专四阅读理解主旨题
专题04阅读理解之主旨大意学与练-备战2021高考英语复习阅读理解分类练习附答案详解
专题04阅读理解之主旨大意学与练-备战2021高考英语复习阅读理解分类练习Part 1 整体感知主旨大意题有一个明显的特点：要求学生通读全文，从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。
考查对象分为三大类：即篇标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落主旨大意题。
篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行提问，而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问。
主旨大意题考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，所以在阅读理解中难度较大。
一、选项特征1.正确选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。
2.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。
3.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
2.干扰选项特征1.过于笼统，不知所云所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。
2.以偏概全，主次不分所给选项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，或以文章中的细节信息或个别词作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3.移花接木，偷换概念所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上，若不留神，极易选错答案。
4.无中生有，生搬硬套所给选项的关键词虽然文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
二、主旨大意类题目常见的设问方式如下：1.The main idea/key point of this passage is that _____.2.The passage is mainly about_____.3.The best title/headline for this passage is ______.4.The topic/subject discussed in this passage is ______.5.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_____.6.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ______.7.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?8.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?Part 2 方法指导1.明确一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1.概括性——准确而有简短；2.针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3.醒目性——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
专业英语四级(阅读理解)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（阅读理解）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.B．After 1945.C．During the depression of the 1930’s.D．In 1966.正确答案：B解析：细节题。
第一段The depression of the 1930’s and the war had held back marriages．and the catching—up process began after 1945．经过二十世纪三十年代的经济危机，战争使结婚率下降，1945年之后爆发了婴儿潮。
3．The author suggests that in Canada during the 1950’s______.A．the urban population decreased rapidlyB．fewer people marriedC．economic conditions were poorD．the birth rate was very high正确答案：D解析：推理题．第一段The baby boom continued through the decade of the 1950’s，producing a population increase of nearly fifteen percent in the five years from 1951 to 1956．50年代一直持续着婴儿潮，从1951年到1956年人口增长为15％，我们可以推断出50年代加拿大的出生率很高。
4．The author mentions all of the following as causes of declines in population growth after 1957 EXCEPT______.A．people being better educatedB．people getting married earlierC．better standards of livingD．couples buying houses正确答案：B解析：细节题。
专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷25(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷25(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.The art teacher who accused Prince Harry of cheating has won her case against Eton College for unfair dismissal. Sarah Forsyth, 30, took the public school to an employment tribunal after her contract was not renewed. The tribunal yesterday upheld Ms. Forsyth’s claim that she had been bullied by Eton’s head of art, Ian Burke. But it rejected her allegations that Mr. Burke had ordered her to help Prince Harry cheat in his AS-level art by completing his written work for him. It also criticised as “unprofessional” her decision to secretly record a conversation with the prince on his way to his final exam to try to support her claim. Ms. Forsyth brought the case after the school, which charges ￡23 , 688 a year, decided not to renew her contract after the summer of 2003. She also accused Mr. Burke of bullying her and giving improper assistance to pupils during exams. At her hearing in May, Ms. Forsyth claimed she had written most of the text of the prince’s AS-level art coursework journal, something she said was “unethical and probably constituted cheating”. She also claimed Mr. Burke “touched up”aboriginal-inspired artwork which was displayed to the media as an example of Prince Harry’s work when the prince finished his