建筑给排水专业毕业设计以及外文翻译
给排水专业英文文献翻译
Key words: Sewage treatment, fixed-film and suspended-growth, Activated sludge Origins of sewage Sewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial
stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf
course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for
waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste or sludge suitable for discharge or
reuse back into the environment. This material is often inadvertently contaminated
Conventional sewage treatment may involve three stages, called primary,
secondary and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding
(effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to
给排水专业外文翻译
History of Water SupplyMan’s search for pure water began in prehistoric times. Much of his earliest activity is subject to speculation. Some individuals might have led water where they wanted it through trenches dug in the earth, a hollow log was perhaps used as the first water pipe.Thousands of years must have passed before our more recent ancestors learned to build cities and enjoy the convenience of water pipes to the home and drains for water-carried wastes. Our earliest archeological records of central water supply and wastewater disposal date back about 5000 years, to Nippur of Sumeria. In the ruins of Nippur there is an arched drain with the stones set in full "voussoir" position, each stone being a wedge tapering downward into place. Water was drawn from wells and cisterns.An extensive system of drainage conveyed the wastes from the palaces and residential districts of the city.The earliest recorded knowledge of water treatment is in the Sanskrit medical lore and Egyptian Wall inscri ptions. Sanskrit writings dating about 2000 B.C. tell how to purify foul water by boiling in copper vessels,exposing to sunlight, filtering through charcoal, and cooling in an earthen vessel.The earliest known apparatus for clarifying liquids was pictureed on Egyptian walls in the fifteenth and thirteenth centuries B.C. The first picture represents the siphoning of either water of settled wine. A second picture shows the use of wick siphons in an Egyptian kitchen.The first engineering report on water supply and treatment was made in A.D. 98 by Sextus Julius Frontinus, water-commissioner of Rome. He produced two books on the water supply of Rome. In these he described a settling reservoir at the head of one of the aqueducts. His writings were first translated into English by the noted hydraulic engineer Clemens Herschel in 1899.In the eight century A.D. an Arabian alchemist,Geber,wrote a rather specialized treatise on distillation that included various stills for water and other liquids.The English philosopher Sir Francis Bacon wrote of his experiments on the purification of water by filtration, boiling, distillation and clarification by coagulation. This was published in 1627, one year after his death. Bacon also noted that clarifying water trends to improve health and increase the "pleasure of the eye".The first known illutrated descri ption of sand filters was published in 1685 by LucAntonio Porzio, an Italian physician. He wrote a book on conserving the health of soldier in camps, based on his experience in the Austro-Turkish War. This was probably the earliest published work on mass sanitation.He described and illustrated the use of sand filters and sedimentation. Porzio also stated that his filtration was the same as "by those who built the wells in the Palace of the Doges in Venice and in the palace of Cardinal Sachett,at Rome."The oldest known archeological examples of water filtration are in Venice and the colonies she occupied. The ornate heads on the cisterns bear dates,but it is not known when the filters were placed.Venice,Built on a Series of islands, depended on catching and storing rainwater for its principal freshwater supply for over 1300 years. Cisterns were built and many were connected in stone-grated catch basins and then filtered through sand into cisterns.A comprehensive article on the water supply of Venice appeared in the Practical Mechanics Journal in 1863.The land area of Venice was 12.85 acres and the average yearly rainfall was 32 inches(in). Nearly all of this rainfall was collected in 177 public and 1900 private cisterns. Thesecisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).This low consumption was due in part to the absence of sewers, the practice of washing clothes in the lagoon,and the universal drinking of wine. These cisterns continued to be the principal water supply of Venice until about the sixteenth century.Many experiments were conducted in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in England,France Germany,and Russia.Henry Darcy patented filters in france and England in 1865 and anticipated all aspects of the American rapid sand filter except coagulatin.He appears to be the first to apply the law of hydraulics to filter design.The first filter to supply water to a whole town was completed at Paisley,Scotland,in 1804,but this water was carted to consumers. In Glasgow, Scotland,in 1807 filtered water was piped to consumers.In the United States little attention was given to water treatment until after the Civil War. Turbidity was not as urgent a problem as in Europe. The first filters were of the slow sandtype,similar to British design. About 1890 rapid sand filters were developed in the United States and coagulants were introduced to increase their efficency. These filters soon evolved to our present rapid sand filters with slight modification.历史上的水供应人类对纯净水的搜寻开始于史前时代。
建筑给排水工程设计外文翻译--水表设置
