wire system三相变压器three-phase transformer三⾓形联接trianular connection三⾓波triangular wave三相异步电动机three-phase induction motor ⽀路branch⽀路电流法branch current method中性点neutral point中性线neutral conductor中央处理器centre processing unit（CPU）互感mutual inductance 介电常数permittivity of the dielectric⽡特Watt功率表powermeter⽆功功率reactive power韦伯Weber反电动势counter emf反相opposite in phase反馈控制feedback control⽅框图block diagram开路open circuit开关switch⽔轮发电机water-wheel generator功work功率power功率因数power factor功率三⾓形power triangle功率⾓power angle电能electric energy 电荷electric charge电场electric field电场强度electric field intensity电位electric potential电位差electric potential difference 电位升potential rise 电位降potential drop电位计potentiometer电压voltage电压三⾓形voltage triangle电动势electromotive force（emf）电源source电压源voltage source电流源current source电路circuit电路分析circuit analysis电路元件circuit element电路模型circuit model电流current电流密度current density电流互感器current transformer电阻resistance电阻器resistor电阻性电路resistive circuit电阻率resistivity电导conductance电导率conductivity电容capacitance电容器capacitor电容性电路capacitive circuit电感inductance电感器inductor电感性电路inductive circuit电桥bridge电机electric machine电磁转矩electromagnetic torque电⾓度electrical degree电枢armature电枢反应armature reaction电⼯测量electrical measurement电磁式仪表electromagnetic instrument电动式仪表electrodynamic instrument平均值average value平均功率average power正极positive pole正⽅向positive direction正弦量sinusoid正弦电流sinusoidal current结点node结点电压法node voltage method对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit 主磁通main flux外特性external characteristic发送机transmitter他励发电机separately excited generator可编程控制器programmable controller（PLC）安培Ampere电流表currenter安匝ampere-turns伏特V olt电压表valeage伏安特性曲线volt-ampere characteristic有效值effective value有功功率active power交流电路alternating current circuit (a-ccircuit) 交流电机alternating-current machine ⾃感self-inductance⾃感电动势self-induced emf⾃耦变压器autotransformer⾃励发电机self-excited generator⾃整⾓机selsyns ⾃动控制automatic control⾃动调节automatic regulation⾃锁self-locking负极negative pole负载load负载线load line负反馈negative feedback动态电阻dynamic resistance并联parallel connection并联谐振parallel resonance并励发电机shunt d-c generator并励电动机shunt d-c motor并励绕组shunt field vending同步发电机synchronous generator同步电动机synchronous motor同步转速synchronous speed同相in phase机械特性torque-speed characteristic过励overexcitation执⾏元件servo-unit传递函数transfer function传感器transducer闭环控制closed loop control回路loop⽹络network导体conductor导纳admittance阶跃电压step voltage全电流定律law of total current全响应complete response麦克斯韦Maxwell基尔霍失电流定律Kirchhof f’s current law （KCL）基尔霍失电压定律Kirchhof’s voltage law（KVL）库仑Coulomb 亨利Henry⾓频率angular frequency串联series connection串联谐振series resonance串励绕组series field winding阻抗impedance阻抗三⾓形impedance triangle阻转矩counter torque初相位initial phase时间常数time constant时域分析time domain analysis时间继电器time-delay relay励磁电流exciting current励磁机exciter励磁绕组field winding励磁电流exciting current励磁变阻器field rheostat两相异步电动机two-phase induction motor 两功率表法two-powermeter method 伺服电动机servomotor步进电动机stepping motor步距⾓stepangle汽轮发电机turboalternator直流电路direct current circuit (d-c cir-cuit) 直流电机direct-current machine法拉Farad空载no-load空载特性open-circuit characteristic空⽓隙air gap⾮线性电阻nonlinear resistance⾮正弦周期电流nonsinusoidal periodic受控电源controlled source变压器transformer变⽐ration of transformation变阻器rheostat线电压line voltage线电流line current线圈coil线性电阻linear resistance 周期period参考电位reference potential参数parameter视在功率apparent power定⼦stator转⼦rotor转⼦电流rotor current转差率slip转速speed转矩torque组合开关switchgroup制动braking单相异步电动机single-phase induction motor 相phase 相电压phase voltage相电流phase current相位差phase difference相位⾓phase angle相序phase sequence相量phasor相量图phasor diagram响应response星形联接star connection复数complex number阻抗impedance导纳admittance复励发电机compound d-c generator欧姆Ohm欧姆定律Ohm's law等效电路equivalent circuit品质因数quality factor绝缘insulation绝缘体insulator显极转⼦salient poles rotor测速发电机tachometer generator绕组winding绕线式转⼦wound rotor起动starting起动电流starting current起动转矩starting torque起动按钮start button容抗capacitive reactance容纳capacitive susceptance诺顿定理Norton's theorem⾼斯Gauss原动机prime mover原绕组primary winding铁⼼core铁损core loss矩形波rectangular wave特征⽅程characteristic equation积分电路integrating circuit效率efficiency振荡放电oscill tory discharge继电器relay热继电器thermal overload relay（OLR）换向器commutator调节特性regulating characteristic调速speed regulation继电接触器控制relay-contactor control 副绕组secondary winding 铜损copper loss基波fundamental harmonic谐波harmonic谐振频率resonant frequency通频带bandwidth理想电压源ideal voltage source理想电流源ideal current source减幅振荡attenuated oscillation常开触点normally open contact常闭触点normally closed contact停⽌stopping停⽌按钮stop button接收机receiver 接触器contactor控制电动机control motor控制电路control circuit旋转磁场rotating magnetic field隐极转⼦nonsalient poles rotor涡流eddy current涡流损耗eddy-current loss焦⽿Joule奥斯特Oersted短路short circuit锯齿波sawtooth wave幅值amplitude最⼤值maximum value最⼤转矩maximum（breakdown）torque 滞后lag 超前lead傅⾥叶级数Fourier series暂态transient state暂态分量transient component等幅振荡unattenuated oscillation联锁interlocking感抗inductive reactance感纳inductive susceptance感应电动势induced emf楞次定则Lenz's law频率frequency频域分析frequency domain analysis频谱spectrum输⼊input输出output微法microfarad微分电路differentiating circuit叠加原理superposition theorem零状态响应zero-state response零输⼊响应zero-input response罩极式电动机shaded-pole motor滑环slip ring⿏笼式转⼦squirrel-cage rotor截⽌⾓频率cutoff angular frequency 滤波器filters磁场magnetic field磁场强度magnetizing farce磁路magnetic circuit磁通flux磁感应强度flux density磁通势magnetomotive force（mmf）磁阻reluctance磁导率permeability磁化magnetization磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞hysteresis磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞损耗hysteresis loss磁极pol磁电式仪表magnetoelectric instrument 漏磁通leakage flux 漏磁电感leakage inductance漏磁电动势leakage emf赫兹Hertz稳态steady state稳态分量steady state component静态电阻static resistance碳刷carbon brush额定值rated value额定rated voltage额定功率rated power额定转矩tated torque瞬时值instantaneous value戴维宁定理Thevenin's theorem激励excitation满载full load槽fuse熔断器fuse《电⼯学下》中英名词对照表⼆画PN结PN junctionP型半导体P-type semiconductorJK触发器JK flip-flopD触发器 D flip-flop⼆极管diode⼆进制binary system⼆进制计数器binary counter⼗进制decimal system⼗进制计数器decimal counter⼆—⼗进制binary coded decimal system（BCD）三画RC选频⽹络RC selection frequency networkRS触发器RS flip-flopN型半导体N-type semiconductorN沟道N-channel门电路gate circuit三态逻辑门tri-state logic gate三相整流器three-phase rectifier⼯作点operating point⼲扰interference上升沿rise edge下降沿fall edge四画⽅框图block diagram双稳态触发器bistable flip-flop⽆稳态触发器astable flip-flop⽆输出变压器功率放⼤器output transformerless（OTL）power amplifier ⽆输出电容器功率放⼤器output capacitorless（OCL）power amplifier反向电阻backward resistance反向偏置backward bias反向击穿reverse breakdown反相器inverter反馈feedback反馈系数feedback coefficient互补对称功率放⼤器complementary symmetry power amplifier少数载流⼦minority carrier 分⽴电路discrete circuit分贝decibel（DB）分频frequency division分辨率resolution开启电压threshold voltage开关型直流电源switching mode direct power supply计数器counter与门AND gate与⾮门NAND gate与或⾮门and-or-invert（AOI）gate卡诺图Karnaugh map五画电感滤波器inductance filter电容滤波器capacitor filter电流放⼤系数current amplification coefficient电压放⼤器voltage amplifier电压放⼤倍数voltage gain电压⽐较器voltage comparator主从型触发器master-slave flip-flop失真distortion只读存储器read only memory（ROM）可编程逻辑器件programmable logic device（PLD）可关断晶闸管gate turn-off thyristor （GTO）功率放⼤器power amplifier功率晶体管giant transistor（GTR）正向电阻forward resistance正向偏置forward bias正反馈positive feedback正弦波振荡器sinusoidal oscillator正逻辑positive logic击穿breakdown占空⽐duty ratio加法器adder发射极emitter发光⼆极管light- emitting diode（LED）布尔代数Boolean algebra半波可控整流half -wave controlled rectifier半波整流器half -wave rectifier半加器half-adder半导体semiconductor本征半导体intrinsic semiconductor失调电压offset voltage失调电流offset current平均延迟时间average delay time六画共模信号common-mode signal共模输⼊common-mode input共模抑制⽐common-mode rejection ratio （CMRR）共发射极接法common-emitter configuration共价键covalent bond动态dynamics杂质impurity伏安特性volt-ampere characteristics扩散diffusion全波整流器biphase（full –wave）rectifier 全波可控整流biphase controlled rectifier 全加器full adder 全局布线区global routing pool（GRP）负反馈negative feedback负载电阻load resistance负载线load line负电阻negative resistance负逻辑negative logic夹断电压pinch-off voltage多级放⼤器multistage amplifier多数载流⼦majority carrier多谐振荡器astable multivibrator⾃由电⼦free electron⾃激振荡器self-excited oscillator⾃偏压self-bias导通on导电沟道conductive在系统可编程in system programmable （ISP）异或门exclusive-OR gate异步⼆进制计数器asynchronous binary counter同步⼆进制计数器synchronous binary