2019年静安区高三英语二模(含答案)
2019届上海市静安区高三二模考试英语试题(word版)
2019届上海市静安区高三二模考试英语学科试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
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I Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress ____21____(capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the ____22____(influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years____23____(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands ____24____the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. ____25____Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time ____26____(devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior. ____27____the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits ____28____(total) 165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, ____29____success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to _____30_____(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.【答案】21. was captured22. most influential23. to come24. beyond 25. Although26. devoted27. How 28. totaled29. whose 30. bettingSection B.Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. Robots could ____31____ people in highly competitive games and then quickly destroyed their human competitors.AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik's cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.Now machines have a new game that will allow them to ____32____ humans: Jenga, the popular game in which players ____33____remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks, placing each one on top until the entire structure would ____34____.A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school’s engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper(夹子), a force-sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tower’s ____35____ the way a human might doUnlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jenga also requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. It must ____36____ interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learnhow and when to move blocks.Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with the real Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics. Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain tasks through actual touching instead of relying heavily on visual ____37____. That physical ____38____ is significant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform ____39____ tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain _____40_____ players—for now.【答案】31. I. 32. D33. B 34. K35. E 36. A37. J 38. F39. C 40. GIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A(15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists _____50_____ it. Computers track farm operations, and even _____51_____ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, _____52_____. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often _____53_____ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) _____54_____ situation. The government responded with _____55_____ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41. A. valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute44. A. maintained B. margined C. depressed D. refunded45. A. take over B. cover up for C. come up with D. smooth out46. A. varied B. favorable C. extreme D. visible47. A. moderate B. predictable C. timely D. acid48. A. labor B. investment C. chemical D. landscape49. A. complicated B. flexible C. accessible D. executive50. A. criticize B. recall C. evaluate D. identify51. A. medical B. mobile C. space D. process52. A. for example B. in all C. however D. additionally53. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. reduced to D. applied to54. A. vague B. desperate C. isolated D. feasible55. A. struggling B. traditional C. sweeping D. permanent【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. CSection B(24分)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But c hildbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain—were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly."So, let’s talk a little.”Instantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirstein came to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.A. The process of giving birth put her life in danger.B. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.C. Her disease will threaten the health of her children.D. She already has enough children.57. Why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .A. Because she not qualified to treat her disease.B. Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.58. How did the author deal with the disease?A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the diseaseD. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of diseaseC. Because she received a gift every day from her familyD. Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.【答案】56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B(B)While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.Vulture(秃鸳)Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.Opossum(负鼠)In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.Hoatzin(磨雉)Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink birdMillipedes (千足虫)Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.Sea Hare(海兔)The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobstersreceptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.60. The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink birdD. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless62. The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is____.A. vultureB. opossumC. millipedeD. sea hare【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C(C)ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear inthis landscape.All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR."You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield d irect dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.63. How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B. It was long under the threat of large-scale warsC. Its rise and decline were under way peacefullyD. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war64. The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.A. miseryB. revolutionC. population decreaseD. opposition65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works66. The passage is mainly about ____.A. people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC. the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.【答案】63. C 64. D 65. D 66. BSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most excitingversions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must b e killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.A. The animals, to some extent, become tools to us.B. Although violence against zoo animals is often reported, the issue of animal welfare has aroused little attention recently.C. By taking a selfie, you show that you're part of that experience.D. The comparison between caged animals and wild ones are appealing to people.E. Similar incidents are a regular occurrence in natural settings.F. The common factor is that some people are not respecting animal.【答案】67. E 68. A69. C 70. FIV Summary Writing71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worriedthat they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________【答案】Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about ad ditional workload on colleagues.The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.第Ⅱ卷(共40分)V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。
2019静安区英语二模卷
2019静安区英语二模卷1、You are getting too old for football.You had better _____tennis instead. [单选题] *A.take up(正确答案)B.take inC.take forD.take over2、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?? ? ? --like peaches best. [单选题] *A. fruit(正确答案)B. vegetablesC. drinkD. plants3、John and Jack had looked for the key, but _____ of them found it. [单选题] *A. noneB. neither(正确答案)C. bothD. either4、Jane and Tom _______ my friends. [单选题] *A. amB. isC. are(正确答案)D. was5、My father and I often go ______ on weekends so I can ______ very well. （）[单选题] *A. swim; swimmingB. swims; swimC. swimming; swimmingD. swimming; swim(正确答案)6、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the7、The managing director took the（）for the accident, although it was not his fault. [单选题] *A. GuiltB. charge(正确答案)C. blameD. accusation8、---Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I’ll have Bob ____you to your room. [单选题] *A. show(正确答案)B. showsC. to showD. showing9、If you want to be successful one day, you have to seize every _______ to realize your dream. [单选题] *A. changeB. chance(正确答案)C. chairD. check10、I paid twenty yuan _______ the book. [单选题] *A. offB. backC. for(正确答案)D. with11、We have ______ homework today. （）[单选题] *A. too manyB. too much(正确答案)C. much tooD. very much12、—Do you know ______ box it is? —It is ______.（）[单选题] *A. who; myB. whose; meC. who; herD. whose; hers(正确答案)13、78．—Welcome to China. I hope you'll enjoy the ________.—Thank you. [单选题] * A．tour(正确答案)B．sizeC．nameD．colour14、A modern city has sprung up in _____was a waste land ten years ago. [单选题] *A.whichB.what(正确答案)C.thatD.where15、There are trees on both sides of the broad street. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 狭窄的C. 宽阔的(正确答案)D. 宁静的16、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] * A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly17、_____he was seriously ill, I wouldn’t have told him the truth. [单选题] *A.If I knewB.Had I known(正确答案)C.Did I knowD.Were I known18、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)19、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)20、Bliss, who worked in an information centre, began to work on the book in 1 [单选题] *A. 策划B. 上班C. 写作(正确答案)D. 销售21、Tony is a quiet student, _______ he is active in class. [单选题] *A. soB. andC. but(正确答案)D. or22、With all the work on hand, he _____ to the cinema last night. [单选题] *A.should goB.must have goneC.might goD..shouldn’t have gone(正确答案)23、Henry lives happily with his three cats. _______ of them are part of his family. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. All(正确答案)D. Neither24、He couldn’t ______ the maths problem without your help. [单选题] *A. work out(正确答案)B. work atC. work forD. work with25、I paint a lot of pictures. [单选题] *A. 评论B. 注意C. 悬挂D. 画(正确答案)26、70．Would you like ________，sir? [单选题] *A．something else(正确答案)B．nothing elseC．else somethingD．else anything27、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评28、John is fond of playing _____ basketball and Jack is keen on playing _____ piano. [单选题] *A．/…the(正确答案)B．the…/C．/…/D．the…the29、68．—How ________ apples do you want?—I want two kilos. How ________ are they?—They are 5 yuan. [单选题] *A．much; manyB．many; much(正确答案)C．many; manyD．much; much30、Wang Dong usually gets up at 6:00 _______ he can catch the early school bus. [单选题] *A. as ifB. so that(正确答案)C. untilD. after。
2019-2020学年上外静安外国语中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析
