Methods of review and quality of review
论文研究方法 英文
论文研究方法英文Research Methods for Academic Papers。
Research methods play a crucial role in the development and execution of academic papers. The choice of research methods can significantly impact the quality andreliability of the findings. Therefore, it is essential for researchers to carefully consider and select appropriate research methods to ensure the validity and credibility of their work.One of the most commonly used research methods in academic papers is the empirical research method. This method involves the collection and analysis of data to answer specific research questions or test hypotheses. Empirical research can be conducted through various techniques, such as surveys, experiments, and observations. The key advantage of empirical research is that it provides concrete and measurable evidence to support the research findings. However, it is important for researchers toensure the reliability and validity of the data collected through rigorous research design and data analysis techniques.Another important research method is the literature review. This method involves the systematic review and analysis of existing literature on a particular topic. Literature reviews are valuable for providing a comprehensive understanding of the current state of knowledge in a specific area and identifying gaps or inconsistencies in the existing literature. Researchers can use literature reviews to build theoretical frameworks, develop research questions, and generate hypotheses for further empirical research. It is important for researchers to critically evaluate the quality and relevance of the literature to ensure the credibility of their findings.In addition to empirical research and literature reviews, qualitative research methods are also widely used in academic papers. Qualitative research methods focus on understanding the social and cultural context of a particular phenomenon through in-depth interviews, focusgroups, or participant observation. Qualitative research is valuable for exploring complex social phenomena and generating rich and nuanced data. However, it is important for researchers to address potential biases andsubjectivity in qualitative data collection and analysis.Furthermore, mixed methods research, which combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods, has gained popularity in academic papers. Mixed methods research allows researchers to triangulate different sources of data and perspectives to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research topic. However, researchers need to carefully integrate and interpret the findings from different methods to ensure the coherence and validity of the research outcomes.In conclusion, the choice of research methods is a critical decision for researchers in the development of academic papers. Researchers should carefully consider the strengths and limitations of different research methods and select the most appropriate methods to address their research questions and objectives. By using rigorous andsystematic research methods, researchers can enhance the validity and reliability of their findings, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
英文审稿意见汇总
英文审稿意见汇总以下12点无轻重主次之分。
每一点内容由总结性标题和代表性审稿人意见构成。
1、目标和结果不清晰。
It is noted that your manuscript needs careful editing by someone with expertise in technical English editing paying particular attention to English grammar, spelling, and sentence structure so that the goals and results of the study are clear to the reader.2、未解释研究方法或解释不充分。
◆ In general, there is a lack of explanation of replicates and statistical methods used in the study.◆ F urthermore, an explanation of why the authors did these various experimentsshould be provided.3、对于研究设计的rationale:Also, there are few explanations of the rationale for the study design.4、夸张地陈述结论/夸大成果/不严谨：The conclusions are overstated. For example, the study did not showif the side effects from initial copper burst can be avoid with the polymer formulation.5、对hypothesis的清晰界定：A hypothesis needs to be presented。
acs 查重 materials and methods -回复
acs 查重materials and methods -回复中括号内的内容为主题，写一篇1500-2000字文章，一步一步回答[ACS 查重Materials and Methods]。