counter同或门exclusive-NOR gate发光⼆极管light- emitting diode（LED）场效晶体管field-effect transistor（FET）光敏电阻photo-sensitive resistor 光电⼆极管photodiode光电晶体管phototransistor 光电藕合器photocoupler传输门transmission gate（TG）传输特性transfer characteristics七画运算放⼤器operational amplifier低频放⼤器low-frequency amplifier时钟脉冲clock pulse时序逻辑电路sequential logic circuit⾕点valley point译码器decipherer阻容—耦合放⼤器resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier阻断interception阻挡层barrier采样保持sample and hold串联型稳压电源series voltage rgulator⼋画空⽳hole空间电荷区space-charge layer固定偏置fixed-bias直接耦合放⼤器direct- coupled amplifier 单稳态触发器monostable flip-flop单结晶体管unijuction transistor（UJT）⾦属—氧化物—半导体metal-oxide-semiconductor（MOS）⾮门NOT gate⾮线性失真nonlinear diatortion或门OR gate或⾮门NOR gate饱和saturation转移特性transfer characteristic定时器timer参数parameter参考电压reference voltage组合逻辑电路combinational logic circuit九画穿透电流penetration current复合recombination复合晶体管Darlington复位reset差放放⼤器differential amplifier差模信号differential-mode signal差模输⼈differential-mode input绝缘栅双极型晶体管insulated gate bipolar transistor（IGBT）绝缘栅场效晶体管isolated-gatefield-effect transistor（IGFET）栅极gate，grid恒流源constant current source通⽤逻辑块generic logic block（GLB）通⽤阵列逻辑generic array logic（GAL）脉冲pulse 脉冲宽度pulse width脉冲幅度pulse amplitude脉冲周期pulse period脉冲前沿pulse leading edge脉冲后沿pulse trailing edge⼗画桥式整流器bridge rectifier旁路电容bypass capacitor射极输出器emitter follower振荡器oscillator振荡频率oscillation frequency耗尽层depletion layer耗尽型MOS场效晶体管depletion mode MOSFET载流⼦carrier硅silicon硅稳压⼆极管Zener diode峰点peak point热敏电阻thermistor⼗⼀画逻辑门1ogic gates逻辑电路1ogic circuit基极base控制极control grid偏流current bias偏置电路biasing circuit接地ground，grounding；earth，earthing 虚地imaginary ground 维持电流holding current基本RS触发器basic RS flip-flop随机存取存储器random access memory （RAM）寄存器register移位寄存器shift register清零clear掺杂半导体doped semiconductor⼗⼆画晶体crstal晶体管transistor晶体管—晶体管逻辑电路transistor- transistor logic （TTL）circuit 编码coding晶闸管thyristor集成电路integrated circuit（IC）集电极collector幅频特性amplitude frequency-response characteristic编码器encoder最⼩项miniterm⼗三画源极sourse滤波器filter数字电路digital circuit数字集成电路digital integrated circuit数码显⽰digital display数—模转换器digital-analog converter （DAC）数据选择器multiplexer数据分配器demultiplexer锗germanium输⼊输出单元input output cell（IOC）输⼊电阻input resistance 输出电阻output resistance输出布线区output routing pool（ORP）输出逻辑宏单元output logic macro cell （OLMC）零点漂移zero drift跨导transconductance触发器flip-flop⼗四画截⽌cut-off漂移drift静态statics静态⼯作点quiescent point漏极drain模—数转换器analog - digital converter （ADC）模拟电路analog circuit稳压⼆极管Zener diode⼗五画整流电路rectifier circuit增强型MOS场效晶体管enhancement mode MOSFET。
工程项目管理英文书籍(3篇)
第1篇Introduction:Project management is a critical skill for engineers, as it enables them to successfully lead and deliver projects on time, within budget, and with high-quality outcomes. This book aims to provide a comprehensive guide to project management for engineers, covering essential concepts, methodologies, and tools. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced project manager, this book will help you enhance your skills and knowledge to excel in your projects.Chapter 1: Understanding Project Management1.1 Definition and Importance of Project Management1.2 Key Components of a Project1.3 Project Lifecycle and Phases1.4 Roles and Responsibilities in Project ManagementChapter 2: Project Planning2.1 Project Initiation2.2 Scope Definition2.3 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)2.4 Schedule Development2.5 Resource Allocation2.6 Budget Estimation2.7 Risk ManagementChapter 3: Project Execution3.1 Team Management3.2 Communication and Collaboration3.3 Change Management3.4 Quality Management3.5 Progress Monitoring and ControlChapter 4: Project Monitoring and Control4.1 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)4.2 Earned Value Management (EVM)4.3 Variance Analysis4.4 Corrective Actions4.5 Lessons LearnedChapter 5: Project Closure5.1 Completion of Deliverables5.2 Finalization of Contracts5.3 Project Handover5.4 Evaluation of the ProjectChapter 6: Agile Project Management6.1 Agile Methodologies6.2 Scrum and Kanban6.3 Iterative and Incremental Development6.4 Agile Tools and TechniquesChapter 7: Project Management Tools and Techniques 7.1 Gantt Charts7.2 Critical Path Method (CPM)7.3 PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique)7.4 Risk Management Tools7.5 Quality Management ToolsChapter 8: Soft Skills in Project Management8.1 Leadership and Communication8.2 Team Building and Conflict Resolution8.3 Time Management8.4 Problem-Solving and Decision-MakingChapter 9: Case Studies and Best Practices9.1 Real-World Project Management Examples9.2 Best Practices in Project Management9.3 Lessons Learned from Successful ProjectsChapter 10: Continuous Improvement and Professional Development10.1 Continuous Improvement Techniques10.2 Continuous Learning and Professional Development10.3 Certifications and AccreditationsConclusion:Effective project management is essential for engineers to ensure successful project delivery. This book provides a comprehensive guide to project management, covering key concepts, methodologies, and tools. By following the principles and practices outlined in this book, engineers can enhance their project management skills and contribute to the success of their projects. Remember, project management is a continuous learning process, and staying updated with the latest trends and techniques will help you excel in your career.Note: This outline provides a structure for a comprehensive book on engineering project management. Each chapter can be expanded into adetailed section, containing relevant examples, case studies, and practical exercises. The book can also include additional chapters on specific topics such as stakeholder management, sustainability inproject management, and international project management.第2篇IntroductionEngineering projects are complex endeavors that require meticulous planning, execution, and control. Effective project management iscrucial to the success of any engineering project, ensuring that it is completed on time, within budget, and meets the required specifications. This book serves as a comprehensive guide to engineering project management, providing readers with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate the challenges of managing engineering projects successfully.Chapter 1: The Basics of Engineering Project ManagementThis chapter introduces the fundamental concepts of engineering project management. It defines what a project is, the importance of project management, and the key components of a project. Readers will learn about the project life cycle, the roles and responsibilities of project managers, and the importance of stakeholder management.1.1 What is a Project?A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. It has a defined beginning and end, and is typically characterized by specific objectives, constraints, and resources.1.2 The Importance of Project ManagementEffective project management ensures that projects are completed successfully. It helps in:- Reducing risks and uncertainties- Optimizing resource allocation- Enhancing communication and collaboration- Improving project performance- Ensuring customer satisfaction1.3 Key Components of a ProjectA project consists of several key components, including:- Objectives: The desired outcome of the project- Scope: The work that needs to be done to achieve the objectives- Resources: The people, equipment, and materials required to complete the project- Schedule: The timeline for completing the project activities- Budget: The financial resources allocated to the projectChapter 2: The Project Life CycleThe project life cycle is a framework that outlines the stages through which a project progresses. This chapter discusses the five stages of the project life cycle: initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing.2.1 InitiationThe initiation stage involves identifying and defining the project. This includes:- Conducting feasibility studies- Identifying stakeholders- Establishing project objectives- Developing a project charter2.2 PlanningThe planning stage involves developing a detailed project plan. This