高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧及专项训练

高考英语阅读理解推理判断题答题技巧及专项训练阅读理解推理判断题要求在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。

它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。

解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。

也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。

切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

一、细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题，它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。

解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。

考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断。

对于细节推断题来说，根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键。

考生不但要理解文章的字面含义，还要运用逻辑判断能力，推断出文章更深层的含义。

同时还要根据文章内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。

考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场上，设身处地地考虑实际情景，并据此展开合理的想象和推理。

主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题。

二、作者态度或观点的推断类型题目考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。

要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。

该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：①中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等；②褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽有趣的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；③贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。

三、写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。

作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。

这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。

判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握；阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。

四、推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象类题目要求考生本身要具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。

比如考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。

推断文章出处类题目应从文章的内容或结构入手。

从文章的内容上来看，主要有说明文(主要涉及广告和旅游指南等)、议论文(主要涉及影评、书评、新闻评论、正反对比议论文等)。

从文章的结构上来看,新闻报道类文章一般在第一段概括全文内容，后面陈述细节，前面都会出现日期、地点或通讯社等名称。

广告的格式特殊，语言简练。

产品说明会出现产品名称或操作方式等。

网站文章通常会出现click，online, web，website，video 等字眼，有时还会提供网址等。

旅游指南类文章旨在介绍某一旅游景点的自然景观和人文特色，目的是吸引游客来访。

推理判断（infer）题必须把握住的一个原则是：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，必须是not directly stated in the passage.专项训练题：A(2015·重庆一中一诊)Based on new analysis，we are rapidly approaching major climate changeand the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe.Geographers predict thatwithin the next eighty years，current world climate zones could shift and some could completelydisappear.Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter，forcing animalsto migrate(迁徙) north.Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases.Tropical storms and hurricanes willnot only increase but may also become more intense.If the changes come too quickly，animal andplant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.According to Science Daily，a new study predicts that by the year 2100，many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world.It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these farreaching consequences for the whole world.The planet itself has been showingsigns of change.In 2004，a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands inSumatra and in 2008，thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake.Egypt was hitin 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massiveearthquake.Within just the last few months，new reports from around the world have been coming in and mostagree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought.At this point，it doesn’t，our world is gettingmatter what is causing it，but rather，what can be done about it.What’s moremore and more unstable every year.There is war and threat of war everywhere.Natural disastersare becoming more frequent and serious.However，other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientistsbelieve there may be some connection between this.No one knows anything for sure at this pointbecause there is simply not enough data.1．What is the major function of Paragraph 1?A．To arouse the reader’s concern.B．To introduce the theme of the whole passage.C．To summarize the whole passage.D．To state how climate changes.2．What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes?A．To show major changes are taking place on the planet.B．To remind people to prevent future earthquakes.C．To show the damage earthquakes caused.D．To tell us more earthquakes will happen in the future.effects?3．Which of the following is NOT true of climate changes’　A．Animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.B．It could lead to the spread of diseases.C．Current world climate zones could shift and completely disappear.D．Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.4．What can be inferred from the passage?A．Animals and plants won’t die out as long as climate changes slowly.B．There’s enough data for us to predict the future of climate change.C．The world is getting more unstable because of animal migration.D．The earth is not the only planet that is experiencing climate change.B(2015·扬州、南通、连云港市第二次调研考试)Consumers everywhere are faced with the samedilemma：given limited resources，what sorts of purchases are most likely to produce lastinghappiness and satisfaction? Recent research has confirmed that experiential purchases tend toproduce greater hedonic (享乐的)gains than material purchases.The reason why experiences improve with time may be because it is possible to think aboutexperiences in a more abstract manner than possessions.For example，if you think back to afantastic summer from your youth，you might easily remember an abstract sense of warm sunshineand youthful exuberance(生气勃勃)，but you’re less likely to remember exactly what you did day-byday.Material possessions are harder to think about in an abstract sense.The car you bought is still acar，that great new jacket you picked up cheap is still just a jacket.It’s more likely the exper of that summer