牛津高中英语模块一 Unit1 定语从句
牛津高中英语模块一unit1定语从句操练一
定语从句操练一（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
1. Rice is a plant ________ is grown in the south.2. Those ________ want to go please sign their names here.3. All ________ glitters is not gold.4. This is the only way leads to your success.5. Both the girl and her dog were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.6. This is the biggest building ________we have ever built in our school.7. This is the second school ________ I used to work at, and many students there still have contact with me.8. There is a mountain ________ top is always covered with snow.9. You can take any seat ________ is free.10. Could you tell me from _________ you borrowed this book?（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. The lady is a film star.You took a photo of the lady yesterday._______________________________________________________________________2. What’s the address of the factory?We noticed the advertisement of the factory the other day.________________________________________________________________________3. This is the stadiumHe often goes to the stadium on Sundays.________________________________________________________________________4. A professor is going to give us a speech this Friday afternoon.He has been working on environmental protection.________________________________________________________________________5. He hasn’t got enough money.He can buy a laptop with the money.________________________________________________________________________（三）基础题1. Have you read the book I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose2. Recently I bought a second-hand car was very low.A. which priceB. the price of whoseC. its priceD. whose price3. Finally the thief handed over everything ___________ he had stolen.A. allB. whichC. whateverD. that4. The professors talked with us about the beautiful schools and the experienced teachers ______ they had seen.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. what5. This is the only bus ______ goes to the village school.A. /B. thatC. whereD. it6. Is there a shop around _______sells China Daily?A. whoB. whereC. in whichD. which7. She is the only one of the girls in our class _______ accepted as candidate for the president of our Students’ Union.A. who wasB. who wereC. who has beenD. who have been8. She is no longer the sweet little girl ______ she used to be.A. whatB. whoC. whenD. that9. Anyone _____with what I said may raise your hand.A. which agreesB. who agreeC. who agreesD. which agree10. Who is the woman is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when11. That’s the dog ______.A. we’ve been looking afterB. after which we’ve been lookingC. what we’ve been looking afterD. we’ve been taking care for12. _________ was expected , he failed the exam.A. ThatB. AsC. WhichD. It13. The family _____ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London.A. whoseB. whichC. whatD. whom14. This is the very knife ______ I used to cut apples yesterday.A. thatB. by whichC. whichD. with which15. He told me ________ he had done.A. all whatB. all thatC. what allD. that all（四）改错(提高题)1. Is this museum you visited a few days ago?2. The girl which is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.3. He rushed to help the man his car was trapped in the mud.4. All which is need is supply of oil.5. This is the best film which I have seen this year.6. The cake you made it yesterday was very delicious.7. Do you know the man wrote the letter?8. Who is the great man who saved my boy?（五）提高题1. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _____ don’t. (2006北京)A. who, /B. /; whoC. who, whoD. /; /2. The Beatles _____ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (2006天津)A. whatB. thatC. howD. as3. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach. (2006上海)A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what4. Look out! Don’t get too close to the ho use ______ roof is under repair. (2006福建)A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. thatLook out! Don’t get too close to the house ______ the roof is under repair.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. that5. Is this the singer ______ songs you like best?A. who’sB. whoseC. which D the one whose Is this singer _________ songs you like best?A. who’sB. whoseC. which D the one whose6. Lily, is Helen ______ you want to introduce me to?A. thatB. whoC. whomD. the girl7. It was in that house _______ was a very beautiful one _______my father spent his childhood.A. that ; in whichB. that ; whichC. which; whichD. which; that8. Is there a shop around ________ sells fruit ?A. on whichB. for whichC. whereD. whichIs there a shop around _________we can get fruit?A. on whichB. for whichC. whereD. which（一）选择适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom或whose，把下列句子补充完整。
牛津高中英语语法复习(模块1-模块4)一：定语从句
牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1—模块4)语法复习一：定语从句(一)定义1)在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当)，修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.2)被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词antecedent1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman。
先行词关系代词定语从句2）You must do everything that I do。
先行词关系代词定语从句(二):关系代词的作用；1.连接主句和从句。
2。
代表被修饰的先行词。
3.在定语从句做一个句子成分。
eg. This is the room which I lived in last year。
先行词关系代词定语从句（三）：定语从句中有关系代词who, whom, whose, which，that，as.关系副词when，where, why 等引导定语从句。
(四）：用关系代词还是用关系副词关系代词起代词的作用，关系副词起副词的作用，因此同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用来决定。
This is the place where we work.（vi。
) （关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的)This is the place which we visited。
(vt. )注:先行词是time, minute, moment, next time很少用关系副词when，可用that 但通常省去。
This is the place where work。
（vi。
) (关系词所做的成分关键是有从句中的动词来决定的）This is the place which we visited。
(vt. ）(五）：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1．二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导.非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。
牛津高一模块一Unit 1 语法定语从句 part9
总结：从句中要省略跟主句表示的相同的词。
关系词在定语从句中充当： attribute （ 定语）： She has a brother .I can't remember his name. 1.先找到两句话中共有的名词。（ brother ） She has a brother whose name I can't remember.