includes:- Defining project scope- Identifying project activities- Sequencing activities- Estimating resources and durations- Developing a project schedule- Identifying risks and developing mitigation strategies2.3 ExecutionThe execution stage involves carrying out the project plan. This includes:- Assigning resources- Managing stakeholders- Controlling project activities- Implementing risk mitigation strategies2.4 Monitoring and ControllingThe monitoring and controlling stage involves tracking the project's progress and making adjustments as necessary. This includes:- Collecting project performance data- Comparing actual performance against the plan- Taking corrective actions- Managing changes to the project scope2.5 ClosingThe closing stage involves completing the project and transitioning the deliverables to the customer or owner. This includes:- Conducting a project review- Documenting lessons learned- Closing contracts and agreements- Celebrating the project's successChapter 3: Project Management Tools and TechniquesThis chapter discusses the various tools and techniques used in engineering project management. These tools and techniques help in planning, executing, and controlling projects effectively.3.1 Project Management SoftwareProject management software is a valuable tool that helps in managing projects efficiently. Some popular project management software tools include:- Microsoft Project- Primavera P6- Asana- Trello3.2 Agile Project ManagementAgile project management is an iterative and incremental approach to managing projects. It focuses on flexibility, adaptability, and collaboration. Agile techniques include:- Scrum- Kanban- Lean3.3 Risk Management TechniquesRisk management is a critical aspect of project management. This chapter discusses various risk management techniques, such as:- Risk identification- Risk analysis- Risk mitigation- Risk monitoringChapter 4: Stakeholder ManagementEffective stakeholder management is essential for the success of any project. This chapter discusses the importance of stakeholder management and provides strategies for engaging and communicating with stakeholders.4.1 Identifying StakeholdersIdentifying stakeholders is the first step in stakeholder management. Stakeholders can be internal (e.g., team members, project managers) or external (e.g., customers, vendors, regulatory agencies).4.2 Engaging StakeholdersEngaging stakeholders involves understanding their needs, concerns, and expectations. This can be achieved through:- Regular communication- Stakeholder meetings- Surveys and feedback4.3 Managing Stakeholder ExpectationsManaging stakeholder expectations is crucial for maintaining project momentum. This involves:- Setting realistic goals- Communicating effectively- Being transparent about project progressChapter 5: Leadership and Team ManagementLeadership and team management are critical skills for project managers. This chapter discusses the importance of leadership and provides strategies for building and managing effective project teams.5.1 Leadership SkillsLeadership skills include:- Communication- Decision-making- Conflict resolution- Motivation5.2 Team ManagementTeam management involves:- Assigning roles and responsibilities- Fostering collaboration- Encouraging continuous improvement- Addressing team conflictsConclusionEffective project management is essential for the success of engineering projects. This book has provided a comprehensive guide to engineering project management, covering the basics, the project life cycle, tools and techniques, stakeholder management, and leadership and team management. By applying the knowledge and skills gained from this book, readers will be well-equipped to manage engineering projects successfully and deliver high-quality results.AppendicesThe appendices of this book provide additional resources and references for further reading. These include:- Glossary of project management terms- Templates for project management documents- Case studies of successful engineering projects- Links to online resources and training programsReferences[References to relevant books, articles, and websites on engineering project management]---This outline provides a framework for a comprehensive guide to engineering project management. The actual book would need to be expanded with detailed content, examples, and case studies to meet the 2500-word requirement.第3篇Introduction:Project management is a critical skill required in the field of engineering. Whether you are a project manager, team leader, or simply an engineer, understanding the principles and techniques of effective project management can greatly enhance your ability to deliver successful projects. This book aims to provide a comprehensive guide to engineering project management, covering essential concepts, methodologies, and tools that will help you navigate the complexities of managing engineering projects.Chapter 1: Introduction to Project Management1.1 Definition and Importance of Project Management1.2 Project Management Processes1.3 Project Management Knowledge Areas1.4 Project Management FrameworksChapter 2: Project Planning2.1 Project Initiation2.2 Project Scope Definition2.3 Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)2.4 Project Schedule2.5 Resource Planning2.6 Risk Management Plan2.7 Quality Management Plan2.8 Communication Management Plan2.9 Procurement Management PlanChapter 3: Project Execution3.1 Project Team Management3.2 Project Monitoring and Control3.3 Change Management3.4 Conflict Resolution3.5 Project Documentation3.6 Stakeholder Engagement3.7 Project Status ReportingChapter 4: Project Monitoring and Control 4.1 Monitoring Project Progress4.2 Performance Measurement4.3 Variance Analysis4.4 Corrective Actions4.5 Project CloseoutChapter 5: Quality Management5.1 Quality Planning5.2 Quality Assurance5.3 Quality Control5.4 Continuous ImprovementChapter 6: Risk Management6.1 Risk Identification6.2 Risk Analysis6.3 Risk Response Planning6.4 Risk Monitoring and ControllingChapter 7: Communication Management7.1 Communication Planning7.2 Communication Channels7.3 Communication Techniques7.4 Conflict ManagementChapter 8: Project Procurement Management8.1 Procurement Planning8.2 Solicitation Process8.3 Contract Management8.4 Contract TerminationChapter 9: Project Leadership and Team Management 9.1 Leadership Styles9.2 Team Building9.3 Conflict Resolution9.4 Motivation and IncentivesChapter 10: Project Management Tools and Techniques10.1 Project Management Software10.2 Critical Path Method (CPM)10.3 Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)10.4 Agile Project Management10.5 Six SigmaChapter 11: Case Studies and Best Practices11.1 Case Study 1: Construction Project11.2 Case Study 2: Software Development Project11.3 Best Practices in Engineering Project ManagementConclusion:Effective project management is essential in the field of engineering to ensure successful project delivery. This book provides a comprehensive guide to engineering project management, covering essential concepts, methodologies, and tools. By following the principles and techniques outlined in this book, you will be better equipped to manage engineering projects efficiently and effectively, delivering high-quality outcomes within the constraints of time, budget, and resources.Note: This outline is a brief summary of the content that can be expanded into a full-length book. Each chapter can be further elaborated upon, providing detailed explanations, real-world examples, andpractical guidance for engineering project management.。
有关采矿工程专业英语词汇册