Introduction:In scientific research, ensuring the validity and reliability of experimental results is crucial to advancing knowledge and maintaining the integrity of the scientific community. One important aspect of ensuring the authenticity of research findings is through the process of plagiarism detection or "check for similarity" which aims to identify any similarities between a submitted manuscript and previously published works. The American Chemical Society (ACS) has developed a robust system for checking scientific papers to identify any instances of overlapping content. This article will provide a step-by-step guide on how the ACS check for similarity method works.Step 1: SubmissionThe initial step in the process of ACS check for similarity is the submission of the manuscript through the ACS online submission portal. Once the author uploads the manuscript, it is assigned a unique identification number, and the system stores a digital copyof the document.Step 2: Text ExtractionOnce the manuscript is uploaded, the ACS system extracts the text from the document. This step involves converting the document into a machine-readable format, allowing the system to analyze the content effectively.Step 3: Database ComparisonThe extracted text is then compared against an extensive database of scientific articles, journals, and other publications. The ACS system has access to a vast collection of previously published works, both within the ACS publication network and external sources. The system uses advanced algorithms to identify any matches or similarities between the submitted manuscript and the existing database.Step 4: Similarity Score CalculationBased on the comparison with the database, the ACS system generates a similarity score for the submitted manuscript. The similarity score indicates the percentage of matching content, highlighting any areas of potential overlap.Step 5: Human EvaluationWhile the ACS system can provide an initial similarity score, it is important to note that it is not infallible. In the event of a high similarity score, the manuscript is flagged for further review by human evaluators. These evaluators are experienced scientists who thoroughly examine the identified matching content to determine the nature of the similarities.Step 6: Evaluation ReportAfter the human evaluation, a detailed evaluation report is generated. This report provides a breakdown of the areas of similarity, indicating specific sections or sentences that triggered potential matches. The report also highlights any references or citations that might require further verification.Step 7: Author ResponseUpon receiving the evaluation report, the authors are given an opportunity to respond to the identified similarities. They can provide explanations, justifications, or corrections to address any concerns raised during the review process. This iterative interaction helps in clarifying any inadvertent similarities and resolving anypotential issues before finalizing the manuscript.Step 8: Final DecisionThe ACS check for similarity process concludes with a final decision regarding the manuscript. Based on the evaluation report, author responses, and the overall assessment of originality, the decision is made whether the manuscript is accepted as is or if revisions are required. In cases of severe plagiarism or extensive matching content, the manuscript may be rejected.Conclusion:The ACS check for similarity Materials and Methods process is a comprehensive and rigorous method for ensuring the originality and authenticity of scientific research manuscripts. It involves a combination of automated text comparison, human evaluation, and author response. By having such a thorough process in place, the ACS reinforces the importance of academic integrity and maintains the reputation and credibility of the scientific community.。
牛津英语6A教案Unit 10 Review and check
牛津英语6A教案Unit 10 Review and check◆您现在正在阅读的牛津英语6A教案Unit 10 Revie and check文章内容由Aims.1. Revie Unit 1---Unit2.2. Do some exercises.Difficulties and emphasis.一般过去时的用法. (确定句与一般疑问句)Teaching preparationWorkbook. recorderTeaching procedureStep 1. Reading.Read the texts.Step 2. Phrases.Unit 11.football match2.at Jinling Primary School3.t next to me4.in the corner5.at the goal6.go over the goal7.go out of the football field8.in the same team 9.in the football fieldUnit 21.public sign2.a lot of questions3.different things4.stay aay from5.keep off6.the sign on the bird’s cage7.make noise8.keep quiet9.take a alk 10.a ten-yuan note 11.look around 12.a park keepere upStep 3. pronunciationStep 4. Exercises in orkbook.1. Look, Read and rite.P59____you go and atch dragon boat races at the ____ _____ _______?No, _____ _____. I ______ill.I’m sorry.2. Listen and choose.3. Listen and tick.Step 5. Homeork1. Recite the phrases.2. Do exercises in orkbook.P57,P58,P60Aims.1. Revie Unit 1---Unit 4.2. Do some exercises.Difficulties and emphasis.