翻译中的语用学ppt课件
语境作用激活了词汇的语用意义
语 篇 语 用 学 翻 译 研 究
Can you speak a little louder?
模因语言
• 空姐→空嫂→月嫂→……. • 一见钟情→衣见钟情…… We know how Eggsactly how to sell eggs!
模 因 语 言 的 语 用 学 翻 译
例2:中国是块肥肉,谁都想吃。
译文1: China is a piece of fat meat and everyone wants to eat it.
译文2: China is an attractive piece of meat coveted by all!
例3:父亲给他娶了媳妇,今年才二十岁…….最喜拈花惹草。
巧媳妇做不出没米的饭菜。
翻 2 译 . 研 2 究 社 会 语 用 学
“这断子绝孙的阿Q!”远远地听到小尼姑的带哭的声音。
“Ah Q , may you die sonless !” sounded the little nun’s voice tearfully in the distance. A curse intolerable to ear in China
• 顺译、逆译、打乱译? • 直译、意译、译述?
方 2 法 . 3 语 用 学 翻 译
翻译是一种很玄的东西, 看着容易,其实不易,
翻译中的语用学
1.1 P218 情景模拟:
西方游客:您好,请问附近有洗手间吗? 日本服务员:您是要方便吗? 西方游客:肯定啊! 日本服务员:请往楼下走!
“厕所文化”
1.2文化差异的干扰
例1:你在家时,谁敢来放个屁?
译文1:Who dared to come near and pass his wind? 译文2:Who dared to come here to insult me?
While he was young ,his parents had found him a wife who was just about twenty……who loved nothing better than to have affairs
1.3对比跨文化语用学
Am I a lucky dog!
I think he was married and had a lioness at home.
译 2 研 . 究 1 语 言 语 用 学 翻
P225 I really disliked that man you introduced me to. 我真不喜欢你刚引见给我的那位男士。
Actually(说话慎重点) ,he is your new boss! Anyway(别那样),……………. After all(毕竟),………………. Still(你还是算了),…………….. Well(好自为之吧),……………….
合集下载
语用学讲义(课堂PPT)
• 也可以这样来理解以上三者之间的关系:句法学回 答的问题是:句子是按什么规则组成的?语义学回 答的问题是:意义是按什么方法确定的?语用学回 答的问题是:语言的使用在一定的语言环境里产生 了什么样的影响和效果?
14
四、语用学的定义(1) • A recall of semantics:
– Semantics deals with: What does X mean? (X stands for a linguistic expression)
• 1986 年 总 部 设 在 比 利 时 的 国 际 语 用 学 学 会 (the International Pragmatics Association, 简称IPrA)创立。
• In China, CPrA
13
(二)语用学的任务
• 莫里斯和卡尔纳普认为:句法、语义、语用构成语 言的三个基本方面。句法学研究符号与符号之间的 关系,语义学研究符号与所指事物之间的关系,语 用学研究符号与使用者之间的关系,因而它研究的 是特定情景中的特定话语,特别是研究在不同的语 言交际环境下如何运用语言。
语用学的三个源头 (2)
源头之二:心理学(实践启示)
行为心理学:理性、意图
Pragmatics is the study of interpretation from the perspective of psychology.
In pragmatic discussions, the question is not what form the recovered information might take, but how it is recovered.
• 规则性表现在以下几个方面 :
• 一是语言运用都在遵循一定的交际原则:语言运用是 在特定语境中进行的,说话人怎样使自己的话语适应 特定语境,听话人怎样根据具体语境理解说话人的意 思,都是有规则可循的。
14
四、语用学的定义(1) • A recall of semantics:
– Semantics deals with: What does X mean? (X stands for a linguistic expression)
• 1986 年 总 部 设 在 比 利 时 的 国 际 语 用 学 学 会 (the International Pragmatics Association, 简称IPrA)创立。
• In China, CPrA
13
(二)语用学的任务
• 莫里斯和卡尔纳普认为:句法、语义、语用构成语 言的三个基本方面。句法学研究符号与符号之间的 关系,语义学研究符号与所指事物之间的关系,语 用学研究符号与使用者之间的关系,因而它研究的 是特定情景中的特定话语,特别是研究在不同的语 言交际环境下如何运用语言。
语用学的三个源头 (2)
源头之二:心理学(实践启示)
行为心理学:理性、意图
Pragmatics is the study of interpretation from the perspective of psychology.