time at Eton. The prince has strenuously denied any suggestion that he cheated and an investigation by the examination board found no evidence of any improper behaviour. In its 40-page judgment, the tribunal said it was for the exam board to rule whether cheating had occurred. While the report described Ms. Forsyth as consistent and “truthful”on the whole, it rejected her allegations about Prince Harry. It ruled that her relationship with Mr. Burke was so bad that it was not plausible that he would have tried to enlist her help in any attempt to cheat. It concluded that her account of the help she had given the prince was muddled and that Mr. Burke’s story was more believable. She claimed she had written a sample answer for the prince to use as a guide which, in her account, was given to Prince Harry, cut up and stuck in the journal. The tribunal sided with Mr. Burke, who said that Ms. Forsyth had not written the piece on her own but simply sat with Prince Harry and suggested vocabulary. However, the panel was critical of Mr. Burke and said its “inevitable conclusion”was Ms. Forsyth’s dismissal had been unreasonable. The panel said, “He did undermine and bully her. “Anthony Little, Eton’s headmaster, was criticised for failing to look at the case fairly. The school was criticised for failing to produce any written “capability procedure”to the tribunal.A spokesman for Eton said the school regretted its employment procedures had notbeen “up to scratch”, but said it was pleased the tribunal had rejected the “publicity-seeking” allegations regarding Prince Harry. He added the school would be calling for the tribunal to award no compensation to Ms. Forsyth, arguing she would have been dismissed for secretly tape-recording a conversation with a pupil.1．How do you describe the relationship between Sarah Forsyth and Mr. Burke?A．They are friends and colleagues.B．They are not in good relationships.C．Their relationship is quite bad.D．They like and help each other.正确答案：C解析：细节题.文章开始就提出了“…Ms．Forsyth’s claim that she had been bulliedby…Ian Burke．”可以判断出二者关系不好，否则不会上法庭，因此排除[A]、[D]。
英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析
英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析韩愈说过这样一句话：“业精于勤荒于嬉，行成于思毁于随””。
天才就是无止境刻苦勤奋的努力。
成绩优与良;才思浓与淡，都是由勤奋注定的。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专业四级阅读理解考试题及答案解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!As the merchant class expanded in the eighteenth?century North American Colonies, the silversmithand the coppersmith businesses rose to serve it.Only a few silversmiths were available in New Yorkor Boston in the late seventeenth century, but in theeighteenth century they could be found in all majorcolonial cities. No other colonial artisans rivaled thesilversmiths’ prestige. They handled the mostexpensive materials and possessed direct connections to prosperous colonial merchants. Theirproducts, primarily silver plates and bowls, reflected their exalted status and testified to theircustomers’ prominence. Silver stood as one of the surest ways to store wealth at a time beforeneighborhood banks existed. Unlike the silver coins from which they were made, silver articleswere readily identifiable. Often formed to individual specifications, they always carried thesilversmith’s distinctive markings and consequently could be traced and retrieved.Customers generally secure the silver for the silver object they ordered. They saved coins, tookthem to smiths, and discussed the type of pieces they desired. Silversmiths complied with theserequests by melting the money in a small furnace, adding a bit of copper to form a strongeralloy, and casting the alloy in rectangular blocks. They hammered these ingots to theappropriate thickness by hand, shaped them and pressed designs into them for adornment.Engraving was alsodone by hand. In addition to plates and bowls, some customers soughtmore intricate products, such as silver teapots. These were made by shaping or casting partsseparately and then soldering them together. Colonial