一般过去时的用法. (确定句与一般疑问句)Teaching preparationWorkbook.Teaching procedureStep 1. Reading.Read the texts.Step 2. Phrases.Unit 31.take aboute soon3.on the 18th of October4.have a birthday party5.as a birthday present6.a VCD of Japanese cartoons7.take off8.blo outUnit 41.Sports Day2.running race3.take some photos4.look for5.a moment ago6.just no7.on the ground8.a video recorder 9.a mobile phone 10.a pair of glasses11.a CD Walkman 12.a roll of filmStep 3. pronunciationStep 4. Exercises in orkbook.1. Read ,think and rite2. Look, read and circle.3. Read and anser.Step 5. Exercises in book.1. Look, match and say.2. Look, read and respond.last eekend, at lunchtime, this morning a present from Mum3. Look, read and complete.buy—bought take---tookStep 6. Homeork1. Recite the phrases.2. Do exercises in orkbook.P57,P58,P60Aims.1. Revie Unit 5---Unit 6.2. Do some exercises.Difficulties and emphasis.一般过去时，一般现在时，现在进行时的区分Teaching preparation补充练习Teaching procedureStep 1. Reading.Read the texts.Step 2. Phrases.Unit 6st eek2.the first day of school3.after the holiday4.in the school playground5.before classes6.ith my parents7.a funny cartoon8.visit a farm9.ith my family 10.on the farm 11.pull up carrots k cos13.collect eggs 14.fruit trees 15go to the farm 16.at the camp Aims.1. Revie Unit 7---Unit 8.2. Do some exercises.Difficulties and emphasis.一般过去时，一般现在时，现在进行时的区分Teaching preparation补充练习Teaching procedureStep 1. Reading.Read the texts.Step 2. Phrases.Unit 71.school festivals2.live in3.a ton near Nanjing4.at the eekends5.after dinner6.have a chat7.lots of=a lot of 8.have an Art Festival 9.on the 4th of November10.put the pictures on the all 11.near the school gate12.a lot of people 13.colourful kites 14.in the school hall15.Chinese dances 16.have a good time 17.fly a kite18.make a kite19.drink some juice 20.a Kite Festival 21.a Science Festival22.a Food Festival 23.at the Art FestivalUnit 81. get excitede after3. at Ne Year4. have a big lunch5. go to parties6. visit relatives and friends7. last Spring Festival8. dress up in costumes9. moon cakes 10. atch the moon 11 play ith lanterns 12. favourite holiday 13. make Easter eggs 14 give presents to each other 15. ear masks 16 make pumpkin lanternsStep 3. pronunciationStep 4. Exercises in orkbook.重复：规章：一般现在时：表示常常性的事情。
Elsevier上发表论文的作者须知
Elsevier上发表论文的作者须知-——中英文011-03-25 13:35:11Elsevier上发表论文的若干要求发表SCI论文的人，恐怕没有人不知道Elsevier的吧，这个位于荷兰的出版社是世界上最大的科技期刊出版单位了。
每年出版2,000 多种期刊和2,200种新书。
例如青霉素的发现、伟哥的发明等等重大科学成果的发表，都是在Elsevier出版的。
发表外文和中文不太一样，感觉上外国人屁事挺多的，有些矫情。
当然，也可以认为是人家编辑比较认真啦，商业规则很成熟，学术风气也比较正。
所以想发表论文还是得按照人家的要求来办。
我想发篇论文，结果发现Elsevier的发表要求还是蛮复杂的。
到网上看看有没有大侠翻译出来的中文版，结果没有找到合适的，有的人直接用翻译软件一翻译就挂到了网上，结果中文都不通顺，这怎么行？看来还是自己动手，丰衣足食吧。
花了一天时间，把在Elsevier 上提交论文的基本要求翻译了一下。
当然，本着积德行善的宗旨，供自用，也供大家方便。
当然，本人英文水平达不到专业级，翻译中难免有些错误，希望大侠给予指正。
此外，Elsevier 的每个期刊的要求不太一样，但也是大同小异，使用时需要分辨一下。
祝你发表论文顺利。
利益冲突：所有的投稿人都必须披露从其交稿前三年中可能产生不良影响的且与其工作相关的现实或潜在的利益纠纷，包括任何财务，个人或与其他人或其他组织的关系。
参见/conflictsofinterest。
提交声明：提交一篇文章意味着该文章所述工作尚未发布，（可以以摘要的形式发布，或作为学术演讲的形式发布），而且也没有考虑在其他地方出版。
如果该文章被接受，它的出版需要得到所有作者和主管部门的同意。
而且除非得到了版权持有人的书面同意，不能以其他形式出版（无论英文或其他语言，纸质还是电子版）。
作者保有的权利：作为作者（或作者的雇主、机构），您将保留一定的权利，详细情况请参见：/authorsrights。
英文文献综述写作要求和方法
英文文献综述写作要求和方法DefinitionA literature review（文献综述）is both a summary and explanation of the complete and current state of knowledge on a limited topic as found in academic books （学术著作）and journal articles（期刊论文）. There are two kinds of literature reviews you might write at university: one that students are asked to write as a stand-alone assignment in a course, often as part of their training in the research processes in their field, and the other that is written as part of an introduction to, or preparation for, a longer work, usually a thesis or research report. The focus and perspective of your review and the kind of hypothesis（假设）or thesis argument you make will be determined by what kind of review you are writing. One way to understand the differences between these two types is to read published literature reviews or the first chapters of theses and dissertations（学位论文）in your own subject area. Analyze the structure of their arguments and note the way they address the issues.Purpose of the Literature ReviewIt gives readers easy access to research on a particular topic by selecting high quality articles or studies that are relevant, meaningful, important and valid（有效的）and summarizing them into one complete report.It provides an excellent starting point for researchers beginning to do research ina new area by forcing them to summarize, evaluate, and compare originalresearch in that specific area.It ensures that researchers do not duplicate work that hasalready been done. 