采矿工程专业英语词汇手册（ Glossary of Special English in Mining Engineering）采矿工程专业内部讲义二零零七年三月ContentChapter3 .1 Miningmethod⋯⋯⋯⋯.. ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯. ⋯⋯⋯.. ⋯⋯2Chapter Mine preplanning⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. ⋯⋯3Mine development⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯. ⋯4Chapter Wall mining introduction⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯5Chapter Groundcontrol aspects ⋯.. ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯6Chapter Roof support system⋯. ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. ⋯7Chapter Longwall coal-getting machine⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯8Chapter Convey system⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯..8Chapter Mine Vetilation ⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. ⋯⋯⋯ (10)Chapter5Pillaring system..........⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯. (11)Chapter6Roadway excavation and support⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.... ⋯ (12)Chapter7Novel methods of mining⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.. ⋯⋯ (16)Chapter 3 .1 Mining methodmining method采方法；mining operation采作；transportation运；ventilation通；ground control板管理；the cost of per ton of coal 吨煤成本；recovery 回采率；subside v.subsidence n.地表沉陷；subsidence control地表沉陷控制cover覆盖；overburden上覆地；immediate roof直接；floor底板；dip（Pitch）角；hardness硬度；strength度；cleavage解理；gas ， methane 瓦斯daily operation平时工作single operation一工序unit operation元作auxiliary operation助作cutting n.切割，掏槽；blasting n.爆破loading n.装煤haul v. 运，搬运drainage n.排水power n.力 power Supply力供communication n.通lighting n.照明。
人工授精培训手册中英文
人工授精培训手册中英文Artificial Insemination Training Manual 人工授精培训手册 (中英文) Introduction 简介Artificial insemination (AI) is a technique used in animal husbandry to facilitate the breeding process. It involves the introduction of sperm into the reproductive tract of a female animal using methods other than sexual intercourse. This training manual aims to provide a comprehensive guide for individuals interested in acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills to perform artificial insemination.Chapter 1: Understanding Artificial Insemination 理解人工授精1.1 Definition and History 定义与历史Artificial insemination is the deliberate introduction of sperm into the reproductive system of a female animal using technical means. Its history can be traced back thousands of years, with evidence of AI practices found in ancient civilizations such as Egypt and China.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages 优缺点AI offers various advantages, including increased genetic diversity, disease control, and improved breeding efficiency. However, it also presents challenges such as the need for proper training, equipment maintenance, and the potential for reduced fertility rates.Chapter 2: Preparing for Artificial Insemination 人工授精准备2.1 Selection of Donors and Recipients 育种和承载体的选择Choosing suitable donors and recipients is crucial for the success of AI. Factors such as genetic traits, overall health, and fertility history should be considered in the selection process.2.2 Handling and Preservation of Semen 精液的处理和保存Proper handling and preservation techniques are essential to maintain the quality and viability of semen. This chapter provides guidance on collection, evaluation, dilution, and freezing processes.Chapter 3: Techniques of Artificial Insemination 人工授精技术3.1 Intravaginal Insemination 阴道内人工授精This section explains the intravaginal insemination technique, which involves depositing the semen into the vagina of the female animal. It covers the necessary steps, equipment, and precautions to ensure a successful insemination process.3.2 Intrauterine Insemination 子宫内人工授精Intrauterine insemination is a more advanced technique that requires the direct introduction of sperm into the uterine cavity. This technique is discussed in detail, including the instruments, position, and timing for optimal results.Chapter 4: Post-Insemination Procedures 人工授精后处理4.1 Monitoring and Pregnancy Diagnosis 监测和妊娠诊断After insemination, continuous monitoring and pregnancy diagnosis play a crucial role in assessing the success of the procedure. This chapter explains various methods of monitoring hormonal changes and performing pregnancy tests.4.2 Managing Failed or Unsuccessful Inseminations 管理失败或不成功的人工授精Sometimes, artificial insemination procedures may not yield the desired results. This section discusses the reasons for failed inseminations and explores possible solutions to improve success rates.Chapter 5: Troubleshooting and Maintenance 故障排除和维护Troubleshooting and maintenance are essential aspects of AI to ensure consistent results. This chapter provides guidance on identifying and resolving common issues that may arise during the artificial insemination process.Conclusion 结论Artificial insemination is a valuable reproductive technique that offers numerous benefits in animal breeding programs. This training manual has aimed to provide a comprehensive resource for individuals seeking to learn and master the techniques involved in artificial insemination. By following the guidelines and taking into consideration the potential challenges, practitioners can enhance breeding efficiency and genetic diversity in animal populations.致谢We would like to express our gratitude to all the experts and professionals who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the development of this training manual. Their valuable insights and guidance have been vital in creating a reliable resource for artificial insemination training.附录Appendix 1: Glossary of Terms 术语解释Appendix 2: Recommended Reading List 推荐阅读列表Appendix 3: Training Institutions 培训机构References 参考文献。
放射物理单词
vacancy：空的
favored：可能是拼错了
Auger：同锇歇电子
Fraction：部分
Isomer：同质异能素（质子数和中子数都同，核能态不同）
Enunciate：清晰讲述/解释等
Penetrate：穿过
Instructive：指导的
nitrogen 氮
Chapter 4 (2)
1. dosimetry 放射剂量学
2. tissue-air 组织
3. backscatter逆散射
4. depict 描述 描写
5. irradiate 辐射 照射
6. calibration 教标
7. dosimeter 放射剂量计
perturb 扰动 摄动
homogeneous 同类的, 相似的
photon 光子
negligible 可忽略的
perturbation 扰动 摄动
finite 有限的
geometry 几何
composite 组成
equivalent 等效
affix 词缀 使附于
bracket 括号
Cumulate：应该是 accumulate 积累
Hypothetical：假设
Exponentially：指数地
rectangle ：长方形
dosage：剂量值
proportional： 正比的
vertical：垂直的
horizontal：水平的
intersection：交叉的
collision 碰撞
bremsstrahlung 轫致（辐射）
电路英文词汇
电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits” Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of ElectricalCircuits电路electrical circuit电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage电位potential电位差potential difference电动势electromotive force功率power能量energy电阻resistor / resistance电导conductor / conductance电感inductor / inductance电容capacitor / capacitance欧姆定律Ohm’s Law广义欧姆定律generalized Ohm’s Law 参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极negative polarity理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS) 压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS) 流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS) 流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS) 节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’s Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’s V oltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed boundary 集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistorcircuits串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resistanceY-Δ变换 Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix行row列column参考节点reference node平面电路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则 Cramer’s rule代入法substitution method运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端 noninverting input反向输入端 inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model 开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区 linear region正向饱和区 positive saturation反向饱和区 negative saturation同向放大noninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition principle输入/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution principle戴维南定理 Thevenin’s Theorem诺顿定理Norton’s Theorem二端网络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理 Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem 互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非线性电路 nonlinear circuit非线性元件 nonlinear element压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor流控电阻current-controlled resistor静态电阻static resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance小信号分析 small-signal analysis小信号模型 small-signal modal分段线性化法piece-wise linear mthod 数值解法numerical analysis Chapter 6 First-order Circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方程first-order