高一期末复习2

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高一物理期末复习2(第三,四章)

高一物理期末复习2(第三,四章)

17、作用于一个点的三个力,F1=3N、F2=5N、
F3=7N,它们的合力大小不可能的是( )
A.0
B.2N
C.15N
D.18N
三、力的实际分解
力的分解是力的合成的逆运算,遵守平行四边形法则。 1、合力的大小一定时,两分力随二力夹角的增大而增大。
2、力的分解不具有唯一性:
如果没有其它限制,一个力可以分解成无数对大 小、方向不同的分力。
练习
3、一杯子装满水,杯的底部有一个小 孔,在水从小孔不断流出的过程中,杯 连同杯中水的共同重心将( ) A、一直下降 B、一直上升 C、先升后降 D、先降后升
练习 4、关于重力的大小,以下说法正确的是 [ A.悬挂在竖直绳子上的物体,绳子对它的 ]
拉力一定等于其重力
B.静止在水平面上的物体对水平面的压力
F
F1
二、力的合成
4.合力的特点:
(1)两个力的大小一定时,合力随二力夹角的增大而减小。 (2)两个力的大小一定时, | F1-F2|≤F≤(F1+F2)。
(3)合力可以比分力大,也可以比分力小,还可以和分力 大小相等。
练习 15、下面关于合力和它的两个分力的叙述中, 正确的是 ( ) A.两个力的合力,一定大于其中任意的一个力
3、将一个实际的力分解的原则:
(1)按力的实际作用效果分解 (2)正交分解
练习
18、如图所示,轻绳 AO 和 BO 共同吊起质量 为 m 的重物.AO 与 BO 垂直,BO 与竖直方向 的夹角为 θ,OC 连接重物,则( )
A.AO 所受的拉力大小为 mgsinθ B.AO 所受的拉力大小为
mg sin
F1 =10N

A. 10N,方向向左

上海高一上学期期末英语综合巩固复习卷(二)(有答案)

上海高一上学期期末英语综合巩固复习卷(二)(有答案)

上海高一上学期期末综合巩固复习卷(二)一、完形填空Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The sights, sounds, and smells of the modern marketplace are rarely accidental. More likely, they are tools of an evolving strategy of psychological marketing called “sensory marketing” to create an emotional association to a(n) 1 product or brand.By relating to people in a far more 2 way through everyone’s own senses, sensory marketing is able to affect people in a way that traditional mass marketing cannot.Traditional marketing believes that consumers will systematically consider 3 product factors like price, features, and utility. Sensory marketing, by contrast, seeks to resort to the consumer's life experiences and feelings. Sensory marketing believes that people, as consumers, will act according to their emotional urge more than to their 4 reasoning. In this way, an effective sensory marketing effort can result in consumers choosing to buy a lovely but expensive product, rather than a plain but cheap 5 .In the past, communications with customers were mainly monologues — companies just ‘talked at’ consumers. Then they evolved into dialogues, with customers providing 6 . Now they’re becoming multidimensional conversations, with products finding their own voices and consumers responding 7 to them.Based on the implied messages received through five senses, consumers, without noticing it, tend to apply human-like personalities to brands, leading to intimate relationship and, hopefully for the brands, persistent 8 . And that’s the very thing brands are dying to foster in customers rather than instant trend or profits. Most brands are considered to have either "sincere" or "exciting" personalities."Sincere" brands like IBM and Boeing tend to be regarded as conservative and reliable while "exciting" brands like Apple, and Ferrari are as imaginative and 9 . In general, consumers tend to form 10 relationships with sincere brands than with exciting ones. This explains the relatively enduring history of the “Sincere Brands”Certainly, with the eyes containing two-thirds of all the 11 cells in a person's body, sight is considered the most important of all human senses. Sensory marketing uses sight to create a memorable "sight experience" of the product for consumers which extends to packaging, store interiors, and printed advertising to form a(n) 12 image for the brand.In other words, no aspect of a product design is left to 13 anymore, especially color. Brand acceptance is linked closely with the appropriateness of the colors on the brand—does the color 14 the product at all? If not, customers, though not realizing it themselves, will 15 the brands in all possible ways sales, reputation, etc. Therefore, brands, isn’t it time now to study the new field of marketing?1.A.specific B.qualified C.average D.adequate 2.A.economic B.personal C.artificial D.mechanic 3.A.obvious B.potential C.accessible D.concrete 4.A.imaginable B.objective C.psychological D.gradual 5.A.alternative B.reward C.sample D.exhibit 6.A.compliment B.fund C.prospect D.feedback 7.A.temporarily B.subconsciously C.occasionally D.attentively 8.A.loyalty B.philosophy C.endurance D.regulation 9.A.mild B.daring C.steady D.classic 10.A.far-fetched B.hard-won C.long-lasting D.easy-going 11.A.individual B.sensory C.present D.general 12.A.overall B.ambitious C.dramatic D.additional 13.A.chance B.maintenance C.progress D.leadership 14.A.accept B.overlook C.fit D.treat 15.A.shape B.punish C.signify D.exploit二、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Discovering a Lost BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, 16.(sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised 17.(find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it 18.(label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was 19.they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. 20.(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that 21.(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point 22.it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron 23.hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and 24.he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship 25.it’s time to leave this planet,”says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Yes, Imposter Syndrome Is RealHave you ever felt like you don’t belong? Like your friends or colleagues are going to discover you’re a fraud, and you don’t actually deserve your accomplishments?If so, you’re in good company. These feelings are known as imposter syndrome, or what psychologists often call imposter phenomenon. An 26.(estimate) 70 percent of people -- even brilliant ones -- experience these imposter feelings at some point in their lives, according to an article published in the International Journal of Behavioral Science.Imposter Syndrome -- the idea that you’ve only succeeded owing to luck or good timing rather than your talent or qualifications -- 27.(identify) in 1978 by psychologists Pauline Rose Clance and Suzanne Imes. In their paper, they theorized that women were uniquely affected by the syndrome. Since then, research 28.(show) that both men and women experience imposter feelings. Today, imposter syndrome can apply to 29.who isn’t able to internalize and own their successes.Some experts believe 30.(experience ) impostor syndrome has to do with personality traits -- like anxiety or neuroticism. Others focus on family or behavioral causes. For instance, childhood memories, such as feeling that your grades were never good enough for your parents or that you siblings always did better than you in certain areas, can leave a lasting impact.External factors, such as environment and institutionalized discrimination, can also play a major role in 31.(arouse) imposter feelings. A sense of belonging builds up confidence. Conversely, the fewer people who look or sound like you, the 32.(confident) you feel. This is especially true when you belong to a group for whom there are stereotypes about competence, including women in STEM fields or international students at American universities.There are a number of actions that can significantly help you overcome imposter syndrome: You 33.share your feelings with trusted friends or mentors; you can write down lists of your achievements, skills and successes 34.(demonstrate)_ to yourself that you have concrete value to share with the world; or you can request ongoing feedback that helps to prove the effort you put into your work. But in the end, 35.you are still unable to get rid of these negative feelings, it is important that you seek out a professional psychologist.Most people experience moments of doubt, and that’s normal. The important part is not to let that doubt control your actions. You can still have an impostor moment, but not an impostor life.三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.imbalance B.cultivating C.motivation D.criticize E. quality F. fullyG. definite H. significantly I. genetic J. lacked K. strengthenSome personal characteristics play a vital role in the development of one’s intelligence. After a 30-year follow-up study of 8, 000 males, American psychologists found out that the main cause of disparities in intelligence is not intelligence itself, but non-intelligence factors. The so-called “non-intelligence factors” include one’s feelings, will, 36., interests and habits.Though people all know that one should have 37.objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to 38.these factors.Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. Theyblame either 39.factors, malnutrition, or laziness, but they never take into consideration these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don’t inquire into these as reasons why students do poorly. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or even 40.or laugh at them. After all, these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and give themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray because they are sick of learning. An investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46. 5 percent of them were afraid of learning because of examination and 36. 4 percent 41.persistence, initiative and conscientiousness.It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main obstacle to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes a(n) 42.between physiological and psychological development among a few students.If we don't start now to 43.the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only obstruct the development of the intelligence of teenagers, but also affect the 44.of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward suggestions about how to cultivate students’non-intelligence factors.First, parents and teachers should 45.understand teenage psychology. On this basic, they can help them to pursue the objectives of learning, exciting their interests and toughening their willpower.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A Peking Opera Legend That Redefined Female RolesWhen it comes to Peking Opera, a few key things come to mind for most Chinese: its quintessential connection to the history and traditions of China; the richness of its dazzling costumes with their 46.colors and patterns; and the bold work of its facial make-up. Somemay even be able to hum a few lines or talk about their favorite artists, but for the vast majority of people, traditional Chinese opera remains a classic art form that is far 47.from everyday life.However, only a century ago, Peking Opera was no less 48.to the regular populace than is today’s pop music. The performers were admired by a large number of fans who were willing to spend a fortune on a ticket to their performances. Throughout the history of Peking Opera, there have 49.many renowned masters of the form. But MeiLanfang (1894 - 1961) was arguable the most outstanding figure of this craft, who was famous for his portrayal of the female lead roles (dan)50.as one of the “four famed dan,” Mei was so much more than even this. He brought forth a number of new ideas to several aspects of Peking Opera: make-up (he was the first to war lipstick), music (his productions first 51.the erhu in shows), choreography(编舞艺术)(his iconic sword dance in Farewell My Concubine《霸王别姬》) and, most importantly characterization.At a time when actual women were banned from performing, Mei 52.the dan to starring roles. He combined elements of the qingyi (elegant lady), huadan (young woman) and daomadan (female warrior) into a new huashan character that excelled in singing, dancing and martial arts. The techniques he introduced led to the development of the “Mei School”, which was considered one of the three major dramatic performing art systems in the world at the time.“My father broke the 53.between almost all the different types of female role,” Mei Baojiu, the youngest child of Mei Lanfang who followed his father into dan acting, was quoted as saying.Thanks to Mei’s 54.innovations, even those who know little about traditional Chinese opera can easily see the beauty of the art form the moment performers take the stage. “His make-up, the overlay of carmines(胭脂红) and darker tones, is the most beautiful I have ever seen in a theater,” wrote U.S. playwright Stark Young after watching Mei Lanfang’s performance in New York in 1930.But the true beauty of Peking Opera is not solely about visual aesthetics. “For veteran artists, even their performances without make-up can be just as 55.as full-on stageperformances,” Mei wrote in his 1958 memoir, Forty Years of Life on the stage. Just as Peking Opera has become an icon of Chinese culture, Mei has come to be acknowledge on the grand stage of the world as its quintessential performer.四、阅读选择You can’t make a call or send a text on your mobile phone in the US town of Green Bank, West Virginia. Wireless Internet is outlawed, as is Bluetooth. As you approach the tiny town on a two-lane road that snakes through the mountains, your mobile phone signal drops out, and your radio stops working. The rusted pay phone on the north side of town is the only way for a visitor to reach the rest of the world. It’s a pre-modern place by design, lacking of the latest technologies that define life today.The reason for the town’s empty airwaves is apparent the moment you arrive. It’s the Robert C.Byrd telescope, also known as the GBT, a shiny white, 147-metre-tall satellite dish. It’s the largest of its kind in the world and one of nine in Green Bank, all of them government owned and operated by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO).You don’t look through these kinds of telescopes. They’re radio telescopes, so instead of looking for distant stars, they listen for them. There’s a long line of astronomers all over the world who want to use the telescope which is so sensitive that it could hear a single snowflake hitting the ground 1,000 miles away.Such a sensitive listening tool needs total technological silence to operate, so in 1958 the US government created a National Radio Quiet Zone, a 33,000 km2 area covering Green Bank where, to this day, electronic and radio signals are forbidden every hour of every day.People who live within a 15km of the Green Bank telescope are allowed to use landline telephones, wired Internet and cable televisions, but microwave ovens, wireless Internet and radios are forbidden. You can have a mobile phone, but you won’t get a signal.Because of how much its way of life varies from the rest of America, Green Bank seems to be a somewhat isolated (隔绝), even alien place. For locals, the technology ban is annoying.For others who come to Green Bank for a little rest and relaxation, the town has become a refuge.56.What do we know about the town of Green Bank from Paragraph 1?A.It’s located at the base of a large mountain.B.It is geographically and technologically isolated.C.Its telecommunications are affected by its geography.D.Many people live in the town and its surrounding areas.57.How does the GBT work?A.It traps light waves in its huge dish.B.It stops all electronic and radio signals.C.It receives pictures from space satellites.D.It listens for and receives noises from space.58.What equipment are locals of the Green Bank allowed to use?A.Cable TV, wired Internet and radio.B.Landline phones, wired Internet and cable TV.C.Public phones, wireless Internet and mobile phones.D.Landline phones, microwave ovens and cable internet.59.What does the underlined word “refuge” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A.A place of escape.B.A source of confusion.C.An area of interest.D.A sign of danger.There are two basic modes of judgment: criticism and praise. The former consists of identifying a subject’s flaws; the latter of noting its worthwhile qualities.Often, the greater intellectual challenge — as a reader, as a viewer, and as a manager — is to recognize when something is truly great.“Managers in particular seem to have a hard time with this” said Adam Grant, the author of Originals: How Nonconformists Move the World, in a lecture at the Aspen Ideas Festival. Grant points to the work of his former student Justin M. Berg, who is now a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford University. While at college, Berg studied circus performers who were trying to make their circus world-famous. Berg asked the performers to submit videos of their works and then asked the artists themselves, circus managers, and regular audience members to evaluate them. He wanted to know, between the performers and the managers, who could predict which acts would most resonate (共鸣) with the audience members.What Berg found is that the artists themselves were terrible judges of their own works. “On average,” Grant explained, “when they looked at 10 videos, they ranked their own videos two spots too high.” The reason, he said, is that “they’ve fallen in love with their own work.” The circus managers, however, are too negative about these works,” Grant said, “and they commit a ton of false negatives, rejecting really promising ideas.”So why is this? Why do managers tend to find flaws, not reasons for praise? To answer that, Grant turns to the example of Seinfeld, an American sitcom (情景喜剧), which was rejected by director after director at NBC.Grant said, “You know, I realize that this show makes no sense and it’s really about nothing, and you can’t identify with any one of the characters. But it made me laugh and that’s what a sitcom is supposed to do.” The managers, by contrast, were too focused on whether Seinfeld looked like what had succeeded in the past to recognize its novel brilliancy. Years of experience had trained them to believe that a certain type of show would be successful, and prejudiced them against something that broke that mold.But Grant says it wasn’t just experience that prevented those managers from appreciating Seinfeld. It was also that they had bad motivation. As he explained, “If you are a manager and commit a false positive, you are going to embarrass yourself, and potentially ruin your career.” Managers, he says, are terrified of committing false positives, meaning saying something will be a hit.False negatives, by contrast, present little costs. “If you reject a great idea,” Grant said,“most of the time, no one will ever know.’’ Managers like to make safe bets and don’t mind the invisible losses.Berg’s work was again inspiring. Berg found that there was one group whose nature did line up well with what was actually be popular with audiences: other circus artists. “They were the best forecasters by far,” said Grant. “Unlike the artists themselves, the peers could take a step back” and see a work’s flaws. But, unlike managers, the peers “were also really invested in the creative process” which enabled them to recognize when something was novel and worth the risk.One conclusion from this would be to free managers from certain decision-making processes. But since that’s not typically possible, perhaps instead managers can be taught to think like peers, and Berg found that that can be done relatively easily. “All he did,” Grant explained, “was that he asked managers to spend five minutes brainstorming about their own ideas before they judged other people’s ideas.” “That”, Grant said, “was enough to open their minds. Because when they came in to select ideas, they were looking for reasons to say no. Get them into a brainstorming mindset first, and now they’re not thinking evaluatively but creatively.”60.What does the underlined word “flaws” in the first paragraph mean?A.Features.B.Dangers.C.Values.D.Faults.61.What can we learn about the works the circus performers submitted?A.The circus performers committed false negatives towards them.B.They couldn’t resonate with the audience members.C.Both the circus performers and managers made prejudiced judgments about them. D.The circus performers held the same opinion as the circus managers did about them. 62.By mentioning the sitcom Seinfeld, Grant intends to tell us ________.A.why it has been popular among AmericansB.how an unknown play succeeded in the endC.why managers tend to criticize rather than praise D.how false positives make managers overlook its brilliance 63.Compared to false positives, false negatives ________. A.can’t make more invisible lossesB.are more acceptable among managersC.can potentially ruin managers’ careersD.can make managers feel more embarrassed 64.According to Berg, managers are advised ________. A.to think both evaluatively and creatively in judging an idea B.to spend five minutes brainstorming before judging an idea C.not to participate in certain decision-making processes D.to reject any ideas that are not worthwhile65.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.The art of recognizing good ideasB.The key factors in decision-makingC.The influence of false negativesD.The two basic modes of judgment五、概要写作66.Summary WritingWhen you hear the final whistleOne of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire. But even harder is finding the answer to the question “What am I going to do with the rest of my life?”Some sportspeople go on playing too long. Perhaps they just can’t stand life without the “high” of playing professional sport. Michael Jordan, the greatest basketball player of all time retired three times. He retired once from the Chicago Bulls, made a successful comeback with the Bulls, then retired again. His second comeback with an inferior team ended in failure and he retired forever at the age of 38. Jordan said, “There will never be anything I do that will fulfill me as much as competing did.”Others can’t resist the chance of one last “pay day”. Muhammad Ali needed the money, but his comeback fight, at the age of 39, against Trevor Berbick, was one of the saddest spectacles in modern sport. After losing to Berbick, Ali retired permanently. Three years later he developed Parkinson’s disease.For some people, the pain of retirement never leaves them. As Jimmy Greaves, anex-England international footballer said, “I think that a lot of players would prefer to be shot once their career is over.” Many of them spend their retirement in a continual battle against depression, alcohol, or drugs.But for the lucky few, retirement can mean a successful new career. Franz Beckenbauer is a classical example of a footballer who won everything with his club, Bayern Muaich. After retiring he became a successful coach with Bayern and finally president of the club. John McEnroe, the infamous “bad boy” of tennis, is now a highly respected and highly paid TV commentator. But sadly, for most sportspeople these cases are the exceptions.六、汉译英翻译句子67.北京以它的悠久历史而闻名。