外文资料翻译On setting the metersetting the meter. Long-term since, our country residence water meter are arranged on the indoor kitchen or toilet water concentration, the water more and scattered residences, sometimes even a indoor set more than one meter. In recent years, water meter is arranged on the indoor and caused many problems cause the attention of people increasingly: Home meter reading disturbs people 's normal life and may lead to residential burglary, privacy and safety not guaranteed: management of meter reading meter reading is not easy and large labor intensity: individual user steals water management departments to prevent and punish and so on. Because of these problems, water production has become an inevitable choice. Therefore, the newly revised national standard ( code for design of building water supply"GBJ15--88article 2.5.8: residential building should be installed in household water meter, household water meter or household water meter digital display should be located outdoors. Meter households generally have the following ways: Household water meter concentrated in the roof ( water supply ) or the underlying space ( water supply ). This mode is often used for multi-stormy residential. In general a unit provided with a ladder of water meter water meter well ( box ), household water pipe along the interior tube or building wall into the indoor. The utility model has the advantages of convenient reading; reading, low labor intensity of workers, can avoid users water behavior. Disadvantages are: material consumption, head loss of pipeline, occupying larger space pipeline well, such as a wall is easy to affect the appearance of the building, the user branches not easy maintenance.Meter is arranged on the stair landing platform. Vertical water supply pipe is arranged on the platform, each provided with a water tank; the water meter box embedded platform resting on both sides of the wall. The utility model has the advantages of: user branches short, saving material, low head loss of pipeline, the shortcoming is: water dispersed settings, meter reading personnel of great labor intensity; usually indoor fire hydrant box is installed on a platform, so that the already crowded rest platform more cramped, traffic inconvenience to the residents.Each layer isMeter centralized meter room, household water meter on the wall. The utility model has the advantages of the same with B, the disadvantages are: household pipeline must follow the public walkway under floor into interior and corridors, ceiling requirements.Will be the traditional ordinary mechanical water meter changes for telemetering water meter or IC card intelligent water meter. Remote water meter accurate calculation without reading, this form must be a deposit a certain amount of water, will recharge after insertion of the IC card water meter reading can be water. Because the remote water meter and IC card table relatively expensive and technically still exist certain problems, hence in practice has not been widely applied.Above a few kinds of water-meter, each has its advantages and disadvantages, concrete in practical engineering design in which way, by the design staff according to residential properties, grades and local industry management department requirement.1.2water supply pipe arrangement and laying. At present, to build the house in one hutch two defend very general already, even with some houses one hutch three defend one hutch four defend, kitchen, toilet, the balcony, and each water using point locations are more dispersed. User branches to water points along the interior floor pipeline such as hanging, inevitable requirement set indoor ceiling, wall should also have the anti-condensation measures to bring inconvenience, household decoration, after all, not all tenants wanted to ceiling. ( the building water supply and drainage design specification ) GB15 2000(manuscript ) as specified in article 3.6.18, water supply pipe should be laid in the floor ( ground ) surface of the leveling layer or along the wall laying pipe groove, laying the leveling layer or the tube groove water supplying pipe outside diameter is less than 25mm. In fact, if connected to two or more than two water points, water supply branch pipe are connected together in series, the pipe diameter is more than 25mm. Therefore, in order to meet the specification requirements, water supply branch door after access water separator, a water segregator dark kitchen or bathroom wall, through the diversion device connected to each water using point branch pipe diameter can be controlled under 25mm. But it should be noted: a leveling layer water supply pipe after completion of construction, should be in the position to do the obvious markers, lest the household decoration, destruction of water supply pipeline.水表设置关于水表设置。
毕业设计 - 给水排水工程专业本科毕业设计文献翻译
中国化学工程学报155（2009）1就有氧厌氧处理工业和城市废水化学与环境工程学院，工程学院，诺丁汉大学马来西亚校区，惹布罗加，雪兰莪州，马来西亚文章信息文章历史：1四月2009关键词：工业废水厌氧处理城市污水有氧综合厌氧有氧生物反应器工业和城市废水厌氧- 好氧系统已良好运行多年。
虽然以前大部分的废水处理已开展传统的厌氧- 好氧处理厂，近年来，高速率厌氧- 好氧生物反应器已被越来越多的高化学需氧量（COD）的废水。
本文提供了一个高速率厌氧- 好氧污水处理技术的各类审查目前提供包括高速率生物反应器和综合厌氧- 好氧生物反应器。
综合分为四种类型，其中包括（i）与物理整合的生物反应器，生物反应器厌氧- 好氧区的分离，（二）无物理隔离的一体化生物反应器厌氧- 好氧区，（三）结合厌氧- 好氧序列间歇式反应器（SBR）及（iv）厌氧- 好氧文化系统。
在好氧和厌氧降解途径整合一个单一的生物反应器是能够提高整体的降解效率。
不同的集成的优点厌氧- 好氧生物反应器是突出和比较，以确定未来可能研究领域，充分利用这些污水处理方法。
比较表明治疗高强度工业废水的一体化生物反应器，使用堆叠配置是有利的，由于最小的空间要求，较低的资本成本和优良的COD去除率（超过83％）。
1．介绍过去一个世纪中，人口的不断增长和工业化,导致各种生态系统退化，影响人类生活的依靠。
在远洋和内河，这种污染主要是由于自净能力不足处理的工业和市政污水。
在初始阶段，这些废水含有高浓度的可以很容易生物降解的污染物，但其影响对生态系统的加载，无论是在总悬浮固体（TSS），生化需氧量（BOD5），化学需氧量（COD），可能在数万数千mg / L的[1]。
为了解决这个问题，我们的水环境增加负担，日益严格的正在实施的各种污染排放的监管，以减少废物的主要焦点。
“经常被视为产业发展的治疗系统，作为一个监管的义务，增加资本和运行成本，产生负面的经济回报。
环保立法应该没有必要带头创建额外费用，但是可以提供一个次要来源收入。
给排水专业毕业设计英文翻译--中英文对照 --医院建筑给水排水
1、外文原文（复印件）
Supplying anddraining waterinhospital construction
With the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique , the new armamentarium are continuing without end , modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital , are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying. Disregarding secondary hospital building function , what whose gets along environment, still , finclause the hospital builds equipment and is equipped with system, the request is without exception higher and higher. Because of it is to ensure daily work living not only need the rapid and intense life relevance recovering from the illness , avoiding crippling , rescuing, and promote with giving treatment to a patient. Not only the design accomplishing to the special field draining away water need to satisfy the request being unlike a function in hospital building on equipment , but also safety is be obliged to reliable. Following is built according to the hospital.