differential equation 过渡过程transient process线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit单位阶跃函数unit step function单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件initial condition起始值initial value零输入响应 zero-input response零状态响应 zero-state response稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transient response时间常数time constant指数函数exponential function阶跃响应step response冲激响应impulse response自由响应natural response强迫响应forced response全响应complete response稳态值final value卷积积分convolution integration时域延迟time delay换路switching跳变现象jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间pulse duration脉冲重复周期repeating period of pulseChapter 7 Second-order Circuit二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振角频率resonant frequency / undampednatural frequency过阻尼情况 overdamped case欠阻尼情况 underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有振荡角频率damping frequency / dampednatural frequency衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值 effectivevalueroot-mean-square valueu 领先 i φu leads i by φu 落后 i φu lags i by φ同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部imaginary part直角坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式 polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor电压三角形 voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive 正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形 power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功功率active power无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器 air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器 ideal transformer全耦合变压器unity-coupled transformer变比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer 右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity 漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器 passive filter有源滤波器 active filter低通滤波器 low-pass filter高通滤波器 high-pass filter带通滤波器 band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources 对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line current Chapter 13 Steady-State Response of PeriodicExcitation周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier series付里叶系数 Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理Parseval’s theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation andLaplace Transformation付里叶变换 Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original function象函数transform function积分变换integral transformation频域frequency domain幅度谱amplitude spectrum相位谱phase spectrum矩形脉冲rectangular pulse线性性质linearity时域微分time differentiation时域积分time integration时域平移time shift频域平移frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation 拉普拉斯变换对 Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口网络 two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripole Z参数impedance parametersY参数admittance parametersH参数Hybrid parametersT参数Transmission parameters策动点driving point(二端口)级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constantChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory 图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩阵fundamental cut set matrix单位阵unit matrix转置阵transposed matrix正定矩阵positive definite matrix非奇异矩阵 nonsingular matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix方阵square matrix零矩阵zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach状态变量state variable状态方程state equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristic vector特征方程characteristic equation 相似矩阵similar matrixChapter 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits非线性时变电路nonlinear time-varying circuit自治电路非自治电路前向欧拉法forward Eular’s method后向欧拉法backward Eular’s method相平面状态平面state planar相轨线中心点焦点节点鞍点平衡点稳定性stability渐近稳定asymptotic stabilityChapter 19 Distributed Circuits分布参数电路distributed circuit传输线transmission line均匀传输线uniform transmission line 反射 reflection透射 transmission波长 wavelength波速 wavespeed行波traveling wave驻波standing wave正向行波direct wave反向行波returning wave波阻抗wave impedance波前wave front传播常数propagation constantAppendix Magnetic Circuit磁路magnetic circuit铁磁物质ferromagnetic substance磁导率magnetic permeability磁感应强度 magnetic induction磁通magnetic flux磁链magnetic linkage磁通势magnetomotive force磁通密度magnetic flux density磁通连续性定理principle of continuity of magnetic flux 磁场强度magnetic flux intensity磁阻reluctance磁导permeance安培环路定理principle of Ampere loop circuit磁化曲线magnetization curve磁滞回线hysteresis loop磁滞hysteresis涡流eddy current涡流损失eddy current loss集肤效应skin effect漏磁通leakage flux磁饱和magnetic saturation电磁感应定律law of electromagnetic induction励磁电流exciting current。
英语运动小书
英语运动小书Title: "Let's Get Moving: Fun with Sports" Contents:1. Introduction- Importance of Sports and Physical Activity - Benefits of Engaging in Sports2. Chapter One: Soccer- Basic Rules of Soccer- Key Skills and Techniques- Famous Soccer Players- Fun Facts about Soccer3. Chapter Two: Basketball- Basic Rules of Basketball- Key Skills and Techniques- Famous Basketball Players- Fun Facts about Basketball4. Chapter Three: Swimming- Basic Rules of Swimming- Different Swimming Strokes- Water Safety Tips- Fun Facts about Swimming5. Chapter Four: Tennis- Basic Rules of Tennis- Key Skills and Techniques- Famous Tennis Players- Fun Facts about Tennis6. Chapter Five: Gymnastics- Different Types of Gymnastics- Basic Moves and Routines- Famous Gymnasts- Fun Facts about Gymnastics7. Chapter Six: Athletics- Different Track and Field Events- Training and Techniques- Famous Athletes- Fun Facts about Athletics8. Chapter Seven: Teamwork and Sportsmanship- Importance of Teamwork in Sports- Sportsmanship and Fair Play- Inspirational Stories of Teamwork and Sportsmanship 9. Conclusion- Review of Key Points- Encouragement to Stay Active and Explore More Sports 10. Glossary- Definitions of Key Terms Used in the BookThis "Let's Get Moving: Fun with Sports" book aims to introduce children to various sports, providing basic rules, key skills, famous athletes, and interesting facts about each sport. It also emphasizes the importance of teamwork, sportsmanship, and staying active.。
SITA电报常用简语
SITA电报常用简语SITA电报常用简语航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsAAbbreviated or abbreviation 縮減或縮寫語 ABBRAbout 約；關於 ABTAbove 上述；在.. 之上 ABVAccept or accepted 接受；承諾 ACPT or ACCAccessory 附屬品 ACCESSAccommodation 臨時住宿 ACCOMAccording 根據 ACD(G)Accordingly 依照；於是 ACDGLYAccount 帳戶 ACCTAccount of 原因 A/OAcknowledge or acknowledgement承認；通 ACK知收到如"ACK RCPT ( OF OUR TELEX)"Active or activate or acting or actual Active ACTor activate or activated or activation or actingor activity 主動的；活動中；使用中Actual 真實的；實際的 ACTActual Time of Arrival 實際到場時間 ATA (ICAO)Actual Time of Departure 實際離場時間 ATD (ICAO)Addition 增加 ADD or ADDN or ADDTNAddition/Deletion List -passenger name ADLlist (PNL)message 旅客名單增減文電Addition or additional 附加或附加的; ADDN (ICAO) 另外的 (reservations code)Additional collection (reservations and ticket ADC codes) 附加收費Additional seat for CBBG/EXST 購買另外 ADST機位放置行李或一人使用兩座位Address 地址 ADS or ADRS or ADRAddressed 寫姓名地址 ADRSDAddressee 收信人 ADRSEEAd hoc (Latin) - for a particular occasion or ad hoc purpose 特殊狀況或目的Ad-hoc Clearance Request 特殊狀況許可要求 ACRAd-hoc group臨時任務編組 AHGAd initium (Latin) - at the beginning 首先 ad initAd interim (Latin) - in the meantime or for ad intthe time being 同時Adjacent鄰接的 ADJ (ICAO)Adjustment 調整 ADJAdministration or administrative 管理；行政 ADM Adult 法定成年人 ADTAdvance passenger information 旅客預報 APIAdvanced purchase excursion (fare) APEX優惠旅遊預購票Advertisement 廣告 ADAdvice of Schedule Change (reservations ASCcode) 時刻變動告知Advisable合理的 ADVSBLAdvise 告知 ADZ (ICAO)Advise or advised or advising or advisor 告知 ADVAdvise acceptance (reservations code) ADAC告知是否接受Advise arrival (reservations code) 告知到達班機 ADARAdvise if not OK (correct) (reservations code) ADNO不同意請回電Advise instructions 告知指示 ADIN1航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsAdvise name(s) (reservations code)告知旅客姓名Advise on arrival 到達時請告知Aeronautical Fixed TelecommunicationNetwork 航空固定通訊網Affix 附件；附加After...(time or place) (時間或地點)...以後Again 再Against 面對；反對Agency代理處Agency discount or agent's discount代理商人員折扣優待Agent (A reservations clerk authorized tooperate an agent's set in a reservationssystem.) 