期末高一复习专题02 一元二次函数、不等式(教师版)

期末高一复习专题02  一元二次函数、不等式(教师版)

专题02 一元二次函数、方程和不等式考点一:不等式性质及应用1.若A =a 2+3ab ,B =4ab -b 2,则A ,B 的大小关系是( ) A .A ≤B B .A ≥B C .A <B 或A >B D .A >B 答案 B解析 ∵A -B =a 2+3ab -(4ab -b 2)=⎝⎛⎭⎫a -b 22+34b 2≥0, ∴A ≥B . 2.若110a b<<,则下列不等式成立的是( ) A .a b ab -> B .a b ab -<C .b a ab ->D .b a ab -<【解答】解:由110a b<<, 对于A 、B ,因为110a b <<,则0a <,0b <,a b >,从而0ab >,0a b ->,即0a b ab ->,则可取1a bab-=,即a b ab -=,故A 、B 错误,对于C 、D ,因为110a b <<,则0a <,0b <,从而0ab >.又110b a->,即0a bab->,则0a b ->,所以0b a ab -<<,故D 正确,C 错误. 故选:D .3.对于任意实数a ,b ,c ,则下列四个命题:①若a b >,0c ≠,则ac bc >;②若a b >,则22ac bc >; ③若22ac bc >,则a b >;④若a b >,则11a b<. 其中正确命题的个数为( ) A .3 B .2C .1D .0【答案】C【解析】a b >时,若0c <,则ac bc <,①错误;若0c,则22ac bc =,②错误;若22ac bc >,则20c >,∴a b >,③正确;a b >,若0a b >>,仍然有11a b>,④错误. 正确的只有1个.故选:C .4.已知11x y -≤+≤,13x y ≤-≤,则182yx ⎛⎫⋅ ⎪⎝⎭的取值范围是( ) A .82,2⎡⎤⎣⎦B .81,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C .72,2⎡⎤⎣⎦D .71,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦【答案】C【解析】令()()()()3x y s x y t x y s t x s t y -=++-=++-则31s t s t +=⎧⎨-=-⎩,∴12s t =⎧⎨=⎩,又11x y -≤+≤,…∴①13x y ≤-≤,∴()226x y ≤-≤…②∴①+②得137x y ≤-≤.则371822,22yxx y -⎛⎫⎡⎤⋅=∈ ⎪⎣⎦⎝⎭.故选C .5.证明不等式22222a b a b ++⎛⎫≤⎪⎝⎭(,a b ∈R ). 【答案】证明见解析.【解析】证明:因为222a b ab +≥,所以22222()2a b a b ab +≥++, 所以()()2222a ba b +≥+两边同除以4,即得22222a b a b ++⎛⎫≤⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当a b =时,取等号. 考点二:利用基本不等式求最值 6.函数413313y x x x ⎛⎫⎪⎝=>-⎭+的最小值为( ) A .8 B .7 C .6 D .5【答案】D因为13x >,所以3x -1>0,所以()443311153131y x x x x =+=-++≥=--, 当且仅当43131x x -=-,即x =1时等号成立,故函数413313y x x x ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝=>-⎭+的最小值为5. 故选:D .7.设0a >,0b >,41a b +=,则11a b+的最小值为( )A .7B .9C D 3【解答】解:0a >,0b >,41a b +=,111144()(4)()552549b a b a b a b a b a b a ∴+=++=++++=, 当且仅当4b a a b =,即126a b ==时取等号,∴11a b +的最小值为9.故选:B .8.已知a ,b R +∈,且23a b ab +=,则2a b +的最小值为( ) A .3B .4C .6D .9【解答】解:a ,b R +∈,且23a b ab +=,∴213a b+=,12152522(2)()()333333a b a b a b a b b a ∴+=++=+++⨯(当且仅当a b =时取“= “),即2a b +的最小值为3.故选:A .9.函数233(1)1x x y x x ++=<-+的最大值为( )A .3B .2C .1D .-1【答案】D2233(1)(1)111x x x x y x x ++++++==++1[(1)]1(1)x x =--+++-+11≤-=-, 当且仅当1111x x +==-+,即2x =-等号成立. 故选:D.10.已知0x >,0y >,若28x y xy +=,则xy 的最小值是( )A B C .18D .14【答案】C因为0x >,0y >,由基本不等式得:2x y +≥所以8xy ≥解得:18xy ≥,当且仅当2x y =,即14x =,12y =时,等号成立故选:C11.已知0x >,0y >且141x y+=,若28x y m m +>+恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是_________.【答案】(9,1)- 【详解】0,0x y >> ,且141x y+=,()144149y xx y x y x y x y ⎛⎫∴+=++=+++≥ ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当4y x x y =,即36x y ==,时取等号.()min 9x y ∴+=,由28x y m m +>+ 恒成立,即()2min 89m m x y +<+=,解得:91m -<<, 故答案为:(9,1)-12.已知正数a ,b 满足21a b +=,则( ) A .ab 有最大值18 B .12a b +有最小值8 C .1b b a +有最小值4 D .22a b +有最小值15【解答】解:根据题意,依次分析选项: 对于A ,22112()248a b a b ab+⋅=⇒,当且仅当12a =,14b =时取等号,则A 正确; 对于B ,121222(2)()5459b aa b a b a b a b +=++=+++=,当且仅当13a b ==时取等号,B 错误;对于C ,12224b a bb a b a+=+++=,当且仅当13a b ==时取等号,则C 正确;对于D ,222222211(12)5415()(0)552a b b b b b b b +=-+=-+=-+<<,故最小值为15,则D 正确;故选:ACD .13.已知20a b >>,则4(2)a b a b +-的最小值为______________思路一:所求表达式为和式,故考虑构造乘积为定值以便于利用均值不等式,分母为()2b a b -,所以可将a 构造为()112222a ab b ⋅=⋅-+⎡⎤⎣⎦,从而三项使用均值不等式即可求出最小值:4181(2)3(2)2(2)2a a b b b a b b a b ⎡⎤+=-++≥⋅=⎢⎥--⎣⎦ 思路二:观察到表达式中分式的分母()2b a b -,可想到作和可以消去b ,可得()()2222b a b b a b a +-⎡⎤-≤=⎢⎥⎣⎦,从而244(2)a a b a b a +≥+-,设()24f a a a =+,可从函数角度求得最小值(利用导数),也可继续构造成乘积为定值:()24322a a f a a =++≥= 答案:314.某项研究表明:在考虑行车安全的情况下,某路段车流量F (单位时间内经过测量点的车辆数,单位:辆/时)与车流速度v (假设车辆以相同速度v 行驶,单位:米/秒)、平均车长l (单位:米)的值有关,其公式为F=76 000v v 2+18v +20l . (1)如果不限定车型,l =6.05,则最大车流量为________辆/时;(2)如果限定车型,l =5,则最大车流量比(1)中的最大车流量增加________辆/时. 答案 (1)1 900 (2)100解析 (1)当l =6.05时,F =76 000v v 2+18v +121=76 000v +121v +18≤76 0002v ·121v +18=1 900(辆/时).当且仅当v =121v ,即v =11时,等号成立.(2)当l =5时,F =76 000vv 2+18v +100=76 000v +100v +18≤76 0002v ·100v +18=2 000(辆/时).当且仅当v =100v ,即v =10时,等号成立.∴最大车流量为2 000(辆/时). 2 000-1 900=100(辆/时).∴最大车流量比(1)中的最大车流量增加100(辆/时). 考点三:含参数与不含参数的不等式解法15.已知集合{}2230A x x x =-+≥,302x B x x ⎧⎫-=∈≤⎨⎬+⎩⎭Z,则A B =( ) A .{}23x x -<≤ B .{}1,0,1,2,3-C .{}2,1,1,2,3--D .R【答案】B解不等式2230x x -+≥ ,()2223120,x x x x R -+=-+>∈ ,解不等式302x x -≤+ 得23x -<≤,}{1,0,1,2,3B =- ,}{1,0,1,2,3A B ∴⋂=- ; 故选:B.16.不等式()()()21350x x x ++->的解集为___________. 【答案】1(,3),52⎛⎫-∞-- ⎪⎝⎭⋃【详解】不等式()()()()()()2135021350x x x x x x ++->⇔++-<,由数轴标根法画出图线,可得不等式的解集为1(,3),52⎛⎫-∞-- ⎪⎝⎭⋃.故答案为:1(,3),52⎛⎫-∞-- ⎪⎝⎭⋃.17.已知二次不等式220x bx c -++<的解集为1{|3x x <或1}2x >,则关于x 的不等式220cx bx -->的解集为( )A .{|23}x x <<B .{|23}x x -<<C .{|32}x x -<<D .{|32}x x -<<-【解答】解:二次不等式220x bx c -++<的解集为1{|3x x <或1}2x >, 所以二次方程220x bx c -++=的解是13和12,由根与系数的关系知,1132211322bc ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪⨯=-⎪⎩,解得53b =,13c =-;所以不等式220cx bx -->化为2152033x x --->, 即2560x x ++<,解得32x -<<-;所以所求不等式的解集为{|32}x x -<<-. 故选:D .18.25.已知关于x 的不等式20ax bx c ++>解集为{}23x x -<<,则下列说法错误的是( ) A .0a < B .不等式0ax c +>的解集为{}6x x <C .0a b c ++>D .不等式20cx bx a -+<的解集为1132x x ⎧⎫<<⎨⎬⎩⎭【答案】D 【详解】由已知可得-2,3是方程20ax bx c ++=的两根,则由根与系数的关系可得23,23,b ac a ⎧-+=-⎪⎪⎨⎪-⨯=⎪⎩且0a <,解得,6b a c a =-=-,所以A 正确;对于B ,0ax c +>化简为60x -<,解得6x <,B 正确;对于C ,660a b c a a a a ++=--=->,C 正确; 对于D ,20cx bx a -+<化简为:2610x x --<,解得1132x -<<,D 错误.故选:D.19.已知关于x 的不等式:()23130ax a x -++<.(1)当2a =-时,解此不等式; (2)当0a >时,解此不等式.【答案】(1)1{|2x x <-或}3x >(2)当13a =时,解集为∅;当103a <<时,解集为1{|3}x x a <<;当13a >时,解集为1{|3}x x a <<(1)当a =-2时,不等式-2x 2+5x +3<0整理得(2x +1)(x -3)>0,解得x <-12或x >3, 当a =-2时,原不等式解集为{x |x <-12或x >3}.(2)当a >0时,不等式ax 2-(3a +1)x +3<0整理得:(x -3)(x -1a )<0, 当a =13时,1a =3,此时不等式无解;当0<a <13时,1a >3,解得3<x <1a ;当a >13时,1a <3,解得1a <x <3;综上:当a =13时,解集为∅;当0<a <13时,解集为{x |3<x <1a };当a >13时,解集为{x |1a <x <3}.20.已知22()(3)3f x ax a x a =+--.(1)若关于x 的不等式()0f x <的解集为{|1x x >或3}x <-,求实数a 的值; (2)若关于x 的不等式()0f x x a ++<的解集中恰有2个整数,求正整数a 的值. 【解答】解:22()(3)3(3)()f x ax a x a ax x a =+--=-+,(1)若不等式()0f x <的解集为(-∞,3)(1-⋃,)+∞,则0a <,且1a -=,33a=-,解得1a =-; (2)不等式()0f x x a ++<,即22(2)20ax a x a +--<有两整数解, 所以(2)()0ax x a -+<;又a 为正整数,所以2a x a-<<, 由解集中必含0,两整数解为1-,0或0,1;当2a >时,整数解为2-,1-,0,不符合; 所以1a =或2a =.考点四:恒成立、有解与根分布问题21.函数()()20.8log 23f x x ax =-+在()1,-+∞有意义,则a 的取值范围( )A .(-B .5,⎡-⎣C .[]5,4--D .(],4-∞-【答案】B 【详解】由题意可知2230x ax -+>对任意的1x >-恒成立,令223u x ax =-+, 二次函数223u x ax =-+的图象开口向上,对称轴为直线4ax =. ①当14a≤-时,即当4a ≤-时,此时函数223u x ax =-+在()1,-+∞上单调递增, 所以,230a ++≥,解得5a ≥-,此时54a -≤≤-;②当14a>-时,即当4a >-时,则有2240a ∆=-<,解得a -<4a -<<综上所述,实数a 的取值范围是5,⎡-⎣. 故选:B.22.