coppersmithing also come of age in theearly eighteenth century and prospered in northern cities. Copper’s ability to conduct heatefficiently and to resist corrosion contributed to its attractiveness. But because it wasexpensive in colonial America, coppersmiths were never very numerous. Virtually all copperworked by Smiths was imported as sheets or obtained by recycling old copper goods. Copperwas used for practical items, but it was not admired for its beauty. Coppersmiths employed it tofashion pots and kettles for the home. They shaped it in much the same manner as silver ormelted it in a foundry with lead or tin. They also mixed it with zinc to make brass for maritimeand scientific instruments.?1、According to the passage, which of the following eighteenth century developments had strongimpact on silversmithsA. A decrease in the cost of silver.B. The invention of heat efficient furnaces.C. The growing economic prosperity of colonial merchants.D. The development of new tools used to shape silver.2.In colonial America, where did silversmiths usually obtain the material to make silver articles? ?A. From their own mines.B. From importers.C. From other silversmiths.D. From customers.3.The passage mentions all of the following as uses for copper in Colonial America EXCEPT ______A. cooking potsB. scientific instrumentsC. musical instrumentsD. maritime instruments4.According to the passage, silversmiths and coppersmiths in colonial America were similar inwhich of the following waysA. The amount of social prestige they had.B. The way they shaped the metal they worked with. ?C. The cost of the goods they made.D. The practicality of the goods they made.参考答案：1. C) 根据文章第一句“As the merchant classexpanded in the eighteenth?century North AmericanColonies,...”可知，随着在十八世纪的北美殖民地商人阶级膨胀起来，也就是说那时的商人财富有了很大的发展，银匠铜匠们有机会发挥他们的.专长了，这与选项C正好相符。
专四阅读理解主旨题
专业四级阅读之主旨题李慧（上海财经大学浙江学院浙江金华 321013）【摘要】主旨题主要考查的是对文章的主题思想、作品的基调以及文章大意的理解和掌握情况。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括总结，在专业四级阅读试题中属于偏难试题。
本文将从主旨题常见误区谈起，结合实例，逐步得出解析主旨题行之有效的方法。
【关键词】主旨题；中心思想；中心句专业四级阅读试题之主旨题在整个考试中虽然所占比重不比细节题（主旨题所占比例大约在5%到20%之间，而细节题则为50%左右）大，但是却相当有难度。
主旨题是考查学生对阅读材料进行归纳、综合和分析的能力，一般涉及文章的中心思想，标题以及作者的写作意图。
它要求学生在理解全文的基础能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的总结概括，属于高层次题型。
本文将从主旨题常见误区谈起，结合实例，逐步得出解析主旨题行之有效的方法。
一、常见误区主旨题的正确选项应该概括全文，内容全面，含义深刻，说明道理且表达尺度恰当。
而在做题过程中，会出现各种与主题偏离、词不达意等错误选项。
主旨题中常见做题误区有以下几点：1.以偏概全，即只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的评论；2.断章取义，即干扰项通常以文章中的个别信息，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观念；3.主题扩大，即干扰项所归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容；4.张冠李戴，即命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B 上，从而构成干扰项；5.无中生有，似是而非，即有的干扰项中的关键词好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后，会发现该干扰项与文章内容毫无联系。
以上常见干扰项将通过以下三个例子进行说明：例一：Psychologists agree that IQ contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. a full 80 percent comes form other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed.(2005,TEXTD)100. What is the best title for the passage?A: what is Emotional IntelligenceB: How to Develop Emotional IntelligenceC: Strategies for Getting Rid of Foul MoodsD: How to control one's gut feelings.【分析】通过分析，该段为中心思想段。
专四阅读答案
1- 答案解析：1. B) 这是一道主旨题。
通过阅读文章可知，为了保护冰川国家公园的濒危物种和资源，公园当局和地方土地所有者制订了限制土地使用计划，故答案为B。
2. D) 这是一道细节题。
根据第一段第三句“This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park.”（这片土地是非常重要的，因为这里是几种经常光顾此公园的濒危物种的栖息地和迁徙路线。
）可知选项D为正确答案。
3. C) 根据第二段可知，公园当局和地方土地所有者密切合作来保护资源，因此他们的关系是"cooperative" (合作性的)。
4. A) 这是一道推理题。
根据第二段第三句和阅读全文，我们很容易就可以得到这样一个信息：为了保护自然资源和濒危物种，公园管理者限制那些会破坏资源的土地开发。
因此选项A为正确答案。
2-1. D) 根据文章第一段第五行“Perhaps the painters thought that their pictures w ould help them to catch these animals.”可知古代人以为在墙上画画会对他们有所帮助，故选项D为正确答案。
2. C) 在做此类题时要注意题干的要求。
通过阅读文章第四段很清楚就知道选项C “前者容易发音”在文中没有提及，故为正确答案。
3. A) 可用排除法来做本题。
通过阅读文章很清楚选项B和D为错误陈述。
选项C “罗马字母是从埃及字母发展而来的”根据文章第四段第四，五句可知为错误论述，因此只有选项A 为正确答案。
4. C) 文章最后一段讲述了图画在今天的用途，故选项C为正确答案3-1. A) 这是一道主旨题。
根据文章第一句“There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece.”及第三段第一句“Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling.”可知本文是讨论戏剧的起源的。
