组织领导学期中试题杰德

The 18 Essay Questions for the LDRS 650 Mid Term Exam1.Do you feel that each frames’ metaphoric representation listed in the book is accurate?Use 4-5 paragraphs to explain your reasoning as to why or why not.你觉得书中列出的每一帧隐喻都是准确的吗？使用4-5段来解释你的推理，为什么或为什么不。

Structural Frame: Factory or MachineHuman Resource Frame: FamilyPolitical Frame: JungleSymbolic Frame: Carnival, Temple, or Theater结构框架：工厂或机器人力资源架构：家庭政治框架：Jungle象征性的框架：狂欢节、庙宇或剧院ing 4-5 paragraphs explain what it means to frame, reframe, and use multiframe thinking. In your answer, please give at least one example of a leader you know who used multiframe thinking to solve a difficult problem.使用4-5个段落解释框架，重构意味着什么，并用多元思维。

在你的答案，请至少举出一个例子一个领导者你知道谁用多帧思考一个难以解决的问题。

P43.A frame is a mental modelFraming is not a physical action, but a way of thinkingWe see through a frame; framing is our way of understanding situationsTo reframe is to break down the old frame and build a new one3.Across the world, it is not uncommon to hear about NGO, nonprofit, and charity organizations that are accused or found guilty of losing, wasting, or stealing donated money. In some cases, the managers of these organizations are paid excessive salaries, which leaves less money available to help those in need. Considering what you have learned so far, how do you think reframing could help to solve this type of problem? Discuss, using 4-5 paragraphs, this problem and the ways you would avoid such problems if you were responsible for managing such an organization. 在世界各地，听到非政府组织、非营利组织和慈善组织被指控或被发现犯有失去、浪费或偷窃捐赠资金的现象并不少见。

在某些情况下，这些机构的管理人员支付过多的工资，这使得更少的钱，以帮助有需要的人。

考虑到你所学到的东西，到目前为止，你认为如何重构可以帮助解决这类问题？讨论，使用4-5段落，这个问题和方法，你会避免这样的问题，如果你负责管理这样一个组织。

Greed, incompetence, and insensitivity (not caring about others) hurts many people and communities4. Using 4-5 paragraphs, introduce the four frames from the textbook and explain their purpose. In other words, why did the authors write about four frames? How can being able to see organizations from the four different frames be helpful? 使用4-5段，从课本中介绍四帧，并解释他们的目的。

换句话说，为什么作者写了大约四帧？如何能看到组织从四个不同的框架是有益的？P47Viewing the organization as a factory Organization architecturePlanning and goalsStructure and organizational chartsRoles and responsibilitiesCoordinationFormal relationshipsMetrics (measuring performance)Viewing the organization as a familyFocus on…Psychology (human thinking)Human needs and feelingsIndividual skills and limitationsCreating a fit between individuals and organizationsViewing the organization as a jungleFocus on:Competing for power and scarce resourcesConflict coming from different perspectives and needsBargaining, negotiation, coercion, and compromiseCoalitionsViewing the organization a temple or carnivalFocus on…CultureMeaningRituals, ceremonies, stories, heroes, and mythsThe four frames are built on the work of scientists and give us a way to look at organizations and the many complex situations found in them.ing 4-5 paragraphs, please discuss at least four of the six assumptions of the structural frame. Please introduce each assumption and explain its meaning. 使用4-5段，请讨论至少四个结构框架的六个假设。

请介绍每个假设并解释其含义Organizations exist to achieve established goals and objectivesOrganizations increase efficiency and enhance performance through specialization and appropriate division of laborSuitable forms of coordination and control ensure that diverse efforts of individuals and units meshOrganizations work best when rationality prevails over personal agendasEffective structures fit an organization’s current circumstances (including it’s goals, technology, workforce and environment)Troubles arise and performance suffers from structural deficits, remedied through problem solving and restructuring6. Vertical and lateral coordination are two different approaches to structural design. Describe each and discuss the differences between the two styles. Do you think vertical and lateral coordination can be used together? How? Be sure to answer using 4-5 paragraphs. 纵向和横向协调是结构设计的两种不同方法。

描述并讨论两种风格之间的差异。

你认为纵向和横向的协调可以一起使用吗？如何？一定要回答使用4-5段。

Vertical vs. Lateral CoordinationVertical coordinationAuthorityRules and policiesPlanning and Control SystemsLateral coordinationMeetingsTask forcesCoordinating rolesthe potimal blend of the two depends on the unique challenges in a given situation.Vertical coordination is generally superior if an environment is stable and tasks are well understood and predictable; uniformity is essential.Lateral communications work best when a complex task is performed in a turbulent,fast-changing environment.Every organization must find a design that works for its circumstances.Balance is keyEach organization will be differentStructural needs will constantly changeing Mitzberg’s Fives struc tural configurations, which do you feel is most useful to a small business (owner and two people) which is opening for the first time. Use 4-5 paragraphs to explain your reasoning.使用mitzberg的五结构配置，您觉得这是一个小企业最有用的（业主和两人）这是首次开放。