已知函数y =x 2+ax +3.(1)当x ∈R 时,y ≥a 恒成立,求a 的取值范围; (2)当a ∈[4,6]时,y ≥0恒成立,求x 的取值范围.解 (1)当x ∈R 时,x 2+ax +3-a ≥0恒成立,则Δ=a 2-4(3-a )≤0,即a 2+4a -12≤0, 解得-6≤a ≤2,故a 的取值范围为{a |-6≤a ≤2}.(2)将y =xa +x 2+3看作关于a 的一次函数,当a ∈[4,6]时,y ≥0恒成立,只需在a =4和a =6时y ≥0即可,即⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧x 2+4x +3≥0,x 2+6x +3≥0, 解得x ≤-3-6或x ≥-3+6,故x 的取值范围是{x |x ≤-3-6或x ≥-3+6}. 23.已知a R ∈,“2210ax ax +-<对x R ∀∈恒成立”的一个充要条件是( ) A .10a -<< B .10a -<≤C .10a -≤<D .10a -≤≤【答案】B当0a =时,221=10ax ax +--<,对x R ∀∈恒成立;当0a ≠时,若2210ax ax +-<,对x R ∀∈恒成立,则必须有20(2)4(1)0a a a <⎧⎨-⨯-<⎩,解之得10a -<<, 综上,a 的取值范围为10a -<≤.故“2210ax ax +-<对x R ∀∈恒成立”的一个充要条件是10a -<≤,故选:B24.若命题“R x ∃∈,使得不等式22(3)0mx m x m +-+<”成立,则实数m 的取值集合是( ) A .(3,1)-- B .(,1)(3,)-∞+∞C .(,0]-∞D .(3,1)(1,3)--【答案】B命题“R x ∃∈,使得不等式22(3)0mx m x m +-+<”成立, 当0m =时,不等式为30x -<,显然有解,成立;当0m <时,开口向下,必然R x ∃∈,使得不等式22(3)0mx m x m +-+<成立,; 当0m >,0∆>即222(3)40m m -->,解得29m >或21m <,所以01m <<或3m >. 综上可得1m <或3m >. 故选:B .25.已知关于x 的不等式²4x x m -≥对任意(]0,3x ∈恒成立,则有( ) A .4m ≤- B .3m ≥- C .30m -≤< D .40m -≤<【答案】A因为关于x 的不等式²4x x m -≥对任意(]0,3x ∈恒成立,所以2min (4)m x x ≤-, 令224(2)4y x x x =-=--,(]0,3x ∈,所以当2x =时,24y x x =-取得最小值4-, 所以4m ≤- 故选:A26.若关于x 的一元二次方程2240x ax -+=有两个实根,且一个实根小于1,另一个实根大于2,则实数a 的取值范围是________. 【答案】(52,+∞)【详解】设2()24f x x ax =-+,由题意2Δ4160(1)1240(2)4440a f a f a ⎧=->⎪=-+<⎨⎪=-+<⎩,解得52a >,故答案为:5(,)2+∞.27.2022年11月23日,贵州宣布最后9个深度贫困县退出贫困县序列,这不仅标志着贵州省66个贫困县实现整体脱贫,这也标志着国务院扶贫办确定的全国832个贫困县全部脱贫摘帽,全国脱贫攻坚目标任务已经完成.在脱贫攻坚过程中,某地县乡村三级干部在帮扶走访中得知某贫困户的实际情况后,为他家量身定制了脱贫计划,政府无息贷款10万元给该农户种养羊,每万元可创造利润0.15万元.若进行技术指导,养羊的投资减少了x ()0x >万元,且每万元创造的利润变为原来的()10.25x +倍.现将养羊少投资的x 万元全部投资网店,进行农产品销售,则每万元创造的利润为()0.150.875a x -万元,其中0a >. (1)若进行技术指导后养羊的利润不低于原来养羊的利润,求x 的取值范围; (2)若网店销售的利润始终不高于技术指导后养羊的利润,求a 的最大值. 【答案】(1)x 的取值范围为06x <≤;(2)a 的最大值为6.5. 【详解】解:(1)由题意,得()()0.1510.25100.1510x x +-≥⨯,整理得260x x -≤,解得06x ≤≤,又0x >,故06x <≤. (2)由题意知网店销售的利润为()0.150.875a x x -万元,技术指导后,养羊的利润为()()0.1510.2510x x +-万元,则()()()0.150.8750.1510.2510a x x x x -≤+-恒成立,又010x <<,∴5101.58x a x≤++恒成立, 又51058x x +≥,当且仅当4x =时等号成立,∴0 6.5a <≤,即a 的最大值为6.5. 答:(1)x 的取值范围为06x <≤;(2)a 的最大值为6.5.对点练习一、单选题1.不等式21560x x +->的解集为( )A .{1x x 或1}6x <- B .116x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭ C .{1x x 或3}x <- D .{}32x x -<<【答案】B【分析】解一元二次不等式,首先确保二次项系数为正,两边同时乘1-,再利用十字相乘法,可得答案, 【详解】法一:原不等式即为26510x x --<,即()()6110x x +-<,解得116x -<<,故原不等式的解集为116x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭.法二:当2x =时,不等式不成立,排除A ,C ;当1x =时,不等式不成立,排除D .故选:B .2.已知正数x y ,满足 4x y +=,则xy 的最大值( )A . 2B .4C . 6D .8【答案】B【分析】直接使用基本不等式进行求解即可. 【详解】因为正数x y ,满足 4x y +=,所以有424x y xy =+≥⇒≤,当且仅当2x y ==时取等号, 故选:B3.已知二次函数2y ax bx c =++的图象如图所示,则不等式20ax bx c ++>的解集是( )A .{}21x x -<<B .{|2x x <-或1}x >C .{}21x x -≤≤D .{|2x x ≤-或1}x ≥ 【答案】A【分析】由二次函数与一元二次不等式关系,结合函数图象确定不等式解集. 【详解】由二次函数图象知:20ax bx c ++>有2<<1x -. 故选:A4.已知02x <<,则y =的最大值为( ) A .2B .4C .5D .6【答案】A【分析】由基本不等式求解即可【详解】因为02x <<,所以可得240x ->,则()22422x x y +-==,当且仅当224xx =-,即x =y =的最大值为2.故选:A .5.关于x 的不等式()210x a x a -++< 的解集中恰有1个整数,则实数a 的取值范围是( )A .(][)1,02,3-B .[)(]2,13,4--C .[)(]2130,-⋃,D .()()2134--⋃,, 【答案】C【分析】分类讨论一元二次不等式的解,根据解集中只有一个整数,即可求解.【详解】由()210x a x a -++<得()()10x x a --< ,若1a =,则不等式无解.若1a >,则不等式的解为1x a <<,此时要使不等式的解集中恰有1个整数解,则此时1个整数解为2x =,则23a <≤.若1a <,则不等式的解为1<<a x ,此时要使不等式的解集中恰有1个整数解,则此时1个整数解为0x =,则10a -≤<.综上,满足条件的a 的取值范围是[)(]2130,-⋃, 故选:C .6.已知关于x 的不等式20ax bx c ++<的解集为{|1x x <-或4}x >,则下列说法正确的是( )A .0a >B .不等式20ax cx b ++>的解集为{|22x x <<C .0a b c ++<D .不等式0ax b +>的解集为{}|3x x >【答案】B【分析】根据解集形式确定选项A 错误;化不等式为2430,x x --<即可判断选项B 正确;设2()f x ax bx c =++,则(1)0f >,判断选项C 错误;解不等式可判断选项D 错误.【详解】解:因为关于x 的不等式20ax bx c ++<的解集为{|1x x <-或4}x >,所以a<0,所以选项A 错误; 由题得014,3,414a b b a c a a c a ⎧⎪<⎪⎪-+=-∴=-=-⎨⎪⎪-⨯=⎪⎩,所以20ax cx b ++>为2430,22x x x --<∴<所以选项B 正确;设2()f x ax bx c =++,则(1)0f a b c =++>,所以选项C 错误;不等式0ax b +>为30,3ax a x ->∴<,所以选项D 错误.故选:B二、多选题7.(多选)给出下列命题,其中正确的命题是( )A .a >b ⇒ac 2>bc 2B .a >|b |⇒a 2>b 2C .a >b ⇒a 3>b 3D .|a |>b ⇒a 2>b 2答案 BC解析 A 当c 2=0时不成立;B 一定成立;C 当a >b 时,a 3-b 3=(a -b )(a 2+ab +b 2)=(a -b )·⎣⎡⎦⎤⎝⎛⎭⎫a +b 22+34b 2>0成立; D 当b <0时,不一定成立.如|2|>-3,但22<(-3)2.a b >,则222a b b >=,D 正确.故选:BD .8.对任意两个实数,a b ,定义{},,min ,,a ab a b b a b ≤⎧=⎨>⎩,若()22f x x =-,()2g x x =,下列关于函数()()(){}min ,F x f x g x =的说法正确的是( )A .函数()F x 是偶函数B .方程()0F x =有三个解C .函数()F x 在区间[1,1]-上单调递增D .函数()F x 有4个单调区间【答案】ABD【分析】结合题意作出函数()()(){}min ,F x f x g x =的图象,进而数形结合求解即可.【详解】解:根据函数()22f x x =-与()2g x x =,,画出函数()()(){}min ,F x f x g x =的图象,如图.由图象可知,函数()()(){}min ,F x f x g x =关于y 轴对称,所以A 项正确;函数()F x 的图象与x 轴有三个交点,所以方程()0F x =有三个解,所以B 项正确;函数()F x 在(,1]-∞-上单调递增,在[1,0]-上单调递减,在[0,1]上单调递增,在[1,)+∞上单调递减,所以C 项错误,D 项正确.故选:ABD三、填空题9.函数()1311y x x x =+>-的最小值是_____【答案】3+【分析】利用基本不等式可求得原函数的最小值.【详解】因为1x >,则10x ->,所以()1313331y x x =-++≥=-,当且仅当()1311x x -=-,因为1x >,即当x =.所以函数()1311y x x x =+>-的最小值是3.故答案为:3+10.已知[]0,2a ∀∈时,不等式()231102ax a x a +++-<恒成立,则x 的取值范围为__________. 【答案】()2,1--【分析】由题意构造函数关于a 的函数()f a 2312x x a x ⎛⎫=+-++ ⎪⎝⎭,则可得(0)0(2)0f f <⎧⎨<⎩,从而可求出x 的取值范围.【详解】由题意,因为当[]0,2a ∈,不等式()231102ax a x a +++-<恒成立, 可转化为关于a 的函数()f a 2312x x a x ⎛⎫=+-++ ⎪⎝⎭,则()0f a <对任意[]0,2a ∈恒成立, 则满足2(0)10(2)22310f x f x x x =+<⎧⎨=+-++<⎩,解得2<<1x --, 即x 的取值范围为()2,1--.故答案为:()2,1--四、解答题11.(1)已知一元二次不等式20x px q ++<的解集为11|23x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭,求不等式210qx px ++>的解集; (2)若不等式2(7)0x mx m -++>在实数集R 上恒成立,求m 的范围.【答案】(1){|23}x x -<<;(2)22m -<+【分析】(1)先将不等式问题转化为方程问题求出,p q 的值,然后就可以解不等式了;(2)一元二次不等式恒成立,即考虑其判别式.【详解】(1)因为20x px q ++<的解集为11|23x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭, 所以112x =-与213x =是方程20x px q ++=的两个实数根, 由根与系数的关系得11,3211,32p q ⎧-=-⎪⎪⎨⎛⎫⎪⨯-= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩解得1,61.6p q ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩不等式210qx px ++>, 即2111066x x -++>,整理得260x x --<,解得23x -<<.即不等式210qx px ++>的解集为{|23}x x -<<. (2)由题意可得,∆<0,即241(7)0-⨯⨯+<m m ,整理得24280m m --<,解得22m -<+12.为持续推进“改善农村人居环境,建设宜居美丽乡村”,某村委计划在该村广场旁一矩形空地进行绿化.如图所示,两块完全相同的长方形种植绿草坪,草坪周围(斜线部分)均摆满宽度相同的花,已知两块绿草坪的面积均为400平方米.(1)若矩形草坪的长比宽至少多9米,求草坪宽的最大值;(2)若草坪四周及中间的花坛宽度均为2米,求整个绿化面积的最小值.【答案】(1)最大值为16米;(2)最小值为(824+平方米.【分析】(1)设草坪的宽为x 米,长为y 米,依题意列出不等关系,求解即可;(2)表示400(26)(4)(26)(4)S x y x x=++=++,利用均值不等式,即得最小值. 【详解】(1)设草坪的宽为x 米,长为y 米,由面积均为400平方米,得400y x =. 因为矩形草坪的长比宽至少大9米,所以4009x x +,所以294000x x +-,解得2516x -. 又0x >,所以016x <.所以宽的最大值为16米.(2)记整个的绿化面积为S 平方米,由题意可得400300(26)(4)(26)(4)8248()(824S x y x x x x=++=++=+++(平方米)当且仅当x =.所以整个绿化面积的最小值为(824+平方米.。