I was glad that all my classmates were fond of the cake （that I made）.
先行词
定语从句 关系词
1.你可以选择你喜欢的科目。 定语从句公式：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 You can choose the subject which\that you like.
4.先行词student（学生）可以选关系词 who\whom\whose.然后看从句：_____ the teachers fail. 缺少（主语？宾语？定语？） 所以可以选who\whom. 5.先行词classes(科目)，从句缺宾语所以只能选which。 6.take the classes,缺宾语，所以选关系词 which. 7.先行词teacher（老师）可以选关系词 who\whom\whose.然后看从句：_____ class.缺定语。 所以只能选whose. 8.先行词teacher（老师）然后看从句：_____ they like or respect. 缺少宾语 所以可以选who\whom.
地点状语，时间状语where，when省略介词
1.先行词student（学生）可以选关系词 who\whom\whose.然后看从句：_____ study(学习、 动词) in the USA. 缺少（主语？宾语？定语？） 所以只能选who. 2.先行词time(时间)可以选which\whose.从句____they spend。缺宾语， 所以只能选which。 3.先行词student（学生）可以选关系词 who\whom\whose.然后看从句：_____ do not make good use of their time.缺少（主语？宾语？定语？） 所以只能选who.
牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 语法 定语从句讲解 .ppt
(四) 关系代词用who/whom不用that的情况
One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. There was a Mr. Green who wanted to see you.
关系词 先行 词
人
人
从句 成分
主，宾
宾
例
句
who
whom whose that
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working. The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
Company Logo
Grammar
Add Your Company Slogan
---the attributive clause
By Yolanda Ye
英语基本句型
SV
SVO
Iron rusts.
Liverpool won the game.
SVP
SVoO SVOC
高一牛津英语模块一 定语从句
高一牛津英语模块一、二语法练习,语法复习模块一1 A computer is a machine that / which has a very good memory.2 Teacher who /_that live far away home will be happy with our dormitories.3 Did you see the boy whose name was Dick in the school library?4 The Smiths live in a big house whose windows are very big and bright.5 Anything ( that ) people like to do in their free time for pleasure is a hobby.6 The girl (who / whom / that ) you talked to just now is my cousin.7 Energy is something that makes things work.8 I have read all the letters ( that ) you gave me.all, much, little, few修饰先行词, 关系代词只能用that9 The first place ( that) they visited in China was Shanghai.10 This is the cleanest park (that ) you can imagine.11 Corn was not the only food _that was taken to Europe.the only, the very, the same, the last, just12 They talked about things and persons ( that ) they remembered.13 Do you remember the day on which / when we left you in charge ?14 The police searched the house in which /where the thief had stayed.15 Those who are against the plan raise your hands.one, ones, someone, anyone, everyone, somebody , anybody, everybody, those作先行词，关系代词常用who16 Do you know the woman (who / whom /that ) our teacher is talking with.Do you know the woman with whom our teacher is talking?17 The man ( that /_who /whom) bought the old picture from is over eight years old.The man from whom I bought the old picture is over eight years old.18 This is the reason for which / why my parents got home earlier.I don’t want to listen to the reason ( that/ which ) you explained.19 Tom’s father , who is over sixty, still works hard.20 Mr. Green, who / whom you saw in the library yesterday, will teach us physics next term.21 I , who am your friend, will try my best to help you out.22 He came in late again, which made his boss angry.He was a foreigner, which I know from his accent.23 As he realized , I was useful to him. Air, _as we know, is a gas.As is reported in today’s newspaper, we must leave.24 The teacher gave us such a different problem_as no one worked out .I want the same pen as you bought yesterday.25 The film reminded me of the years during which /when we had nothing to eat.The film reminded me of the year in which / when we had nothing to eat.语法复习模块二—Alice’s second-hand computer_____ wrong although she used it only once.A goesBhas gone C is going D had gone2 Robert _____me his address the other day, but I’m afraid I ____it.A hadgiven;lost B hasgiven;havelostCgave;havelost D gives;lost3 I____ nothing about it before you told me the newsA knowBknew C had known D has known4 --What ____these days? Still busy writing your new book?