建筑给排水文献毕设翻译
英文翻译院（系）环境与市政工程专业班级给水排水工程1001班姓名李倩昱学号100320115指导教师王俊萍2014年 04月 18日The effect of rainwater storage tanks on design stormsFrom Urban WaterG. Vaes *, J. Berlamont AbstractThe effect of source control measures on the design of combined sewer systems can in most cases only be correctly assessed using the intrinsic temporal rainfall variability, because long antecedent periods can have an important influence. A conceptual model was built to assess the effect of rainwater tanks on the rainfall runoff using long term historical rainfall series. The outflow of the rainwater tank model is converted to equivalent rainfall series. Based on intensity/duration /frequency-relationships (IDF-relationships) for this equivalent flattened rainfall, modified design storms are developed. ○C2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Design storm; Intensity/duration/frequency-relationships; Rainwater;Source control; Storage tanks1. IntroductionThe driving force behind the behaviour of many hydraulic structures and systems is the rainfall input. In order to simplify design calculations and limit simulation time, representative single storm events are often used. In Flanders, standard design storms are used for the design of combined sewer systems, based on intensity/duration/frequency-relationships (IDF-relationships) (Vaes, 1999). These design storms are called `composite' storms (Fig. 1), because for one return period all storm durations are included in one storm [comparable with the well-known Chicago-storms (Keifer & Chu, 1957)].However, the variability of the rainfall is high. A comparison between the simulation results (flow, water depth, etc. in hydrologic/hydraulic systems) obtained with continuous simulations and simulations with design storms indicate that significant differences may be found for the probability of an event when the intrinsic variability of the rainfall is neglected (Dahl, Harremoes, & Jacobsen, 1996; Vaes, 1999). The differences will be small for systems, which behave linearly, because the immediate rainfall determines the peak flow and maximum water levels. When the systems behaves more as `capacitive' systems (i.e., where the storage becomes an important parameter), the differences will be larger. A capacitive system has a `memory' that is influenced by the antecedent rainfall. Often combined sewer systems have an emptying time, which tends towards 12 h. For source control structures, the emptying time is even larger (weeks or months). If a severe storm occurs within a short period after an earlier storm, the antecedent rainfall may still occupy a large amount of the storage capacity in the combined sewer system or retention structure. The larger the influence of the memory is, the larger the intrinsic variability of the rainfall will influence the simulation results. For example, for a combined sewer system in a flat region with one pump at the downstream end, the throughflow is almost independent of the storage volume. The stored volume in the system is therefore mainly dependent on the inflow. This is also the case for infiltration structures, where the infiltration capacity is only slightly determined bythe storage in the structure and the remaining storage capacity in the structure is therefore mainly a function of the input history.More and more `capacitive' systems have been built in the last years and will still be built in future. Large storage volumes are necessary to retain the rainfall and to attenuate the flow. These storage volumes can be built in the sewer system (on-line storage) or at the combined sewer overflow (off-line storage). However, more and more attention is now going to `source control'. This means that storage is provided in rainwater tanks, infiltration trenches, etc. upstream of the drainage system. For these source control implementations the influencing antecedent rainfall period is even larger than for storage in the combined sewer system. It has been found that source control requires larger storage volumes (relative to the contributing area) than for down-stream storage (Vaes & Berlamont, 1998, 1999); as well found by Herrmann and Schmida (1999). Due to the longer emptying times for upstream storage, the available storage for retention is much smaller. This all amplifies the need to take into account the intrinsic variability of the rainfall for specific design calculations.2. Effect of retention facilities on downstream drainage systemsThe effect of source control on the design of combined sewer systems can in most cases only be correctly assessed using the intrinsic temporal variability, because long antecedent periods can have an important influence. When storage is built in upstream of the combined sewer system (i.e., before the rainwater enters into the sewer pipes), the rainfall input used to simulate the runoff to the sewer system can be preprocessed in order to take into account the effect of the upstream storage.These local source control implementations are easy to model with a simple reservoir model, which can handle continuous long term simulations in a very short computation time. This preprocessed rainfall can then be used to design the downstream drainage systems. This approach can for example be used for rainwater tanks and infiltration trenches. For rainwater tanks the antecedent rainfall up to one month before may have an effect.With the same simple models the optimal design parameters for rainwater tanks can be determined (e.g.,Herrmann& Schmida,1999; Mikkelsen, Adeler, Albrechtsen, & Henze, 1999), which has led to a design graph for rainwater tanks in Flanders asshown in Fig. 2 (Vaes & Berlamont, 1998, 1999). Furthermore, using simple models for the upstream retention structure as well as for the sewer system (Vaes, 1999), the impact of the upstream retention on the combined sewer overflows can be investigated (Herrmann & Schmida, 1999; Vaes,1999; Vaes & Berlamont, 1998, 1999).3. MethodologyTo incorporate the effect of rainwater tanks on the sewer system design, a model was built to assess the effect of a rainwater tank on the historical rainfall series and to incorporate this effect into a modified composite storm.For this, a simple reservoir model is used with a constant outflow equal to the mean rainwater use in the household (Fig. 3). The fraction α of the rainfall that falls on the roof will flow to the rainwater tank. The rest of the rainfall (1-α) that falls on the other impervious areas is drained directly to the combined sewer system. A small rainwater reuse discharge is slowly emptying the rainwater tank as long as there is water available in the tank. This rainwater will flow to the combined sewer system after it has been used. If the tank is full, all the extra water will flow to the combined sewer system.In Fig. 4 an overview of the implemented methodology is shown. The outflowof the rainwater tank model is converted to equivalent rainfall. A reduction coefficient is determined as the ratio of the IDF-relationship for this equivalent flattened rainfall over the corresponding IDF-relationship for the original rainfall series. The original composite storms are corrected with this reduction coefficient, which is (approximately) a linear function of the storm duration. The reason for the use of a reduction coefficient on the original composite storm is that a more elaborate extreme value analysis was performed to create these original composite storms.4. Extreme value estimationAs the rainfall data have a large intrinsic variability, certainly for high return periods, a specific regression is needed, corresponding to the extreme value estimation for the original IDF-relationships. However, the rain-water tank appears to change the type of the extreme value distribution. The very extreme rainfall events are rarely affected by the storage in the rainwater tanks and thus still fit to the original exponential distribution (Willems, 1998). The more frequent rainfall events are affected more by the smoothing caused by the storage in the rainwater tank and evolve to another exponential