高一下学期期末复习练习(二)历史试题

高一下学期期末复习练习(二)历史试题

高一年级期末复习练习卷二历史一、单选题1.伯利克里说:“我们的政府形式之所以称为民主制,是因为权力不掌握在少数人手里,而是由全体人民掌握。

”他所说的“全体人民”指的是()A.全体居民B.妇女C.男性公民D.外邦人2.下列各项最能体现美国1787年宪法“分权与制衡”原则的是A.行政、立法、司法三权分立,相互制约B.总统既是国家元首,又是政府首脑,还是联邦军队总司令,战时行使独裁大权C.美国公民享有宗教信仰、言论……保留和携带武器等自由D.总统和众议院议员由选民选举产生3.19世纪中叶以前,欧洲殖民者在非洲的殖民活动主要分布在A.非洲的沿海地区B.非洲内陆地区C.撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲D.北非和红海沿岸4.下列选项中属于私有制产生的影响是()A.个体劳动逐渐盛行、土地变成私有财产B.是生产力发展到一定程度的结果C.破坏氏族成员的平等关系,导致原始社会逐渐解体D.标志着人类进入文明时代5.下列有关近代启蒙思想家的组合有误的一项是A.17世纪-洛克-《政府论》-分权理论B.17世纪-伏尔泰-《哲学通信》-法律面前人人平等C.18世纪-孟德斯鸠-《论法的精神》-三权分立原则D.18世纪-卢梭-《社会契约论》-人民主权说6.欧洲商人把美洲的玉米、甘薯等作物传到世界其他地区,小麦、水稻等作物又随着欧洲移民逐渐进入美洲。