--Yes, I think I can finish it next week.A do you doBhave you been doing C have you done D did you do5 --what was the film like? --Well，I____ it____ very interesting.Athought; would be B thought; may be C think; is going to be D think;will be6 It was the third time that he ____us about his story.A has toldB toldC is tellingDhad told7 I forget what I was taught, I only remember what I_____.A learnB learnedChave learned D had learned8 My younger sister____ the Youth League ____2004.A has joined; inB has joined;sinceC had joined;sinceDjoined; in9 --Where____my pen?I cann’t find it anywhere.--I___it on this table,but now,it’s gone.A did you put;have putBhave you put;putC had you put;was puttingD were you putting;have put10 She was praised for what she___.Ahad done B has done C would do D does11 I____ he would help me with my English, in fact he didn ’t.A has thoughtB thoughtC thinkDhad thought12 -- Tom,your shirt is so dirty?--Mom,I___ourstoreroomdownstairsandIwillwashitafterfinishingthecleaning.A cleanedB have cleanedC was cleaningDhave been cleaning13 They___ friends since they met in New York.A have madeB have becomehave been D have turned14 Nobody but the twins___ some interest in the project till now.A showsB showC have shownDhas shown15.The students don’t want to have their supper until they ____ their experiment.A finishedBhave finished C had finished D will finish用心爱心专心119号编辑316 By now students in Grade One ____ 1,700 English words and phrases.A should learnBhave learned C learned D learn17–Sorry to have kept you waiting!--I _____ here for fifty minutes.A have arrivedB have gotC have reachedDhave been18–Where have you been? I ____you the whole day.--I was in the library reading magazines.Ahave been telephoning B had telephoned C telephoned D was telephoned 19–Hi, Tracy , you look tired.--I am tired. I____ the living room all day.A paintedB had paintedChave been painting D have painted20–why didn’t you come yesterday? --I ____ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.A hadB wouldCwas going to D did21–Will you be free at three o’clock tomorrow afternoon.--No, I __ a meeting at that time.A will haveB was going to haveCwill be having D would have22–What were you doing when I phoned you yesterday.--I ____ just finished my homework and ___to watch TV.A have; am goingB have; was goingChad; was going D had; am going23–My father will be here tomorrow. --Oh, I thought that he ___ today.Awas coming B is coming C will come D comes24 When we reach New York, it ____.A probably will rainBwill probably be rainingC is probably rainingD has probably rained25—Is this the last exam we have to take this term?--Yes, but there ___ another test three months from now.A hasB isC wasDwill be26 It was said that the machine ___ sometime the next week.A had been repairedB would repairCwas to be repaired D needs repairing27–Why did you buy this paint so early?--I ___ my bedroom tomorrow, but I changed my mind.Awas going to paint B am going to paint C am painting D will paint 28 I ____ show you the photo ___ I was interrupted.Awas about to; whenBwas going to; when29 At this time tomorrow I __ a report in my office and I __ by noon. Awill be writing will have finishedB will write will finishII Fill in the blanks30 I am going to (打算) see Mr. Li this evening.31 --Have you cleaned your room?--Sorry, I haven’t. But I will (表意愿）go and clean it at once.32 The journey that was to change Toby’s life started in July that year. (必然的情况)33 I told you Colin and I would spend a few weeks traveling. (过去将来时)34 We were going to see the wild animals, but then we didn’t have time.(过去的打算)。
牛津英语模块一Unit1单元考点集训定语从句用法
Chapter 2 模块一Unit 1单元语法集训——定语从句的用法◆语法专题考点预览1.定语从句的定义及相关术语2.比较关系代词与关系副词的用法3.“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句（一）定义及相关术语一、定义1．定语从句：修饰某一、或的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：○1连接功能：；○2指代功能：；○3语法功能：在定语从句中。
关系词依其在定语从句中的功能，分为和。