In pragmatic discussions, the question is not what form the recovered information might take, but how it is recovered.
• 规则性表现在以下几个方面 :
• 一是语言运用都在遵循一定的交际原则:语言运用是 在特定语境中进行的,说话人怎样使自己的话语适应 特定语境,听话人怎样根据具体语境理解说话人的意 思,都是有规则可循的。
英语语言学第八章 语用学 pragmatics ppt课件
utterance, i.e. the act ostin
How to Do Things with Words (1962)
speech acts: actions performed via utterances
Constatives vs. performatives Constatives: utterances which roughly serves
Semantic meaning: the more constant, inherent side of meaning
Pragmatic meaning: the more indeterminate, the more closely related to context
2. Speech Act Theory
(ii) the relevant participants and circumstances must be appropriate.
B. The procedure must be executed correctly and completely.
C. Very often, the relevant people must have the requisite thoughts, feelings and intentions, and must follow it up with actions as specified.
Minister: addressing the groom) (Groom’s Name), do you take (Bride’s Name) for your lawful wedded wife, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of matrimony? Will you love, honor, comfort, and cherish her from this day forward, forsaking all others, keeping only unto her for as long as you both shall live?
How to Do Things with Words (1962)
speech acts: actions performed via utterances
Constatives vs. performatives Constatives: utterances which roughly serves
Semantic meaning: the more constant, inherent side of meaning
Pragmatic meaning: the more indeterminate, the more closely related to context
2. Speech Act Theory
(ii) the relevant participants and circumstances must be appropriate.
B. The procedure must be executed correctly and completely.
C. Very often, the relevant people must have the requisite thoughts, feelings and intentions, and must follow it up with actions as specified.
Minister: addressing the groom) (Groom’s Name), do you take (Bride’s Name) for your lawful wedded wife, to live together after God’s ordinance, in the holy estate of matrimony? Will you love, honor, comfort, and cherish her from this day forward, forsaking all others, keeping only unto her for as long as you both shall live?
语用学(英语ppt)
• Generally speaking, there are two kinds of presupposition : semantic presupposition and pragmatic presupposition
• 1. Existential presupposition: 2. Factive presupposition: 3. Non-factive presupposition 4. Lexical presupposition 5. Structural presupposition 6. Counterfactual presupposition
c. John is not married. c b
2.a. John managed to stop the car. a b & c
b. John stopped the stop the car.
d. John did not manage to stop the car. d c
• A person called Mary exists.
• She has a brother.
• Mary has only one brother.
All are the speaker’s and
• He has a lot of money.
All can be wrong.
The sentence has entailment: • Mary’s brother bought something. • He bought three animals. • He bought two horses. • He bought one horse. • many other logical consequences.
• 1. Existential presupposition: 2. Factive presupposition: 3. Non-factive presupposition 4. Lexical presupposition 5. Structural presupposition 6. Counterfactual presupposition
c. John is not married. c b
2.a. John managed to stop the car. a b & c
b. John stopped the stop the car.
d. John did not manage to stop the car. d c
• A person called Mary exists.
• She has a brother.
• Mary has only one brother.
All are the speaker’s and
• He has a lot of money.
All can be wrong.
The sentence has entailment: • Mary’s brother bought something. • He bought three animals. • He bought two horses. • He bought one horse. • many other logical consequences.