这一现象开始于A.丝绸之路开通B.罗马帝国的扩张C.新航路的开辟D.垄断组织的出现7.学者易中天说,实际上,历史的进步往往因为妥协……其实妥协是一种政治美德。

下列史实能够诠释上述观点的是①扶清灭洋①清帝退位①英国光荣革命A.①①①①B.①①①①C.①①①D.①①①8.万有引力定律是牛顿的重要科学发现,下列各项中对牛顿万有引力定律的提出过程概述正确的有①观测了海王星的运动轨迹①研究了地球对月球的引力①运用了微积分做计算工具①参考了开普勒天体力学的成果A.①①B.①①C.①①①D.①①①9.上海世博会期间,“金色少女”雕像全身镀金,是为纪念第一次世界大战中阵亡的3000名卢森堡士兵而建。

2020-2021学年新人教版必修二高一地理下学期期末02 乡村和城镇 【专练】解析版

2020-2021学年新人教版必修二高一地理下学期期末02 乡村和城镇 【专练】解析版

2020-2021学年高一地理下学期期末专项复习(新教材人教版必修第二册)专题02 乡村和城镇(专项训练)第Ⅰ卷选择部分一、选择题(本题共20小题,每题3分,共60分)图示2001—2011年我国城镇人口增长率与建成区面积增长率比较完成下面小题。

1.2001—2008年我国城市人口人均城市用地面积()A.先增后减B.先减后增C.呈增加趋势D.呈减少趋势2.据上图结合相关知识可判断,2001年以来我国()A.城市新增用地以商业用地为主B.乡村人口数量持续增长C.城市人口增长以自然增长为主D.城市化处于中期加速阶段【答案】1.C2.D【分析】1.由图可知,除2009年外,城镇建成区面积增长率大于城镇人口增长率,说明城镇建成区面积增长快于人口增长,可推测人均城市用地面积呈增加趋势,C正确。

故选C。

2.商业用地在城市中占比最低,住宅用地占比最高,城市新增用地应以住宅用地为主,A错误;城镇人口增长率始终为正值,说明城镇人口一直增加,可推测乡村人口数量可能下降,B错误;城市经济发达,就业机会多,人口增长以机械增长为主,C错误;由图可知城市人口增长,城市地域范围扩大,可推测城市化可能处于中期加速阶段,D正确。

故选D。

市辖区是我国的行政区划之一,属县级行政区,受地级市、直辖市管辖,是城市市区的组成部分。

随着城市的发展,政府通过行政区划调整来增设市辖区。

有学者将我国城市市辖区的空间结构划分为圈层式、组合式、并排式和独立式等几种基本模式(如下图)。

据此完成下面小题。

3.我国东部地区城市较西部更易增设市辖区,其主要影响因素是()A.政策支持力度B.交通便利程度C.地形起伏状况D.经济发展水平4.某城市增设新的市辖区后,该城市可能会出现“虚假城镇化”,“虚假城镇化” 是指()A.市辖区数量多,城镇人口比重大B.市辖区数量多,城镇用地比重大C.市区空间范围大,城镇人口比重小D.市区空间范围小,城镇用地比重小【答案】3.D4.C【分析】3.依据材料可知,随着城市的发展,政府会增设市辖区,而我国东部地区经济发展水平高,城市发展更快,为了便于管理,政府会更容易决定增设市辖区,D正确;并无信息表明政府对增设市辖区的支持力度存在明显的东西部差异,A错;相比于经济发展水平而言,交通便利程度不是主要影响因素,排除B;与地形起伏关系不大,C错。

云南省大理州体育中学2024届高一数学第二学期期末复习检测试题含解析

云南省大理州体育中学2024届高一数学第二学期期末复习检测试题含解析

云南省大理州体育中学2024届高一数学第二学期期末复习检测试题考生须知: 1.全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分,全部在答题纸上作答。

选择题必须用2B 铅笔填涂;非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。

2.请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。

3.保持卡面清洁,不要折叠,不要弄破、弄皱,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。

一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分。

在每个小题给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的1.已知α、β是不重合的平面,a 、b 、c 是两两互不重合的直线,则下列命题:①a a ααββ⊥⎫⇒⊥⎬⊂⎭; ②//ab ac c b ⊥⎫⇒⎬⊥⎭; ③//a b b a αα⎫⇒⊥⎬⊥⎭.其中正确命题的个数是( ) A .3B .2C .1D .02.已知两条直线m ,n ,两个平面α,β,下面说法正确的是( )A .m m n n αβαβ⊥⎫⎪⊂⇒⊥⎬⎪⊂⎭B .m m nn αβαβ⎫⎪⊂⇒⎬⎪⊂⎭C .m m αββα⊥⎫⇒⊥⎬⊂⎭D .m m αββα⎫⇒⎬⊂⎭3.以点()1,1和()2,2-为直径两端点的圆的方程是( )A .22315222x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫-++= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ B .22315224x y ⎛⎫⎛⎫-++= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭C .()()225322x y +++=D .()()223225x y +++=4.从装有2个白球和2个黑球的口袋内任取两个球,那么互斥而不对立的事件是 A .至少有一个黑球与都是黑球 B .至少有一个黑球与至少有一个白球 C .恰好有一个黑球与恰好有两个黑球D .至少有一个黑球与都是白球5.设的内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,且6C π=,12a b +=,面积的最大值为() A .6B .8C .7D .96.数列815241579--,,,,…的一个通项公式是( ) A .()()211121nnn a n +-=--B .()2121nn n na n +=-+C .()()3121nn n n a n +=-+D .()()2121nn n n a n +=-+7.△ABC 的内角A 、B 、C 的对边分别为a 、b 、c.已知5a =,2c =,2cos 3A =,则b= A .2B .3C .2D .38.已知不同的两条直线m ,n 与不重合的两平面α,β,下列说法正确的是( ) A .若m n ,m α,则n α B .若m α,αβ∥,则m β C .若m n ,m α⊥,则n α⊥ D .若m n ⊥,m α⊥,则n α⊥ 9.圆被轴所截得的弦长为( ) A .1B .C .2D .310.与圆22:(2)(2)1C x y ++-=关于直线10x y -+=对称的圆的方程为( ) A .22(1)(1)1x y -++= B .22(1)(1)1x y +++= C .22(1)(1)1x y -+-=D .22(1)(1)1x y ++-=二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分。

2021年高一生物下学期期末复习专题02 基因的自由组合定律(人教版必修2)(Word学生考试版)

专题02 基因的自由组合定律1.两对相对性状的杂交实验——发现问题其过程为:P黄圆×绿皱↓F1黄圆↓⊗F29黄圆∶3黄皱∶3绿圆∶1绿皱2.对自由组合现象的解释——提出假说(1)配子的产生①假说:F1在产生配子时,每对遗传因子彼此分离,不同对的遗传因子可以自由组合。

②F1产生的配子a.雄配子种类及比例:YR∶Yr∶yR∶yr=1∶1∶1∶1。

b.雌配子种类及比例:YR∶Yr∶yR∶yr=1∶1∶1∶1。

(2)配子的结合①假说:受精时,雌雄配子的结合是随机的。

②F1配子的结合方式有16种。

(3)遗传图解3.设计测交方案及验证——演绎和推理(1)方法:测交实验。

(2)遗传图解4.自由组合定律——得出结论(1)实质:非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合。

(如图)(2)时间:减数第一次分裂后期。

(3)范围:有性生殖的生物,真核细胞的核内染色体上的基因。

无性生殖和细胞质基因遗传时不遵循。

5.基因分离定律和自由组合定律关系及相关比例6.用“先分解后组合”法解决自由组合定律的相关问题(1)思路:首先将自由组合定律问题转化为若干个分离定律问题,在独立遗传的情况下,有几对基因就可分解为几个分离定律的问题。

(2)分类剖析①配子类型问题a.多对等位基因的个体产生的配子种类数是每对基因产生相应配子种类数的乘积。

b.举例:AaBbCCDd产生的配子种类数②求配子间结合方式的规律:两基因型不同的个体杂交,配子间结合方式种类数等于各亲本产生配子种类数的乘积。

③基因型问题a.任何两种基因型的亲本杂交,产生的子代基因型的种类数等于亲本各对基因单独杂交所产生基因型种类数的乘积。

b.子代某一基因型的概率是亲本每对基因杂交所产生相应基因型概率的乘积。

c.举例:AaBBCc×aaBbcc杂交后代基因型种类及比例Aa×aa→1Aa∶1aa2种基因型BB×Bb→1BB∶1Bb 2种基因型Cc×cc→1Cc∶1cc 2种基因型子代中基因型种类:2×2×2=8种。

高一第二学期期末复习资料-家长打印版(共48页)

6
18. 已知在 ABC 中,角 A ,B ,C 的对边分别为 a ,b ,c ,且 b sin A 3a cos B 3c .
(1)求角 A 的大小; (2)若 a 4 , D 为 BC 的中点, ABC 的面积为 3 3 ,求 AD 的长.
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必修二 第 7 章 复数 期末考试复习
概念
3
5
题型五: 平面向量的应用
13. O 是△ABC 所在平面内的一定点,P 是△ABC 所在平面内的一动点,若(―P→B -―P→C )·(―O→B ―→ ―→ ―→ ―→ ―→
+ OC )=( PC - PA )·( OA + OC )=0,则 O 为△ABC 的( )
A.内心
B.外心
C.重心
D.垂心
2.(多选)下列命题中正确的是( )
A.向量 a 与 b 不共线,则 a 与 b 都是非零向量 ―→ ―→ ―→
B.已知 A,B,C 是平面内任意三点,则 AB + BC + CA =0 ―→ ―→ ―→ ―→ ―→
C.若 O 为△ABC 所在平面内任一点,且满足( OB - OC )·( OB + OC -2 OA )=0,则
ABC 的面积.
注:如果选择条件①和条件②分别解答,按第一个解答计分.
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15.在△ABC 中,角 A,B,C 的对边分别为 a,b,c,且(2a﹣c)(a2﹣b2+c2)=2abccosC. (1)求角 B 的大小; (2)若 sin A 3 cos C 1 ,求 b 的值.
2a
16.如图,在 ABC 中, B 60 , AB 8 , AD 7 ,点 D 在 BC 上,且 cos ADC 1 . 7
,且 a + b = 5,