关系代词有等；关系副词有等。
该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man, who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、定语从句的种类以及区别定语从句分为定语从句和定语从句1. 限制性定语从句起限定作用，是主句不可缺少的部分，与先行词之间无逗号；翻译时常译成前置定语。
Those who want to go, please sign their names here. 想去的人请在这儿签名。
2. 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，省去后不影响主句的意思，并且常用逗号与主句隔开；翻译时常译成并列的分句。
A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫，这令我十分恐惧。
This note was left by John, who was here a moment ago. 这张纸条是约翰留的，他刚才来过这儿。
请看下面例句的不同含义：限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。
She has two sons who are P.L.非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。
She has two sons，关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句时，which可以指主句的全部内容，也可以是部分内容，从句只能位于先行词后。
牛津高中英语模块一语法定语从句1
Lift is a cage that goes up and down in a tall building.
Library is a building that stores lots of books for readers.
课文中的定语从句
Para 2:
I sat next to a girl. Her name was Diana. 定语从句= 定语从句= I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana.
Para 3 I loved the lessons. She gave lessons in English Literature. 定语从句= 定语从句= I loved the lessons that she gave in English Literature.
Relative pronouns 关系代词
1. The film_____I saw yesterday is very moving.
that/which/不填 不填
that/which/不填 不填 2. He lost the watch _____his father gave him. who/that 3. The man _____talked with you just now is our principal. whose 4. Do you know the girl _____ponytail is long?
Exercise: My friend has a dog. The dog’s eyes are of different colors. My friend has a dog whose eyes are of different colors. My friend has a dog of which the eyes are of different colors.
译林牛津模块1 Unit 1 语法：定语从句(译林牛津版高一英语必修一教案教学设计)
Teaching Aims:To give a brief introduction to attributive clauseTo teach students the functions of relative pronouns and relative adverbs in attributive clausesTo develop students’ cognition in grammar, especially the basic elements of sentencesTeaching Important & Difficult Points:The basic usage of the relative pronouns and learn to use them in different situationsHow to apply relative clauses to situational useTeaching Methods:Introduction, task-based in-class activities; explanations of some rules of the attributive clauseTeaching Aids: a multimedia classroomTeaching Procedures:StepⅠRevision1. Check students’ homework in writing on page 93. Ask some students to read their note of Part B on page 93.2. Choose some words and expressions in Period 3 and dictate them before grammar is staged.Step Ⅱ Lead-in1. Ask Ss to recall what can be used to modify a noun in English and write down the following phrases on the blackboard.a happy momentblue skya girl studentbus stationa monkey in the treethe article about your experience in the UKT: A noun, an adjective or the prepositional phrases can be used to modify a noun.2. Summarize the rules of the order in the examples above.We put adjectives or nouns before nouns to modify them while we put prepositional phrases after nouns to modify them.More examples(P8):Adjective: the green teamPrepositional phrase: the team in greenAttributive clause: the team who are wearing greenT: The last sentence is an attributive clause. That means a sentence is used to modify a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The nouns they modify are called antecedents.Step Ⅲ Introduction to attributive clauseGive some examples of AC on the screen and ask Ss to fill in the form below.1. The girl who/that is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2. The girl whom/who /that my mother is talking to is my classmate.3. The girl whose name is Rose sits next to me.4. I can’t find the book which/that is borrowed from you.5. I can’t find t he book which/that you lent to me.6. I can’t find the book whose cover/the cover of which is red.Example Antecedent Attributive clause Function of the relative pronoun1 the girl who/that is standing next to our teacher subject2 the girl whom/who /that my