has taken on a symbolic meaning that can live longer in your memory than apossession.Purchasing may have a negative impact on happiness because consumers often buy “joyless”material possessions，resulting in comfort but not pleasure.In general，people adapt to experiencesmore slowly than to material purchase.This can be seen in both negative and positive purchases：hedonic adaptation would result in a positive experience causing more happiness but a negativeexperience causing less happiness than the comparable material purchase with the same initialhappiness level.Experience，however，seems to be more resistant to these sorts of unfavourable comparisons. It is because of the unique nature of experience. It’s more difficult to make an unfavourable comparison when there is nothing directly comparable.After all，each of our youthful summers is different.It’s well established that social comparisons can have a huge effect on how we view what mightseem like positive events.One striking example is the finding that people prefer to earn $50，000 a year while everyone else earns $25，000，instead of earning $100，000 themselves and havingother people earn $200，000.A similar effect is seen for possessions.When there are so many flatscreen HD TVs to chooseen our choice and the others available.from，it’s easy to make unfavourable comparisons betwe5．An abstract sense in the passage refers to awareness of something ________．A．you cannot think aboutB．you can’t remember wellC．you cannot understandD．you cannot see or touch6．If you make an experiential purchase before a material purchase，you may go to________．A．a theatre before going to a storeB．an exhibition before going to a parkC．a mall before going to a grocer’ｓD．a market before going to a restaurant7．The example of earnings is given to actually indicate________．A．how ridiculous people areB．how people feel contentC．how nearsighted people areD．how people hold prejudice8．It is implied in the passage that，after their material purchases，people might________．A．enjoy their ownership of what they have boughtB．pick every fault in the products they have gotC．regret making a wrong decision to buy the itemsD．leave what they’ve purchased untouched at homeC(2015·扬州、南通、连云港市第二次调研考试)Dear Textual Healing，I would be very interested in your recommendations for any books to help me through a difficulttime of my life.At 57，I am feeling a bit lost.I have a wonderful，loving husband and bright，caring teenage daughter but I am lonely and have lost my spark for life.I have always taken care of everyone and managed a career，but，after the death of my father this summer，my difficulties as a child in a terribly abnormal family have come back to me regularly.Ihave become unfocused and often alone while my husband is away frequently on business and mydaughter busy with school and friends.I am seeking the help of a therapist and taking care of myself but I would love to read something理想状况)back” and reengage with life.to help me “get my groove (PCDear PC，，it’s no wonder you’re feeling a little lost.ButFrom the letter you’ve given us about your lifebefore prescribing titles to help you get your groove back，I’d recommend taking a journey intofiction book，A Field Guide to Getting Lost，which is packed with theRebecca Solnit’s nonwisdom of everyone from Pat Barker to Thoreau and Keats.，meaning the disbanding of an army.“This origin The word lost is rooted in the Old Norse “los”suggests soldiers falling out of formation to go home，ceasing fighting with the wide world.Iworry now that many people never disband their armies，never go beyond what they know，”　Solnit writes.So instead of fearing that lost feeling，try seeing its potential fordiscovery.Explorers，remember，are always lost simply because they’re forever someplace new.“Leave the door open for the unknown，the door into the dark，” Solnit advises.“That’s where the most important things come from，where you yourself came from，and where you will go.”For something that asks a little less of the reader while still giving plenty in return，try a dose(一剂)of Anne Tyler，the beloved creator of numerous heroes whose serious conditions will moveanyone who finds themselves in a midlife difficult situation.One such character is 53yearoldRebecca Davitch，the heroine of Back When We Were Grownups.Like you，she’s combinedmarriage and motherhood with a career but suddenly finds herself feeling lonely in her own？Don’t be foo l ed by thehome.Could it be，she wonders，that she’s “turned into the wrong person”way this novel ambles along—as Rebecca revisits youthful ambitions and the college boyfriendshe abandoned，it asks some heartrending questions before arriving at a place of graceful，joyous acceptance.Along similar lines，I’m also going to recom m end The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry byRachel Joyce.Its hero is 65 when he learns that a former colleague sick.On his way to post her anote，he decides instead to visit her— on foot，from his home in deepest Devon to England’s！It’s a northernmost town，more than 600 miles away.You don’t manage that without focusjourney to a holy place that will take him 87 days to complete，during which he considers hischildhood，marriage and relationship with his son，and becomes an accidental media sensation (轰动)．By the time he reaches his destination，you’ll feel anything but tired.Finally，Ruth Ozeki’s novel A Tale for the Time Being will charm the missing spark back intoyour bining the diary of a sad Tokyo teenager with the story of the middleaged novelistwho finds it，washed ashore on a remote island off the coast of British Columbia，it’s a beautiful illustration of how our lives touch—and are touched by—others in ways we mightn’t even beaware of.This Man Booker Prize finalist has plenty to teach about Zen Buddhism，and unless youhappen to live in one of its settings，it provides a bracing change of scene，too.One other suggestion：books，as we all know，make great companions but that doesn’t mean they can’t be enjoyed in the company of others.If you find yours elf home alone，why not slip one into.your back pack and head out to a favourite café9．