distribution. The resulting distribution thus containstwo exponential distributions, which gradually fade into each other. This compound exponential distribution can be approximated by a Pareto distribution, at least for interpolation purpose as in this case. A Pareto distribution has a more heavy tail, which means that there is a larger probability for the extreme events. This Pareto distribution leads to a linear relationship between rain-fall intensity i and return period T in a double logarithmic co-ordinate system (a1 and a2are regression constants):log i =a1+a2 log T.The influence of this smoothing is more pronounced for small storm durations and for rainwater tanks with a large retention function. Depending on which regression will give the best correlation, the exponential distribution will be kept or the Pareto distribution will be used. The application of a simple regression will be sufficient in this case, because no extrapolation will be made for return periods higher than the total length of the original rainfall series. In the end, a linear regression will be used on the reduction coefficients as a function of the storm duration, to obtain a monotonous modified composite storm.5. Practical applicationAs many parameters are involved, this methodology has been implemented in a software program, which was called `Rewaput' (`REgenWAterPUT' is the Dutch word for `rainwater storage tank'). The same methodology can be used to incorporate the effect of rainfall runoff models or upstream infiltration trenches into the designstorms. As more and more source control is applied, this approach will certainly lead to better rainfall input for design calculations in the future.Infiltration and retention facilities often behave non-linearly, because the outflow is often very strictly limited. Continuous long term simulations are thus necessary. The implementation of a simple conceptual model for the upstream retention facilities is simple and the simulation of long time series in this conceptual model does not require long calculation times. In this model 27 years of rainfall is incorporated, which is the same series of rainfall that has been used to determine the Flemish composite design storms (period 1967-1993). One set of parameters for the Rewaput model requires only about five seconds of calculation time on a Pentium III 733 MHz computer. If the parameters vary over a specific catchment, the parameter distributions can be discretised and several sets of parameters can be taken into account. In this case the discretisation step, the deviation on the parameters and the number of varying parameters determine the number of calculations, which have to be performed. In the model Rewaput, a triangular distribution is implemented to approximate the stochastic character of the storage volume and the water consumption (i.e., variation over a catchment) (Fig. 5). For each variation within this triangular distribution the effect is multiplied by the weight corresponding to the parameter distribution in order to calculate the global effect. Using two stochastic parameters the calculation time quadratically increases. To reduce the calculation time the discretisation step has to be chosen taking into account the deviation on the parameters.6. ResultsAlthough the storage in rainwater tanks and infiltration facilities is not always completely available during severe rainfall (i.e. because the facility is already filled with the antecedent rainfall), this kind of upstream retention facility still can have a large influence on the rainfall runoff to the sewer system. It has been shown that well-designed rainwater tanks can even significantly reduce the peak flow in sewer systems, if they are installed on a sufficiently large scale. In Fig. 6, an example is shown of what the possible effect of rainwater tanks on a design storm can be. In this case, it is assumed that rainwater tanks of 5000 l per 100 m2 roof area are built for 30% of the total impervious area and that 100 l per day and per 100 m2roof arearainwater is consumed. This almost reduces the peak of the composite storm for 5 years to the value of the composite storm for 1 year. It is impossible to predict this effect using a single storm design approach.7. ConclusionsThis methodology shows the large impact of source control facilities on design rainfall for the downstream drainage systems. Furthermore, it shows that it is important to incorporate the real variability of the rainfall in order to obtain an accurate estimation of the effect of upstream retention. In order to limit the calculation times this can be successfully applied using simple models.This methodology can also be used to incorporate the effect of a non-linear surface runoff model or to simulate the effect of infiltration facilities, even when they are influenced by the ground water table. Currently, in Flanders, for sewer system design a fixed runoff coefficient of 0.8 is used for the impervious area. When (long term) measurements are available, a more realistic runoff model (i.e., a more capacitive (depression storage based) runoff model) can be calibrated. This can then be included in the design calculations by routing long rainfall series through the simple conceptual runoff model and incorporate the effect in the design storms. The same is valid for infiltration facilities and runoff from pervious areas. Simple conceptual models can be used to reshape the design storms, so that simple design storms are obtained without neglecting the effect of the rainfall variability on theupstream retention facilities.AcknowledgementsThe authors are grateful to the Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute that made the rainfall series available in digitised form for research purposes and to the Flemish water company Aquafin for their support to this research.References[1] Herrmann, T., & Schmida, U. (1999). Rainwater utilisation in Germany:efficiency, dimensioning, hydraulic and environmental aspects. Urban Water, 1(4), 307-316.[2] Keifer, C. J., & Chu, H. H. (1957). Synthetic storm pattern for drainage design.Journal of Hydraulic Div., 83(4).[3] Mikkelsen, P. S., Adeler, O. F., Albrechtsen, H.-J., & Henze, M. (1999).Collected rainfall as a water source in Danish households -what is the potential and what are the costs? Water Science Technology, 39(5), 49-56.[4] Vaes, G. (1999). The influence of rainfall and model simplification on the designof combined sewer systems. Ph.D thesis. University of Leuven, Belgium.[5] Vaes, G., & Berlamont, J. (1998). Optimization of the reuse of rainwater. InProceedings of the international WIMEK congress on options for closed water systems, Wageningen, Netherlands.[6] Vaes, G., & Berlamont, J. (1999). The impact of rainwater reuse on CSOemissions. Water Science Technology, 39(5), 57-64.[7] Willems, P. (1998). Hydrological applications of extreme value analysis. InInternational conference on hydrology in a changing environment, Exeter, UK.雨水储存槽对暴雨设计的影响选自《城镇水网》作者：乔.沃思；简.伯夏娜摘要在大多数情况下设计联合排水系统，水量控制影响能正确评估天然的暂时性降雨，因为长时间的前期降雨会产生极大的影响，建立一个概念性的模型能够评估雨水储存槽系统能在长期历史降水时期的降雨量，雨水槽系统模型将水流量变为平均流出量。
毕业设计---某18层商住楼建筑给排水(含外文翻译)
前言如今，我国国民经济实力的不断增强，建筑业的迅速发展，建筑物的总体建设水平不断提高。
建筑内部的给水排水工程是建筑设备中的重要组成部分，其技术水平及先进性直接影响建筑物的使用功能，与人们生活，环境，安全息息相关，涉及到千家万户，与社会的环境保护，水资源的合理利用，可持续性发展紧密相连。
建筑给水排水工程发展迅速，在理论和实践上都将不断地完善和发展，对建筑给水排水专业的人员，在数量和质量上都提出了更高的要求，应具有更先进的设计理念和更高的设计水平，不断引进先进技术，要切实把理论和实践相结合。
为了巩固和掌握建筑给水排水工程的理论知识和实践能力，本次毕业设计的是深圳市某高层建筑给水排水系统。
其中包括建筑给水系统，建筑排水系统，建筑消防系统的设计。
只有用科学的方法和实践的结合，才能保证给水排水的系统的安全可靠运行，保证用户的用水需求，又可以最大限度的降低建设投资和运行成本。
在平时的学习中已经积累了一定的理论基础知识，再加上这次的建筑给水排水工程的设计实践，又加深了对理论基础知识的理解和系统化，更锻炼了动手能力，也为以后的设计奠定了坚实的基础。
只有把理论和实践相结合才能发现问题，解决问题，加深记忆。
在这次设计中参考了大量书目，其中主要参考书目附于其后。
由于高层建筑给水排水系统涉及内容和知识领域广泛，加之本人缺乏实际的工程经验，在设计中难免出现一些不太合理之处，恳请各位老师提出宝贵意见。
李小龙2012.6摘要在综合对比分析的基础上，设计了深圳某高层商住楼建筑给水系统、建筑排水系统、建筑消防系统（消火栓给水系统及自动喷水灭火系统）、建筑屋面雨水排水系统设计。
给水系统采用分区供水，低区一到六层，由市政管网直接供水；中区七到十二层，高区十三到十八层，均采用无负压变频供水。
排水系统采用污、废水合流制，底层单独排放，排水立管设伸顶通气管，污水直接排向市政污水管网。
消防系统分消火栓给水系统和自动喷水灭火系统，其中消火栓系统采用水泵供水。
中英文对照的建筑给排水设计说明