mother is talking to object3 the girl whose name is Rose possessive4 the book which/that is borrowed from you subject5 the book which/that you lent to me object6 the book whose cover/the cover of which is red possessiveT: The nouns or the antecedent usually refers to a person /people or a thing/things, for example a story, a cake, books and so on. We usewhich/that as a relative pronoun to refer to things, while we usewho/whom/that as a relative pronoun to refer to people. Which/that is used as the subject or object in the AC. Who/that is used as the subject and whom/who/that is used as the object in the AC. And they will know when which, that, whom, who can be left out if it refers to an object in the AC.Step Ⅳ Identifying the attributive clause1. Let students to read the guidelines in Point 2 on page 8.2. Ask students to read the example sentences in Point 2 and let themsay what function of the bold part in each sentence is. Then ask them to point out the attributive clause in sentence and put the whole sentence into Chinese, so they can compare the different ways in which the attributive clause is expressed in English and in Chinese.Step ⅤPractice1. To test how well they understand AC, the teacher is to give them a timely self check ---- tick the sentences with AC in C1 on P88. Puzzles like 3, 8 may be ignored for the time being, left to be thought overafter class and solved in the next period.2. Ask students to identify the attributive clauses in the article on P9. Show their findings on a screen, and ask them to mark “antecedents”, “relatives” and translate the sentences into Chinese. Explain some key words and expressions such as “upon”, “develop an interest in”, “donate”, “display”, “make a speech” etc. What’s more, students are asked to classify these marked relatives into “relative pronouns” and “relative adverbs”. As for relative pronouns, they are also required to tell the functions they play in each attributive clause.1) David was one of the most important helpful students that we ever had. ( object )2) In 1998, he went to Oxford where he got interested in Chinese culture.3) Some of the cities in China which he likes most are Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Nanjing. ( object )4) Most of the students that he taught have become his friends.( object )5) Some of the books were gifts that he got from his Chinese friends and students. ( object )6) The paintings that David donated to the school are being displayed in the assembly hall. ( object )3. Learn the new words from page 9 to page 11.Ask students to turn to page 68 and study the new words (former-please).Step Ⅵ HomeworkAsk students to read the article on page 9 again and againAsk students to finish C1 on page 88. Get them to point out the antecedent, the relative pronoun or relative adverb in the sentence with an attributive clause.Period 6§Grammar and usage (2-2) Introduction to attributive clauses§Teaching Aims:To consolidate what’s learned the day beforeTo focus Ss’ attention on the usage of relative pronounsTo teach Ss in which situation who, whom, which or that can be left out.Teaching Important & Difficult Points:How to choose the right relative and use it properlyTeaching Methods:Introduction, task-based in-class activities; explanations of some rules of the attributive clauseTeaching Aids: a multimedia classroomTeaching Procedures:StepⅠRevision1. Check the homework with the students. Make sure that students know what an attributive clause is and the function of each relative word.2. Have a dictation to go over the words we learnt last period.Step Ⅱ PresentationQuestion: What does a noun usually refer to?