高一历史期末复习2 (2020年区统考试题)

高一历史期末复习2 (2020年区统考试题)本部分共40小题,每小题1.5分,共60分。

在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出最符合题目要求的一项。

1.以下关于人类文明产生的前提,说法正确的是 [单选题] *A.私有财产的出现B.社会分工的发展C.农业畜牧业产生(正确答案)D.阶级和国家产生2.古代埃及、印度、希腊、中国等文明呈现出独立发展的多元特征,这主要是因为 [单选题] *A.大河与高山阻隔了文明交流B.自然环境和历史发展的不同(正确答案)C.生产力发展水平低限制交流D.政治动荡导致文明交流受阻3.图1左侧为公元前7到前6世纪的希腊雕刻,右侧为古代埃及公元前三千纪后期的雕刻,两者在表情和站立姿势等多方面存在明显的相似之处,这可以说明[单选题] *A.古希腊雕刻完全模仿古埃及B.古代雕刻艺术发展非常缓慢C.古希腊与古埃及的文化雷同D.早期文明之间存在一定交流(正确答案)4.依据右侧知识卡片中的内容,可以判断该国是[单选题] * A.法兰克王国B.奥斯曼帝国C.古罗马帝国(正确答案)D.俄罗斯帝国5.5世纪后期,欧洲开始进入封建社会,西欧封建社会的基本特征是①封君封臣制度②庄园与农奴制度③王权高于教权④主要封建国家形成 [单选题] *A.①②(正确答案)B.②③C.①③D.③④6.10-11世纪起,西欧各地兴起了众多城市。

以下关于西欧城市兴起的表述,正确的是①主要居民是手工业者和商人②城市完全独立于各地封建主③城市兴起促使西欧大学兴起④城市兴起有利于国王的统一 [单选题] *A.①②③B.①③④(正确答案)C.②③④D.①②④7.据《阿拉伯通史》记载:“巴格达城的码头,有好几英里长,那里停泊着几百艘各式各样的船只,有战舰和游艇,有中国大船……市场上有从中国运来的瓷器、丝绸和麝香;从印度和马来群岛运来的香料、矿物和燃料;从中亚细亚和突厥运来的红宝石、青金石、织造品和奴隶;从斯堪的纳维亚和俄罗斯运来的蜂蜜、黄蜡、毛皮和白奴;从非洲东部运来的象牙、金粉和黑奴。

2021-2022学年西安市长安一中高一上学期期末数学复习卷 (2)(含解析)