翻译中的语用学PPT课件
翻译中的语用学ppt课件
目录
• 翻译中的语用学概述 • 翻译中的语用学理论 • 翻译中的语用等效与语用对等 • 翻译中的语用失误与策略 • 翻译中的语用学实践案例分析
01 翻译中的语用学概述
定义与特点
定义
翻译中的语用学是一门研究翻译过程中语言使用和理解的学科,它关注语言在 实际语境中的意义和功能,以及翻译过程中如何准确传达这些意义和功能。
新闻报道的翻译案例分析
总结词
新闻报道的翻译需要准确、及时、客观,注 重语言的简练和清晰度。
详细描述
在新闻报道的翻译中,语用学可以帮助译者 更好地理解新闻报道中的语境和言外之意, 从而更准确地传达新闻的内容和意义。同时 ,语用学还可以帮助译者更好地把握新闻报 道中的语气和态度,从而更准确地传达新闻
中的意图和要求。
VS
发展方向
未来,翻译中的语用学研究将继续深入探 索语言使用和理解的规律,进一步拓展跨 文化交际的领域,并致力于提高翻译实践 的质量和效果。同时,随着人工智能和机 器翻译技术的发展,翻译中的语用学研究 也将与这些技术相结合,为翻译实践提供 更多的理论支持和指导。
02 翻译中的语用学理论
语境理论
总结词
文中以最相关的方式传达出来,以确保译文读者能够正确理解原文的含义。
礼貌原则
总结词
礼貌原则是语用学中的另一个重要理论,它 强调了语言交际中的礼貌和得体性。
详细描述
礼貌原则认为,人们在语言交际中应该遵循 一定的礼貌原则,以保持人际关系的和谐。 在翻译过程中,译者需要根据礼貌原则,对 原文进行适当的调整和改写,以确保译文更 加得体和礼貌。同时,译者还需要考虑译文 读者的文化背景和语言习惯,以确保译文更 加符合译文读者的期望和需求。
目录
• 翻译中的语用学概述 • 翻译中的语用学理论 • 翻译中的语用等效与语用对等 • 翻译中的语用失误与策略 • 翻译中的语用学实践案例分析
01 翻译中的语用学概述
定义与特点
定义
翻译中的语用学是一门研究翻译过程中语言使用和理解的学科,它关注语言在 实际语境中的意义和功能,以及翻译过程中如何准确传达这些意义和功能。
新闻报道的翻译案例分析
总结词
新闻报道的翻译需要准确、及时、客观,注 重语言的简练和清晰度。
详细描述
在新闻报道的翻译中,语用学可以帮助译者 更好地理解新闻报道中的语境和言外之意, 从而更准确地传达新闻的内容和意义。同时 ,语用学还可以帮助译者更好地把握新闻报 道中的语气和态度,从而更准确地传达新闻
中的意图和要求。
VS
发展方向
未来,翻译中的语用学研究将继续深入探 索语言使用和理解的规律,进一步拓展跨 文化交际的领域,并致力于提高翻译实践 的质量和效果。同时,随着人工智能和机 器翻译技术的发展,翻译中的语用学研究 也将与这些技术相结合,为翻译实践提供 更多的理论支持和指导。
02 翻译中的语用学理论
语境理论
总结词
文中以最相关的方式传达出来,以确保译文读者能够正确理解原文的含义。
礼貌原则
总结词
礼貌原则是语用学中的另一个重要理论,它 强调了语言交际中的礼貌和得体性。
详细描述
礼貌原则认为,人们在语言交际中应该遵循 一定的礼貌原则,以保持人际关系的和谐。 在翻译过程中,译者需要根据礼貌原则,对 原文进行适当的调整和改写,以确保译文更 加得体和礼貌。同时,译者还需要考虑译文 读者的文化背景和语言习惯,以确保译文更 加符合译文读者的期望和需求。
语用学的PPT
Definitions and background
III Semantics and pragmatics Pragmatics is the study of all those aspects of meaning not captured in a smenatic theory. Or, as Gazdar(1979:2) has put it, assuming that semantics limited to the statement of truth conditions. Pragmatics has as its topic those aspects of the meaning of utterances which cannot be accounted for by straightforward reference to the truth conditions of the sentences uttered. Put crudely: PRAGMATICS=MEANING— TRUTH CONDITIONS.
Definitions and background
IVAspect of speech situations 1.Addressers or addressees 2.The context of an utterance One way of embarking upon the analysis of context is to ask what kinds of knowledge a fluent speaker of a language must possess in order to produce and understand contextually appropriate and comprehensible utterances in that language. Let us list some of these:
语用学课件_Pragmatics_
Number No number category : (Piraha, Kawi) Singular-plural: (Chinese, West Dani ) Singular-dual-paucal-plural: (Yimas, Murik, Meryam Mir)
Person 1 2 3
2.1 Deictic vs non-deictic usages
Deictic usage : what the deictic expression refers to depend on the specific context it occurs. non-deictic usage: non-deictic expression is an expression for which you don’t need context to understand it since it doesn’t refer to anything in particular, on the contrary, it is used in a general sense.
a. He came here one hour ago. b. You can’t lose what you never had.= c. One can’t lose what one /he never had. a, which contains deictic expressions, is context dependent. In isolation, the sentence doesn’t convey much information because we have no idea about who came to what place at what time .He, here, and one hour ago being deictic items. While in b, the second-person pronouns are non-deictic expressions. you can be replaced with one.
