常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(第4章 新英格兰超验主义
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)章节题库(含名校考研真题)-英国浪漫主义(圣才出品)
第5章英国浪漫主义填空题1.Two English poets,_____and_____published a book of poems Lyrical Ballads.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge【解析】1798年，华兹华斯和柯勒律治联合出版了《抒情歌谣集》，标志着英国浪漫主义的诞生。
2.Two men fight a dual in the border region of England and Scotland and the loser causes more shame than pain to his aged father with his loss because his loss is considered not a loss of his own but a loss of the nation.（武汉大学2010研）Answer:“_____”by_____.【答案】Ivanhoe Walter Scott3.“I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud”is a poem written by the romantic poet_____.（首师大2008研）【答案】William Wordsworth.【解析】《我似一朵孤云独自游》，或译《水仙》，是英国著名浪漫主义诗人华兹华斯的名作。
4._____,a lyrical drama,is Shelly’s masterpiece.The story was taken from Greekmythology.（人大2006研）【答案】Oedipus Tyrannus5.William_____based his poetic theory on the principle that“all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of_____.”（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Wordsworth,powerful feeling【解析】(William Wordsworth和Samuel Taylor Coleridge共同出版的Lyrical Ballads《抒情歌谣集》标志着英国浪漫主义的开始。
美国文学简史常耀信版Chapter_3_The_Literature___of_Romanticism
3
American Romanticism
The
Romantic Period, one of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War.
1).Walter Scott: Waverly novels, The Lady of the Lake 2).Byron: Oriental romances 3).Gothic tradition, the cult of solitude and of gloom
8
Romanticism
started
ended
Backgrounds of American Romanticism
National
influences influences
International
6
National Influences
A. In politics: democracy and political equality lay the foundation of Romanticism; B. In economics: the spread of industrialism; the sudden influx of immigration and the pioneers pushing the frontier further west; C. In culture: the publication of Webster’s Dictionary marked the beginning of the American English; the appearance of many magazines and newspapers.
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二）I.Fill in the blanks1._____’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡的诗歌富有音乐感和浪漫主义色彩，《乌鸦》是最知名的一首。
2.Harriet Beecher Stowe’s masterpiece is_____.【答案】Uncle Tom’s Cabin【解析】比彻·斯托夫人(Harriet Beecher Stowe1811-1896)的名作长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激1850年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。
3._____is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.【答案】Martin Eden【解析】杰克·伦敦名作《马丁·伊登》（Martin Eden）是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。
4.The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as“_____”.【答案】The Gilded Age【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。
5.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____”movement.【答案】imagism【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。
6.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(21-26章)【圣才出品】
第21章自白派•垮掉的一代21.1复习笔记I.The Confessional School（自白派）The term is usually used to certain poets of the United States from the late1950s to the late 1960s.In a broad way,the poetry of this group of poets share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage,one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc.,and the urgent“I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you”impulse.In a sense,it is Lowell who gave the Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity with his ruthless self-dissection. Representatives of the Confessional are School Robert Lowell,Anne Sexton,Sylvia Plath.这一术语用来指20世界50年代末到60年代末的一些美国诗人。
广义上讲，这些诗人的诗歌具有以下共同特点，如对自己的背景和传统，自己的隐私、欲望和幻想等进行无情的、令人痛苦的自我分析，以及一种急切的“我将告诉你一切”的冲动。
从某种程度上讲，洛威尔用他无情的自我剖析使自白诗获得新生也使其成为新时尚。
自白派代表人物是罗伯特·洛威尔、安妮·塞克斯顿、西尔维娅·普拉斯。
吴伟仁《美国文学史及选读》配套题库【章节题库(含考研真题)】-第一~二章【圣才出品】
第一章殖民地时期的美国文学填空题1. The term “Puritan” was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of ______.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。
其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