航空公司線上作業人員Agent Assembly Area (The AAA is a work area in theCentral ProcessingUnit (CPU) which is assigned to each agent's set. It is used by the CPU to store and display data on which an agent is working.) 訂位電腦作業區域Agree or agreed 同意Agreement 協定Air cargo 航空貨物Air conditioning 空調Air Force 空軍Air parcel 航空包裹Air Passenger Tariff (Miscellaneous International Aviation Publications) 航空客運票價准則ADVNADOAAFTN (ICAO)AFAFT (ICAO)AGN (ICAO)AGNSTAGCYADAGTAAAAGRAGRMTAIRCGOAIRCOAFAIRPCLAPTAir Traffic Control飛航管制 ATC (ICAO)Air Transport Association of America ATA美國航空協會Air Waybill 空運提單 AWBAircraft 航空器 ACFT or A/CAircraft movement message 班機動態文電 MVT Aircraft on ground 停機待修 AOGAircraft type 機型 ATYPAirfreight 航空貨運 AIRFRTAirline Conversion Rate 航空兌換率 ACRAirline Operations Center航務中心 AOCAirline Operators Committee 航空業者聯席會議 AOC Airline Reservation System 航空訂位系統 ARSAirlines Reporting Corporation 美國航空票款 ARC清帳組織Airport 機場 AP (ICAO) orAPT or A/PAirport ground services 機場航勤 AGSAirport Handling Manual (IATA Traffic AHMServices Publications) 機場作業手冊Airport information desk 機場詢問檯 AIDAirport manager 航空站主任；機場經理 APMAirport office 機場辦事處 APOAirway 航路 AWY (ICAO)Airway facilities 航空設施 AFAllowance 許可；寬限 ALWNCAlready 已經 ALRDYAlternate or alternating 備用的 ALTN (ICAO)Alternative選擇的 (reservations code) ALTNAmend修改 AMD (ICAO)2航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsAmerican Telegraph and TelephoneCompany美國電報電話公司Amount合計；總數Animal in cabin (reservations code)帶進客艙的寵物Animal in Hold 放置貨艙動物Another 另外Answer 回覆Anticipate 預期Anxious 切望Anxiously 切望Apparently 顯然地Appendix 附屬Applicable 適用Application 應用；申請Applied 應用；申請Applying 應用；申請Appoint or appointed or appointment 約定Appreciate 感激Appreciation request請求諒解Approach 飛機近場或進場Approach接近；交涉Approval 認可Approval or approve or approved 准許Approximate or approximately大約Area of responsibility 責任區域Around 在附近Arrange or arrangement 安排AT&TAMNTPETCAVIHAHRANS (ICAO)ANTCPTANXANXLYAPRTLYAPPAPLCBLAPLCTNAPLDAPLYGAPPTAPPRECAPREQAPCH (ICAO)APRCHAPRVLAPV (ICAO) orAPRVAPRX (ICAO)or APPROXAORARNDARNG (ICAO)or ARRNGArrival 抵達 ARVLArrival or arrived or arriving到場；抵達 ARR (ICAO)Arrival unknown or via means otherthan ARNKschedule air service (reservations code)抵達班機不詳Arrived 抵達 ARVDArticle 物品 ARTAs follows 如下 AFAs soon as possible 儘速 SAP (ICAO) orSAPAs Your Request 如所要求 AYRQAscend or ascending to 爬升至 ASC (ICAO) Asiatic/Indian vegetarian meal 印度素食餐， AVML 無肉類及魚類Assignment 任務 ASSMTAssistance or assist or assisted or ASST assisting 幫助Association 協會 ASSN orASSOCAssociation of Asia Pacific Airlines AAPA亞太航空協會Association of European Airlines AEA歐洲航空協會Assortment 分類 ASSMTAt ... (time or place) 在...時間或地點 ATP (ICAO) ATA/IATA Reservations Interline Message AIRIMP Procedures - Passenger (IATA TrafficServices Publications) 訂位電訊傳送程序Attach 附加 ATCH3航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and Abbreviationshandling terms) 行李管制文電Baggage handling system 行李作業系BHSBaggage information display systemBIDS行李資料顯示系統Baggage Not Seen Message (baggageBNShandling terms) 行李未尋獲文電Baggage processed message (baggageBPMhandling terms) 行李處理文電Baggage source message (baggageBSMhandling terms) 行李原始資料文電Baggage tag printer 行李牌印表BTPBaggage transfer message (baggageBTMhandling terms) 行李轉運文電Baggage unload message (baggageBUMhandling terms) 行李卸下文電Balance 平衡BALBanker's Buying Rate 銀行貨幣買進費BBRBanker's Selling Rate 銀行貨幣賣出費BSRBarrel筒BRLBassinet or carry-cot or baby basket 娃娃車；搖BSCTBattery operated wheelchair 電動輪WCHBBeen 成為BNBefore 以前BFR (ICAO)Begin 開始BEGBehind 在後面BHNDBelow ... 在...以下BLW (ICAO)Better 較好地BTRBetween ...之間BTN (ICAO) orBTWNBeyond 超出BYNDAttempt 試圖 ATMPTAttend 出席；照料 ATNDAttention 注意 ATTN (ICAO)Attractive 有吸引力 ATRCTVAuthentic 正式的 AUTHAutomated Fare Quotation System (SITA)電腦自動機票報價系統Automated Ticket and Boarding Pass 指機票登機證合一之搭機券Automated Travel Information Manual (SITA) 電腦顯示旅行入境資訊指南Automatic or automatically 主動Auxiliary 補助的Availability Status (reservations code)空位狀況Available or availability 可用的或可用率；可得到的Available seat request 空位請求Average 平均數Aviation 航空Awaiting 等待BBaby / Infant Meal 嬰兒餐Background 背景Baggage 行李Baggage Check-in Record行李受理記錄Baggage Control Message (baggageAuthority or Authorize or Authorization 當局；授權AUTH (ICAO)AIRFAREATBTIMATICAUTOAUX (ICAO)AVSAVBL (ICAO)or AVLBASKAVG (ICAO)AVNAWTGBBMLBGDBAGBCRBCM4航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsBicycle 腳踏車 BIKEBill of lading(貨運提單) BL or B/LBilling and Settlement Plan 應收及應付 BSP帳款清償結帳辦法Billing and Settlement Plan Committee BSPC應收及應付帳款清償結帳辦法委員會Biological Oxygen Demand 水中微生物 BOD氧氣希求測試Black and white 書面文字為憑 BWBland/Soft Meal (means low fat food BLMLitems - low in dietary fiber residue.Omission of foods or beveragescausing gastric discomfort.) 低脂易消化餐，避免有些食物刺激胃腸不適Blank or null 空白或不存在的 NULBlind passenger 目盲旅客 BLNDBlock or blocking 封鎖；斷路 BLKBlocked 已封鎖 BLKDBlocked seats (load control terms) 保留機位 BLKDBoard of Directors 董事會；理事會 BODBoarded 已登機 BRDDBoarding 登機 BRDGBoarding gate printer 登機證印表機 BGPBoarding gate reader 登機門登機證讀取機 BGR Bonded goods 存關行李或物品 BG or B/GBonded warehouse 存關行李倉庫 BWBooked 已訂位 BKDBooking 訂位 BKGBoth 兩者 BOZBroadcast 廣播 BCST (ICAO)Broken 裂雲(ICAO)；破裂 BKNBuilding 建築物 BLDG (ICAO)Bulk 大型 BLKBulkhead (means a wall which divides BHD or BKHD the inside of an airplane into separate sections) 機艙間壁Bulky Baggage 大型行李 BULKBusiness 業務 BSNSBuyer 買主 BYRBy the way 附帶一提 BTWBy way of ... 經由 VIACCabin Attendant 客艙服務員 C/ACabin baggage to occupy extra seat(s) or to CBBG be loaded in cabin 客艙或座位上放置行李Cabin Purser (Chief Purser) 客艙長 C/PCabotage 國內及近海航權 CABOCalendar 日曆 CALCancel or canceled 取消 CNL (ICAO) orCNCLCancellation message (of revised ETD) CTD取消原來更改之班機起飛時間Cannot 不能 CANTCapacity 容量 CAPCaptain (Flight Commander) 機長 CAPTCaptain (Pilot-in-Command) 機長 CPT (ICAO) orPICCarbon copy複寫紙副本 CC5航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsCare of 轉交 C/OCargo 貨物 CGOCargo aircraft only 貨機 CAOCargo attendant (passenger type code) 貨物隨員 CACargo master loader 貨物主要裝貨人 CMLCarry out 實行 C/OCash in advance (trade term) 預先付款 CIACategory or Catalog or catalogue 類目；目錄 CATCathode Ray Tube 陰極射線管或映像管 CRTCaution 注意 CTN (ICAO)Central processing unit 中央處理器 CPUCentral Reservation Control 訂位控管中心 CRCCentralized Information System集中資訊系統 CISCertificate or certified 證書 CERT or CTFChairman 主席 CHMChange/modification修正電報 (message CHGtype designator - ICAO)；改變；調換Change Name to (reservations code) 訂位名字改變 CHNT Chapter 章節 CHCharacter 品質；角色 CHACharge 收費 CHGCharges collect 交付後收費 CCCharter 包租；租賃 CHTRCheck 檢查 CK (ICAO)Check-in (reservations code) 旅客報到 CKINChecklist 檢查目錄 CLCheque 支票 CHQChief 最高的；主要的 CHFChief Executive Officer 總經理 CEOChief flight or flying instructor 飛行主任教官 CFIChild 孩童Child Meal 兒童餐Chinese Air Force- Taiwan 中國(台灣)空軍Circumstance 環境；狀況City sales office 城區營業辦事處City ticket office 城區票務辦事處Civil Aeronautics Administration 民用航空局Civil Aviation民航局Civil Aviation Administration of China (PRC)中國(大陸)民航局Civil Aviation Authority 民航當局Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore 新加坡民航局Civil Aviation Authority of Taiwan 台灣民用航空局Civil Aviation Department 民航部門Clarify - Your message is not understood 澄清Class 等級Class of service 艙等Clause 條款；規定Clear or cleared to ... or clearance 准許；明確Clear-air turbulence 晴空亂流Climb爬升Clock 時鐘Close or closed or closing完結；結束；關閉Close File 結案歸檔Cloud 雲Collection 收集Color or colored 顏色；有色的CHD or CHCHMLCAFCIRCSCSOCTOCAACACAACCAACAASCAACADCFYCLCOSCLCLRCATCMB (ICAO) orCLBCLCLSD (ICAO)CLFICLD (ICAO)COLLCOL6航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsCombination or combined組合；組合的Comma 逗點Command 指揮權；命令；指令Commerce 商業Commercial 商務的；廣告Commercial courier (reservations and ticket code) 商品信差Commercially Important People (to company) 商界名人；對公司業務有重要性人物Commodity 必需品；商品Common currency of European Union (EU) 歐元Communications (ICAO) 通訊或交通Compact Disk - read-only memory 光碟機 -唯讀Company 公司；陪伴Company business 公司業務Company Mail 公司內部郵件Compare 比較Competitive 競爭的Competitor 競爭者Complaint 投訴Complete or completed or completion完成Comprehensive Allocation SpaceHandling 綜合機位配給作業設定Computerized Reservation System 旅行社所用電腦訂位系統之統稱Conclusion 結論；結果Condition 情況；條件Confidential Conference 機密會談Configuration (aircraft) 機艙座位配置Confirm or confirmed or confirming orCOMBCMACMD or CMMDCOM CMLCOURCIPCMDTYeuroCOMCD-ROMCOCOBUSCOMAILCFCMPTVCMPETR CMPLNTCMPL (ICAO) CASH++CRSCNCLSNCOND (ICAO) CONFCFGCFMconfirmation證實；確認Connect