(Students should know a person/people or a thing/things. For example, story, cake, and book are things, while friend, teacher and monitor are persons.)Step Ⅲ Using relative pronouns1. Ask students to read Point 1 on page 10 and point out the antecedent and the attributive clause in each sentence. Then ask: What doesthat/which function in each clause?Ask students to read the tip box, so the student will know thedifference between that and which.2. Ask students to read Point 2 and point out the antecedent and the attributive clause in each sentence. Then ask: What does who function in each clause?Ask students to read the tip box, so the students will know that can also be used to refer to a person/people.3. Ask students to read Point 3 and Point 4, and point out the antecedent in each sentence.4. Ask students to read the following sentences:Bb: She has a bother. I can’t remember his name.Question: What does his refer to? (His refers to a brother’s.)Bb: She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.Questions: Which part is the antecedent here? (a brother)What is it used as in the attributive clause? (attribute)Ask students to read Point 5 and point out the antecedent in each sentence. Then ask: What does the relative pronoun whose refer to in the two sentences.5. Show the following table on the screen and ask students to fill in.Antecedent Subject Object Attribute NoteFor persons who/that whom/who/that whose A relative pronoun can be omitted when it is used as the object in an attributive clause.For things which/that which/that whose/of whichStep ⅣSupplementation注意that which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.(1) 当先行词为不定代词all, much, little, only, just, every, last, one of, no, little, few, any, something, everything, anything，nothing, none, the one......及the very, the last, the next, the only或被不定代词修饰时e.g.: Is there anything (that) I can do for you? You should hand in all that you have.All that can be done has been done. In this factory I saw little / much that was different from ours.The only thing that I want to do is to have a rest. This is the very book that I’m looking for.We heard clearly every word that he said. She is the only person that understands me.(2)当先行词为序数词、形容词的最高级或被它们修饰时e.g.: He was the first person that passed the exam. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. Is that the best that you can do?That’s the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in.This novel is the second best one that I have ever read.When people talk about Hang Zhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.(3)当先行词既有人又有物时e.g.: Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?The film star and her film that you have just talked about is really well-known.She described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most.The guests spoke highly of the children and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.(4)由which或who等特殊疑问词引导的句子e.g.: Which is the bike that you lost? Which is the car that killed the boy?Who is the boy that won the gold medal? Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?(5)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时e.g.: Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. He is not the person that he used to be.c.f.: Shanghai is no longer what it used to be.(6)如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词用which, 另一个用that以避免重复。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
关系分句&关系词的选择在复合句中起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做关系分句（定语从句），被修饰的词叫做先行词（antececdent)，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与关系分句中间起了连接作用，二是在分句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系分句分为限制性关系分句和非限制性关系分句。
关系词分为关系代词（that, who, whom, which, whose)、关系副词（when, where, when, why)和关系限定词（whose）.具体关系词的选择如下:考虑三个因素（限定性、指人还是指物、充当的成分）一般：who/whom/that指人which/that指物在限制性关系分句中关系词的选择1．thatthat在定语从句中可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，但不能放在介词后作介词宾语。
如：The eggs that I bought yesterday were not fresh.我昨天买的鸡蛋不新鲜。
I prefer dumplings that have just been cooked.我更喜欢吃刚煮出来的饺子。
指物时that和which可以互换，但下面几种情况通常用that引导定语从句，不能用which。
（l）当先行词有最高级修饰或本身就是最高级时。
如：This book is the most difficult one that I have ever read.这本书是我所读过的最难的一本书。