2. The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was ______.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。
美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3. Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety, these were the ______ values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。
清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。
这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
4. Many Puritans wrote verse, but the works of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and______, rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward T aylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特和爱德华·泰勒。
5. The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by ______.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)模拟试题及详解(一)和(二)【圣才出品】
第二部分模拟试题第1章常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（一）I.Fill in the blanks1.Thomas Paine’s second most important work_____was an impassioned plea against hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729—1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。
《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。
2._____was regarded as the first great prose stylist of American romanticism.【答案】Washington Irving【解析】华盛顿·欧文是美国著名作家，他被誉为美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家。
3.In_____,Whitman’s own early experience may well be identified with the childhood of a young growing America.【答案】Song of Myself【解析】在惠特曼的《自我之歌》中他将自己早期的经历同一个正在成长中的美国等同起来。
4.The great work_____not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy.【答案】Self-Reliance【解析】富兰克林的《论自立》不仅表现了爱默生关于自立的思想，同时也表达了他的超验主义思想。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(15-20章)【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳15.1复习笔记I.The Southern Renaissance（南方文艺复兴）1.Historical background（历史背景）The American south has been a unique region all along.There was the historically significant conflict between the Hamiltonian north and the Jeffersonian south.For a long time after the Civil War,the agricultural south remained subordinate to industrial north,and there existed a glaring gap in culture and way of thinking between the two parts of the country.Measures were taken to develop the south;economic improvements slowly came about.Although the south remained conservative,but there appeared a visible sign of change in literature,and there are efforts to reassess the past and the present and do self-searching.美国南方一直是一个独特的地区。
哈米尔顿式南方与杰斐逊式北方之间存在具有重大历史意义的冲突。
美国内战后相当长的时间内，农业式的南方仍然从属于工业化的北方。
美国这两个地区之间在文化和思维方式上存在显著的差距。
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)配套题库-19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人名校考研真题和章节题库(圣才出
第7章19世纪中后期的散文家和诗人填空题1.The school of_____in English literature and art in the last decades of the_____ century is mainly represented by Walter Paler and Oscar Wilde,with_____as its chief authority and source of inspiration and_____as its most popular spokesman.（国际关系学院2010研）【答案】aestheticism;19th;Walter Pater;Oscar Wilde【解析】唯美主义运动（Aesthetic movement）是于19世纪后期出现在英国艺术和文学领域中的一场运动。
瓦尔特·佩特的一系列文章激发了当时的颓废主义者们的思想，这种思想继而在英国发展，其中最有名的代表则是奥斯卡·瓦尔德。
2.Author_____Title_____.（南京大学2007研）【答案】Author:Alfred Tennyson;Title:The Eagle【解析】题目节选自丁尼生的《鹰》。
3.Robert Browning’s poetic experiments transferred the thematic interest of poetry from mere narration of the story to revelation and study of characters’_____and brought to the Victorian poetry some_____element.【答案】inner world,psycho-analytical【解析】罗伯特·布朗宁的主要成就在于他的诗歌新形式戏剧独白，并且用它鲜明而生动地塑造了各种不同类型的人物性格，深刻而复杂地展示了人的内心世界，赋予了维多利亚时期的诗歌以心理分析的色彩。
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第4章新英格兰超验主义•爱默生•梭罗I.Fill in the blanks.1.Ralph W.Emerson believes in the concept of the_____.It is the_____within which every man’s particular being is contained and made one with all other.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】Transcendentalism;Oversoul【解析】爱默生信奉超验主义，在他看来，超灵为人所共有，每个人的思想存在于超灵之中，人能以直觉官能与之交融。