2019-2020学年上外静安外国语中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVail Marriott Mountain ResortVail Winter Weather GuideCovered in grand mountains，flashing lights and snowy pines, Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike. Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth, this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.Best Time to VacationDecember through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.Know Before You GoMake the necessary preparations and reservations in advance：• Ski and Snowboard Rentals（租赁）：Don't have your own equipment! Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities, as well as snow shoes and helmets.• Clothing Rentals：For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation. Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you, where you can get mountain necessities like coats, pants and goggles（护目镜）.• Suncream：You might not think about getting sunburn, but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.• Difficulty levels：It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain. Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to ski down ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain：• Green Circle：These are the easiest slopes.• Blue Square：These indicate average to medium levels.• Black Diamond：The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.While Vail is famous for snow sports, you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down or you are tired. Explore the rest of our website for more information!1. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?A. In March, April June and DecemberB. In December, February, April and MarchC. In January, February, March and DecemberD. In September, October, November and December2. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort, you will have to take ________with you.A. helmetsB. gogglesC. suncreamD. a trail map3. What will a skiing beginner who wants to enjoy himself prefer to choose?A. Blue SquareB. Black DiamondC Double Black Diamonds D. Green CircleBMy entire life has been influenced by the fact that I stand way above the average height for both men and women. I was born two weeks late. When I finally entered the world I weighed 11 pounds 10 ounces and was 24 inches long. When my mom told my grandmother my measurements, she asked in amazement, "Are you okay?!"I was healthy, but very shy as a child and into my teens. I'm from a small town, and I grew up and graduated with the same 50 people. I started playing basketball in third grade every Saturday, but I didn't have any control over my awkward body. (I didn't even score a point in a game until many years later.) I was 5-foot-10 in fourth grade. I had a small group of friends in elementary school, but sometimes the boys picked on me, calling me a bean pole or the Jolly Green Giant. I still remember my embarrassment when they laughed at me, and how badly I wanted to be invisible.In high school I got more involved in sports, but I spent most days in the art room. By this time everyone at my school was used to my height (by ninth grade I was 6-foot-3), but if I went out of town people would stare at me and comment about my appearance.I was forced into the spotlight wherever I went.With high school came more confidence. I had success in school, the arts and sports. I played basketball, but my true passion was track and field. During my senior year I was the conference champion in high jump and the 400-meter run. The friendships I gained through my involvement in high school boosted my confidence and helped me develop a sense of humor. Now when a stranger told me I was tall I would smile and nod or, if I was feeling determined, I would pretend to feel shocked and thank them for telling me. I had no idea!Still, society keeps me aware of my status as something rare. And even though people tell me I'm beautifuland I should be a model, there are times when I would trade in my long legs for a small frame and tiny feet. I often wish people weren't so rude. I'm a minority only in the sense of height. I like to think that those who have insulted me didn't intend to. I do believe that most people are basically good, but they can be insensitive.4. What can be inferred from Para.1?A. The writer's height has something to do with her late birth.B. Grandmother was unwilling to have the writer as her grandchild.C. The writer failed to have a successful life because of her unusual height.D. The writer was heavier and bigger compared with other babies when she was born.5. By saying 'I was forced into the spotlight', the author probably means that she ________.A.was criticized by othersB. caught public attentionC. was threatenedD. felt inferior6. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned as the writer's experiences in high school?A. She quit playing basketball and joined the track and field team.B. She no longer felt upset when facing her height problem.C. She had a passion for some sports events.D. She built up more confidence.7. What does the last sentence imply?A. People enjoy making fun of others.B. People are bad andcannot be trusted.C. People tend to bully those who are weaker.D. People sometimes care little about how others feel.CBritish sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums. Over the years, the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide. On February 1, 2021, Taylor launched his latest work — The Underwater Museum of Cannes.―The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help,‖ Taylor told Dezeen. ―Ocean ecology has been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades, and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.‖The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages. They range from Maurice, an 80-year-old fisherman, to Anouk, a 9-year-old student. Towering over 6-feet-tall andweighing 10 tons, the faces are sectioned into two parts, with the outer part like a mask. The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue, the seabed was filled with old boat engines, pipes, and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago. Besides removing the trash, Taylor also restored the area’s sea grass. Just one square meter of the sea grass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily. The sea grass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.―The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection,‖ Taylor told Dezeen. ―If we threw unwanted waste near a forest, there would be a public outcry. But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.8. Why does the outer part ofthe sculptures look like a mask?A. To popularize the features of the locals.B. To remind people to protect themselves.C. To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.D. To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.9. What’s paragraph 4 mainly about?A. How the project was started.B. How the sea grass was restored.C. What recovery effort the project made.D. Why the surroundings were improved.10. What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?A. The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.B. The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.C. Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.D. People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.11. What might be the best title for the text?A. The Underwater Museum, a long way to go.B. The Underwater Museum, a big difference to the sea.C. The Underwater Museum, an appeal to conserve ecosystems.D. The Underwater Museum, a masterpiece of Jason Taylor.DCigarettes aren’t just harmful when they’re being smoked. Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold, new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hours alone, scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette would produce.While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out,an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.“I was ly surprised,” since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). “The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars. While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first-hand, second-hand and now third-hand smoking, it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter.”To measure emissions (排放) from this forgotten thing, Poppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room. Once the ends weresealed away, the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes, four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.After setting the room’s temperature, the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions. When the air temperature of the room was higher, for instance, they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) out for days ata time, especially in the heat.12. What do the researchers say about cigarette ends?A They contain little nicotine.B. They produce no nicotine five days later.C. They give off nicotine for days.D. They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.13. What do Poppendieck’s words suggest?A. First-hand smoking does most harm.B. The findings are within his expectation.C. Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.D. Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.14. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days?A. Unclear.B. Disapproving.C. Unconcerned.D. Puzzled.15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Used Cigarette Ends Release Harmful ChemicalsB. Cigarettes Are More Harmful While Being SmokedC. Research Found Reasons For Cigarette Ends’ HarmD. Cigarette Ends Produce More Chemicals in the Heat第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019届高三英语二模试卷带答案
2019届高三英语二模试卷带答案英语（二）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
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第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
AY ou can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling, just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel.1. On the Road, 1957, by Jack KerouacThe book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States.2. Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan KunderaJean-Jacques Rousseau once said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”The book tells a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship. Experience the artist’s passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.3. The Stories of the Sahara,1967, by SanmaoThe book narrates the author’s simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scenery and life there, along with the author’s romantic and intensive emotions will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.4. Lotus,2006, by AnnbabyThis novel set in Tibet, tells three people’s stories, each with their unique characteristics. It reveals modern people’s emotions and inner life, their confusion about love, and exploration of Buddhism. The book is a goodpartner to bring you to the scared land Tibet.21. Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journey?A. On the Road.B. Life is Elsewhere.C. Lotus.D. The Stories of the Sahara.22. Whose book is suitable to accompany your trip to Germany?A. Milan Kundera’s.B. Sanmao’s.C. Annbaby’s.D. Jack Kerouac’s.23. What can we learn from the text?A. The Stories of the Sahara records the dialogues between the author and her readers.B. Life is Elsewhere promotes readers’consideration of their present lives.C. Lotus is a religious book which explores Buddhist culture in Tibet.D. On the Road is intended to advise a classic route for driving across the US.24. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To advertise four travel guidebooks.B. To introduce four novels about traveling.C. To recommend four books linked to destinations.D. To arouse readers’interest in reading books.BI was in the Sants Cruz Mountains not long ago, speaking and singing at awomen’s conference. We were focusing on the theme of loving others in practical ways through our gifts, and something in particular happened during one of the sessions（会议）will remain imprinted in memory.A young Syrian woman (Lilith) was invited to the conference at the last minute, and everyone seemed surprised and delighted that she’d actually come. Just a few days earlier, Lilith had fled her country and found refuge with one of the women attending the conference. As an Orthodox Christian in Syria, she and her loved ones had become attacked targets of violent terrorist groups in the country’s ongoing civil war.Lilith had witnessed horrors no one of her young age should ever see. Despite the further danger it presented, she’d decided to leave her home and her family to find safety here in America. Knowing some of her story, and seeing her sitting through the sessions at the retreat（畏缩不前）---head, covered in a scarf, bowed toward the floor---broke my heart. Lilith’s story touched all of us, including Pam, who was quilt maker. Pam had just finished a beautiful quilt, and had brought it with her. She, along with a few of the leaders, decided to give it to Lilith as a symbol of their comfort and love.During our last session, Lilith was called forward and prayed over, hugged, and wrapped up in that beautiful quilt. I thought of the many hours Pam undoubtedly spent working on it, and the terrible events that led Lilith to this moment---surrounded by the beauty and love quiltembodied. I wept. When they told her it was for her, she wept.25. What is the purpose of the women’s conference?A. To help others in a practical way.B. To win equal rights for women.C. To get together to dance and sing.D. To exchange gifts with each other.26. Why did Lilith go to America?A. To attend the women’s conference.B. To find safety.C. To find her family.D. To find a better job.27. From this passage, we know that the writer is____________.A. enthusiasticB. sympatheticC. intelligentD. talented28. What is the meaning of the underlined word?A. a place of interestB. a place of dangerC. a place of conferenceD. a place of shelterCY ou know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. Y ou can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memoriessuffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt”(neck pain was often reported) and “alone”predicted higher levels of nomophobia.“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,”said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.”Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts-the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,”says Griffiths. “Y ou would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat orInstagram, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no internet,”says Griffiths.29. Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?A. We waste too much time on phones.B. Phones have become part of some users.C. Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.D. Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.30. According to Giffiths, we get nomophobia because .A. we are accustomed to having a phone on usB. we need our phones to help us store informationC. we worry we may miss out what our friends are doingD. we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble31. Where can you probably find the above passage?A. In a research report.B. In a fashion brochure.C. In a science textbook.D. In a popular science magazine. DAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in aboring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.32. The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him .A. at birthB. through educationC. both at birth and through educationD. through environment of one’s family33. If a child is born with high intelligence, he can .A. surely become a geniusB. still become a genius if he isn’t given good educationC. reach his intelligence limits through his own effortsD. probably reach his intelligence limits in rich and varied surroundings34. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows .A. the importance of their intelligenceB. the role of environment on intelligenceC. the importance of their positionsD. the part that birth plays35. The best title of the passage can be .A. On IntelligenceB. On GeniusC. Dependence on EnvironmentD. Effect of Education on Intelligence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。
2019-2020学年静安第二中学高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年静安第二中学高三英语第二次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AChina has 410K5Gbase stationsChina built 257,000 new 5G base stations in the first half of the year, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT).Shipments of 5G phones reached 8623 million unis in China, with 5G package users hitting 66 million by the end of June, said Wen Ku, head of information and communication at the ministry.To give full play to the commercialization of 5G, more policies should be implemented to boost the vitality of the market, Wen said, adding that international cooperation in 5G technology, industry and application should be strengthened.AG600 seaplane’s test flightKunlong, China’s homegrown AG600 large amphibious aircraft, conducted its first sea-based test flight on Sunday morning, marking a new milestone in the program.The AG600 is China’s second amphibious aircraft, after the SH-5, which was developed in the 1970s for military purposes and has been retired for a long time.These specifications make it the world’s biggest amphibious aircraft, surpassing Japan’s ShinMaywa US-2 and Russia’s Beriev Be-200.Once in service, it will put an end to the absence of a large rescue aircraft in China and will be very useful in the national emergency rescue and disaster relief systems.Beidou products land abroadAccording to Ran Chengqi, director general of China Satellite Navigation Office, Beidou has been constantly deepening its compatibility, interoperability and cooperation with the US’ GPS, Russia’s GLONASS and the EU’s Galileo. It has also entered international organizations of civil aviation, maritime affairs, search and rescue satellites and mobile communication.BDS-based services have been successfully applied in land mapping, precision farming, digital development and smart port construction in member countries of ASEAN, South Asia, Eastern Europe, West Asia and Africa.1. What can we learn from this passage?A. The total number of 5G phones has reached a new level.B. Kunlong, unlike SH-5, is not just for military purposes.C. Technologies mentioned above need more cooperation with others.D. BDS-based services have been provided for users in many countries.2. Which of the following is most probably related to agriculture?A. 5G phonesB. BDS-based servicesC. AG600 seaplaneD. Beriev Be-2003. If your friend did a course in marketing management, he may choose a job in a ________.A. 5G technology related marketB. large amphibious aircraftC. BDS-based projectD. China Satellite Navigation OfficeB"Long time no see." is a very interesting sentence. When I first read this sentence from an American friend's e-mail, I laughed. I thought it was a perfect example of Chinglish.Obviously, it is a word-by-word literal translation of the Chinese greeting with wrong English grammar and structure! Later on, my friend told me that it is a standard American greeting. I was too surprised to believe her. Her words were unbelievable at all. So I did research onGoogle. com. To my surprise, there are over 60 thousand web pages containing "Long time no see." Though it is sort of informal, it is part of the language that Americans use daily. Interestingly, if you type this phrase in Microsoft Word, the software will tell you that the grammar needs to be corrected.Nobody knows the origin of this Chinglish sentence. Some people believe that it came from Charlie Chan's movies. In the 1930s, Hollywood moviemakers successfully created a worldwide famous Chinese detective named "Charlie Chan" on wide screens. Detective Chan liked to teach Americans some Chinese wisdom by quoting Confucius. "Long time no see." was his symbol. Soon after Charlie Chan, "Long time no see." became a popular expression in America thanks to the popularity of these movies.Some scholars compare America to a hugemelting pot. All kinds of cultures are mixed in the pot together, and they change the colour and taste of each other. Language is usually the first thing to be influenced in the mixed pot.You can have some examples from other countries such as pizza from Italian, sushi from Japanese, and déjà vu from French etc. There is a long list! Since Americans admire Chinese culture more and more nowadays, I believe more Chinese words will become American English in the future. In this way, the American's melting potkeeps adding richness and flavour.4. What did the writer himself feel surprised at?A. The Chinglish expression "Long time no see."B. So many literal translations of the expressions used in America.C. "Long time no see." is used as a standard American English greeting.D. Finding out Americans use the expression every day.5. What do the underlined words "melting pot" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Confucius's words.B. Culture mixture.C. A kind of cooked dish.D. American changing cultures.6. According to the passage, what can be inferred?A. Detectives translated the phrase "Long time no see."B. Cultures cannot be changed in the huge melting pot.C. The huge melting pot greatly affects all kinds of languages.D. Hollywood made "Long time no see." popular.7. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Some Chinese expressions are introduced into English.B. You'll not be surprised at a tofu and peanut butter hamburger in a restaurant in America.C. Some American expressions can be used in China.D. American English keeps being enriched by different cultures.CHundreds of children are being treated for sleep problems in Wales every year. In some cases，babies，infants (婴儿)and teenagers have been admitted to hospital in north Wales alone.The Children’s Sleep Charity said many children were suffering from lack of sleep mainly because of technology use. Public Health Wales said sleep was as important to a child’s health as healthy eating and exercise，and children with poor sleep patterns were more likely to be fat.Statistics obtained (获得) under the Freedom of Information Act by BBC Wales found at least 408 children have been admitted to hospitals across Wales suffering from sleep disorders since March 2013.Children aged between 0 and 4 made up the highest number of inpatients (住院病人)，with some newborns being treated for sleep-related problems from the day of birth.Vicki Dawson，who set up the Children’s Sleep Charity (CSC)，said sleepless nights were putting both childrenand parents in anxiety. “Their weight and growth may also be affected as well as their mental health，”she said.Teachers said children showing signs of sleep shortage and tiredness in class were a concern as they couldn’t concentrate for long periods.Psychologist Amy McClelland，of Sleep Wales，saida common problem was that children were “over excited”before bed and that families should get back to basics. “Think 1950s family home. Dinner as a family，read，chat，a film maybe，lights off and then bed. ”She added.8. What’s the mainreason why children are short of sleep？A. Less exercise.B. Eating habits.C. Technology use.D. Sleep patterns.9. Who are the majority of the inpatients with sleep-related disorders？A. Infants.B. Teenagers.C. Teachers.D. Parents.10. What can we infer from what Amy McClelland said？A. Chatting and films make children sleep more.B. It is difficult for children to read before bed.C. Being too excitedis good for sleep habits.D. Relaxation has a bad effect on children.11. What is the best title forthe text？