语用与翻译课件
Might I ask you to take off your hat? I hope you won’t mind if I ask you if you could leave us alone. 以上只是一个大致的分类,在一定条件下某些结构可以相互结合, 形成间接性请求或指令言语行为。 2、非规约性间接言语行为 与规约性言语行为相反,非规约性言语行为不是按习惯就可以 推断出句子的间接的言外之意,而是主要依靠说话双方共知的语 言信息和所处的语境来推断。话语的字面意义与话语的语用意义 之间没有固定的联系。例如:“今天是圣诞节”这句话很简单, 但要透彻理解它就不简单,离开了具体语境,“今天是圣诞节” 只能表达说话人说这句话的当天是12月25日,正好是圣诞节。但 结合具体语境,这句话所表达的就远远不只是这个意思了。我们 不妨设想一下:A.朋友当中,甲潜心学习,天天伏案苦读,不知休 息,不论节假日,可谓废寝忘食。圣诞节到了,朋友们想欢聚热 闹以祝贺节日,所以对他说 了这句话“今天是圣诞节”,意旨在 于建议他暂且放下书本,同朋友们一起过节。B.丈夫答应圣诞节送 一份精美的礼物给妻子,但由于事物繁忙忘了自己的许诺,
这些话语的字面用意分别是询问和陈述,但人们按习惯可以 根据这些话语的形式,立即推断出各句间接的言外之力都是 “请求”。可以看出,规约性间接言语行为的言外之意的推 导受语境的制约较小,多数脱离开语境也可以理解。
塞尔把表示规约性间接请求或指令的语句分成了以下六类: 1)与说话人做某事的能力有关的语句。例如: Can you reach the salt? Could you be a little more quiet? 2) 与说话人希望听话人做某事的愿望有关的语句。例如: I would like you to go now. I want you to do this for me, Henry. 3) 与听话人做某事有关的语句。例如: Won’t you stop making noise soon? Aren’t you going to eat your cereal? 4) 与听话人做某事的愿望或意愿有关的语句。例如: Would you mind not making so much noise? Would it be convenient for you to come on Wednesday? 5) 与做某事的原因有关的语句。例如: You ought to be more polite to your mother. It would be a good idea if you left town. 6) 将以上结构放入另一种结构,或者将明示的以言行事指令动词 放入上述另一种结构。例如:
翻译与语用学 ppt课件
3.我能帮你忙吗?
4.我能为你做点什么?
在翻译时,我们不能只求得原文与译文之间在语法与语义上的最大描述等 值,而更为重要的是争取其在语用意义上的功能等值。翻译者先要认识原文 的语用含义,透彻理解作者的语用意义。在这基础上再进入用译语表达意义 这一层次。
1. Can I have some water? 2. Have you got anything to drink? 3. Shall we have some drink? 4. Don’t you think we’d better have some drink now? 5. Do you mind having some drink? 6. I can do with a cup of tea. 7. I’m really thirsty. 8. I wonder if you have something to quench my thirst.
In communication, people may use the same expression for different purposes.
Someone says:Can I help you?
1.需要买点什么? (A shop assistant to a customer)
2.你找谁呀? (A host to a stranger who knocks at the door of his house)
B意味着A应该尽量好自为之 故译为:“尽管如此,他是你的新上司。”
意义与翻译密切相关,而意义中的语用学上的意义更为突出。 (意义包括语法、语义学上的意义和语用学上的意义)
In communication, people may use different expressions for the same purpose.
4.我能为你做点什么?
在翻译时,我们不能只求得原文与译文之间在语法与语义上的最大描述等 值,而更为重要的是争取其在语用意义上的功能等值。翻译者先要认识原文 的语用含义,透彻理解作者的语用意义。在这基础上再进入用译语表达意义 这一层次。
1. Can I have some water? 2. Have you got anything to drink? 3. Shall we have some drink? 4. Don’t you think we’d better have some drink now? 5. Do you mind having some drink? 6. I can do with a cup of tea. 7. I’m really thirsty. 8. I wonder if you have something to quench my thirst.
In communication, people may use the same expression for different purposes.
Someone says:Can I help you?