2.Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote_____,which has been called“the Manifesto of American Transcendentalism,”and_____,which has been regarded as America’s “Declaration of Intellectual Independence.”（南开大学2007研）【答案】Nature;“The American Scholar”【解析】爱默生的《论自然》被称为“美国超验主义的宣言”，其《美国学者》则被誉为美国知识分子的独立宣言。
3.In1836,a little book came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America.It was entitled Nature by_____.【答案】Ralph Waldo Emerson【解析】拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生（Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803-1882）美国散文作家、思想家、诗人。
1836年出版处女作《论自然》（Nature）。
《论自然》的发表为美国思想界吹来一股清风，一扫机械主义自然观的乌烟瘴气。
4.The great work_____not only demonstrates Emersonian ideas of self-reliance but also develops and tests Thoreau’s own transcendental philosophy.【答案】Self-Reliance【解析】富兰克林的《论自立》不仅表现了爱默生关于自立的思想，同时也表达了他的超验主义思想。
5.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s truest disciple,the man who put into practice many of Emerson’s theories,was_____.【答案】Henry David Thoreau【解析】亨利·戴维·梭罗（Henry David Thoreau）是美国作家、哲学家，他最著名的作品为著名散文集《瓦尔登湖》和论文《论公民的不服从权利》。
梭罗是爱默生最忠实的追随者并且将爱默生的许多理论付诸了实践。
6.A superb book entitled_____came out of Henry David Thoreau’s two year experiment at Walden Pond.【答案】Walden【解析】《瓦尔登湖》(Walden)出版于1854年，梭罗在书中详尽地描述了他在瓦尔登湖湖畔一片再生林中度过两年零两月的生活以及期间他的许多思考。
7.From Henry David Thoreau’s Concord jail experience came his famous essay_____.【答案】Civil Disobedience【解析】在瓦尔登湖生活期间，梭罗因为反对黑奴制拒交“人头税”而被捕入狱。
友人替他代交了税款保其出狱，但这一亲身体验却激发他写成了著名的政论《抵制国民政府》（Resistance to Civil Government，后改名为《论公民的不服从权利》（Civil Disobedience）。
8.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s essay_____has been regarded as“Americas Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.It called on American writers to write about America in a way peculiarly American.【答案】The American Scholar9.Another renowned New England Transcendentalist was_____,a friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his junior by some14years.【答案】Henry David ThoreauII.Multiple Choice1.American renaissance started from_____.（北二外2009研）A.PragmatismB.utilitarianC.New England transcendentalismD.the age of Realism【答案】C【解析】美国的文艺复兴，又称为新英格兰文艺复兴，源于新英格兰超验主义。
2.Which one of the following statements is applicable to the understanding of Transcendentalism?（四川大学2008研）A.It is strongly influenced by social Darwinism.B.Belief in individualism,independence of mind,and self-reliance.C.Man has no free-will.D.It holds that determinism governs everything.【答案】B【解析】超验主义肯定人的神圣性，主张人能超越感觉和理性而直接认识真理，“相信你自己”，是超验主义者的座右铭。
3.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s_____is regarded as the“Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.（北二外2008研；首师大2009研）A.NatureB.The Conduct of LifeC.Representative MenD.The American Scholar【答案】D【解析】The American Scholar（《论美国学者》）是爱默生在哈佛大学的一篇演讲词，爱默生在演说中主张建立独立的民族文化与文学，吹起了美国文化独立的号角。
4.Point out the work that was written by Henry David Thoreau._____.（四川大学2009研）A.The Fall of the House of UsherB.The Rise of Silas LaphamC.WaldenD.“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”【答案】C【解析】梭罗是美国先验主义作家之一，其代表作是Walden（《瓦尔登湖》）。
选项A《厄舍古屋的倒塌》是Edgar Allan Poe（爱伦·坡）的作品；选项B《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》是William Dean Howells（豪威尔斯）的小说；选项D《睡谷传奇》的作者是Washington Irving（华盛顿·欧文）。
5.“The universe is composed of Nature and the soul…Spirit is present every where”.This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson,which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase,the phase of New England_____.A.RomanticismB.TranscendentalismC.NaturalismD.Symbolism【答案】B【解析】《论自然》（Nature）是爱默生的第1部重要哲学著作，最初发表于1836年。
它集超验主义思想之大成，有新英格兰超验主义宣言的美称。
《论自然》中强调精神，或超灵，认为这是宇宙至为重要的存在因素。
超灵是一种无所不容、无所不在、扬善抑恶的力量，是万物之本、万物之所属，它存在于人和自然界内。
6.There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually _____on the Puritan soil.A.RomanticismB.PuritanismC.MysticismD.Unitarianism【答案】A【解析】新英格兰超验主义深受清教思想的影响，由于清教主义自身积极性与消极性共存的复杂性，超验主义者对清教的态度也是复杂的。
认同、接受与怀疑、超越共存，他们一方面肯定了清教思想与价值，另一方面又批判了清教社会对人的精神的负面影响。
7.Transcendentalists recognized_____as the“highest power of the soul”.A.intuitionB.logicC.data of the sensesD.thinking【答案】A【解析】超验主义者将直觉作为“心灵最伟大的力量”。