机械工程导论(双语)课件1
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机械类专业英语ppt课件
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❖ cumulative ['kjuːmjʊlətɪv]
❖ adj. 累积的
❖ cumulative error 累积误差 ; 积累误差 ; 累积差误 ❖ cumulative frequencies 累积频数 ; 累计频数 ❖ cumulative learning 累积学习
❖ dimensionless
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❖ uniaxial ❖ adj. 单轴（向）的，同轴的
念 ; 压力集中 ❖ axial stress 轴向应力 ; 轴应力 ; 多轴向应力 ❖ ; 热应力试验 ❖ stress corrosion 应力腐蚀 ; 超应力腐蚀 ; 应力腐化 ; 应 ❖ Stress ball 压力球 ; 减压球 ; 美国原装 ; 握力球 ❖ stress amplitude 应力幅 ; 应力幅值 ; 应力幅度 ; 应力振幅
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❖ quantity
❖ n. 参数，值；数量；总量
❖ physical quantity 物理量 ; 物理量 ; 实物量 ; 要的实物量 ❖ dimensionless quantity 无量纲量 ; 无因次量 ; 无因次值 ❖ average quantity 平均数量 ; 平均量 ; 均匀数量 ; 均匀数目 ❖ additional quantity 追加数量 ; 额外数量 ; 附加量 ❖ considerable quantity 大数量 ; 可观的
❖ magnitude
❖ n. 数量、数值；大小；量级
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❖ equilibrium ❖ n. 平衡；稳定；保持平衡的能力
❖ [,iːkwɪ'lɪbrɪəm]
机械工程概论双语(上册)
1. The fundamental principle involved is the use of compressed air acting through a piston in a cylinder to set block brakes on the wheels. The action is simultaneous on the wheels of all the cars in the train. The compressed air is carried through a strong hose from car to car with couplings between cars; its release to all the separate block brake units, at the same time, is controlled by the engineer. (Braking Systems)相关的基本原理是使用压缩气体，通过气缸内的活塞将闸块压在车轮起作用。
列车的所有车厢上的车轮同时动作。
压缩气体通过一个坚固的管道在由联轴器连接的车厢之间传输；工程师控制所有独立闸块单元的同时释放。
2. When the brake pedal of an automobile is depressed, a force is applied to a piston in a master cylinder. The piston forces hydraulic fluid through metal tubing into a cylinder in each wheel where the fluid’s pressure moves two pisto ns that press the brake shoes against the drum. (Braking Systems)当踩下汽车刹车的踏板，施加一个力在主汽缸中的活塞上。
机械工程导论
CIMS是建立在自动化孤岛基础上旳复杂系 统。CIMS将全部制造过程进行统一规划，将一 种工厂旳设计、生产和经营旳多种分布旳自动 化孤岛，经过要素化和原则化有机地集成起来， 以取得一种高效益和高柔性旳智能化大系统。
CIMS是根据系统工程旳观点，将整个车间 或工厂作为一种闭环系统，整个系统完全由计 算机进行管理。该系统输入旳是产品需求旳有 关信请联系改正。
文档仅供参考，如有不当之处，请联系改正。
1) 中央管理与控制计算机 功能：★接受工厂主计算机旳指令
★对整个FMS实施监控 ★对数控机床或制造单元旳加工数据实施控制 ★对夹具、工具实现集中管理和控制 ★协调各控制装置之间旳动作 2) 制造单元――是FMS旳基础构成部分，由CNC机床和工 业机器人构成。
机电一体化技术
微电子技术（半 导体、IC、LSI）
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1.1 机电一体化旳定义
一、 机电一体化旳定义 定义：机电一体化技术是从系统工程观点出
发，应用机械、电子、信息等有关技术，对它们 进行有机旳组织和综合，实现了整体旳最佳化。
它不是机械与电子旳简朴旳叠加，而是在信 息论（利用传感技术）、控制论（利用控制理论） 和系统论（“系统”整体筹划，机械和电子分别 只是“环节”）旳基础上建立起来旳应用技术
机电一体化系统是一种技术综合体，它利 用系统总体技术将各有关技术协调配合、综合 利用而到达整体系统旳最佳化。
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1.4 机电一体化（制造）系统
一、数控机床
数控技术（numerical control，NC） ――以数字化旳信息实现对设备进行控 制旳技术。
数控技术旳经典应用 数控机床: 数控金属切削加工机床
机械工程导论 ppt课件
CIMS 是建立在自动化孤岛基础上的复杂系 统。 CIMS 将全部制造过程进行统一规划，将一 个工厂的设计、生产和经营的各种分布的自动 化孤岛，通过要素化和标准化有机地集成起来， 以获得一个高效益和高柔性的智能化大系统。 CIMS 是根据系统工程的观点，将整个车间 或工厂作为一个闭环系统，整个系统完全由计 算机进行管理。该系统输入的是产品需求的有 关信息，输出的为经过检验的合格产品。
1.3 机电一体化的相关技术
六、系统总体技术