中英文对照的建筑给排水设计说明MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORTSTADIUM1.给排水设计饮用水和污水1.Sanitary DesignWater and sewage water.设计基础- 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图- 建筑专业提供的条件图- 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章.Design basesDesign Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client. Condition drawings from architectural discipline.Current national design codes and related stipulations2. 给水系统通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入.水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处.供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池.由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水.2. Water supply systemFor water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks. 设计范围包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防.Design scopeDesign scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line. 给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 .体操馆供水管埋地敷设.Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.3.用水量标准- 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=2.0- 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=2.0- 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=2.0- 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=2.0- 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日- 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计- 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计- 消防用水:消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时;自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时卷帘水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时;Water consumption standard- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0- Staff 25L/perso n·day K=2.0- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·dayMake-up water for cooling tower: 2% of theactual cold water consumption.Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the dailywater consumption.Water for fire protectionHydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fireduration time is 3h;Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration time is 1h;Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration time is 3h;在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机.为此饮用水系统安装循环泵.机房设在地下室的水除了机房.当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败.在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵.在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水.为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头.Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot watercirculating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.4.用水量最大日用水量:2.200m3/日最大时用水量:220m3/时Water consumption demandMaximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/dayMaximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour却循环系统冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统.总冷却水用量为460m3/h.在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co .补充水量9,6 m3/h.补充水由市政供水网直接提供.Cooling water circulation systemThere are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用).用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙.In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.消防用水消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计卷帘水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3;自动喷洒用水量为79.2 m3;卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3;一次火灾用水量为1.861,2;Water for fire protectionWater consumption standard for fire protectionHydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration is 3hSprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration is 1hDrencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration is 3hWater consumption for fire protectionHydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively Sprinkler: 79.2 m3Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3消火栓的布置在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米.消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱.室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器.Hydrant arrangementNecessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.消防系统防水泵房及消防水池供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装一定数量的消火栓.两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池.消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为2.000m3.Fire protection systemWater pump room and water pool for fire protectionThe lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are installed.Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.自动喷淋系统自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间.喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内.报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内.Sprinkler systemSprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统.餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头.三组泵接合器安装在室外.Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.排水系统为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管.排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆.餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网.给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网.化粪池在输送区旁.最大天排水量为870m3/天.9. Drainage systemMain vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank,then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.卷帘水幕系统地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统.水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制.十组泵接合器安装在室外Drencher system for rolling shuttersRolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网.There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers. Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统.Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器.According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外.Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.雨水系统雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水.雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465计算.沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟.雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井.10. Rainwater systemPressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system. Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall duration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.11.管材- 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接.- 直饮水管采用不锈管.- 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接.- 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接.-二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接.- 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接.Pipe materialCopper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes. Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池. When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池.此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约7.500 m .喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里.The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield andas reservoir for outdoor greening.The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.2.0 制冷2.0 Cooling冷源:空调冷负荷(估算):本工程建筑面积共50.000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房.空调设计日峰值冷负荷为2.4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW.Refrigerating sourceCooling load of air conditioning systemTotal floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.每台1200kW制冷机配一台流量为206m3/h离心泵.各配一台备用泵一次泵采用压差旁路控制.通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水.A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pumpVia earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.冷源的选择:根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房.设计容量为4800kW. 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力为总设计容量的25%.冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等.冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C.Selection of refrigerating sourceAccording to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路.二次泵采用变频调速控制.根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速.二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式.Secondary pump system:Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps空调冷冻水系统由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统.Chilled water systemDue to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.管材:水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管.本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作.