The best that I could do was to apologize.我能做的最好的事情就是道歉。
（2）当先行词有序数词修饰或本身就是序数词时。
如：Here are two students，the third that you want is to come in a minute.这儿有两个学生，你要的第三个学生一会儿就来。
The second school that I visited here was Yucai Middle School.我在这儿所参观的第二所学校是育才中学。
（3）当先行词是all、不定代词如（something，anything, nothing，little, much，none）时。
如：There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.我没有办法弥补所丢失的时间。
All that is worth doing is worth doing well.值得做的就值得做好。
（4）当先行词前有only，all，any，no等词修饰时。
如：There are no people that things must not happen to.没有人一生不出事。
The only thing that they could do was to sleep.他们所能做的事就是睡觉。
（5）当先行词在svc结构中作表语（主语补语）时,而且还通常省略。
如：This is the school (that) I once studied at. 这就是我曾经上学的学校。
当先行词在there be（存在句）结构中做“实义主语”时，而且还通常省略。
The 9:15 is the fastest train (that) there has ever been.（7）当先行词既含有人又含有物时。
如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered in the school.他们谈论还能记起的在学校里的人和事。
The man and manners that he describes in his book are familiar.他书中所描述的人以及所用的手法都很熟悉。
（8）句中有两个定语从句，其中第一个从句的关系代词已用了who或which时，第二个定语从句的关系代词用that。
如：Our English teacher is the man who is talking with the girl that is in red.我们的英语老师就是那位男子，他在和穿红衣服的女孩谈话。
We built a factory which produces fertilizer that is badly needed.我们修建了一个工厂，生产急需的化肥。
（9）在以who开头的疑问句中。
如：Who is the boy that is standing at the gate？门口站的那个男孩是谁？Who was she that he danced with? 和他跳舞的那个女士是谁？2.whichwhich在定语从句中指物，作主语，动词宾语或介词宾语。
如：The building which stands near the river is our school.河边的那所建筑物是我们学校。
This is the reference book which you want.这就是你要的那本参考书。
下面几种情况通常用which，不用that:（l）关系代词在介词后面时。
如：This is the chair on which I sat just now.这就是我刚才坐的那把椅子。
That is the house in which we lived last year.那就是去年我们住的房子。
如果要用that引导定语从句，则介词不能放在前面，只能放在从句中相关动词的后面。
在含有介词的固定短语动词中，介词不能提前。
（2）在非限定性定语从句中。
如：They are hollow, which makes them very light.．它们是空的，这使得它们很轻。
The book,which was written in 1994, was published in 1996.1994年写的那本书，1996年才出版。
（3）先行词为that时。
如：What's that which you are looking at? 你们正在看什么？What's that which you are holding in your hands?你手里拿的什么？关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般放在whom,which之前。
关系词的选择：正式语体：介词前置，whom指人，which指物It is a tribute in which the British-speaking peoples can share irrespective of party or class.James Russell is a man for whom I have the greatest respect.非正式语体，介词后置，who/that指人，that指物，或者都用zero. There are the boys (who/that) I went to school with.The case (that) you are referring to is now closed.关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般放在whom,which之前。
介词由两方面来确定。
（l）根据动词和介词的搭配来确定。
如：This is the house in which we lived last year．这就是我们去年住的房子。
There comes the man about whom we just talked.我们刚才谈论的那个人过来了。
（2）根据从句的意思来确定。
如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.他建造了一个望远镜，通过这个望远镜他就能观察天体。
Wei Hua，with whom I palyed pingpong yesterday, is not here now.和我昨天一起打乒乓球的魏华现在不在这儿。
表示方式的结构，以the way作先行项的关系分句通常由in which 引导。
The way in which you answered the questions was admirable.但在非正式语体中，通常省略。
The way you answered the questions was admirable.3．who,whom,whosewho，whom指人，在从句中作主语、宾语。
whose既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
如：The professor who comes from Beijing University is famous.．从北京大学来的那位教授是很著名的。
he writer whom we met in the street gave us a lecture last month.我们在街上碰到的那位作家上个月给我们作过一次报告。
The bike whose bell doesn't work is mine.那辆铃不响的车子是我的。
4.特殊关系词as&but（l）as作代词，引导定语从句，主要用于the same as ,the same…as 或such…as 结构中，这时as 相当于who或which。
如：The house is just the same as it used to be.这所房子和过去没什么差别。
Such people as you are talking about will surely succeed.你说的这种人肯定会成功的。
（2）引导非限定性定语从句时，它指的是主句所表达的整个内容。
这种从句表示谈话人对谈话内容的看法或态度，可以放在句首，句中或句末。
如：Mike,as you know, is a good man.如你所知，迈克是个好人。
The elephant is like a snak，as anybody can see.任何人都能看到，大象像条蛇。
which和as引导非限定性定语从句的区别。
which引导非限定性定语从句：（l）只代替主句的部分内容。
（2）可代替主句的全部内容。
（3）代替主句中表物或事的一个名词或词组，且对其进行说明。
（4）当定语从句为复合结构，且关系词为宾语时。
（5）定语从句为否定句时。
（6）定语从句为主动句，且关系词在从句中作主语时。
as引导非限定性定语从句:（l）可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。