系统总体技术是以整体的概念组织应用各 种相关技术的技术，从全局的角度和系统的目 标出发，将系统分解为若干个子系统，从实现 整个系统技术协调的观点来考虑每个子系统的 技术方案。 机电一体化系统是一个技术综合体，它利 用系统总体技术将各有关技术协调配合、综合 运用而达到整体系统的最佳化。
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1.3 机电一体化的相关技术
三、信息处理技术
计算机技术包括计算机的软件技术、硬件 技术、网络与通讯技术和数据技术。机电一体 化系统中主要采用工业控制机（包括可编程控 制器，单、多回路调节器，单片微控制器，总 线式工业控制机，分布式计算机测控系统）进 行信息处理。信息处理的发展方向是提高信息 处理的速度、可靠性和智能化程度。人工智能 技术、专家系统技术、神经网络技术等都属于 计算机信息处理技术的范畴。
3) 物流控制装置――对自动化（零件）仓库、无人输送台车、 加工的毛坯和成品、加工用的夹具等实行集中管理和控制。
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4) 自动化（零件）仓库――将毛坯、半成品和成品进行自动调用 或储存。
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5) 无人输送台车――行走于机床之间、机床与自动化（零件） 仓库之间、机床与中央刀具库之间的自动化（无人驾驶）台车， 可以是有轨的或无轨的。 6) 中央刀具库――刀具集中存储区。 7) 夹具站――及时实现对夹具的调整和维护。 8) 信息传输网络――FMS中的通讯系统。 9) 随行工作台（ PS）――实现从无人台车到制造单 元之间传送的缓冲功能。
1.3 机电一体化的相关技术
六、系统总体技术
系统总体技术是以整体的概念组织应用各 种相关技术的技术，从全局的角度和系统的目 标出发，将系统分解为若干个子系统，从实现 整个系统技术协调的观点来考虑每个子系统的 技术方案。 机电一体化系统是一个技术综合体，它利 用系统总体技术将各有关技术协调配合、综合 运用而达到整体系统的最佳化。
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1.3 机电一体化的相关技术
三、信息处理技术
计算机技术包括计算机的软件技术、硬件 技术、网络与通讯技术和数据技术。机电一体 化系统中主要采用工业控制机（包括可编程控 制器，单、多回路调节器，单片微控制器，总 线式工业控制机，分布式计算机测控系统）进 行信息处理。信息处理的发展方向是提高信息 处理的速度、可靠性和智能化程度。人工智能 技术、专家系统技术、神经网络技术等都属于 计算机信息处理技术的范畴。
3) 物流控制装置――对自动化（零件）仓库、无人输送台车、 加工的毛坯和成品、加工用的夹具等实行集中管理和控制。
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4) 自动化（零件）仓库――将毛坯、半成品和成品进行自动调用 或储存。
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5) 无人输送台车――行走于机床之间、机床与自动化（零件） 仓库之间、机床与中央刀具库之间的自动化（无人驾驶）台车， 可以是有轨的或无轨的。 6) 中央刀具库――刀具集中存储区。 7) 夹具站――及时实现对夹具的调整和维护。 8) 信息传输网络――FMS中的通讯系统。 9) 随行工作台（ PS）――实现从无人台车到制造单 元之间传送的缓冲功能。
机械工程专业英语课件--L01
Efficiency
Mechanical Efficiency is the ratio of work input to work output. It is often expressed as a percentage. The efficiency of an ideal machine is 100 % but an actual machine's efficiency will always be less than 100% because of the Second law of thermodynamics which states that the quality of energy will decay, eventually becoming heat. This means that some of the work put into the system is transformed (lost) into thermal energy (heat). In a mechanical system, friction is the most common cause of the work lost to heat.
A baseball pitcher does positive work on the ball by transferring energy into it .
预备知识
机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 一、Background Information
kilograms.
课文分析
机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics One common device is an inclined plane--- in this case, a loading ramp that slopes from the ground to the
Mechanical Efficiency is the ratio of work input to work output. It is often expressed as a percentage. The efficiency of an ideal machine is 100 % but an actual machine's efficiency will always be less than 100% because of the Second law of thermodynamics which states that the quality of energy will decay, eventually becoming heat. This means that some of the work put into the system is transformed (lost) into thermal energy (heat). In a mechanical system, friction is the most common cause of the work lost to heat.