A. Ways to Treat Sleep ProblemsB. Sleep Problems of Welsh ChildrenC. Sleep Habits of Welsh ChildrenD. The Problems of Welsh ChildrenDA former UPS driver and his wife have made history by donating $20 million to Morgan State University – the largest gift any historically black college or university (HBCU) has ever received from a former student. The money, pledged by Calvin Tyler Jr and his wife Tina, will fund scholarships that were established under the Tylers’ name in 2002.Tyler grew up in a low-income family and was forced to drop out of Morgan State University in 1963 because he could no longer afford to study. The following year, Tyler saw a job advertisement in a Baltimore newspaper from United Parcel Service and got a job with the company as a driver. He rose through the ranks during his 34-year career at the global shipping company to become its senior vice president of US operations and a member of the board of directors before retiring in 1998.Tyler and his wife, also a Baltimore native, have lived all across the country but he said they have never forgotten their humble beginnings.Their latest pledge follows a $5million commitment they made in 2016 for the fund, which to date has supported 222 students with full or partial scholarships.Marybeth Gasman, a professor at Rutgers University who studies HBCUs, said the gift is significant because public HBCU’s like Morgan State University tend to have a lower alumni giving rate compared to private ones.“For a long time, they weren’t asking alumni to give,” she said. But that has changed in the past couple of decades, she added, and the schools have “started asking alumni to give and creating a culture of philanthropy (慈善) on campus.”David K. Wilson, the president of Morgan State University, said the money will help students for years to come. “Morgan is so proud to call this son and daughter of the great city of Baltimore our own,” he said in a statement. “Through their historic giving, the doors of higher education will most certainly be kept open for generations of aspiring leaders whose financial shortfalls may have kept them from realizing their academic dreams.”“We are forever indebted to the Tylers”.12. Why is Tyler’s donation historic?A. He was a former UPS driver.B. The donation is large enough.C. The donation will fund his scholarships.D. He used to be a student at the university.13. What is a driving force of Tyler’s donation?A. His working experiences.B. His career achievements.C. His promise to the university.D. His past embarrassing situations.14. Which is true about HBCUs according to Gasman?A. They are mainly public universities.B. They are encouraging alumni to donate.C. They rarely accept help from the alumni.D. They have changed little over the decades.15. What can be inferred about Tyler from Wilson’s comments?A. He’s helped many city leaders.B. He’s grateful to his university.C. He’s made great contributions.D. He’s proud of his son and daughter.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市静安区2019届高三二模英语试卷
高三模拟质量调英语学科试卷2019. 5 Section AFrom the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly (41) ______ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic (42) ______ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the (43) ______ to enter the American economic system.They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have (44) ______ prices. When the government have to step in and (45) ______ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under (46) ______ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is (47) ______ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality (48) ______ labor also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers (49) ______ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms.Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists (50) ______ it. Computers track farm operations, and even (51) ______ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, (52) ______. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often (53) ______ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined topush farms over the edge into a(n) (54) ______ situation. The government responded with (55) ______ agricultural reforms --most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41. A valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute44. A. maintained B. margined C. depressed D. refunded45. A. take over B. cover up for C. come up with D. smooth out46. A. varied B. favorable C. extreme D. visible47. A. moderate B. predictable C. timely D. acid48 A. labor B. investment C. chemical D. landscape49. A. complicated B. flexible C. accessible D. executive50. A.criticize B.recall C. evaluate D. identify51. A. medical B. mobile C. space D. process52. A. for example B. in all C. however D. additionally53. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. reduced to D. applied to54. A. vague B. desperate C. isolated D. feasible55. A. struggling B. traditional C. sweeping D. permanentSection B（24分）(A)After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain-were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly"So, let’s talk a littleInstantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirsteincame to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.A. The process of giving birth put her life in danger.B. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.C. Her disease will threaten the health of her children.D. She already has enough children.57. why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .A. Because she not qualified to treat her disease.B. Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.58. How did the author deal with the disease?A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the diseaseD. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of diseaseC Because she received a gift every day from her familyD Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.(B)While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.Vulture(秃鸳)Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.Opossum(负鼠)In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.Hoatzin(磨雉)Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink birdMillipedes (千足虫)Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.Sea Hare(海兔)The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish inthe seafood chain. Nonetheless, this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out aslimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predatorsResearchers using lobsters as model predators found that the seablocks theSea Hare(海兔)The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.60. The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.A becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink birdD. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless62. The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism isA. vulture B opossum C. millipede D sea hare（C）ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR."You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.63. How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B. It was long under the threat of large-scale warsC. Its rise and decline were under way peacefullyD. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war64. The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.A. miseryB. revolution C population decrease D. opposition65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works66. The passage is mainly about ____.A people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.Section CJaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. 67 Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. 68_ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. 69People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. 70 with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.2019年静安区高三英语二模试卷参考答案1-10 CBDCC BBCBD 11-20 ACC CBA CBDB21 was captured 22 most influential 23 to come 24. beyond 25 Although 26 devoted 27 How 28 totaled 29 whose 30 betting41-45ABACD 46-50BAAAA51-55CCBBC【分析】41．根据句意农业在美国及其被重视。
2019-2020学年上外静安外国语中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年上外静安外国语中学高三英语二模试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANo one knows when the first printing press was invented or who invented it. but the oldest known printed text originated in China during the first millennium (千年) AD.The Diamond Sutra (《金刚经》), a Buddhist book from Dunhuang, China during the Tang Dynasty, is said to be the oldest known printed book.The Diamond Sutrawas created with a method known as block printing (雕版印刷), which used boards of hand-carved wood blocks in reverse.It was said that the moveable type was developed by Bi Sheng. He was fromYingshan,Hubei,China, living from 970 to 1051 AD. His method replaced panels of printing blocks with moveable individual Chinese characters that could be reused. The first moveable Chinese Characters were carved into clay and baked into hard blocks that were then arranged onto an iron frame that was pressed against an iron plate.The earliest mention of Bi Sheng’s printing press is in the bookDream Pool Essays, written in 1086 by Shen Kuo, who noted that his nephews came into possession of Bi Sheng’s typefaces (字体) after his death. Shen Kuo explained that Bi Sheng did not use wood because the texture is inconsistent (不一致的) and absorbs wetness too easily.By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, which ruled from 1127 to 1279 AD, books had become popular in society and helped create a scholarly class of citizens who had the capabilities to become civil servants. Large printed book collections also became a status symbol for the wealthy class.1. When was Bi Sheng’s printing press first introduced in history?A. After Bi Sheng died and his nephews owned his typefaces.B. When books became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty.C. After the block printing was replaced by the moveable type printing.D. WhenThe Diamond Sutrawas printed into a book.2. What can we infer from the passage?A. Shen Kuo made great contributions to printing.B. The moveable type printing was invented earlier than block printing.C. Printed books were hard to get in the Song Dynasty.D. By the Southern Song Dynasty, books had helped people get to higher social positions.3. Why does the author write this passage?A. To show that Buddhism was popular in the Tang Dynasty.B. To introduce the early history of printing.C. To memorize Bi Sheng, developing the moveable type printing.D. To indicate the advantages of moveable type printing.BAn anti-obesity program for Australian girls didn’t lead to any improvements in their diet, physical activities or body weight a year later, according to a new report.Findings from the school-based intervention (介入), which involved exercise sessions and nutrition workshops for lower-income girls, are the latest disappointment in a lot of research attempting tohead offadult obesity and the disease risks that come with it.Especially during the middle-and high-school years, girls’ physical activity reduces obviously, according to lead researcher David Lubans, from theUniversityofNewcastleinNew South Wales,Australia. He said, “In the future we need to make the programs more interesting and exciting and present information in a way that is meaningful to adolescent girl.”Lubans and his workmates conducted their study in 12 schools in low-income areas ofNew South Wales. At the start of the study, girls in both groups weighed an average of close to 130pounds, with about four in ten considered overweight. Over the next year, adolescents in the intervention group were given pedometers (计步器) to encourage walking and running and invited to nutrition workshops and regular exercise sessions during the schoolday and at lunchtime. Participation in some of those activities were less than ideal. For example, the girls went to only one-quarter of lunchtime exercise sessions, and less than one in ten completed at-home physical activity or nutrition challenges, the researchers reported. At the end of the year, girls in both groups had gained a similar amount of weight and there was no difference in their average body fat.Preventive medicine researcher Robert Klesges said that although some anti-obesity programs have helped adults lose weight, the teen population has always been a source of failure for researchers. “The common belief is: nothing works,” he said. “And we have got to get beyond that.”