2021-2022学年西安市长安一中高一上学期期末数学复习卷 (2)一、单选题(本大题共8小题,共40.0分)1. 扇形的圆心角与半径相等,面积为4,这个扇形的圆心角等于( )A. √43B. 2C. π4D. π2 2. 植树节某班20名同学在一段直线公路一侧植树,每人植一棵,相邻两棵树相距10米,开始时需将树苗集中放置在某一树坑旁边,现将树坑从1到20依次编号,为使各位同学从各自树坑前来领取树苗所走的路程总和最小,树苗可以放置的两个最佳坑位的编号为A. 1和20B. 9和10C. 9和11D. 10和11 3. 函数f(x)=√x +1的定义域为( )A. (5,+∞)B. [−1,5)∪(5,+∞)C. [−1,5)D. [−1,+∞) 4. 已知角θ的终边在直线y =−2x 上,则cos2θ=( )A. 35B. 34C. −34D. −35 5. “a =2”是“直线ax +2y −1=0与x +(a +1)y +2=0平行”的( )A. 充分不必要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件 6. 已知f(x)为偶函数,当x ≥0时,f(x)=m(|x −2|+|x −4|),(m >0),若函数y =f[f(x)]−4m 恰有4个零点,则实数m 的取值范围( )A. (0,16)B. (0,16)∪(56,52)C. (0,14)∪(54,52)D. (0,14) 7. 已知函数f(x)=2cos 3x+2cos 2x−2cos 2x 22cos 2x 2,则函数f(x)的最小正周期是( )A. π2B. πC. 2πD. 4π 8. 函数y =−x 2(x ∈R)是( )A. 左减右增的偶函数B. 左增右减的偶函数C. 减函数、奇函数D. 增函数、奇函数 二、多选题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分)9. 设函数f(x)、g(x)的定义域都为R ,且f(x)是奇函数,g(x)是偶函数,则下列结论中正确的是( )A. f(x)g(x)是奇函数B. |f(x)|g(x)是奇函数C. f(x)|g(x)|是奇函数D. |f(x)g(x)|是奇函数10. 已知a =x 12,b =(12)x ,c =log 12x ,则( ) A. 当a =b 时,有c >aB. 当a =b 时,有c <aC. 当b =c 时,有a >cD. 当b =c 时,有a <c 11. 已知0<α<β<π2,且tanα,tanβ是方程x 2−mx +2=0的两个实根,则下列结论正确的是( )A. tanα+tanβ=−mB. m >2√2C. m +tanα≥4D. tan(α+β)=−m12. 设x ∈R ,则“2x 2+x −1>0”成立的一个充分不必要条件是( )A. x >12B. x <−1或x >12C. x <−2D. x <−1 三、单空题(本大题共4小题,共20.0分) 13. 已知△ABC 内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,若cosB =14,b =3,sinC =2sinA ,则△ABC 的面积为______.14. 已知幂函数y =f(x)的图象过点(12,√22),则log 2f(8)=______. 15. α,β都是锐角,sinα=12,cos(α+β)=12,则cosβ= ______ .16. 已知函数f(x)是定义在R 上的偶函数,当x ∈[0,+∞)时,f(x)是增函数,且f(−2)=0,则不等式f(x)<0的解集为______ .四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70.0分)17. 已知数列{a n },a n =p n +λq n (p >0,q >0,p ≠q,λ∈R,λ≠0,n ∈N ∗).(1)求证:数列{a n+1−pa n }为等比数列;(2)数列{a n }中,是否存在连续的三项,这三项构成等比数列?试说明理由;(3)设A ={(n,b n )|b n =3n +k n ,n ∈N ∗},其中k 为常数,且k ∈N ∗,B ={(n,c n )|c n =5n ,n ∈N ∗},求A ∩B .18. 设函数f(x)=x 3+1x+1,x ∈[0,1],证明:(Ⅰ)f(x)≥1−x +x 2(Ⅱ)34<f(x)≤32.19. 已知函数f(x)=Asin(x +π4),x ∈R ,且f(0)=1.(1)求A 的值;(2)若f(α)=−15,α是第二象限角,求cosα.20. 已知f(x)=Asin(ωx +φ)+1(x ∈R,A >0,ω>0,0<φ<π2)的最小正周期为π,且图象上的一个最低点为M(2π3,−1).(1)求f(x)的解析式;(2)已知f(α2)=13,α∈[0,π],求cosα的值.21. 已知△P 1P 2P 3三个顶点的坐标分别为P 1(cosα,sinα),P 2(cosβ,sinβ),P 3(cosγ,sinγ),且OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =0⃗ (O 为坐标原点). (1)求∠P 1OP 2的大小;(2)试判断△P 1P 2P 3的形状.22. 已知t 为实数,函数f(x)=2log a (2x +t −2),g(x)=log a x ,其中0<a <1.(1)若|g(m)|=|g(n)|,且m ≠n ,求mn 的值;(2)若函数g(√x 2+1+kx)具有奇偶性,求实数k 的值;(3)当x ∈[1,9]时,函数f(x)的图象始终在函数g(x)的图象的下方,求实数t 的取值范围;参考答案及解析1.答案:B解析:解:设扇形的圆心角大小为α(rad),半径为r,则r=α,可得扇形的面积为S=12r2α=12×α2×α=4.解得:扇形的圆心角大小为α=2.故选:B.由题意根据扇形的面积公式即可求解.本题是基础题,考查扇形面积的求法,注意题意的正确理解,考查计算能力.2.答案:D解析:解:设树苗可以放置的两个最佳坑位的编号为x则各位同学从各自树坑前来领取树苗所走的路程总和为:S=|1−x|×10+|2−x|×10+⋯+|20−x|×10若S取最小值,则函数y=(1−x)2+(2−x)2+⋯+(20−x)2=20x2−420x+(12+22+⋯+ 202)也取最小值由二次函数的性质,可得函数y=20x2−420x+(12+22+⋯+202)的对称轴为y=10.5又∵为正整数,故x=10或11故选D3.答案:D解析:解:由题意得:x+1≥0,解得:x≥−1,故函数的定义域是[−1,+∞),故选:D.根据二次根式的性质求出函数的定义域即可.本题考查了二次根式的性质,考查函数的定义域问题,是一道基础题.4.答案:D解析:解:根据角θ的终边在直线y=−2x上知,tanθ=−2,所以cos2θ=cos2θ−sin2θ=cos2θ−sin2θsin2θ+cos2θ=1−tan2θtan2θ+1=1−(−2)2 (−2)2+1=−35.故选:D.根据题意求出tanθ的值,再计算cos2θ的值.本题主要考查了同角三角函数的基本关系与二倍角公式应用问题,是基础题.5.答案:D解析:本题主要考查充分条件和必要条件的判断,结合直线平行的等价条件求出a的值是解决本题的关键,属于基础题.根据直线平行的等价条件求出a的值,结合充分条件和必要条件的定义进行判断即可.解:当a=0时,直线ax+2y−1=0与x+(a+1)y+2=0平行,等价为直线2y−1=0与直线x+y+2=0平行,但此时两直线不平行,故不满足题意;当a≠0时,若直线ax+2y−1=0与x+(a+1)y+2=0平行,则满足1a =a+12≠2−1,由1a =a+12得a2+a−2=0,得a=1或a=−2,由a+12≠−2得a≠−5,则若直线ax+2y−1=0与x+(a+1)y+2=0平行,则a=1或a=−2,则“a=2”是“直线ax+2y−1=0与x+(a+1)y+2=0平行”的既不充分也不必要条件,故选:D.6.答案:B解析:解:设f(x)=t,(t>0)则由y=f[f(x)]−4m=0得f[f(x)]=4m,即f(t)=4m,则m(|t−2|+|t−4|)=4m,则|t−2|+|t−4|=4,得t=5,或t=1,若t =1,则f(x)=m(|x −2|+|x −4|)=1,即|x −2|+|x −4|=1m , 若t =5,则f(x)=m(|x −2|+|x −4|)=5,即|x −2|+|x −4|=5m ,设g(x)=|x −2|+|x −4|,(x ≥0),∵函数f(x)是偶函数,∴要使函数y =f[f(x)]−4m 恰有4个零点,则等价为当x ≥0时,函数y =f[f(x)]−4m 恰有2个零点,作出g(x)在[0,+∞)上的图象如图:①{1m <22<5m <6,即{m >1256<m <52,即56<m <52,②{1m >65m >6,即{0<m <160<m <56,即0<m <16,综上实数m 的取值范围是(0,16)∪(56,52),故选:B.利用换元法将函数进行转化,利用数形结合以及分类讨论进行求解即可.本题主要考查函数与方程的应用,利用换元法结合函数与方程之间的关系,利用数形结合以及分类讨论进行求解是解决本题的关键.综合性较强,难度较大.7.答案:B=2cos2x−1=cos2x,解析:解:由二倍角公式得f(x)=2cos2x(cosx+1)−(cosx+1)cosx+1=π,∴T=2π2故函数f(x)的最小正周期是π.故选:B.本题化简是关键.对于分子的化简,前两项提取公因式,第三项考虑有半角出现从而考虑二倍角公式.本题要求学生能熟练使用二倍角公式进行化简,会求函数最小正周期,是简单题.8.答案:B解析:本题考查函数的奇偶性与单调性,属于基础题.由函数y=−x2是开口向下的一条抛物线,即可求解.解:∵y=−x2是开口向下的一条抛物线,∴y=−x2在(−∞,0)上为增函数,(0,+∞)上为减函数,不妨设y=f(x)=−x2,则f(−x)=−(−x)2=−x2=f(x),∴f(x)为偶函数.故选B.9.答案:AC解析:本题主要考查了函数奇偶性的定义在奇偶性的判断中的应用,属于基础题.由题意可知f(−x)=−f(x),g(−x)=g(x),然后分别检验各选项即可判断.解:由题意可知f(−x)=−f(x),g(−x)=g(x),对于选项A,f(−x)⋅g(−x)=−f(x)⋅g(x),所以f(x)g(x)是奇函数,故A项正确;对于选项B ,|f(−x)|⋅g(−x)=|−f(x)|⋅g(x)=|f(x)|⋅g(x),所以|f(x)|g(x)是偶函数,故B 项错误;对于选项C ,f(−x)|g(−x)|=−f(x)|g(x)|,所以f(x)|g(x)|是奇函数,故C 项正确;对于选项D ,|f(−x)⋅g(−x)|=|−f(x)g(x)|=|f(x)g(x)|,所以|f(x)g(x)|是偶函数,故D 项错误,故选:AC .10.答案:AC解析:根据a =b 可求出此时x 的值,然后代入解析式即可比较a 与c 的大小,作出a =x 12,b =(12)x ,c =log 12x 的图象,结合图象可比较a 与c 的大小.本题主要考查了两数的大小比较,同时考查了数形结合的数学思想和转化能力,属于较难题. 解:当a =b 时,x =12,此时c =log 12x =log 1212=1,a =(12)12=√22<1, 所以当a =b 时,有c >a ;作出a =x 12,b =(12)x ,c =log 12x 的图象如下图:当b =c 时,即两图象在交点A 处相等,设交点横坐标为t ,此时t 12>log 12t , 所以a >c .故选:AC .11.答案:BCD解析:本题主要考查两角和与差的正切公式,韦达定理,基本不等式的应用,属于中档题.由题意利用两角和与差的正切公式,韦达定理,基本不等式,得出结论.解:∵0<α<β<π2,且tanα,tanβ是方程x2−mx+2=0的两不等实根,∴tanα+tanβ=m>0,故A错误;tanα⋅tanβ=2,tan(α+β)=tanα+tanβ1−tanα⋅tanβ=m1−2=−m,故D正确;∴m=tanα+tanβ>2√tanα⋅tanβ=2√2,故B正确;m+tanα=2tanα+tanβ≥2√2tanα⋅tanβ=4,当且仅当2tanα=tanβ时,等号成立,故C正确.故选:BCD.12.答案:ACD解析:不等式2x2+x−1>0成立的一个充分不必要条件,对应的x范围应该是集合A的真子集,直接判断即可得到答案.本题考查的知识点是必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断,一元二次不等式的解法,其中熟练掌握必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的定义,是解答本题的关键.解:解不等式2x2+x−1>0,得x<−1或x>12,则不等式的解集为A={x|x<−1或x>12},因此,不等式2x2+x−1>0成立的一个充分不必要条件,对应的x范围应该是集合A的真子集,故A,C,D符合,故选:ACD.13.答案:9√1516解析:本题考查三角形的面积,涉及正余弦定理的应用,属基础题.由题意和正余弦定理可得a,c的值,由同角三角函数的基本关系可得sinB,代入三角形的面积公式计算可得.解:在△ABC中由正弦定理可知:asinA =bsinB=csinC=2R,由sinC =2sinA 得c =2a ,cosB =14,sinB =√1−cos 2B =√154, 由余弦定理可知:b 2=a 2+c 2−2accosB ,即32=a 2+(2a)2−2a ⋅2a ×14, 解得a =32,c =3,△ABC 的面积S =12acsinB =12×32×3×√154=9√1516, 故答案为:9√1516. 14.答案:32解析:解:设函数的解析式是y =x α,代入(12,√22)得: (12)α=√22,解得:α=12, 故f(8)=812,故log 2f(8)=32,故答案为:32.求出函数的解析式,求出f(8)的值,代入即可.本题考查了求函数的解析式问题,考查幂函数的定义以及对数的运算,是一道基础题.15.答案:√32 解析:解:∵α,β都是锐角,sinα=12,cos(α+β)=12,∴α=π6,α+β=π3, ∴β=π6, cosβ=√32. 故答案为:√32. 依题意,可求得α=π6,α+β=π3,从而可得β=π6,于是可求答案.本题考查特殊角的三角函数,求得β=π6是关键(当然,也可以利用两角差的余弦),属于基础题.16.答案:(−2,2)解析:解:根据题意,函数f(x)是定义在R 上的偶函数,且f(−2)=0, 则f(−2)=f(2)=0,又由当x ∈[0,+∞)时,f(x)是增函数, 则f(x)<0⇒f(x)<f(2)⇒|x|<2, 解可得:−2<x <2, 即不等式的解集为(−2,2). 故答案为:(−2,2).根据题意,由函数的奇偶性可得f(2)=f(−2)=0,结合函数的单调性分析可得f(x)<0⇒f(x)<f(2)⇒|x|<2,解可得x 的取值范围,即可得答案.本题主要考查函数的奇偶性与单调性的综合应用,关键是得到关于x 的不等式,属于中档题.17.答案:解:(1)∵a n =p n +λq n ,∴a n+1−pa n =p n+1+λq n+1−p(p n +λq n )=λq n (q −p), ∵λ≠0,q >0,p ≠q ∴a n+2−pa n+1a n+1−pa n=q 为常数∴数列{a n+1−pa n }为等比数列(2)取数列{a n }的连续三项a n ,a n+1,a n+2(n ≥1,n ∈N ∗),∵a n+12−a n a n+2=(p n+1+λq n+1)2−(p n +λq n )(p n+2+λq n+2)=−λp n q n (p −q)2,∵p >0,q >0,p ≠q ,λ≠0,∴−λp n q n (p −q)2≠0,即a n+12≠a n a n+2,∴数列{a n }中不存在连续三项构成等比数列;(3)当k =1时,3n +k n =3n +1<5n ,此时B ∩C =⌀;当k =3时,3n +k n =3n +3n =2⋅3n 为偶数;而5n 为奇数,此时B ∩C =⌀; 当k ≥5时,3n +k n >5n ,此时B ∩C =⌀; 当k =2时,3n +2n =5n ,发现n =1符合要求, 下面证明唯一性(即只有n =1符合要求). 由3n +2n =5n 得(35)n +(25)n =1,设f(x)=(35)x +(25)x ,则f(x)=(35)x +(25)x 是R 上的减函数, ∴f(x)=1的解只有一个从而当且仅当n =1时(35)n +(25)n =1, 即3n +2n =5n ,此时B ∩C ={(1,5)};当k =4时,3n +4n =5n ,发现n =2符合要求, 下面同理可证明唯一性(即只有n =2符合要求). 从而当且仅当n =2时(35)n +(45)n =1, 即3n +4n =5n ,此时B ∩C ={(2,25)}; 综上,当k =1,k =3或k ≥5时,B ∩C =⌀; 当k =2时,B ∩C ={(1,5)}, 当k =4时,B ∩C ={(2,25)}.解析:(1)根据a n =p n +λq n 可得a n+1−pa n 的表达式,整理可得a n+2−pa n+1a n+1−pa n为常数,进而可判断数列{a n+1−pa n }为等比数列.(2)取数列{a n }的连续三项a n ,a n+1,a n+2把a n =p n +λq n 代入a n+12−a n a n+2整理可知结果不为0,进而可判断a n+12≠a n a n+2,即数列{a n }中不存在连续三项构成等比数列;(3)由3n +2n =5n 整理得(35)n +(25)n =1,设f(x)=(35)x +(25)x 则可知f(x)为减函数,故可判定f(x)=1的解只有一个,从而当且仅当n =1,3n +2n =5n 成立,同样的道理可证当k =1,k =3或k ≥5时,B ∩C =⌀;当k =2时,B ∩C ={(1,5)},当k =4时,B ∩C ={(2,25)}. 本题主要考查了等比数列的确定和集合的相关知识.考查了学生分析和运算能力.18.答案:(Ⅰ)证明:因为f(x)=x 3+1x+1,x ∈[0,1],且1−x +x 2−x 3=1−(−x)41−(−x)=1−x 41+x,因为1−x 41+x≤11+x ,所以1−x +x 2−x 3≤1x+1, 即f(x)≥1−x +x 2;(Ⅱ)证明:因为0≤x ≤1,所以x 3≤x , 所以f(x)=x 3+1x+1≤x +1x+1=x +1x+1−32+32=(x−1)(2x+1)2(x+1)+32≤32;由(Ⅰ)得,f(x)≥1−x +x 2=(x −12)2+34≥34,且f(12)=(12)3+11+12=1924>34,所以f(x)>34; 综上,34<f(x)≤32.解析:(Ⅰ)根据题意,1−x +x 2−x 3=1−(−x)41−(−x),利用放缩法得1−x 41+x≤11+x ,即可证明结论成立;(Ⅱ)利用0≤x ≤1时x 3≤x ,证明f(x)≤32,再利用配方法证明f(x)≥34,结合函数的最小值得出f(x)>34,即证结论成立.本题主要考查了函数的单调性与最值,分段函数等基础知识,也考查了推理与论证,分析问题与解决问题的能力,是综合性题目.19.答案:解:(1)依题意,Asin π4=1…(2分),A ×√22=1…(3分),A =√2…(4分)(2)由(1)得,f(x)=√2sin(x +π4)…(5分) 由f(α)=−15得,sin(α+π4)=−√210…(6分)∵α是第二象限角, ∴2kπ+π2<α<2kπ+π,∴2kπ+3π4<α+π4<2kπ+5π4…(7分),∴α+π4是第二或第三象限角∵由sin(α+π4)=−√210<0,∴α+π4是第三象限角,∴cos(α+π4)=−√1−sin 2(α+π4)=−7√210…(9分)∴cosα=cos[(α+π4)−π4]=cos(α+π4)cos π4+sin(α+π4)sin π4=−7√210×√22−√210×√22=−45…(12分)解析:(1)由函数f(x)的解析式以及f(0)=1,求得A 的值.(2)由(1)得sin(α+π4)=−√210,求出cos(α+π4),将α用(α+π4)−π4表示,利用两角差的余弦展开求出值;本题考查三角函数的恒等变换,同角三角函数的关系式,两角差的余弦公式,属于中档题.20.答案:解:(1)由f(x)=Asin(ωx +φ)+1的最小正周期为π,则有T =2πω=π,得ω=2.∴f(x)=Asin(2x +φ)+1,∵函数图象有一个最低点M(2π3,−1),A >0, ∴A =2,且2sin(2×2π3+φ)+1=−1,则有2×2π3+φ=3π2+2kπ,k ∈Z ,解得:φ=π6+2kπ,k ∈Z , ∵0<φ<π2, ∴φ=π6,∴f(x)=2sin(2x +π6)+1;(2)由f(α2)=13,得2sin(α+π6)+1=13,得sin(α+π6)=−13. ∵0≤α≤π, ∴π6≤α+π6≤76π,又sin(α+π6)<0,∴cos(α+π6)=−√1−sin 2(α+π6)=−2√23.∴cosα=[cos(α+π6)−π6]=cos(α+π6)cos π6+sin(α+π6)sin π6=−2√23×√32−13×12=−1+2√66. 解析:(1)由f(x)=Asin(ωx +φ)+1的周期为π,求出ω,再由f(x)图象有一个最低点M(2π3,−1)列式求得φ,则三角函数的解析式可求;(2)把f(α2)=13代入函数解析式,求得sin(α+π6)=−13,结合α的范围求得cos(α+π6)的值,然后由两角差的余弦得答案.本题考查了利用三角函数的部分图象求函数解析式,考查了同角三角函数基本关系式的应用,考查了已知三角函数值求其它三角函数的值,是中档题. 21.答案:解:(1)由题意可得|OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=1,∵OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =−OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ , ∴(OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )2=OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2, ∴OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2+2OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2=OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2, ∴2OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =−1,即OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =−12, ∴cos∠P 1OP 2=OP1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |⋅|OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=−12, ∵∠P 1OP 2∈(0,π), ∴∠P 1OP 2=2π3.(2)∵P 1P 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,∴|P 1P 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=√(OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ )2=√OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2−2OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 2=√3, 同理可得,|P 1P 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|P 2P 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=√3, ∴△P 1P 2P 3的形状为等边三角形.解析:(1)由题意可得|OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=1,又OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ +OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =−OP 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,两边平方可求OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =−12,从而可求cos∠P 1OP 2=OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⋅OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |⋅|OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=−12,结合范围∠P 1OP 2∈(0,π),即可求解∠P 1OP 2的值.(2)利用向量的运算可得P 1P 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ =OP 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ −OP 1⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ,计算可求|P 1P 2⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|P 1P 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=|P 2P 3⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ |=√3,即可判断△P 1P 2P 3的形状.本题主要考查了三角形形状的判断,考查了向量的运算,属于中档题.22.答案:解:(1)∵|g(m)|=|g(n)|,且m ≠n ,∴g(m)=−g(n),即log a m =−log a n , 则log a m +log a n =log a mn =0, ∴mn =1.(2)设ℎ(x)=g(√x 2+1+kx)=log a (√x 2+1+kx), 若ℎ(x)是偶函数,则ℎ(x)=ℎ(−x)恒成立, 即log a (√x 2+1+kx)=log a (√x 2+1−kx), 则√x 2+1+kx =√x 2+1−kx 恒成立, kx =0恒成立,∴k =0.当k =0时,ℎ(x)=g(√x 2+1+kx)=log a √x 2+1为偶函数成立. 若ℎ(x)是奇函数,则ℎ(x)=−ℎ(−x)恒成立,即log a (√x 2+1+kx)+log a (√x 2+1−kx)=0, 则(√x 2+1+kx)(√x 2+1−kx)=1恒成立, 得(1−k 2)x 2=0恒成立,∴k =±1.当k =±1时,ℎ(x)=log a (√x 2+1±x),为奇函数成立. 综上,经检验:当k =0,±1时函数具有奇偶性.(3)当x ∈[1,9]时,函数f(x)的图象始终在函数g(x)的图象的下方, 即转化为2log a (2x +t −2)<log a x ,在x ∈[1,9]时恒成立, ∵0<a <1,∴y =log a x ,在定义域上单减, ∴转化为{2x +t −2>0√x >0在x ∈[1,9]时恒成立,∵√x >0,∴等价于2x +t −2>√x 在x ∈[1,9]时恒成立, 即t >−2x +√x +2在x ∈[1,9]时恒成立, 则t >(−2x +√x +2)max , y =−2x +√x +2=−2(√x −14)2+178在[1,9]单减,∴t >(−2x +√x +2)max =1. ∴t >1.解析:本题(1)利用对数函数的运算公式求解.(2)利用奇偶函数的定义得到等式后求k 的值,求出k 的值后需要检验. (3)利用转化思想转化为函数的最值问题求解,运算过程中需要分离参数.本题考查了对数函数的性质及运算公式,以及奇偶函数的定义式,和转化思想及分离参数求最值,综合性强,属于中档题.。