A baseball pitcher does positive work on the ball by transferring energy into it .
预备知识
机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics 一、Background Information
kilograms.
课文分析
机械工程专业英语
Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics One common device is an inclined plane--- in this case, a loading ramp that slopes from the ground to the
机械工程导论
机 械 工 程 导 论
§3
金属材料的机械性能
一、静载荷下的机械性能
机 械 工 程 导 论
二、动载荷下的机械性能
冲击功： Ak GH 1 GH 2
Ak GH 2 GH 2 冲击值： k F F
7).具有形状记忆效应、超弹性和消震性的金属间化合物，如 TiNi，CuZn， CuSi，MnCu，Cu3Al等已在工业上得到应用。
机 械 工 程 导 论
机械混合物
由两种或两种以上的组元或固溶体组成，
或者由固溶体与金属化合物组成的合金。 其性能决定于各自组成部分的性能和相对数 量，决定于它们的大小、形状、分布。
三、合金的晶体结构
固溶体
当溶质原子溶人溶剂中形成固溶体时，溶质原子占据 溶剂点阵的阵点，或者说溶质原子置换了溶剂点阵的 部分溶剂原子，这种固溶体就称为置换固溶体。
机 械 工 程 导 论
溶质原子分布于溶剂晶格间隙而形成的固溶体称为间隙固溶体。
完全无序
偏聚
部分有序
完全有序
机 械 工 程 导 论
金属化合物
1).具有超导性质的金属间化合物，如Nb3Ge，Nb3Al，Nh3Sn，V3Si，NbN等； 2).具有特殊电学性质的金属间化合物，如InTe-PbSe，GaAs-ZnSe等在半导体材 料用； 3).具有强磁性的金属间化合物，如稀土元素（Ce，La，Sm，Pr，Y等）和Co 的化合物，具有特别优异的永磁性能； 4).具有奇特吸释氢本领的金属间化合物（常称为贮氢材料），如 LaNi5，FeTi， R2Mg17和R2Ni2Mg15。(R等仅代表稀土 La，Ce，Pr，Nd或混合稀土）是一种很 有前途的储能和换能材料； 5).具有耐热特性的金属间化合物，如Ni3Al，NiAl，TiAl，Ti3Al，FeAl，Fe3Al， MoSi2，NbBe12。ZrBe12等不仅具有很好的高温强度，并且，在高温下具有比 较好的塑性； 6).耐蚀的金属间化合物，如某些金属的碳化物，硼化物、氨化物和氧化物等在 侵蚀介质中仍很耐蚀，若通过表面涂覆方法，可大大提高被涂覆件的耐蚀性能；
工程机械专业导论课ppt课件
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本课程将机电一体化定义为:以电子技术特别是微电子 技术为主导的多种新兴技术与机械技术交叉、融合而成
的综合性高技术。
从定义可知，一体化技术是以机械技术为本体，和其它 技术融合。高技术的特点：高投入；高风险；高回报
机电一体化包含机电一体化产品与机电一体化技术。
机电一体化产品：是指机械系统与微电子系统相互置换 和有机结合，从而赋予新的功能和性能的新一代产品。 机电一体化技术：包括技术原理和使机电一体化产品得 以实现，使用和发展的技术。
伍
2.2我校工程机械与物流技术学科在国内的 地位
2.3我校工程机械与物流技术学科标志性成 果展示
第3章国内外工程机械发展现状 (1h) 3.1国内外工程机械发展现状 3.2国内外的知名企业简介
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第4章 工程机械本体与结构分析技术(4h) 4.1工程机械本体技术（2h） 4.2工程机械结构分析技术（2h） 1、有限元分析自动建模技术； 2、起重机结构全面校核技术 3、起重机结构混合建模、非线性和稳定性
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机电液系统的控制方法
控制理论从形成发展到至今，经历了近七十多年的历程，分三个阶 段，第一阶段是以20世纪40年代兴起的调节原理为标志，成为经典
控制理论阶段；第二阶段以20世纪60年代兴起的状态空间法为标志， 称为现代控制理论阶段；第三阶段则是20世纪80年代兴起的智能控
制理论阶段。
经典控制方法
工程机械模块“专业导论课”
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国家2000年修改后的专业目录
一级学科机械工程（机械制造及其自动化， 工业设计，工业工程，宇航制造工程）
机械制造及其自动化二级学科分五个模块
1)机械制造及其自动化
机械工程专业英语课件-L
Dynamics
The study of the motion of bodies under the action of forces It includes the study of forces, torque, and moments acting on bodies
First Law of Thermodynamics
The development of mechanical engineering has undergone an evolution from manual manufacturing to modern manufacturing. With the continuous progress of technology, mechanical engineering has also made new breakthroughs in both theory and practice.