“We need to think outside the box,” said Klesges, who wasn’t involved in the new study. “That could include learning from what has worked in adult studies, such as giving meal replacement drinks or prepared foods to teens who have trouble making changes to their diet. Or, it could mean using a “step-care” method — rather thanresearchers or their doctor telling them to keep doing the same thing.” Klesges said.4. The underlined words “head off” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.A. damageB. defendC. preventD. affect5. The methods used in the program to stop obesity don’t include ________.A. walking and runningB. inviting them to nutrition workshopsC. joining exercise sessions regularlyD. giving meal replacement drinks6. The main reason for the failure of the anti-obesity program is probably that ________.A. the participants didn’t take an active part in itB. the program was not interesting and exciting to participantsC. the participants didn’t get extra nutrition or exercise helpD. the program didn’t pay attention to healthy exercise7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. As researchers, it is important to have creative research methods.B. Researchers need to give meals or prepare foods to participants.C. Teen girls have no difficulty in making changes to their diet.D. Some ant-obesity programs have not helped adults lose weight.CA city inSouth Korea, which has the world’s largest number of people using smartphones, has placed flashing lights and laser beams at a road crossing to warn “smartphone zombies” to look up and drivers to slow down, in the hope of preventing accidents.The designers of the system were motivated by growing worry that more pedestrians glued to their phones will become victims in a country that already has some of the highest road death and injury rates among developed countries. State-run Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) believes its system of flashing lights at zebra crossings can warn both pedestrians and drivers.In addition to red, yellow and blue LED lights on the pavement, “smombies” - smartphone zombies - will be warned by laser beam projected from power poles and a warning sent to the phones by an app that they are about to step into traffic.“Increasing number of smombie accidents have occurred in pedestrian crossings, so these zombie lights areessential to prevent these pedestrian accidents,” said KICT senior researcher Kim Jong-hoon. Drivers are warned by the flashing lights, which have shown to be effective 83.4 percent of the time in the institute’s tests involving about 1,000 vehicles.In 2017, more than 1,600 pedestrians were killed in auto related accidents, which is about 40 percent of total traffic deaths, according to data from the Traffic Accident Analysis System. For now, the smombie warning system is placed only in Ilsan, a suburban city about30 kmnorthwest of the capital,Seoul, but is expected to go nationwide, according to the institute.Kim Dan-hee, a 23-year-old resident of Ilsan, welcomed the system, saying she was often too absorbed in her phone to remember to look at traffic. “This flashing light makes me feel safe as it makes me look around again, and I hope that we can have more of these in town,” she said.8. What do the underlined words “smartphone zombies” in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Drivers driving after drunk.B. Pedestrians buried in their phones.C. Passengers crazy about phones.D. Policemen in charge of traffic.9. What do we know about the warning system?A. It has reduced death rate by 83.4%.B. It has been spread nationwide.C. It gives a warning to the smartphones.D. It is being tried out in many places.10. What was the residents’ attitude to the traffic system?A. Negative.B. Unconcerned.C. Disapproving.D. Favorable.11. What is the best title for the text?A.South KoreaWarns Smartphone Zombies of TrafficB. Flashing Lights Are Used to Prevent AccidentsC. Smartphone Zombies Are Causing Traffic AccidentsD.South KoreaUses a New Traffic SystemDI’ve long believedthat positive living isn’t about being optimistic every minute of every day. That kind of permanently happy state can’t be the goal, because it’s impossible to achieve.It turns out that psychological research finds true happiness comes from authentic positivity, and authentic positivity comes from emotional flexibility.Being flexible emotionally means being open to the full range of emotional experiences, including thechallenging ones like anger, disappointment and sadness. Emotional flexibility means being able to shift behaviors and mindsets to meet different situational needs, and adapting when circumstances change.However, emotionally flexible people are not chameleons (变色龙) whose outlook changes based on which way the wind is blowing. Instead, emotional flexibility is a skill that helps people judge the complexities of daily life, and stick to their deeply held values.I’ve learned a new word that I’d like to share with you: Eudaimonia (幸福感). Eudaimonia is the opposite of hedonism (享乐主义), the idea that happiness comes from the constant pursuit of pleasure and avoidance of pain. Eudaimonia, by contrast, encourages us to pursue meaning and authenticity, growth and honest joy. Both are philosophical approaches to happiness, and recent psychological thought is leaning toward eudaimonia as a more sustainable, satisfying model.Eudaimonia was first mentioned by Aristotle, who got the term from the Greek word “daimon,” which means “true nature.” Tome, walking a positive path means accepting that we each have positive true nature and permanent goodness. What we learn from the concept of eudaimonia is that we are best equipped to realize this nature when we are emotionally honest and flexible.12. What is the author’s belief?A. People should live alone.B. People can’t always be happy.C. People can’t always achieve their goals.D. People should pursue true achievements.13. What do enmotionally flexible people commit themselves to?A. Their strongly believed values.B. Their different needs.C. Permanent happiness.D. The pursuit of hedonism.14. How can people gain eudaimonia according to the author?A. By being honest to others.B. By changing true nature.C. By keeping realstically optimistic.D. By pursuing pleasure constantly.15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. What is the meaning of eudaimonia?B. What should we do to keep positive?C. How can we keep happy forever?D. Why can’t people be happy all the time?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市静安区2019届高三二模(含听力)英语试题
上海市静安区2019届高三二模（含听力）英语试题一、短对话(★) 1 .A．Because the gas station is waiting for the fuel price adjustment.B．Because there’s no gas left at the gas station right now.C．Because the gas station is checking and repairing the equipment now.D．Because the quality of the gas in the station is terrible.(★) 2 .A．5 dollars B．6 dollars C．7 dollars D．11 dollars(★) 3 .A．The new movie didn’t perform well in sales.B．The new movie was positively reviewed by critics.C．The new movie was successful in sales and reputation.D．The new movie wasn’t welcomed by the critics.(★) 4 .A．They will be home on time.B．Her mother is in an area with poor signal reception.C．She can’t connect her mother through the mobile phone now.D．She has to notify her mother that someone is dead.(★) 5 .A．The neighborhood suffers a power failure.B．Their neighbor broke their light bulb.C．There's something wrong with their light bulb.D．It's black outside the window.(★) 6 .A．He lost the way to the ice cream counter.B．He doesn't know which taste to choose.C．He loses words to describe the taste of the ice cream. D．He enjoys selling ice cream.(★) 7 .A．She doesn’t get on well with John.B．John lied about absence from school.C．John was too ill to receive them at home.D．She didn’t go to school herself.(★) 8 .A．At an electronic appliance shop.B．At a drugstoreC．At a laundry.D．At a furniture shop.(★) 9 .A．Invite a friend to take the wedding photographing job. B．Pay for photographing for her wedding.C．Save the budget of wedding.D．Avoid taking too many photos for her wedding. (★) 10 .A．The candidate has devotion for the job.B．The candidate is not good at giving speeches.C．The candidate is out of touch with the woman.D．. The candidate is not qualified for the job.二、短文(★★) Questions are based on the following passage.11 . A．12%.B．27%.C．30%.D．60%.A．12%.B．27%.C．30%.D．60%.A．12%.B．27%.C．30%.D．60%.12 .A．Because their bodies are not strong enough for regular exercises.B．Because their doctors prevent them from doing too many exercises.C．Because they spend greater time doing activities requiring little energy.D．Because they still keep working at older ages.13 .A．Because it brings enjoyment to the old.B．Because it makes life colorful.C．Because it makes the old move more.D．Because it saves money for the old.(★★) Questions are based on the following passage.14 .A．The high unemployment rate in the country.B．The comfortable working environment.C．The potential high income from the work.D．The possibility to contact bosses and senior managers.15 .A．Dealing with commitments.B．Managing the Internet surfing.C．Managing bosses' schedules.D．Communicating with other employees.16 .A．They give male applicants fair chances for the PA jobs.B．They tend to provide male PAS with high salaries.C．They give male Pas more work to manage.D．They prefer to assign male PAS for male bosses.三、长对话(★★) Questions are based on the following passage.17 .A．Information about the features of the car.B．Message about the prices of the car.C．A larger discount than what dealers offer.D．Comments about the car from other customers.18 .A．Good service from professional staff.B．Trial driving by the buyer.C．Additional insurance benefits from dealers.D．Driving license from the government.19 . A．It manufactures advanced electric cars.B．It cooperates well with car dealers.C．Its online website offers comprehensive car information.D．It can deliver cars to customers after online purchase.20 .A．It provides more car information than new cars.B．It is sold cheaper with less sales cost.C．Used cars are generally sold at less than 2000 dollars.D．Used car market is bigger than new car market.四、语法填空(★★) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress 21 . (capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the 22 . (influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years 23 . (come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands 24 . the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time.25 . Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time 26 . (devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior. 27 . the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits28 . (total)165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm,29 . success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to30 . (bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnightsuccess if the young stars rise to sudden fame.五、其他(★★) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. Robots could31 . people in highly competitive games and then quickly destroyed their human competitors.AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik's cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.Now machines have a new game that will allow them to 32 . humans: Jenga, the popular game in which players 33 . remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks, placing each one on top until the entire structure would 34 . .A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school's engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper(夹子), a force-sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tow er’s 35 . the way a human might doUnlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jenga also requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. It must 36 . interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learn how and when to move blocks.Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with the real Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics. Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain tasks through actual touching instead of relying heavily on visual 37 . . That physical 38 . is significant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform 39 . tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain 40 . players—for now.六、完形填空(★★)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ______ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ______ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ______ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the co untry’s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ______ prices. When the government have to step in and ______ the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under______ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ______ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality______ labor also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers______ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists______ it. Computers track farm operations, and even______ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, ______. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often______ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined topush farms over the edge into a(n) ______ situation. The government responded with ______ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.41 . A．valued B．accessed C．implemented D．illustratedA．valued B．accessed C．implemented D．illustratedA．valued B．accessed C．implemented D．illustrated42 . A．regulations B．virtues C．obligations D．requirements A．regulations B．virtues C．obligations D．requirementsA．regulations B．virtues C．obligations D．requirements43 . A．shortcut B．implication C．reward D．substituteA．shortcut B．implication C．reward D．substituteA．shortcut B．implication C．reward D．substitute44 . A．maintained B．margined C．depressed D．refunded A．maintained B．margined C．depressed D．refundedA．maintained B．margined C．depressed D．refunded45 . A．take over B．cover up for C．come up with D．smooth out A．take over B．cover up for C．come up with D．smooth outA．take over B．cover up for C．come up with D．smooth out46 . A．varied B．favorable C．extreme D．visibleA．varied B．favorable C．extreme D．visibleA．varied B．favorable C．extreme D．visible47 . A．moderate B．predictable C．timely D．acid A．moderate B．predictable C．timely D．acidA．moderate B．predictable C．timely D．acid48 . A．labor B．investment C．chemical D．landscape A．labor B．investment C．chemical D．landscapeA．labor B．investment C．chemical D．landscape49 . A．complicated B．flexible C．accessible D．executive A．complicated B．flexible C．accessible D．executiveA．complicated B．flexible C．accessible D．executive50 . A．criticize B．recall C．evaluate D．identifyA．criticize B．recall C．evaluate D．identifyA．criticize B．recall C．evaluate D．identify51 . A．medical B．mobile C．space D．processA．medical B．mobile C．space D．processA．medical B．mobile C．space D．process52 . A．for example B．in all C．however D．additionally A．for example B．in all C．however D．additionallyA．for example B．in all C．however D．additionally53 . A．subject to B．unrelated to C．reduced to D．applied to A．subject to B．unrelated to C．reduced to D．applied toA．subject to B．unrelated to C．reduced to D．applied to54 . A．vague B．desperate C．isolated D．feasibleA．vague B．desperate C．isolated D．feasibleA．vague B．desperate C．isolated D．feasible55 . A．struggling B．traditional C．sweeping D．permanent A．struggling B．traditional C．sweeping D．permanentA．struggling B．traditional C．sweeping D．permanent七、阅读理解(★★)After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain-were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decidedthat along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly"So, let’s talk a littleInstantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirsteincame to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.56 . Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.A．The process of giving birth put her life in danger.B．Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.C．Her disease will threaten the health of her children.D．She already has enough children.57 . why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .A．Because she not qualified to treat her disease.B．Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.C．Because his cold attitude upset the author.D．Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.58 . How did the author deal with the disease? A．She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.B．she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.C．She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the diseaseD．She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.59 . Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?A．Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.B．Because she made every day valuable in spite of diseaseC．Because she received a gift every day from her familyD．Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.(★)While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.Vulture(秃鸳)Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.Opossum(负鼠)In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.Hoatzin(磨雉)Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink birdMillipedes (千足虫)Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, andleave a horrible smell on their attackers.Sea Hare(海兔)The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.60 . The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.A．becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predatorB．giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predatorsC．releasing substance to make predators unable to smell itD．giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.61 . Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.B．The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.C．The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink birdD．The gas released by millipede was basically harmless62 . The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism isA．vultureB．opossumC．millipedeD．sea hare(★★)ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR."You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.63 . How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?A．It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.B．It was long under the threat of large-scale warsC．Its rise and decline were under way peacefullyD．It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war64 . The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____. A．miseryB．revolutionC．population decreaseD．opposition65 . Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.B．The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.C．The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.D．The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works66 . The passage is mainly about ____.A．people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.B．discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technologyC．the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilizationD．The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.八、六选四(★★) Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. 67 . Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage."Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. 68 . People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. 69 .People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. 70 . with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.A．The animals, to some extent, become tools to us.B．Although violence against zoo animals is often reported, the issue of animal welfare has aroused little attention recently.C By taking a selfie, you show that you're part of that experience.C．The comparison between caged animals and wild ones are appealing to people.D．Similar incidents are a regular occurrence in natural settings.E．The common factor is that some people are not respecting animal.九、阅读表达(★★★★) 71 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried thatthey will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________十、汉译英(★★★★) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72 . 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。
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第二学期教学质量检测（2018.5）I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. By the seaside. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket. D. At home.2. A. Driving the private car costs little.B. Taking subway requires a special pass.C. It’s more convenient to carry canned fish by private cars.D. It’s uncomfortable to take the subway.3. A. A phone company clerk. B. A mechanic. C. A travel agent. D. A marriage consultant.4. A. The woman should go out to work. B. The woman should take charge of the cleaning herself.C. Maids are not very trustworthy these days.D. He contributes a lot to the family economy.5. A. He is not clever enough for the math club. B. He doesn’t have enough enthusiasm to explore math.C. He lacks former experiences in math study.D. He will be sooner or later admitted into the math club.6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D.7.7. A. The woman was mistaken about where she lost her ipad.B. The woman’s ipad might be kept well in the library.C. There’s a very slight chance of finding back her ipad.D. Her ipad is for public use so she might as well buy a new one.8. A. As a science fiction fan, she has already seen the film.B. She will go to deal with a dental problem then.C. She will go for a business appointment then.D. She is not very happy to go to see a film with the man.9. A. Her personal feeling quite contrasts with the research finding.B. Reading books is teenagers’ favourite activity.C. All the researches are offering misleading information.D. Mobile phones have taken none of teenagers’ leisure time.10. A. Previous customers have bought up the ovens on sale.B. Many other goods on sale are still available.C. The man can buy the oven through other channels.D. The oven is now sold at regular price.