or connecting or connection or CONX connected (reservations code) 轉運In connection with 有關Consignment 寄交的貨品 CONSGTConstruction or constructed (ICAO) 施工 CONST Contact or contacted or contacting 聯繫 CTC (ICAO) Contact address (home or hotel) CTCA (reservations code) 住處電話Contact business phone (reservations code) CTCB 公司電話Contact home phone (reservations code) CTCH住宅電話Contact phone nature not known CTCP (reservations code)有聯絡電話而不知來處Contact travel agency telephone number CTCT (reservations code) 旅行社電話Container 貨櫃 CNTRContainer/pallet distribution message CPM航機盤櫃裝載配置文電Containing 包括 CONTContents 內容 CONTContinue or continued 繼續 CONTContinuous 連續的 CONS (ICAO)Control 管制；控制 CTL (ICAO)Control area 管制區域 CTA (ICAO)Control loading system 裝載管制系統 CLSControl zone 管制地帶 CTRConvenience 方便 CVENCEConventional 慣例的 CONVL7航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsConverted (aircraft) 轉向；兌換 CVTDConvertible 可變性；敝蓬車 CVTCooperation or cooperate or cooperated or COOPcooperating 合作Coordinate or coordination 協調 COOR (ICAO)Copilot 副駕駛員 CP (ICAO)Copy 副本 CPYCorporation 法人；股份有限公司 CORPCorrect or corrected or correction COR (ICAO)(message type designator) 改正Correction to previous message COR(reservations code) 改正前言文電Corridor 通路 CORRCost, freight and insurance 貨價包括運費 CFI及保險費Cost, insurance and freight貨價包括保險 CIF費及運費Cost per passenger 每一旅客之費用 CPPCould能 CUDCounter 櫃檯 CTRCountry code 國碼 CCCoupon 票根；聯票的一張 CPNCourse 航路；過程 CRSCover or covered or covering (ICAO) 覆蓋； COV 掩護Credit Card Settlement Plan CCSP (IATA)簽帳卡結帳辦法Crew 機組員 CRWCurrent message 目前訊息 CMCurrent plan目前計畫 CPNCustoms 海關 CUST (ICAO)Customs clearance 通關 CCLCustoms Declaration 海關申報單 C/D Customs, immigration and quarantine 機場 CIQ 通關流程關卡即海關、證照查驗及檢疫Customer 顧客 CSTMRCustomhouse 海關 CHDDaily 每日地 DLYDamaged 損害 DMGDDanger or dangerous 危害或危險 DNG (ICAO) Dangerous goods 危險物品 DGDangerous Goods Regulations - IATA Traffic DGR Services Publications 危險物品規則Date-Time Group 發電報日期時間組 DTG Deadheading crew or crew positioning DHCto/from duty, occupying passengerseats 佔用旅客座位之不值勤機組員Deaf passenger 耳聾旅客 DEAFDecember 十二月 DECDeclaration 申報 DECDeclination 偏差；磁偏角 DECDecrease 減少 DECDefinite 下定義；詳細說明 DEFNTDelay延誤 DLA (ICAO) orDELDelete or deleted or deleting 刪除 DELDeliver or delivered or delivery 交付 DEL or DLVR8航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsDenied Boarding Compensation 機位超賣未登機補償給付Depart or departed or departure 離場Department 部門Department of Transportation orTransport (US) 美國交通部Departure airport 出境地機場Departure Control System 機場出境電腦控管系統Deportee 被驅逐出境者Deportee - accompanied by an escort 有監護人隨行之被驅逐出境者Deportee - unaccompanied 無監護人隨行之被驅逐出境者Depot 停車場Depth深度Descend to or descending to (ICAO) or descent 下降至Design 設計；預定Destination目的地Destination address 目的地住址Destination airport 目的地機場Detail 細節Deteriorate or deteriorating 退化Develop 發展Deviation or deviating 偏差；偏向Diabetic meal糖尿病患餐，食物無糖份Differ or difference 差別Digital video effects 數位影音光碟DBCDEP (ICAO)DEPTDOTDEPDCSDEPODEPADEPUDEPDPT (ICAO)DESDSGNDEST (ICAO)or DESTNDADESTDTLDTRT (ICAO)DVLPDEV (ICAO)DBMLDIFFDVD-ROMDiplomatic courier (reservations and ticket DIPL code) 外交身份信差Direct or directly 直接 DIR or DRCTDirector 主管；董事 DIRDischarge 卸貨；執行 DISCHGDisconnect 分離；中期聯絡 DISCDiscount 折扣 DISCDiscretion 斟酌決定 DISCRDispatch 派遣 DESPDisplaced 調換 DISPLDisposition 處理 DSPNDisregard 不管 DISRGDDistance距離 DIST (ICAO)District 區域；行政區 DISTDitto 同上 DODiversion message 飛機改降文電 DIVDivert or diverting or diversion 飛機改降 DIV (ICAO) orDVTDivide 劃分 DIVDivision 部門 DIVDo all possible 儘力 DAPODocument or documentation 文件或憑文件證明 DOCDollar貨幣的元 DOL or DDomestic (ICAO) 國內的 DOM (ICAO)Domestic connecting time 國內線轉機時間 DCTDouble 加倍 DBLDouble room with bath (reservations code) DBLB雙人房附浴室Double room with bath (twin beds) 有一對單 TWNB人床之雙人房附浴室9航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsDouble room with bath and sitting room 雙人 SUIT房附小客廳及浴室Double room with shower (twin beds) 有一 TWNS對單人床之雙人房附淋浴Double room with shower (reservations DBLScode) 雙人房附淋浴設備Double room without bath/shower DBLN(reservations code) 雙人房不附浴室/淋浴設備Double room without bath/shower (twin beds) TWNN有一對單人床之雙人房無浴室/淋浴Down 向下 DWNDuplicate 複製 DUPDuplicate Message. 這是複製電報 DUPEDuration期間 R (ICAO)During 當 DRG (ICAO) orDURGDuty free 免稅 DFEEach 每個 EAEarly 早的 EAR or ELYEconomic Commission (ICAO Assembly) EC國際民航組織經濟委員會Economy class 經濟艙 EYCLEffective 生效 EFFElectric or electricity 電的 ELEC orELETRCElectrical用電的 ELECTElectronic Data Processing (computer) EDP電子資訊處理Emergency 緊急情況 EMERGEmigrant (reservations code) 移民EMIGEmployment 僱用EMPLMTEn route 途中 ENRTEnable 使能夠 ENBLEnclose 附寄 ENCLEngine 引擎 ENGEngineer or engineering 工程師；技術 ENGR or ENG Enquire or enquiry 訊問 ENQ or ENQRYEnter 進入 ENTREntrance 入口 ENTRNCEqual or equivalent 同等或等於 EQ or EQLEquality 同等 EQLTYEquivalent 等於 EQIVNT orEQUIVError 錯誤的字 EEEError 錯誤 ERREspecially 格外的 ESPEsquire 先生 ESQEssential 必要的 ESNTLEstablished 設立 ESTBDEstimate or estimated or estimating估計 EST (ICAO) or ESTMEstimated off-block time 預計飛機滑出時間 EOBT Estimated time of arrival 預計飛機到達時間 ETA Estimated time of departure預計飛機起飛 ETDet cetera 等等 ETCEurope歐洲 EUR or EurEuropean Community or Communities EC10航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codesand AbbreviationsOriginally European EconomicCommunity (EEC); now EuropeanUnion (EU) 歐洲共同體European Economic Community (now EECEuropean Union - EU) 歐洲經濟共同體European Union (formerly European EUCommunity - EC) 歐洲國家聯盟Evidence證據 EVI or EVDNCExamination檢查 EXAMExample 實例 EXExcept除了 EXC (ICAO) orEXPTExcess baggage (reservations code) XBAG超重(額)行李Excess baggage ticket 超額行李付費票聯 EBTExchange or exchanged 交換；兌換 EXCHExcluding除外 EX or EXCLExclusive or exclude or excluded or EXCL or EXexcluding排除Execute 執行 EXExecutive 主管人員 EXECexempli gratia例如 EGExercises or exercising or to exercise 演習 EXER (ICAO) Expect or expected or expecting預期 EXP (ICAO)Expect 預期 EXPCTExpedite 快速 EXPDTExpense 費用 EXPSExplain 解釋 EXPLNExport 出口 EXPExpress 表示 EXP or EXPRSExtend or extension 伸展或擴大 EXT or EXTDor EXTNExtended-range twin-engine operations -ETOPS aircraft extended-range operations (ICAO)雙引擎飛機延長飛行規劃Extension 擴展 XTNExterior 外部的 EXTExternal 外部的 EXTExtra額外 EXExtra seat for comfort 購買另外座位 EXSTExtra section臨時區域(加班機) EXSECExtra section / flight (reservations code) 加班機 XSEC FFacilities 設施 FACFacsimile 傳真；複製 FACFacsimile transmission 傳真傳送 FAX(ICAO) Factory 工廠 FCTRYFavor 幫助FAVFavorable 贊成的 FVRBLFederal or federation 聯邦 FEDFederal Aviation Administration (USA) FAA聯邦航空局(美國)Federal Aviation Regulations (USA) FAR聯邦航空規則(美國)Field領域 FLD (ICAO)Figure 數字；估計 FIGFinal 最後 FNLFinal approach 最後近場 FA (ICAO)11航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsFinance or financial 財務 FINFinish 完成 FNSHFirst第一 FST (ICAO)First available (reservations code) 首先可利用的 FRAVFirst class頭等艙 FC or FRCLFirst class hotel (reservations code) 頭等級飯店 FHTLFirst come, first served 先到者優先 FCFSFirst in, first-out 先到先離場 FIFOFirst or flight officer 副駕駛 F/OFlight 飛航(ICAO)；班機 FLTFlight attendant 飛機客艙服務員 FAFlight Crew Operating Manual 航空機員 FCOM運航手冊Flight forecast 飛行預報 FIFORFlight hour(s) 飛行時間 FHFlight Information Center飛航情報中心 FIC (ICAO)Flight Information Region飛航情報區 FIR (ICAO)Flight Interruption Manifest 班機異常旅客 FIM轉機名冊Flight Irregularity Report 班機異常報告 FIRFlight number 飛機班次 FLT NOFlight plan飛航計畫 PLN (ICAO) orFPLFly or flying 飛航 FLYFog - meteorological terms 霧 FG (ICAO) Following 跟隨 FLW (ICAO) orFLWG or FLOGFollows or following 跟隨 FLW or FLOFor 為 FRFor further study 供進一步探討 FFSFor your information 提供參考 FYIForecast- meteorological forecast 預報 FCST (ICAO) Foreign object 外物 FOForeign object damage 外物損害 FODForeword 前言 FWDForward or forwarded or forwarding 送出 FWD Freight 貨物運輸 FRTFreighter - aircraft, cargo 貨機 FRTRFrequent慣常的 FRQ (ICAO)Frequent Flyer Program 飛行里程累計辦法 FFP Frequent Individual Traveler 個人旅客 FIT Frequent traveler's medical card 殘障旅客 FREMEC 適航證書Further 進一步的 FURFuture 將來 FUTGGeneral 一般；通則 GENGeneral Agreement on Tariff and Trade - GATTWorld Trade Organization關稅貿易總協定General Agreement on Trade in Services GATS(WTO) 貿易協定General Declaration 班機航員申報單 GD(A standard document giving certaindetails about a flight required for aircraftclearance by government authorities incertain countries.)General Manager 總經理 GMGeneral sales