Connection is the key to achieving mechanical assembly, and connection design needs to consider factors such as connection method, fasteners, and sealing.
Computer aided design
Computer aided design is an important tool in modern mechanical design, which can help designers complete design tasks quickly and accurately.
Fundamentals of Mechanical Design
The study of the motion of bodies under the action of forces It includes the study of forces, torque, and moments acting on bodies
First Law of Thermodynamics
The development of mechanical engineering has undergone an evolution from manual manufacturing to modern manufacturing. With the continuous progress of technology, mechanical engineering has also made new breakthroughs in both theory and practice.
Connection is the key to achieving mechanical assembly, and connection design needs to consider factors such as connection method, fasteners, and sealing.
Computer aided design
Computer aided design is an important tool in modern mechanical design, which can help designers complete design tasks quickly and accurately.
Fundamentals of Mechanical Design
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1 OVERVIEW---an example of mechanical engineers design
FIGURE 1.1 Mechanical engineers design and test complex high speed machinery such as this diesel power plant （柴油机动力装置 ）for highway construction equipment． Source：Reprinted courtesy of Caterpillar Inc.
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3 WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS?-------working fields of mechanical engineers
replacement heart valves Acceleration sensors
equipment for detecting explosives
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1 OVERVIEW----discipline of mechanical engineering machine components
What "elements” is concerned in the discipline of mechanical engineering ?
forces materials energy motion design
FIGURE 1.3 Close-up view of a Space Shuttle main engine during attest in which it is swiveled to evaluate steering performance during simulated flight conditions. Source：Reprinted with permission of NASA．
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?----engineers’ skill combination
Mathematics Engineering
Hardware
Science
Computer simulation
FIGURE1.5 Engineers combine their skills in mathematics, science, computers, and hardware.
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1 OVERVIEW--- The ability to be available in this chapter
Describe the differences between engineers and scientists and mathematicians. Describe the type of work that mechanical engineers do, and list some of the technical issues that they address.
LOGO
An
introduction
to
mechanical engineering
Lecturer: Liu Ju-rong
1
CHAPTER1 The Mechanical Engineering Profession
1 2
OVERVIEW WHAT IS ENGINEERING? WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS?
3
Vocabulary
turbopump 涡轮泵 turbines 汽轮机 condenser 压缩机 Space Shuttle 航天飞机 robot 机器人 machine tool 机床 materials handling system 物料搬运系统 industrial production equipment 工业生产装备 acceleration sensor 加速度传感器
FIGURE 1.6 Percentages of engineers working in various engineering fields.
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3 WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS?---definition
Mechanical engineers research, develop, design, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices.
automobiles
robotic manufacturing systems jet engines
aircraft
implants
The field of Mechanical Engineers
computer hard drives
microelectromechanical
3 4
5
CAREER PATHS TYPYCAL PROGRAM OF STUDY
2
Vocabulary
internal combustion engine 内燃机 robotic welding equipment 机械手焊接装置 prosthetic limb 弥补性的，置换的，假肢 jet engine 喷气式发动机 physical quantity 物理量 trillionfold 百万兆 （1012） autofocus lens 自聚焦透镜 rowing machine 划船机 stair climber 爬楼梯机 drill press 台钻
Materials Petroleum 1% 1% Nuclear 1%
Chemical 3% Aerospace 4%
Mining 1%
Industrial 9%
All other engineers 28%
Civil 13% Mechanical 15%
Electrical and electronics 24%
They work on power-producing machines such as electricity-producing generators, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines, and jet and rocket engines.
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?--- Basic concepts
What is engineering?
The word engineering derives from the Latin root ingeniere, meaning to design or to devise, which also forms the basis of the word ingenious.
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?---an example
FIGURE 1.4 A remarkable engineering achievement, the Space Shuttle Atlantis thunders into orbit as its twin solid rocket boosters and three main engines produce 7 million pounds of thrust. Source：Reprinted with permission of NASA．
After study, what should you be able to have?
Discuss the types of industries and governmental agencies that employ mechanical engineers.
List some of the products, processes, and hardware with which mechanical engineers work. Describe notable achievements of the mechanical engineering profession. Understand the structure and objectives of a typical curriculum for mechanical engineering students.