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. To take advantage of cheap sugar cane. B. To reduce carbon dioxide emission.C. To add a selling point for its cola.D. To attract more young customers.12. A. To exchange food recipe(配方) with these companies.B. To share customer information with these companies.C. To get investments from these companies.D. To relieve these company’s dependence on petroleum.13. A. Coca-Cola’s new ways to cut costs.B. Coca-Cola’s transfer to recyclable plant plastics.C. Coca-Cola’s successful partnerships with other business giants.D. Coca-Cola’s efforts to pay more attention to customers’ needs.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It provides jet bursts to strongly clean the body. B. It installs noise-masking effect equipment.C. It has a private doctor stand by the toilet.D. It collects one’s physical data when the toilet is used.15. A. The toilet will be more economical on water. B. User’s doctor can instantly get the data.C. A device inside the basin will be installed.D. Treatment suggestions will be delivered to the doctor.16. A. Because young people are not keen on innovations.B. Because young people are suspicious of the toilet’s function.C. Because the retail price is high for the young.D. Because young people don’t know much about the product.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Because it’s an experienced car rental agency.B. Because it provides big discount on the rent.C. Because it’s convenient to collect the car after arrival.D. Because it offers commute cars and cars for long trip.18. A. Unreliable technology. B. Short battery life.C. Potential radiation from electricity.D. Lack of charging points.19. A. €370. B. €400. C. €530. D. €560.20. A. Car rental service fee. B. Insurance fee. C. Gas fee. D. Traffic fine.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Uh-oh, the new year's just begun and already you're finding it hard to keep those resolutions to junk the junk food, get off the couch or kick smoking. There's a biological reason why a lot of our bad habits are so hard to break – they get （21）______(wire) into our brains."Why are bad habits stronger? You're fighting against the power of an immediate reward," says Dr. Nora V olkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and an authority on the brain's pleasure pathway."We all as creatures are behaving that way, to give greater value to an immediate reward as opposed to (22)______ is delayed," V olkow says.How this bit of happiness turns into a habit involves a pleasure-sensing chemical named dopamine. It causes the brain (23)______(pursue) that reward again and again strengthening the connection each time – especially when it gets the right hint from your environment.People tend to overestimate their ability to resist temptations around them, thus (24) ______(destroy) attempts to give up bad habits. Even scientists who recognize it (25)______ show weakness. "I know popcorns are not healthy. But every time I go to the cinema, I have to eat it," V olkow says，"It's fascinating."A movement to pay people for behavior changes may exploit that connection, as some companies offer employees outright payments or insurance reduction for adopting better habits.(26)______well paying for behavior plays out, researchers say there are still some steps that may help fight your brain's hold (27)______ newly-established habits:Repeat, repeat, repeat the new behavior – the same routine at the same time of day. You decide to exercise. Doing it at the same time of the morning, rather than fitting it in casually, (28)______ (make) the striatum(终脑皮层)recognize the habit. Therefore, if you don’t keep doing it, you will feel frustrated.Exercise itself raises dopamine levels, so eventually your brain will get a feel-good hit (29)______ ______ your muscles protest.Besides, try to reward yourself with (30)______ that you really desire. For instance, if you exercise all week or stick to your diet, you could try a fancy restaurant - safer perhaps than a box of cookies because the price inhibits the quantity.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat stress, longer droughts(干旱), and more intense rainfalls linked to global warming continue to upset our daily weather, we often forget they also ___31___ the quantity, quality, and growing locations of our food. Many foods have already ___32___ top spots on the world's "endangered foods" list, indicating their possibility to become scarce within the next 30 years.To start with what is ___33___ in many people’s lives, we are disappointed to find that coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and erratic(不稳定的) rainfall patterns, which invite disease and invasive species to ___34___the coffee plant and beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee output.And Coffee's culinary cousin, cacao (aka chocolate),is also suffering stress from global warming's rising temperatures. But for chocolate, it isn't the warmer climate alone that's the problem. Cacao trees actually prefer warmer climates as long as that warmth is paired with high humidity and ___35___ rain. However, the problem is that the higher temperatures projected for the world's leading chocolate-producing countries are not expected to be___36___by an increase in rainfall. Therefore as higher temperatures take more moisture from soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to make up for this loss.A notably nutritious plant, the peanut grows best when it gets five months of continuous warm weather and 20 to 40 inches of rain. Anything less and plants won't survive. That isn't good news when most climate models agree that the climate of the future will be one of the ___37___, including droughts and heatwaves.The world has already caught a glimpse of the peanut's future fate when last year a serious drought across the peanut-growing Southeastern U.S. led many plants to die. According to a financial report, the dry ___38___ caused peanut prices to rise by as much as 40 percent!Finally, in the world of sea, as air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and undergo warming of their own. The result is the ___39___in fish population. Warmer waters also encourage vicious marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans.And that satisfying "crack" you get when eating crab(蟹) could be ___40___ as shellfish struggle to build their calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) shells, a result of ocean acidification.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Don’t get sick in July!”This is a common concern in teaching hospitals in the U.S. It’s driven by the academic calendar: July is when the new interns, fresh out of medical school, start work. In other words, it’s when everyone is most ___41___. The theory is that this disadvantage leads to mistakes.So is medical experience good or bad? Well, in most cases, your doctor’s experience is very helpful, allowing her to pick up on a(n) ___42___ symptom early in a disease process, when machines still can’t take a hand. She can alsodetermine the right treatment when your condition falls outside of what is in the ___43___, where newbies get most of their ideas. For many medical treatments, there’s a direct connection between physician experience and your treating outcome.In a variety of situations, though, experience can backfire. The reason is simple ___44___. Doctors are humans too and they ___45___ tricks of the mind—like believing that an ineffective treatment really works. In fact, entire fields of research are devoted to understanding why these errors of thought occur. They ___46___ from so-called cognitive prejudice that can mislead even ___47___ practitioners into making the wrong decisions.Doctors are usually locked onto a diagnosis early and disregard new and ___48___ information. For example, a patient may be diagnosed with a quickly fatal cancer, but then ends up trying various herbal remedies and lives for 30 more years. Instead of analyzing the ___49___ diagnosis, the patient, and maybe even the doctor, may assume that the herbal remedies cured the cancer.Also, some experienced doctors tend to believe evidence when it supports their previous opinion while subconsciously ignoring information opposing it. Let’s say your doctor is pretty certain you have ill digestion and orders a test to___50___ the suspicion, which produces negative result. But she treats you for ill digestion anyway because she was ___51___ with the prior diagnosis by experience.In fact, there are clearly many benefits to having a highly experienced doctor, such as technical proficiency. But there may actually be some unexpected benefits to having a less-experienced one too. She may have a more up-to-date education, boundless energy and perhaps is less vulnerable to biases, freed from the same ___52___ for years.To safeguard yourself as a patient, one thing you should always do is ___53___. It may not always be possible to determine that your doctor has met with an unconscious thinking ___54___. But asking questions does force your doctor to think twice and ___55___ her decision about your case.41. A. innocent B. productive C. inexperienced D. prohibited42. A. slight B. objective C. complex D. sustainable43. A. media B. tradition C. reality D. textbook44. A. psychology B. education C. procedure D. priority45. A. take advantage of B. make sense of C. fall victim to D. play fire with46. A. spring B. depart C. benefit D. distinguish47. A. highly-motivated B. well-seasoned C. deeply-offended D. wide-eyed48. A. moderate B. visible C. conflicting D. permanent49. A. initial B. tough C. multiple D. private50. A. evaluate B. operate C. confirm D. revise51. A. preoccupied B. labelled C. associated D. concerned52. A. professional circle B. thinking pattern C. academic background D. operating order53. A. investigating B. questioning C. monitoring D. observing54. A. obstacle B. trap C. horizon D. struggle55.A. practice B. accommodate C. justify D. removeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Last October I was on a diving holiday in the Philippines with seven other advanced divers. I dived off the boat slowly sinking to about 20m.After nearly 45 minutes, the sound of my breathing was drowned out by a low rumble like an engine and I felt deep powerful vibrations (震动) as if a big boat with a propeller was passing overhead. The dive instructor’s eyes were wide with confusion too. We both swam next to each other staying close to the side of the reef (礁石). The situation felt sinister.Then we were enveloped by clouds of white sand that mushmoomed up around us. Could it be a giant turtle(海龟) racing past us? They are normally slow movers so this was very weird behavior. The vibration became so intense that I could feel it in my bones and then the sound turned into a deafening roar. Suddenly, a few meters below us, breaks began forming and the sand was sucked down. That’s when I got what it was. The noise was the sound of the earth splintering open and grinding against itself.The instructor and I held hands and looked into each other’s eyes. I felt comforted by his presence. I was numb(麻木的) for terror but clear-headed. My body went on high alert, ready to react. But I have no power over whatever this is. The only option is to stay very still and let it do whatever its going to do.It took enormous willpower to resist the urge to swim to the surface, which is not sensible as situation on the surface at that time was ambiguous with potential threats pending. Soon we saw other divers.The sound and vibration lasted only two or three minutes and when they stopped I heard the swoosh of sand falling over the seabed. We all held hands before resurfacing to avoid decompression sickness, which can be fatal. When up, it was a huge relief to see all the divers and we all shared incredulous looks before pulling out our breathing tools and shouting, ”What was that?”Back on the boat, we rushed to check the news and discovered we had witnessed a huge earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale. It released more energy than 30 Hiroshima bombs, though it seemed that we were not at the epicenter (震中). I was high and felt lucky surprisingly not because of my recent survival miracle, but to have experienced nature at its most stunning and its most frightening.56. How did the author realize that they met with an earthquake?A. By feeling the violent shake under the sea.B. By witnessing a normally-slow turtle quickly moving by.C. By seeing the seafloor crack.D. By checking the news and be informed of the event.57. Why didn’t the author rise to the surface before the vibration stopped?A. Because the instructor gestured him not to rise.B. Because he was numb in body.C. Because he could sense the unclear water situation.D. Because he tried to avoid unexpected danger above.