专四阅读常考类型
专四阅读常考类型专四阅读常考类型引导语：为了帮助大家更好的备考专业英语四级考试，应届毕业培训网整理了一些专四阅读常考题型，以供大家参考学习。
一、主旨类实考真题In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being “tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics.” Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones). The meaning of the verb tantalize is a very particular one: “to promise or show something desirable to a person and then take it away; to tease by arousing hope.” Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a word’s origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the following explanation is given: [> Tantalus]. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to fi nd out the word’s origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst; he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach.Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning “to tease or torment by arousing desire”?Another example is the word siren, familiar to us as the mechanical device that makes such an alarming sound when police cars, ambulances, or fi re engines approach. This word also has its origins in Greek mythology. The traveler Odysseus (Ulysses to the Romans) made his men plug their ears so that theywouldn’t hear the dangerous voices of the sirens, creatures who were half bird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks. So the word came to be associated both with a loud sound and with danger!When someone speaks of a “jovial mood” or a “herculean effort”, he or she is using words with origins in mythology. Look these words up to fi nd their meaning and relationship to myths.Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods, Woden, and Thursday was originally Thor’s day, in honour of Thor, the god of thunder.As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology, including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was called after the Roman god of the dead. This god has also given his name to one of the chemical elements. Several other elements have names that come from mythology, too.It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language.89. Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?A. Greek and Roman Mythology in Language.B. Mythological Origins of English Words.C. Historical Changes in Word Meanings.D. Mythology and Common Words.解析：答案B。
2023英语专四阅读练习及答案汇总
2023英语专四阅读练习及答案汇总2023英语专四阅读练习及答案汇总成长与家庭危机The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.1. According to the passage, children would arouse parents' disappointment forB. talking back to their parents.C. plaining home-made dishes.D. making some spiteful remark.2. When adolescents feel disillusion with their parents, it means that theyA. feel disappointed with their parents.B. are developing into maturity.C. just want to hurt their parents.D. are expressing their discontentment.3. Adolescents in Victorian timesA. had shown more respect for parents than today.B. always answered back to deal with the problem.C. admired the authoritarian attitude of their parents.D. were too afraid to tell what they really thought.4. What is the tone of the passage?A. Critical.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Ambiguous.5. What does this passage mainly discuss?A. Children will bee more and more mature when growing up.B. Parents have to change their ways in educating their children.C. The conflicts between parents and their children are inevitable.D. Parents have made mistakes in munication with children.答案解析：1.[A]细节判断题。
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专业四级阅读之主旨题李慧（上海财经大学浙江学院浙江金华 321013）【摘要】主旨题主要考查的是对文章的主题思想、作品的基调以及文章大意的理解和掌握情况。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括总结，在专业四级阅读试题中属于偏难试题。
本文将从主旨题常见误区谈起，结合实例，逐步得出解析主旨题行之有效的方法。
【关键词】主旨题；中心思想；中心句专业四级阅读试题之主旨题在整个考试中虽然所占比重不比细节题（主旨题所占比例大约在5%到20%之间，而细节题则为50%左右）大，但是却相当有难度。
主旨题是考查学生对阅读材料进行归纳、综合和分析的能力，一般涉及文章的中心思想，标题以及作者的写作意图。
它要求学生在理解全文的基础能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的总结概括，属于高层次题型。
本文将从主旨题常见误区谈起，结合实例，逐步得出解析主旨题行之有效的方法。