每节风管之间用法兰连接.Pipe and duct materialsThe water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.Air ducts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except ducts by civil construction. Air ducts are connected together by flanges.一次泵系统:供应楼冷冻机房2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/h.配一台备用泵.Primary pump system:Chiller room supply buildingA centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. Oneoperation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.保温材料:空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温.空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温.- 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.Thermal materialsphenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return ducts as well as fresh air ducts after chillers.Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the ducts go through.消声与隔振:冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪.在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接.- 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离.Noise reduction and vibration isolationShock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to reduce vibration and lower noise.Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators. Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.3.0空调和通风系统3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems方案设计范围Scope of schematic design空调设计Air Conditioning Design在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统.这些区域划分为:西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室东侧地下二层酒店门廊地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区.首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdividethemselves as follows:VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2Hotel lobby in the east of level –2Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0空调和通风机组设置于靠近地下一层楼梯底部的机防.新风从楼梯底的风室被引入机房而被空调处理器吸入.从此,通过水平和垂直风道送至使用区.用于以上区域的空调机组分为12 台暖通空调机组,具有以下特点The air conditioning and ventilation units for the using ranges are placed in die mechanical plantroom nearby the stairs in the bottom of the stadium in Level -1. The outside air will be brought into the Plantrooms from fresh air chambers under these stairs and let to the air handling units. From here, the will be led via horizontal an vertical duct to the using ranges.The air conditioning units for the ranges specified above will be devided into 12 HV AC- units (drawings) with the following characteristics:以下区域仅设置排风系统:地下二层停车区域地下二层电气机房地下一层卫生间首层卫生间一层卫生间宾馆客房设置分散式风机盘管加新风系统.贵宾室设置风机盘管.For the following ranges, only exhaust air systems are planed:Parking area in Level –2Electrical Plantrooms in Level –2Toilets in Level –1Toilets in Level 0Toilets in Level +1For the guestrooms of the Hotel decentralized Fancoil Units with ourside air connection are planed. The VIP- boxes will be equiped with Fancoil Units.AC1, AC6, AC7, AC12地下一层的附属用房(储存,机房,楼层,观众区 )换气次数 2 – 6 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC1, AC6, AC7, AC12Siderooms ( Storage, Plantrooms, Floors, Spectaors area) in Level -1Air Changing rate 2- 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Dual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 2地下一层的医务服务,热身区,运动员更衣间,裁判区换气次数 2 – 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出夏季最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %冬季最高室内温度 22 –24°C室内发热量:- 照明 20 W/m- 机器 10 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 2Medival Service Area, Warm up Area, Changing rooms Athletes, Judges Are in Level- 1Air Changing rate 2- 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityin SummerRoomtemperatur 22 –24 °C in WinterIndoor heat loadLighting 20 W/mMachines 10 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 4地下一层的医务中心,办公室换气次数 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 4Media Center, Offices in Level –1Air Changing rate 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 3地下二层的贵宾休息室,地下一层的贵宾大堂,混合区,首层的贵宾办公室和贵宾区换气次数 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 20 W/m- 机器 10 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 3VIP Lobby in Level –2, VIP Lobby, Mixed zone in Level –1, VIP Offices and VIP area in Level 0Air Changing rate 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 20 W/mMachines 10 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 5地下一层的厨房,服务和特许区厨房的换气次数 100m /m 小时,新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出服务和特许区的换气次2-4数次/小时, 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出双风机,全空气系统最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 80 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 5Kitchen, Service and Concession area in Level -1Air Changing rate 100 m /m h for the Kitchen; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Air Changing rate 2-4 times/h for the Service and Concession area; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 80 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smokeAC 8地下一层的健身中心,员工更衣间,特许区换气次数 2 – 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 80 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 8Fitness Center, Changingrooms Staff, Concessio in Level -1Air Changing rate 2-4 times/h; Fitness Center 6 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 80 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smokeAC 10地下二层地的宾馆走廊,地下一层的宾馆走廊和餐厅,首层的宾馆区换气次数 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 10可能亦用于人防区的送风.此部分的设计由人防技术设备设计工程师审核.AC 10Hotel Lobby in Level- 2, Hotel Lobby and Restaurant in Level -1, Hotel area in Level 0Air Changing rate 4 times/h; Restaurant 8 times/h;supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.The AC- unit No. 10 might also be used as a supply air unit for the shelter. This has to be checked by the engeneers who will plan the technical equipment for the shelter.AC 9通风地下车库:设计一个换气次数 6次/小时的排气排烟通风系统.由地下一层的空调机组送风,送风经过车库顶棚的垂直风口进入水平风道,然后送至各处.输送区:输送区设置一个隧道通风系统.空气通过北侧被吸入建筑物,然后通过轴流风机输送到输送区.空气通过南侧的就近道路排出.VentilationUnderground Garage:For the underground garage an air exhaust an smoke exhaust ventilation system with an air exchange rate of 6 times/h is provided. The supply air for the garage will be delivered from the AC- Units in Level- 1 an brougt into the garage via vertical openings in the ceiling of the garage and distributed over horizontal ducts. Delivery Circle:For the delivery circle a tunnel ventilation system is installed. Air is sucked at the south side of the stadium into the building and transported by axial jet fan through the delivery zone.各功能区的规划包括水平管道和竖井.各区域无异味和污染物的排风将被作为送风送入车库. 剩余的排风和排烟将通过一个地下风道送到供应楼,并通过屋顶排出.排烟内部区域均设置机械排烟.通风系统的管道亦即排烟道. 在空调机房内,烟气通过一条旁通风道送至车库排风机,亦为排烟机(300°/ 30 分).The development of the functional areas is made by horizontal ducts and vertical pits. The exhaust air from ranges which are not smell-loaded or contained pollutants are brought as supply air into the garage.The remaining exhaust air and the removal of smoke exhaust air are led over an underground channel to the supplying building and blown out there over roof. Smoke ExhaustionAll ranges on the inside are exhaustet from smoke mechanically.The duct system of the existing ventilation systems is used. In the HVAC plant rooms, the flue gases are led over a bypass channel to the exhaust air fan for the garage, which have to be designed to be used as smoke- exhaust fan (300°/ 30 min).室内储存和技术房:此区内,设置简单的送排通风系统.卫生间:地下一层和首层的卫生间由临近区域的通风系统供应新风.一层卫生间通过向外开口进风.地下一层卫生间排气排入输送区.首层和一层卫生间将通过独立的排气扇将废气排入在看台下部.Indoor storing and technical plant rooms:For this ranges simple supply- and exhaust ventilationsystem will be installed Toilets:The WCs in level -1 and level 0 are supplied with fresh air by the ventilation systems of the adjacent ranges.The WCs in level +1 receive the fresh air over opening to the outside.The WC in level -1 is aired out separately into the range of the delivary circle. The exhaust air of the WC ranges in level 0 and level +1 will be led by separate exhaust fans into the ranges underneath the grandstand.车库的排气和烟气被加压,通过地下风道送至供应楼,而通过其屋顶排出.停车场有烟雾时,空调机组的送风量是不足的.