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高一期末复习2
1、海带中含有丰富的碘。

为了从海中提取碘,某研究性学习小组设计并进行了以下实验:
请填写下列空白:
(1)步骤①灼烧海带时,除需要三脚架外,还需要用到的实验仪器是
(从下列仪器中选出所需的仪器,用标号字母填写在空白处)。

A.烧杯 B.坩埚 C.表面皿 D.泥三角 E.酒精灯 F.干燥器
(2)步骤③的实验操作名称是;步骤⑥的目的是从含碘苯溶液中分离出单质碘和回收苯,该步骤的实验操作名称是。

(3)步骤④反应的离子方程式。

根据反应计算若得到25.4g的碘单质,理论上消耗MnO2 g。

(4)步骤⑤中,某学生选择用苯来提取碘的理由是。

该步骤中用到的玻璃仪器是。

(5)请设计一种检验提取碘后的水溶液中是否还有单质碘的简单方法:
2、海水的综合利用可以制备金属镁,其流程如图所示:
(1)若在空气中加热MgCl2·6H2O,生成的是Mg(OH)Cl或MgO,写出相应反应的化学方程式_____________________________________________________________。

用电解法制取金属镁时,需要无水氯化镁,在干燥的HCl气流中加热MgCl2·6H2O时,能得到无水MgCl2。

反应的化学方程式为__________________________________。

(2)为除去粗盐中的Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+、SO42+以及泥沙等杂质,某同学设计了一种制备精盐的实验方案,步骤如下(用于沉淀的试剂稍过量
..........)
a 判断BaCl 2已过量的方法是_______________________________ _________
b 、第④步中,相关的化学方程式是
c 、为检验精盐纯度,需配置精盐溶液右图是该同学转移溶液的示意图,图
中 的错误..
是_______________________________。

若配制150 mL 0.2 mol·L -1 NaCl(精盐)溶液,则要称量NaCl 的质量为 g.
(3)近年来有人提出了一种利用氯碱工业产品及氯化钠循环治理含二氧化
硫废气并回收二氧化硫的方法,该方法流程如下:
写出①②的化学反应方程式: ,
如何检验电解过程中产生的氯气: 。

3、某学生用下图所示装置制取氯气,并收集氯气进行实验。

请回答下列问题:
(1)装置A 中发生反应的化学方程式
__________________ 。

(2)装置B 如图中所示正放,则连接A 的接口
是 。

(填序号)
(3)实验中可观察到C 处石蕊试液的现象
是 ,其原因是 ________________
(4)取出B 中的集气瓶进行氯气与铁的反应实验,写出相应的化学方程式 。

(5)为了证明氯气的漂白性,设计如图所示实验:A 处通入氯气。

关闭B 阀时,C 处红色布条无变化,打开B 阀时,C 处红色布条褪色。

由此作出的判
断正确的是 ( )
A .D 中可以是浓硫酸
B .通入的氯气含有水份
C .
D 中可以是水
D .D 中可以是饱和食盐水
(6)有资料记载,用高锰酸钾和浓盐酸在室温下就能很快地放出氯气,由此说明二氧化锰和高锰酸钾中氧化性较强的是 _________ 。

(7)某化工厂一液氯罐发生泄漏,造成多人中毒。

液氯泄漏时,可采用防御自救措施是 ___________________
氯化钠溶液
电解
氢氧化钠溶液 氢气 氯气 吸收含SO 2废气 亚硫酸氢钠 HCl
氯化钠(原料) 回收SO 2 ① ② ③ ④
4、某溶液中可能含有Na+、K+、I-、SO42-、CO32-等离子中的全部或其中的几种,为确定其成分,现进行以下的连续操作:a、用洁净的铂丝蘸取溶液在无色火焰上灼烧,火焰呈黄色;b、溶液中通入氯气,溶液由无色变为棕黄色;c、为检验溶液中是否含有SO42-离子,往溶液中加入过量的稀硫酸后,无气体放出;再加入Ba(NO3)2溶液后,产生白色沉淀。

试填写下列空白:
(1) 原混合液中一定存在的离子是,一定不存在的离子是。

(2) 上述a~c的操作中,是错误的,应改为加以确定离子是否存在。

(3) 为确定离子是否存在,应补充的操作是
5、在250 mL KI溶液中通入一定量的氯气,再将所得溶液蒸干,并加热到质量不再减少为止,
称得固体质量为31.5 g,经实验分析所得固体含碘元素12.7g。

试计算:
(1)原KI溶液的物质的量浓度。

(2)参加反应的氯气在标准状况下的体积。

6、有一块表面已经氧化为Na2O的金属钠,质量是10.8 g,将它投入到水中,完全反应后,得到4mol/L的NaOH溶液100mL,求
(1)反应中产生的氢气的体积是多少?(标况下)
(2)该钠块中钠元素的百分含量?
7、氢氧化钡是一种使用广泛的化学试剂。

某课外小组通过下列实验测定某试样中Ba(OH)2·n H2O 的含量。

(1)称取3.50 g试样溶于蒸馏水配成100 mL溶液,从中取出10.0 mL溶液于锥形瓶中,与0.100 mol·L-1 HCl标准溶液反应,完全反应共消耗标准液20.0 mL(杂质不与酸反应),求
试样中氢氧化钡的物质的量。

(2)另取5.25 g试样加热至失去全部结晶水(杂质不分解),称得质量为3.09 g,求Ba(OH)2·n H2O 中的n值。

(3)试样中Ba(OH)2·n H2O的质量分数为
8、现有AlCl3和MgSO4混合溶液,向其中不断加入NaOH溶液,得到沉淀的量与加入NaOH 溶液的体积如图所示,试求原溶液中Cl-、SO42-的物质的量之比为。

9、将54.4g铁粉和氧化铁的混合物中加入200 mL的稀硫酸,恰好完全反应,放出氢气4.48L (标准状况)。

反应后的溶液中滴加KSCN不显红色,且无固体剩余物,求:
(1)混合物中铁和氧化铁各是多少克?
(2)原稀硫酸的物质的量浓度是?
(3)反应后得到FeSO4的物质的量是多少?。

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