一、常见误区主旨题的正确选项应该概括全文，内容全面，含义深刻，说明道理且表达尺度恰当。
而在做题过程中，会出现各种与主题偏离、词不达意等错误选项。
主旨题中常见做题误区有以下几点：1.以偏概全，即只是局部信息，或是一句没有展开论述的评论；2.断章取义，即干扰项通常以文章中的个别信息，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观念；3.主题扩大，即干扰项所归纳概括的范围过大，超过文章实际讨论的内容；4.张冠李戴，即命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B 上，从而构成干扰项；5.无中生有，似是而非，即有的干扰项中的关键词好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后，会发现该干扰项与文章内容毫无联系。
以上常见干扰项将通过以下三个例子进行说明：例一：Psychologists agree that IQ contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. a full 80 percent comes form other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed.(2005,TEXTD)100. What is the best title for the passage?A: what is Emotional IntelligenceB: How to Develop Emotional IntelligenceC: Strategies for Getting Rid of Foul MoodsD: How to control one's gut feelings.【分析】通过分析，该段为中心思想段。
选项C和选项D对文中其他支撑段落的总结，属于断章取义。
对比选项A和B，what可以包括what和how,而how 就只能讲方法，范围过小，故答案为A。
例二：Three are various ways in which individual economic units can interact with one another. Three basic ways may be described as the market system, the administered system, and the traditional system.In a market system......An alternative to the market system is administrative control.....In a traditional society, production and consumption patterns are governed by tradition......Q：What is the main purpose of the passage?A: to outline contrasting types of economic systems.B: to explain the science of economicsC: to argue for the superiority of one economic system.D: to compare barter and money-exchange markets.【分析】通过分析，不难发现第一段为中心思想段。
本文主要介绍三大经济制度，即市场经济、宏观调控以及传统经济。
选项B意为经济学，属于主题扩大；选项C侧重一种经济体制，属于以偏概全；选项D以第二段中的细节作为主题，则属于断章取义，故答案为A。
例三：In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well. First. Let’s talk about culture. ...This has several implications...Texting changes people as well.........Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language... ......（2006，TEXTA)85 an appropriate title for the passage might beA: the SMS effectB: cultural implication of mobile useC: change in the use of the mobileD: body language and the mobile phone【分析】通过跳读文章结构，得知第一段为主题思想段。
本文讲的是使用手机不仅正改变我们的文化，而且也改变我们的身体语言。
而这些变化的背后都有一定的文化implications。
选项A只提到短信效应，属于以偏概全；选项C指的是使用手机的变化，为无中生有，近似而非；选项D只提到一个方面和手机的关系，属于张冠李戴，故答案为B。
二、题型特征主旨大意题旨在考查考生的归纳总结能力以及对文章整体上的理解把握能力，这类题目常就文章的主要内容、主题或标题进行设问。
此类题型又可细分为主题型主旨大意题、标题型主旨大意题和目的型主旨大意题。
常见的题干形式有1. 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式：1) The main idea (central idea) of the message is ...2) The passage is mainly/concerned primarily about ....3) Which of the following statements can be best summarized/expressed /summed up the main idea of the passage ?2. 目的类的主旨大意题1) The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ...2) The passage is meant to ...3 The purpose of the article is to ...3.标题类主旨大意题1) The best title for the passage might/would be ...2) Which of the following titles best summarize the main idea of the passage?三、解题方法主旨题有关整篇文章的中心思想，需要宏观把握。
解题的主要方法有以下两种。
第一，采用跳读或略读的方法快速浏览文章的开头、结尾以及段落的主题句(topic sentence)。
第二，在寻找主题思想的过程中，利用相关带有转折、赞同、递进或举例的关键词，寻找出作者做出的直接的或间接的评论。
（一）认清主题句抓主题思想，需要考生首先学会识别具有根本性和概括性的信息。
这种信息应能归纳和总结文中其他信息所具有的共性。
例四：choose the most general sentenceA．The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7to 10a．m．daily．B．There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Inn．C．The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board．D.There are a number of extra services at the Inn including baby-sitting．【分析】选项A、C、D都从不同侧面说明旅馆的服务情况，相互间并无联系。
而B却概括了A、C、D共性的东西，即为什么旅客在这家旅馆有种宾至如归的感觉。
因此，B符合提议，倘若在一段文章里出现了着四个选项，那么B就是该段的中心思想。
（二）判断段落主题句的位置一段文章的中心思想通常是由主题句（topic sentence)来表述的。
主题句一般位于段首，段尾或段落中间。
例五：many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods。
Woden, and Thursday was originally Thor's Day, in honor of Thor, the god of thunder.（2008,TEXTB)【分析】本段首句为主题句，其后的内容均为说明首句。
例六:Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do．Others prefer to be left to work on their own．Still others like a democratic discussion type of class．No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time．【分析】本段中心思想在结尾处得到体现，它是此段内容的结论。