在这种情况下,新风将通过阀门从新风室(在体育馆底层楼梯下)直接向车库进风.The exhaust air of the garage and the smoke will be pressed through the circularly air duct and then through the underground channel to the supplying building and will there be led over roof into the free.In case that smoke is detected in Parking garage, the supply air from the AC- Units which is normaly used for the supply of the garage is not sufficient.In this case the fresh air will be brought directly into the garage via dampers from the freshair chamber, placed underneath the stairs in the bottom of the stadium. 主送风和回风道均设防火阀. 当温度超过70°C, 防火阀将自动关闭,同时风机停止运行,关闭信号将被传送.自动转换防火阀安装于排风排烟共用系统.Both, the main air supply and return ducts of all AHUs are provided with fire dampers. Then a temperature over 70°C happens, the fire dampers wil l be closed automatically and at the same time the fan stops operation and cut-off signal is transmitted. Automatic changeover fire damper is provided for the system used both return air and smoke exhaust.空调和通风系统的电力供应控制与消防控制中心相连. 当某个防火分区火灾报警, 而且消防中心对此信号经过分析确认后,此防火分区内的通风系统停止运行,而同时排烟系统和加压送风系统启动.The power supply controls for the air conditioning and ventilation systems are connected to the fire control center. When fire alarm occurs in a certain fire compartment, the ventilation system in this fire compartment stops operation and at the same time the smoke exhaust system and pressurized air supply system are started after judgement and confirmation by the fire control center.被其它房间包围的楼梯间将设置有加压通风系统.The staircases that are surounded by other rooms will be provided with overpressure ventilation systems.空调机组的详细技术参数集合在被报告末的技术数据报告.The exact technical datas of the AC- units are summarized in the " Technivcal Data Report at the end of the Report.。
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建筑给排水毕业设计外文资料翻译系别：专业：给排水工程班级：2005085姓名：李玉学号：200508506外文出处：Wan Fang foreign languages（用外文写）literature datebase附件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。
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1、外文原文（复印件）Supplying and draining waterin hospital constructionWith the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique,the new armamentarium are continuing without end,modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital,are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying.Disregarding secondary hospital building function,what whose gets along environment, still,finclause the hospital builds equipment and is equipped with system,the request is without exception higher and higher.Because of it is to ensure daily work living not only need the rapid and intense life relevance recovering from the illness,avoiding crippling,rescuing,and promote with giving treatment to a patient.Not only the design accomplishing to the special field draining away water need to satisfy the request being unlike a function in hospital building on equipment, but also safety is be obliged to reliable.Following is built according to the hospital.一HOSPITAL GIVES A SEWERAGE1)Modernized hospital equipment and equipment system content is numerous,the function is peculiar,the request is very high.Except demanding to swear to continue supplying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently,need more according to demand of different medical treatment instrument and different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality, water pressure,the water temperature,classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increase pressure reduction.2)The hospital operating rooms,the delivery room operation the water hygiene,saliva washing hands by shower bath water,the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassing.In the homeland few are large-scale,the high rank hospital centre supplies a room,the centre disinfecting has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting,now that swear to there be no dust,the sterility,to remove the pathopoiesia source,to avoid the blockage infecting, cutting down equipment microtubule.3)Hospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water,and sets up in making distilled water system to have part pressure boost facilities.The handicraft responds to according to different hospital preparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to water quality,water yield,water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserves corresponding to drain-pipe andallocation chilled water circulatory system by the special field draining away water.4)Hospital operating rooms,delivery rooms,baby rooms,supply rooms,medical treatment of the dermatological department wards,door emergency call,cures skill every administrative or tehcnical office and the request difference that the staff and worker logistics branch supplies to hot water need to set up hot water respectively supplying system more.Ordinary circumstances door emergency call,cures skill administrative or tehcnical office,centre supply a room,the staff and worker logistics branch supplies hot water to water supply the regular time,the comparison supplying time is consistent.The hospital is based on major part at present financial resources, ward building hot water supplies basic to the regular time,ought to be that24hs supply hot water judging from long-term angle but.Operating room,the delivery room operation wash hands,the hygiene h by the fact that the shower bath ought to be24supplies hot water,moreover the block of wood5)Considers beautification to the environment,is inadvisable to adopt the steam boiled water stove,completely eradicates occurrence aroused the ward building pantry inner floor moistness, avoided interior wall mustiness phenomenon by leak or sparse steam water implement aerofluxus thereby.The hospital disregards size,boiled water supplies to should adopt automation volume or the electricity boiled water stove,a general disease area considers one,volume ascertains that according to using condition.The first easy to protect labor is managed,two is supplying ensuring that to the patient,improves the internal environment of ward at the same time.6)Especially infecting the section ward every door emergency call administrative or tehcnical office,every consulting room,the hand movement water curing a room,washing a basin should set up mistake chew,may adopt elbow style,knee style or dyadic switch of pedal.If using the dyadic switch of pedal to must use the product guarding against leakage,the floor is to avoid using a place often damp,makes the patient,the medical personnel slip down,an accident happened. Operation waits for the operating room,the delivery room to wash hands should adopt the constant temperature muddy water valve,the constant temperature to produce water,taking as an example infrared ray induced electromagnetic valve control mode for fine.Cure skill part control laboratory,laboratory of administrative or tehcnical office have the peculiar request,water chews the form should ascertain whose water according to every administrative or tehcnical office coming functional request chewing.7)Many administrative or tehcnical office,especially downstream pipelines such as picklingbath,the pool disinfecting,develop pool in administrative or tehcnical office such as checking the room,the control laboratory,emitting section responds to of hospitals are adopt to be able to bear the rotten PVC2U draining off silent stock tube.8)Pair of filth,waste water of all kinds must classify strictly according to the country in connection with the effluent standard,the field carrying out a pertinency with different treatment handicraft deals with and handles.9)Uses a function to need since the modern hospital needs to be satisfied with not only, wants to think that the interior outside environment is beautiful too at the same time.The building needs especially door emergency call,cures skill sometimes because of medical treatment function,give the horizontal stroke draining away water,erect a tube arrange to lie scattered comparatively,more bright dew is in interior,warm the pipeline exchanging special field up in addition sometimes,make the pipeline that the room inner clearly shows more than the correct or required number,both inelegant,and affect hygiene.This demands right away in the process of engineering design,the