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. At the beginning of the event, a big boat passed by causing big vibration.B. All the divers used the reef as the protection against the violent vibration.C. I felt relieved as the instructor was experienced in handling situations like this.D. Powerless to fight nature, I was tame when under the water.59. Why did the author feel fortunate on the boat?A. Because he was not at the epicenter of the earthquake.B. Because he finally survived a huge earthquake.C. Because he could witness a rare natural phenomenon.D. Because he didn’t suffer from decompression sickness.(B)Amazon is presenting to you our weekly bestsellers in the fiction section.Twilight WhispersLinked for years through friendship and intermarriage, the Warren and Whyte families find their charmed world marred when Mark Whyte and his wife Deborah Warren are murdered. Police detectives, hearing about dissension of the families, set out to examine the mystique behind their superficial rapport.Katia Morell, daughter of the Whyte’s housekeeper, is drawn back to her growing place and is forced to face her life-long love for Jordan Whyte. As many secrets are uncovered, especially about Katia’s biological father, the two young people from rival families are encountering fierce family objection in their search for happiness.The New ColossusNellie Bly, blessed with courage and reportage skill, lands two front-page stories on the widely-read newspaper, Joseph Pulitzer’s NEW YORK WORLD.Pulitzer is so impressed that he assigns her to a murder case confusing the police—the death of Emma Lazaru. Her investigation leads to tense encounters with some powerful and ruthless men of the time, when evils run wild on unregulated upper class. Bly has one real ally: a doctor who uses scientific techniques to establish criminal behavior. As the pieces fall into place, Bly uncovers layers of corruption(腐败). The essential connection between the murder case and the prevalent greed and darkness of the then society finally emerges.The Last Days of NightA young lawyer named Paul Cravath, takes a case that seems impossible to win. Paul’s client, George Westinghouse, has been sued by Thomas Edison over a billion-dollar question: Who invented the light bulb and holds the right to power the country?The case affords Paul entry to the heady world of high society—the glittering parties and the dark dealings behind closed doors. The task is beyond daunting. Edison is a dangerous opponent with vast resources at his disposal—private spies, newspapers. Yet this unknown lawyer shares with his famous opponent a compulsion to win at all costs.In obsessive pursuit of victory, Paul receives favors from Nikola Tesla, a brilliant inventor holding the key to defeating Edison.Bones Don't LiePrivate investigator Lance Kruger was just a boy when his father vanished twenty-three years ago. Since then he’s lived under the weight of that disappearance for over 20 years—until his father’s car is finally dragged out from Grey Lake. It should be a time for closure, except for the skeleton found in the trunk. A missing person case gone cold has become a murder.For Lance, the investigation yields troubling questions about a man he thought he knew. But memories can play dirty tricks. For his partner attorney Morgan, uncovering each new lie comes with a disquieting fear that someone is out there watching, killing every witness tied to this decades-old crime.60. In which way is The Last Days of Night different from the other three novels?A. In that The Last Days of Night exposes the evil and the dark dealings of the upper class life then.B. In that nobody is killed illegally in The Last Days of Night.C. In that the leading character in The Last Days of Night has got help from other characters.D. In that the leading character is born into a rich upper class family.61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. In Twilight Whispers, the biggest challenge for Katia and Jordan is the long separation of time and space between them.B. In The New Colossus, the cause of the murder is rooted in the then corrupted society.C. In The Last Days of Night, Paul finally wins the law case because of his client Westinghouse’s vast resources at disposal.D. In Bones don’t lie, Lance Kruger’s father was confirmed by the police as the murdered when Lance was a boy.62. The underlined word dissention is closest in meaning to ______.A. financial worsening C. the loss of powerB. silence D. conflict(C)If what we did were simply work to live, the reality of our everyday existence would be equivalent to that of stone age man. All of human achievement that makes modern life possible has happened because of the time that has been freed up from the work of everyday survival.For most of the human species on earth man and woman have been occupied with the simple business of staying alive in as much relative comfort as possible. Hunting and gathering, finding or building shelter, defending the little thatone has from plunder (抢夺), surviving long enough to have offsprings of a mature enough age to contribute to the welfare of the group—this was initially the main business of living. It has only been comparatively recently, since the agricultural and industrial revolutions that used emerging technologies to free human beings from the drudgery of day-to-day survival, that time has become available to do other than simply survive.However, living to work is a luxury that we should not take for granted, for even now still most of the human race couldn’t be blessed with the pearl.When we live to work we en joy what we are doing, otherwise we wouldn’t be doing it. The term “live to work” implies choice. Working to live denotes the exact opposite: anything will do that pays the bills. Anyone in the latter situation will attest to the undesirability of being in such a position. Living to work suggests exhilaration in one’s calling; it summons images of freedom and excitement in the prospect of what each new day will bring, whereas working to live suggests little choice if any. “What do you want to do when you grow up?” is a question with which most children will be familiar, perhaps even bored. It is a question of what even a young adult can often not be sure of until they have had experiences of many different jobs, or at least the ones they thought to try. But to be forced to work at a task that one does not enjoy day after day for survival would be last choice on anyone’s list. Enlightened humanity, while acknowledging that some undesirable jobs must be done regardless, would acknowledge that if one was motivated in his work, the work would be so much better accomplished.63. The underlined word drudgery is closest in meaning to ______.A. imaginationB. hard laborC. draggingD. familiarity64. It is implied in the text that human beings ______.A. have been satisfied by contributing to the welfare of the group.B. stayed alive in much possible comfort for centuriesC. made little progress before the emergence of technologiesD. were addicted to hunting, gathering and building shelters.65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Human achievements facilitating modern life are done during the leisure time freed from survival work.B. The major early business of humans is to seek chances for technological developments.C. In modern society, most people have enough comforts to make individual choices for work.D. Most adults can answer confidently questions concerning what jobs they want to do.66. The best title for the passage would be ______.A. Technology, a driving force to push humans aheadB. Working to live, a basic condition for pleasant living to workC. Different desires and prospects people have for different kinds of work.D. Working to live or living to work, a choice distinguishing joy from sufferingSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to understand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. ___67___ In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to be clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate (替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentations sound cruel. They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages ( 孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had “parents” specially devoted to them at the orphanage. ___68___ Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adoptive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ‘90s.A ban on abortion（流产) led to a surge in orphanage babies. Simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babies present serious problems. Many developed violent behaviors, repetitively rocking or banging their heads. Some were cold and withdrawn or indiscriminately affectionate. ___69___ Their head sizes were especially small. They even had problems with attention and comprehension. The longer these children were left alone, the more damage was seen.The lack of a secure attachment relationship in the early years has destructive consequences for both physical and mental health later in life, with long-lasting effects. The persistence of these effects emphasizes the need to intervene early in life. The Nobel-prize-winning economist James Heckman, has long argued that investing in early childhood education provides a greater return for society than virtually any other type of spending. It is obviously reflected in increased educational success and productivity,. The reduced crime, addiction, distress and disorder point to the same theory. Early life conditions critically affect adult life. ___70___ Remove it and the harm is great.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.African elephants are in trouble. Their numbers have fallen violently from as many as ten million a hundred years ago to as few as400,000 today. Losses are largely from poaching（偷猎）for the illegal ivory trade, and also because of the smaller living space for elephants, as people open up land for farming and development.Killing some elephants to help save the species is one suggested strategy for preserving them. Here’s the thinking:。