你所整理的文章中作者主要观察的重点是什么It can provide clues（线索）as to where future research is heading or recommend areas on which to focus. 现在的研究都到了什么程度It highlights key findings.It identifies inconsistencies（矛盾）, gaps and contradictions in the literature.It provides a constructive analysis of the methodologies and approaches of other researchers. 前面研究者的建设性的方法和途径Content of the ReviewIntroductionThe introduction explains the focus and establishes the importance of the subject（主题）. It discusses what kind of work has been done on the topic and identifies a ny controversies（争议）within the field or any recent research which has raised questions about earlier assumptions（假设）. It may provide background or history. It concludes with a purpose or thesis statement（中心思想）. In a stand-alone literature review, this statement will sum up and evaluate the state of the art （目前的工艺水平）in this field of research; in a review that is an introduction or preparatory to（为~~做准备）a thesis or research report, it will suggest how the review findings will lead to the research the writer proposes to undertake.Body（论文的内容）Often divided by headings/subheadings（标题/副标题）, the body summarizes and evaluates the current state of knowledge in the field. It notes major themes or topics, the most important trends, and any findings about which researchers agree or disagree. If the review is preliminary to （在~~之前）your own thesis or research project, its purpose is to make an argumentthat will justify your proposed research. Therefore, it will discuss only that research which leads directly to your own project.ConclusionThe conclusion summarizes all the evidence presented and shows its significance. If the review is an introduction to your own research, it highlights gaps and indicates how previous research leads to your own research project and chosen methodology. If the review is a stand-alone assignment for a course, it should suggest any practical applications of the research as well as the implications and possibilities for future research.Nine Steps to Writing a Literature Review（九步法写综述）1. Find a working topic.Look at your specific area of study. Think about what interests you, and what fertile ground for study is. Talk to your professor, brainstorm, and read lecture notes and recent issues of periodicals（期刊）in the field.2. Review the literature.Using keywords search a computer database. It is best to use at least two databases relevant to your discipline.Remember that the reference lists of recent articles and reviews can lead to valuable papers.Make certain that you also include any studies contrary to your point of view.3. Focus your topic narrowly and select papers accordingly.Consider the following:What interests you?What interests others?What time span（时间跨度）of research will you consider?Choose an area of research that is due for a review.4. Read the selected articles thoroughly and evaluate them.What assumptions do most/some researchers seem to be making?What methodologies do they use? - What testing procedures, subjects, material tested?Evaluate and synthesize（综合）the research findings and conclusions drawn.Note experts（专家）in the field: names/labs that are frequently referenced.Note conflicting theories, results, and methodologies.Watch for popularity of theories and how this has/has not changed over time.5. Organize the selected papers by looking for patterns and by developing sub-topics. Note things such as:Findings that are common/contested（争论）Two or three important trends in the researchThe most influential theories6. Develop a working thesis.Write a one- or two-sentence statement summarizing the conclusion you have reached about the major trends and developments you see in the research that has been done on your subject.7. Organize your own paper based on the findings