What has mainly led to PC’s negative attitude to life?A．The lack of helpful books.B．The blow of her father’s death.C．The contrast between her devotion to others and her being ignored.D．The contrast between her easy life and her family members busy life.10．By mentioning the origin of the word lost，Textual Healing implies that________．A．PC should extend her knowledge by reading moreB．PC should stop struggling with anyone around herC．PC had better try to avoid going someplace newD．PC oughtn’t to be trapped in her present situation11．Who clarifies the idea in his/her work that people are socially related?A．Rebecca Solnit. B．Anne Tyler.C．Rachel Joyce. D．Ruth Ozeki.12．Which of the following can be the proper title?A．Which books will cure loneliness?B．How can you get rid of loneliness?C．Here are good examples for youD．Books will keep you busy and healthyDBasic Study Manual Hardcover：$37.50Future success depends on the ability to learn.Here are the answers to the questions most often asked by parents，teachers，business trainers and by students themselves.Read this book and learn：●What the three barriers to study are and what to do about them●What to do if you get tired of the subject you are studying●Twenty six simple drills to help you learn how to study easily，rapidly and with full understandingBuy and read Basic Study Manual and use it to dramatically improve your ability to study.Study Skills for Life Hardcover：$31.99L．Ron Hubbard’s study technology for teenagers opens the door to their future success by giving them the ability to study and learn，fully illustrated for easy comprehension.Learning How to Learn Hardcover: $24.99The basics of effective study for 8to 12yearolds is fully illustrated.Children who read and applythe materials in this book regain their liking for study and their ability to apply this knowledge tolife.Get this book for a child you want to see wins at his studies!How to Use a Dictionary: Picture Book for Children Hardcover: $34.90，children are not taught the mostIn spite of millions of dollars spent on “educational research”basic skills of learning even the most basic of these：how to use a dictionary.In fact，a search ofeducational books for children found no book that told them how to use a dictionary or that oneshould.Written for children from 8 to 12 years old，this fully illustrated book will teach yourchildren：●How to find words in a dictionary●The different ways that words are used●What the different marks and symbols that are used in a dictionary mean●How to use a dictionary to correctly pronounce wordsIt includes a section for parents and teachers showing you how to use this book with children.Buy，you’ll just pay 50%this book and give it to your children to unlock their education.What’s morefor it before May 1，2016.13．Some information of the four books was illustrated in order to________．A．reduce the cost of themB．appeal to readers of all agesC．help readers understand themD．make them suitable for different readers14．What do the four books have in common?A．They are all for 8to 12yearolds.B．They are all written by L．Ron Hubbard.C．They are all study books.D．They are all based on educational research.15．If you buy the four books on April 1，2016，you will have to pay________ for them.A．$129.38 B．$64.69C．$34.90 D．$111.9316．The purpose of the passage is to ________．A．introduce the four books to readersB．help children to learn EnglishC．sell the four books to studentsD．enrich students’ knowledge about natureE，they don’t makeWe tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They don’t move sounds and they don’t seem to respond to anything—at least not very quickly. But as is often thecase，our human’s view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time.Andthe language is chemical.Over the years，scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants.These chemical warnings allhave the same purpose —to spread information about one plant’s disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves.But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals isstill mysterious.In th is week’s Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers in Japan offered some explanations.They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest，the cutworm.The researchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants.They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants.The substance is called HexVic.When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The scientists identified the source of HexVic，and sprayed it lightly over healthy plants.Those plants were then able to start producing the cutwormkilling HexVic.Researchers confirmed that uninfected plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease.How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.It is a complex tale，and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us.Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.17．How do plants warn their neighbors?A．They make use of winds.B．They release some chemicals.C．They identify the chemicals.D．They are exposed early.18．What’s the function of HexVic?A．It damages the cutworm’s body.B．It shows up more.C．It cures the disease.D．It sprays over healthy plants.19．It can be inferred from the text that________．A．there are not chemical signalsB．the phenomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoesC．farmers may benefit from the further studiesD．plants are warned first by their neighbors20．The passage is likely to appear in ________．A．a newspaper advertisementB．a physics textbookC．a science magazineD．a finance report参考答案及解析：Passage A【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。