agency or general sales GSA12航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and Abbreviationsagent 總代理Global Distribution System 全球訂位系統Gluten-free meal 無麩質食物餐，即不含小麥大麥祼麥燕麥類食物Go-around 重飛，即降落時放棄落地而重新爬升Government 政府Gradual or gradually 漸漸地Greenwich Mean Time 格林威治世界標準時間(replaced by UTC)Gross Domestic Product 國內生產毛額Gross National product 國民生產毛額Ground地面Ground handling 地勤作業Ground services 地勤服務Group 團體Group IT fare 團體票Group Seat Request (reservations code) 團體訂位及選位Guarantee 保證HHandbook 手冊Handle 處理Handling 處理Hard copy 印在紙上資料Have 有Have been 有Head office 總公司GDSGFMLGAGOV or GOVTGRADUGMTGDPGNPGND (ICAO)GHGSGRPGITGPSTGUARTHDBKHDLHDLGHCYHVHVBNHOHeading 航向HeadquartersHeavy 重Height or height above 高度；真高Helicopter 直昇機Here ... or herewith於此；附於High Fiber Meal 高纖食物Highway 公路Hindu Meal 印度宗教餐，不食用牛豬肉食物Holding等待；持有Holiday 假日Hotel accommodation 飯店住宿Hotel reservation 飯店訂房Hour 小時How 如何However 無論如何Hurricane 颶風II have received and understand all of your last transmission" (voice code) 無線電對講機之用語，表示已聽到對方的傳言IATA Rates of Exchange - IATA Tariff Affairs Publications 國際航空運輸協會的貨幣兌換率id est (Latin) - that is 就是Identification識別If not possible如不可能HDGHQHVYHGT (ICAO) orHT or htER (ICAO)HFMLHIWAYHNMLHLDG (ICAO)HOLHTLHORESHRHWHWVRHURCNROGERIROE or ROEi.e.IDENT (ICAO)INP (ICAO)13航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsIf space available 如有空位If unable or if unavailable (reservations code)如不可能Illustrated or illustration or illustrator 說明Immediate or immediately立即IMMD or IMDTImmigration移民Immigration and Naturalization Service (US)美國移民局Import 進口Important 重要Impossible不可能Improve or improved or improving 改進In accordance with 依據In-flight broadcast procedure 機內廣播程序In-flight entertainment 機內娛樂設施In my humble opinion 依我所見In progressIn-seat video system in aircraft 座位上個人電視Inbound 入境Incapacitated passenger 殘障或病患旅客Included 包括Including 包括Inclusive or include or included or including or enclosure 包括Inclusive tour票價包括住宿或其他服務及設施的旅遊團體Inconvenience 不方便Incorrect 不正確ISAIFUNILLIMT (ICAO) orMG (ICAO)INSIMPIMPTIMPOS orIMPSBLMPR (ICAO)i.a.w.IFBPIFEIMHOINPR (ICAO)IVSINBD (ICAO)INCPINCLDDINCLDGINCLITINCVENCEINCORIncrease or increased or increasing 增加 INCR Indefinite 不確定 INDEFIndividual 個人 INDVLIndustry Discount Message - passenger IDM industry discount message航空同業優待票旅客名單Information (ICAO) or inform 資料；情報 INFO Information request 要求提供資料或情報 INREQ Inoperative 失效 INOP (ICAO)Inquire進行中 INQInspect 調查 INSPInspection 調查 INSPNInstall or installation or installed 安裝或設施 INSTL (ICAO) Instant (immediate) 立即 INSTInstead of 代替 I/O or ISOInstitution 設立；公共設施 INSTNInstruct or instruction 指導 INSTRInstruction 指導 INSTRN orINSTRInstrument 儀器 INSTR (ICAO)Insufficient 不足 INSUFIntensify or intensifying 增強 INTSF (ICAO)Intensity 強度；亮度 INTST (ICAO)Interest 關心 INTRSTInterline message 航空同業文電 IMInternational 國際 INTLInternational Air Transport Association IATA際航空運輸協會International Business Machines IBMCorporation 國際商業機器公司14航空客運電訊代碼及縮語/ Glossary of Air Passenger Codes and AbbreviationsInternational Civil Aviation Organization ICAO國際民航組織International Organization for Standardization ISO國際標準化組織Interrupt or interrupted or interruption 阻擾 INTRP或間斷Interrupted 阻擾或間斷 INTRPTDIntroduction 導入 INTROInvestigation or investigate or investigated INVESTor investigating 調查Invitation 招待 INVTNIrregularity or irregular 異常事件 IRRGIrregularity report (IATA) 異常報告 IRPIrrespective of 無關 IRRESPItinerary 旅程 ITIN or ITNRYJJapan Civil Aviation Bureau 日本民航局 JCAPJoint task force 聯合特遣人員 JTFJunction 接合 JCTKKeep 保持 KPKey decision point 主要決策要點 KDPKindly 親切的 KDLYKosher meal (All foods should be prepared KSMLand served according to Jewish DietaryLaws) 回教餐，照猶太戒律烹調之食物，由合格廠商製作並密封保存。
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CHAPTER 51.Instrumentations and techniques 仪器和技术2.ionization 电离3.saturation in ion chambers 饱和电离室4.dimension 维尺度5.the polarizing voltage 极化电压6.pulsed 脉冲作用的7.aluminum plates 铝板8.molecules 分子9. a parallel plate 平行板10.a finite chance of bumping 有限机会的碰撞11.an ion recombining 离子组合12.ion concentration 离子浓缩13.ion chamber calculation 电离腔计算14.tacitly assumed 假定15.decay 衰减16.exponential 指数的17.pulsed radiation 脉冲式的辐射18.the principles involved 包含的原则19.approximate expression 大概的表达20.Boag (B9)and Greening(G8)21.a parallel plate chamber 平衡板腔22.occupy 占领23.overlap region 重叠区域24.integral 集成的25.evaluate 评价26.the dimensionless variable 无量纲变量27.coulombs 库仑28.saturation curve 饱和曲线29.breakdown 崩溃30.the insulation 绝缘31.indicate 指示32.graphically 图形33.parameter 参数34.negligible 忽略的35.density 密度36.cylindrical and spherical chambers 柱形和球形腔37.the central electrode 中央电极38.a parallel plate ionization chamber 平行板电离腔39.equivalent gap 平衡缺口40.the ratio of the radius of the shell 半径与壳体的比例41.operational amplifiers 运算放大器42.sensitive electrometer 敏感的静电计43.inexpensive solid state operational amplifiers 不昂贵的固态运算放大器44.triangular structure 三角结构45.impedance 阻抗46.substituting 代替的47.“virtual ground”虚拟地48.leakage current 漏电流49.a sophisticated circuit 复杂的线路50.a frequency compensator 频率补偿51.current-to-voltage converter 电流电压转换器52.an infinite impedance 无限大阻抗53.integration period 综合周期54.integration cycle 综合循环55.switch 开关56.squeeze 压榨57.drain of the transistor 三极管耗尽58.differential amplifier 差分放大59.several amplifiers in series 系列的几个放大器60.practical devices for measuring radiation 测量放射的实际设备61.shielded cable 屏蔽电缆62.the polarizing voltage 极化电压63.rubber insulation 橡胶绝缘64.accidental ground 附属地65.a conducting plastic 传导塑料66.a cobalt unit 钴单元67.sensitivity 灵敏度68.guarded construction 保护结构69.the cable of inferior quality 次级质量电缆70.imbedded 嵌入71.insulator 绝缘72.a sheath of insulation 绝缘鞘, 护套, 外壳73.a rubber sheath 橡胶鞘, 护套, 外壳74.spurious signals伪造的, 假造的, 欺骗的信号75.condenser chambers 压缩电离腔76.the hollow insulator 中空绝缘77.the calibration factor 校正系数78.dosimeters 计量计79.wearer 佩带80.townsend balance汤森平衡81.an integrating dosimeter 集成剂量剂82.guarded construction83.an electrometer device 静电计设备84.potentiometer 电势差计85.initial null reading 初始空读数86.recalibration 重新校正87.Mylar 聚脂薄膜88.the cavity 空腔89.simultaneously 同时地90.a cobalt unit 钴单元91.the source off92.approximate 大约93.a scattering medium 分散媒介94.perturb 扰动95.stem 茎干96.malfunction 错误动作97.linear accelerator 直线加速器98.betatrons beta加速器99.terminate 终结100.the bending magnets101.linac102.target103.quadrant 象限104.an accurately calibrated chamber 精确校正的电离腔105.correction for inverse square law106.silicon rectifier 硅整流器107.fabricated 焊接的，虚构的108.diffused 分散的漫射的109.transparent 透明的110. a typical diode 典型的二极管111.linear 线性的112.oscilloscope 示波器113. a voltmeter of infinite impedance 内阻无限大的电压计114.circumstance 情况115.theory 理论116.logarithm 对数117.diagnostic 诊断118.the switching transients 交替的瞬态119.absorption coefficient 吸收系数120.photon 光子121.photoelectric absorption 光电吸收122.an enormous dynamic range 巨大的动态范围123.thermoluminesecent dosimetry 热释光计量方法124.the emission of light125.geologists 地质学家126.assumption 假设127.lithium fluoride 氟化锂128.crystalline structure 晶体状结构129.imperfection 不完善ttice 点阵晶格131.impurity levels 不纯程度132.subsequent 接下来的133.the emission of light134.schematically 图表的135.the irradiated sample 放射的样本136.photomultiplier 光放大137.cylindrical 柱状的138.quantitative 数量的139. a reproducible way 可复制的方法140.automatic commercial equipment 自动商业机器141.monitoring 监视142.molecules 分子143.ferric ions 亚铁离子144.the optical density 光密度145.spectrophotometer 分光光度计146.dimensionless 无量纲的147.the ferrous sulphate 硫酸亚铁148.spectral distribution 谱分布149.the Fricke dosimeter 弗里克剂量剂150.an irradiated volume of complex shape151.the presence of sulphur152.approximately 大致的153.the mass energy absorption coefficient 质能吸收系数154.film as a dosimeter 用菲林做剂量计155.the unaffected silver bromide 未受影响的溴化银156. a photocell placed 安装的一个光单元157.simplification 简化158.the optical density 光密度159.the calorimeter 卡路里计（一种热量计）160.semiconductor 半导体161.exhibit 展览162.pinhead 针头163.fluence 通量164.thermally 热的165.vacuum 真空166.minimizes 最小化167.aluminum 铝168.phantom 体模169.graphite 石墨170.tissue-equivalent plastic 与组织相当的塑料171.the jacket 外层172.configuration 轮廓组态外形173.thermal capacity 热容量174.parallel 平行的175.isolation 分离隔离176.the thermal conductivity 热传导177.irradiation 放射178.depletion 枯竭损耗179.annealing and degasification program 退火去气程序180.feasible 可行的181.graphite 石墨182.approximation 大约。