from steps 4 & 5.Develop headings/subheadings. If your literature review is extensive, find a large table surface, and on it place post-it notes （便签纸）or filing cards（档案卡）to organize all your findings into categories. Move them around if you decide that (a) they fit better under different headings, or (b) you need to establish new topic headings.8. Write the body of the paperFollow the plan you have developed above, making certain that each section links logically to the one before and after and that you have divided your sections by themes or subtopics, not by reporting the work of individual theorists or researchers.9. Look at what you have written; focus on analysis, not description.Look at the topic sentences of each paragraph. If you were to read only these sentences, would you find that your paper presented a clear position, logically developed, from beginning to end? If, for example, you find that each paragraph begins with a researcher's name, it might indicate that, instead of evaluating and comparing the research literature from an analytical point of view, you have simply described what research has been done. This is one of the most common problems with studentFinishing T ouches: Revising and Editing Your WorkRead your work out loud. That way you will be better able toidentify where you need punctuation marks（标点符号）to signal pauses or divisions withinsentences, where you have made grammatical errors, or where your sentencesare unclear.Since the purpose of a literature review is to demonstrate that the writer is familiar with the important professional literature on the chosen subject, check to makecertain that you have covered all of the important, up-to-date, and pertinent texts.In the sciences and some of the social sciences it is important that your literature be quite recent; this is not so important in the humanities.Make certain that all of the citations and references are correct and that you are referencing in the appropriate style for your discipline. If you are uncertain which style to use, ask your professor.Check to make sure that you have not plagiarized either by failing to cite a source of information, or by using words quoted directly from a source. (Usually if youtake three or more words directly from another source, you should put thosewords within quotation marks, and cite the page.)Text should be written in a clear and concise academic style; it should not be descriptive in nature or use the language of everyday speech.There should be no grammatical or spelling errors.Sentences should flow smoothly and logically.In a paper in the sciences, or in some of the social sciences, the use of subheadings to organize the review is recommended.。
如何评阅临床研究论文
如何评阅临床研究论文How to Review a Clinical Research Paper如何评阅临床研究论文Michael D. Hill迈克尔·D·希尔Peer review is an essential component ofthe scientific process. It is imperfect, to be sure, but there is widespreadagreement that it is the best way to ensure that reliable scientificinformation is published. Being a reviewer is only 1 component of the processof publication. If you are an author or want to be an author, you have a dutyto take part in reviewing your colleagues’ papers, just as your colleagues havereviewed your papers. Reviewing papers is a helpful part of learning thetechnical art of medical writing because you see and learn by example, bothgood and bad. Although it is a volunteer duty, there is a skill in providing auseful review and mentorship and experience matter in how you provide yourreview. Herein, I provide some steps on how to review papers for Stroke,specifically focussing on clinical papers.同行评阅是科学过程的重要组成部分。
诊断学英文课件：Clinical-Diagnostics全
•No correct diagnosis •No appropriate treatment
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Contents of Clinical diagnostics
单击此处添课程名 5. Review of systems（系统回顾）
6. Personal history（个人史） 7. Menstrual history（月经史） 8. Marital history（婚姻史） 9. childbearing history（生育史） 10. Family history（家族史）
Method to learn -2
• 面临大量的临床资料，如何去粗取精、去伪存真地分析 和思考，正确的临床思维有时不是依靠独立思索而形成 的，临床会诊、讨论（MDT）等均可起到互相启发和取 长补短的作用。
单击此处添课程名 • 一个完整的诊断除需要有解剖学、功能学和影象学的诊 断外，在条件许可的情况下要尽可能作出病理学、细胞 学和病原学的诊断。 • 从一个医学生到一个能提出初步诊断的临床医生，是需
Clinical Diagnostics
单击此处添课程名
General Introduction
• What is Clinical diagnostics ?
• Con单ten击ts o此f c处lini添cal课dia程gn名ostics
• How to learn clinical diagnostics?
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