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?---traditional disciplines
mechanical
electrical
the traditional disciplines of engineering
civil
materials
chemical
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?----working fields of engineers
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1 OVERVIEW----mechanical power range
Ultrasonic motor Machine tools Shuttle fuel pump
10-3hp
1hp Horsepower Automobil e engine
103hp106hp NhomakorabeaAthlete
Power plant
10-3W
1W
103W Watt
106W
109W
FIGURE 1.2 Mechanical engineers work with machines the produce or consume power over a remarkably wide range
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1 OVERVIEW---- an example of mechanical high power
1 OVERVIEW---an example of mechanical engineers design
FIGURE 1.1 Mechanical engineers design and test complex high speed machinery such as this diesel power plant （柴油机动力装置 ）for highway construction equipment． Source：Reprinted courtesy of Caterpillar Inc.
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3 WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS?-------working fields of mechanical engineers
replacement heart valves Acceleration sensors
equipment for detecting explosives
4
1 OVERVIEW----discipline of mechanical engineering machine components
What "elements” is concerned in the discipline of mechanical engineering ?
forces materials energy motion design
FIGURE 1.3 Close-up view of a Space Shuttle main engine during attest in which it is swiveled to evaluate steering performance during simulated flight conditions. Source：Reprinted with permission of NASA．
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?----engineers’ skill combination
Mathematics Engineering
Hardware
Science
Computer simulation
FIGURE1.5 Engineers combine their skills in mathematics, science, computers, and hardware.
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1 OVERVIEW--- The ability to be available in this chapter
Describe the differences between engineers and scientists and mathematicians. Describe the type of work that mechanical engineers do, and list some of the technical issues that they address.
LOGO
An
introduction
to
mechanical engineering
Lecturer: Liu Ju-rong
1
CHAPTER1 The Mechanical Engineering Profession
1 2
OVERVIEW WHAT IS ENGINEERING? WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS?
3
Vocabulary
turbopump 涡轮泵 turbines 汽轮机 condenser 压缩机 Space Shuttle 航天飞机 robot 机器人 machine tool 机床 materials handling system 物料搬运系统 industrial production equipment 工业生产装备 acceleration sensor 加速度传感器
FIGURE 1.6 Percentages of engineers working in various engineering fields.
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3 WHO ARE MECHANICAL ENGINEERS?---definition
Mechanical engineers research, develop, design, manufacture and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices.
automobiles
robotic manufacturing systems jet engines
aircraft
implants
The field of Mechanical Engineers
computer hard drives
microelectromechanical
3 4
5
CAREER PATHS TYPYCAL PROGRAM OF STUDY
2
Vocabulary
internal combustion engine 内燃机 robotic welding equipment 机械手焊接装置 prosthetic limb 弥补性的，置换的，假肢 jet engine 喷气式发动机 physical quantity 物理量 trillionfold 百万兆 （1012） autofocus lens 自聚焦透镜 rowing machine 划船机 stair climber 爬楼梯机 drill press 台钻
Materials Petroleum 1% 1% Nuclear 1%
Chemical 3% Aerospace 4%
Mining 1%
Industrial 9%
All other engineers 28%
Civil 13% Mechanical 15%
Electrical and electronics 24%
They work on power-producing machines such as electricity-producing generators, internal combustion engines, steam and gas turbines, and jet and rocket engines.
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?--- Basic concepts
What is engineering?
The word engineering derives from the Latin root ingeniere, meaning to design or to devise, which also forms the basis of the word ingenious.
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?---an example
FIGURE 1.4 A remarkable engineering achievement, the Space Shuttle Atlantis thunders into orbit as its twin solid rocket boosters and three main engines produce 7 million pounds of thrust. Source：Reprinted with permission of NASA．
After study, what should you be able to have?
Discuss the types of industries and governmental agencies that employ mechanical engineers.
List some of the products, processes, and hardware with which mechanical engineers work. Describe notable achievements of the mechanical engineering profession. Understand the structure and objectives of a typical curriculum for mechanical engineering students.
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?---traditional disciplines
mechanical
electrical
the traditional disciplines of engineering
civil
materials
chemical
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2 WHAT IS ENGINEERING?----working fields of engineers
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1 OVERVIEW----mechanical power range
Ultrasonic motor Machine tools Shuttle fuel pump
10-3hp
1hp Horsepower Automobil e engine
103hp106hp NhomakorabeaAthlete
Power plant
10-3W
1W
103W Watt
106W
109W
FIGURE 1.2 Mechanical engineers work with machines the produce or consume power over a remarkably wide range
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1 OVERVIEW---- an example of mechanical high power