1.需要买点什么? (A shop assistant to a customer)
2.你找谁呀? (A host to a stranger who knocks at the door of his house)
B意味着A应该尽量好自为之 故译为:“尽管如此,他是你的新上司。”
意义与翻译密切相关,而意义中的语用学上的意义更为突出。 (意义包括语法、语义学上的意义和语用学上的意义)
In communication, people may use different expressions for the same purpose.
语用学ppt..
What is implicated
Contextual meaning
指语言在使用时所产生与语境相关的附加意 义。(熊学亮 1997)
熊学亮. 含义分类标准评析.[J]. 外语教学与研 究.1997: 1-8
3)Classification (Grice 1961,1975):
meaning
(4)Not all of the students went to the party. +>Some of the students went to the party. (5)John smiled at the secretary. +>John smiled at the female secretary. (6)James caused the car to stop. +>James caused the car to stop in an abnormal way.
3)S, W涉及的是相同的语义关系或来自相同的语义场。
(转引 项成东 2006 ;Horn 1972)
构成荷恩等级关系的常见等级词:
1)不定代词,如<al,l some>等;
2)数词,如<,three, two, one>等;
3)情态词,如<necessarily,possibly>, <mus,t should, may>等; 4)连接词,如<and, or>等;频度副词,如<always, often, sometimes>等; 5)程度形容词,如<ho,t warm >等; 6)动词,如<know, believe>, <love, like>或<start, finish>等
Contextual meaning
指语言在使用时所产生与语境相关的附加意 义。(熊学亮 1997)
熊学亮. 含义分类标准评析.[J]. 外语教学与研 究.1997: 1-8
3)Classification (Grice 1961,1975):
meaning
(4)Not all of the students went to the party. +>Some of the students went to the party. (5)John smiled at the secretary. +>John smiled at the female secretary. (6)James caused the car to stop. +>James caused the car to stop in an abnormal way.
3)S, W涉及的是相同的语义关系或来自相同的语义场。
(转引 项成东 2006 ;Horn 1972)
构成荷恩等级关系的常见等级词:
1)不定代词,如<al,l some>等;
2)数词,如<,three, two, one>等;
3)情态词,如<necessarily,possibly>, <mus,t should, may>等; 4)连接词,如<and, or>等;频度副词,如<always, often, sometimes>等; 5)程度形容词,如<ho,t warm >等; 6)动词,如<know, believe>, <love, like>或<start, finish>等
Lecture 1 语用学与翻译 ppt课件
4
Leech 的礼貌原则
得体准则,最小限度地让别人吃亏,最大限度的使别 人受益
宽宏准则:最小限度地使自己受益,最大限度地让自 己吃亏
褒扬原则; 最小限度地贬低别人,最大限度地赞誉别 人
谦虚原则:最小限度地赞誉自己,最大限度地贬低自 己
一致准则:尽量缩小自己与他人的分歧,尽量加大自 己与别人的一致
同情准则:尽量缩小自己对他人的厌恶,尽量加大自
客观 环境因素称为“言外语境”。言外语境又可分为情景 语境和社会文化语境两类。
(1) 翻译表达应充分考虑译语言内语境,表达应 符合译语习惯。
eg:“Shall we meet on the first floor of the
restaurant?
在英国,first floor在楼层的序列中排在ground
己对他人的同情
PPT课件
5
在双语交际中仅运用一种原则是不合适的,因为不同 社会的语用原则是不同的。中国文化特别强调谦逊准则, 而英美人更注重质量准则。
如中国人特别重视甚至过于强调谦逊原则,当受到 表扬时,往往谦虚一番:“哪里,哪里”;“不,做得很不 够”;受到表扬时如果不谦逊一番,很可能被认为“骄傲 自满”。而在以英语为母语的西方国家,人们接受表扬时 会微笑地说声:“Thank you!”倘若不懂得这两种不同的 礼貌方式,翻译就会生硬别扭。
语用学与翻译
PPT课件
1
第一讲 语用学
PPT课件
2
语用学的定义
语用学是语言学各分支中一个以语言意义
为研究对象的新兴学科领域,在众多的语用学 定义中,有两个概念是十分基本的,一个是意 义,另一个是语境,是专门研究语言的理解和 使用的学问,它研究在特定情景中的特定话语, 研究如何通过语境来理解和使用语言。