rational arrangement the structure form should fully utilize not being the same as is carried out,needs to make the various pipeline conceal arrangement to the full according to the function,pays attention to beautiful befitting one's position or suited to the occasion under not affecting the premise being put into use.Certainly,these require that building structure special field is dense.Tier of furred ceilings and the basement top sometimes are every special field pipeline aggregation field,every special field norm and request having every special field,each sometimes arranges if the building designs middle in the ward,whose result either increase building storey height,or cannot attend to one thing without neglecting another.For overcoming this one abuse,should think in general that bigger flue pipe arrangement be in the most superjacent,it's on the down part is that several special field arrangement props up the public space being in charge of,down part is to arrange to give draining off,driving force,strong, weak electricity every system to do a tube again.Such is arranged than form arrangement is other comparatively economical,pragmatic.10)Exchangers forms choice.In the system the tradition hospital hot water is supplied, people adopt volume mainly dyadic exchanger.Have been to think that what be provided steam amounts and hot water supplies the adjustment amounts dispatching value between maximum value mainly,have diminished a steam boiler designing amounts,have decreased by boiler room Zhan field area,have saved one time investment.People demands but more highly,and morehighly,especially the example discovering army group bacterium pathopoiesia in life hot water to water quality now,the altitude arousing people takes seriously.Be a bacterium mainly because of in the water55~C is the easiest to breed an army group in30~C~,WHO(WHO)is recommended by for this purpose:"Hot water responds to in60~C use And cycle at least above 50~e if some users,need to fall to40~C or50~C or so with the faucet water temperature, to come true being able to use a thermoregulation to blend a valve at this time.The growth being a temperature Bu Li Yu pneumonia diplococcus swear to store water,is a regulating valve's turn to should set up the place closing down and suspending operation of point in drawing near".This be especially important to the hospital.Because of being in hospital the weak having disease,if bacterium of army group happened within the hospital is to be harmful for patient to treat and recover from the illness,the hospital has a grave responsibility.At present small hospital within the hospital especially a little condition is relatively poor,include the part area level hospital,24 unable hs supply hot water,and volume the dyadic converter inner water temperature is to use echelon in inside of exchanger,the water temperature very difficult to make keeps in60~C or so. Thereby,lead to volume produce the bacterium of army group in the pipeline supplying hot water system within dyadic exchanger,change a hospital using the exchanger form to respond to be a task of top priority.Adopt half to be to heat up style or be a dyadic hot exchanger,make whose hot water supply the system water temperature keeping the water supply being in progress in all above60~C area all the time,occurrence propagating,completely eradicating the bacterium of army group in order to avoiding the bacterium of army group.二MULTILAYER WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMAt present,great majority cities municipal administration pipe network pressure can maintain above2kilograms in the homeland,take place individual small town water pressure can reach4 kilograms even.The pressure therefore,building the municipal administration pipe network's to the same multilayer has been already sufficient,has been in a small town especially since but municipal administration pipe network water yield supplying water,water pressure fluctuation are bigger.Have several kinds the following types mainly for overcome these shortcomings, multilayer water supply system design.1)Direct water supply type is that pressure,direct water supply,sort making use of municipal administration pipe network directly apply to slightly high area of municipal administration pipe network pressure or higher range of water works vicinity pressure inner.Theshortcoming it is water yield,water pressure to be able to not ensure that.This water supply scheme economy function is very good but,to less pipe network of scale,does not need any other equipment or measure.2)Water box water supply types have led municipal administration pipe network water to roof water box,discrepancy in elevation,gravity depending on a water box and using the water appliance have supplied water,have overcome water pressure water yield block of wood stability and then.Since but,secondary pollution,moreover,water box volume that the water box there exists in possibility is bigger,this way does not encourage therefore.3)Water boxes,pipe networks ally self with a type when the ordinary time water yield water pressure is sufficient,unnecessary water enters the roof water box when covering water supply, overpressure as with a net directly from municipal administration,think that the water box supplies water to the consumer by gravity automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient.The main force who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure stretches the top cut-over water box,sets up and one exhalent siphon from the water box.Owe a scheme the volume having diminished a water box,and make water not need to enter a water box staying this one step,hygiene reliability increase by.The problem is(that the municipal administration now pipe network can accomplish)but if longtime stabilivolt supplies water,the water sojourn time in water box is on the contrary greatly increase by,easier to be contaminated. And,the water box all must readjust oneself to a certain extent in the building in all usage water boxes system most higher place,attractive looks being able to affect a building in some occasion, the physical design building even.4)Pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor,reason why use the jar sealing off reliable pressure to replace,and the pressure jar does not need,high position lay down, attractive looks and structure not affecting a building bearing,go down well very much over the past few years.Pressure jar system requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but,feasible cost increases by to some extent.However,in the late years whose market price already lets many consumers be able to choose.Systematic pressure jar principle is to make use of a water pump water compression to be sent to receive the pipe network building the inside,thinks that water enters the pressure jar,reaches certain pressure time,water pump motor stoppage or reduces the speed when pressure is too big,While pressure is smaller than regulation value,the pressure jar conveys water to the outside and starts the water pump or acceleration at the sametime(frequency conversion water pump).5)Two time of compression types can make do for to small-scale consumer,if the building, the pressure jar are only systematic.The direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but,shows for the cluster arrangement that multilayer builds,concentrates stabilivolt mainly.The ability can not satisfy a request with pressure jar volume,the water pump concentrates compression therefore having appeared give first place to,pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the system water hammer)is subsidiary way.Economy cost rises only,also needs the specially-assigned person upkeep.Besides,pipe network system belongs to low pressure since tier of numbers are not many,pipeline,the direct cut-over without exception with layers consumer is be OK,comparatively simple.The steel tube prepares pipeline material with low pressure low pressure PPR silent stock tube give first place to.2、外文资料翻译译文医院建筑给水排水随着现代医学科学的迅速发展,新技术、新医疗设备层出不穷,从而与之相符的现代化医疗建筑———医院,也面临着新的设计理念和新技术的运用。