2021年国际关系学院712英语语言文学专业基础考研真题和答案
2020年-2021年国际关系学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书
初学翻译的同学认为，最理想、最容易操作的翻译模式是同级语言单位对应，如词对词，短语对 短语，句对句，其中“词对词”非常普遍，已然成为不少同学的“共识”。但随着学习深入，他们逐 渐发现，汉英互译中语言单位“交叉对应”“越级对应”才是常态，如一个英语单词对应一个汉语短 语，一个汉语句子对应一个英语短语等，这种“交叉对应”，或称“不对称对应”，就成为了不少教师 讲授中高级翻译的重要切入点。
译文是否简洁，关键是看是否尽可能去除了不必要的重复和修辞，这一点在李长栓的《非文学理 论翻译与实践》及平卡姆《中式英语之鉴》一书中都做了详细阐释，这里不再赘言，而是从我国翻译 教学与实践的实际出发，谈一谈出现不简洁的原则及可能的应对方案。
我们的翻译教学和训练有没有贯彻“简明”思想？肯定有，但面对的学生阶段不同，教师对翻译 简洁的理解不同，特别是目前“简明英语”尚未纳入统一、权威的翻译教材，只作为研究生阶段自学 的课外读物，因此，“简明”思想的贯彻程度及其表现形式，就会因地域、学派、产业治、经济、文化、法律领域的一般概念及其英语表达。
[3]熟悉熟悉中国翻译协会、《中国日报（China Daily）》等主流外宣媒体发布的热点词汇。根据育明教育 统计，每年这个上面考察的内容很多。此外育明教育内部编写的翻译硕士词汇的参加价值也比较大。
■语法：
[1]熟练掌握非谓语动词、定语从句、虚拟语气等重难点语法及其综合运用；
目录
一、2020 年翻译硕士 MTI 考研真题及考研笔记（2020 年考研状元整理）
二、2021 年翻译硕士 MTI 考研复习技巧及名师指导：词汇、翻译技巧、汉百与写作
三、2021 年全国 150 所翻译硕士 MTI 院校考研参考书、报名人数、复试线、报录比及参考书
国际关系学院英语系研究生入学考试(翻译部分全真题)
SECTION A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English.（原文）哲学家们以各种各样的方式解释世界。
哲学是言而不是行。
哲学家断乎改变不了自然与社会。
是不能也，非不为也。
哲学不是科学技术，不是生产力。
哲学是怀疑，是思虑，是静观，是探索。
严格来说，哲学不是解释宇宙，那是自然科学的事。
哲学家至多只能解释人生，解释自己，解释文本。
哲学也不是知，不是知识体系，不是几何学、物理学那样一大套公理、公式，可以解决实际生存问题。
哲学的精神永远是探究、怀疑、发问、沉思；而不是提供现成的答案。
哲学家有些不食人间烟火，他远离田野车间，甚至也不拿天文望远镜观察观察天体，而只是坐在静谧的书斋里读书、思考，思索那些具有终极意义、虚无缥缈的本体问题。
哲学家孤苦伶仃，独处一室之中。
面对古往今来的大哲学家遗留下来的问题，他苦苦沉思。
他唯一富有的是文本，哲学因而就是解释文本，而不是解释宇宙。
哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈--他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思，是同自己交谈。
他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。
他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。
他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。
以哲学为命运的人应当准备在崎岖小路上独行，没有目的，也不会有黄金滚滚而来。
告别鲜花、头衔、掌声和奖品，钟情于思，就会有真哲学。
（参考译文）Philosophers interpret the world through a myriad of ways. Philosophy is more speculative than active. In no way do philosophers transform nature or society. This is not because they do not wish to, but because they are unable to. Philosophy does not work the way that science and technology do, and for this reason, philosophy does not represent a form of production force. What philosophy does represent are skepticism, reflection, contemplation, and exploration.Strictly speaking, philosophy does not attempt at explicating the universe, a responsibility that primarily resides with natural sciences. At their best, philosophers can only interpret life, interpret themselves, and interpret texts. Philosophy does not pretend to be knowledge, hence it does not aim at the construction of a system of knowledge, dissimilar to geometry or physics whose colossal framework of axioms and formulas can provide immediate solutions to the pragmatic problems of human survival. The essence of philosophy lies in eternal questing, questioning, inquiring, and meditating. Philosophy is under no obligation to furnish ready and handy answers. To some extent, philosophers tend to refrain from any secular involvements. A philosopher seldom frequents farmlands or factories, and he even never bothers to look through a telescope to make any observation of celestial bodies. He is only fond of staying in his personal library, in all its quietude, where he indulges himself in book-reading and in musing, pondering on those intangible ontological issues that he deems to be of ultimate significance. A philosopher is willing to surrender himself to utter loneliness and seclusion, confining himself to a room of his own, in a state of overwhelming solitude. In the face of the philosophical issues left over by great philosophical thinkers ancient and modern, he contemplates painstakingly. The only wealth to his possession is texts. Therefore, the task of philosophy is to interpret texts rather than to interpret the universe.A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing hisown books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. He is adept at insights, penetrating into the future. He excels in speculations, speculating on the infinite. He indulges in reveries, traveling in the otherworld in unbounded fantasy. He abounds in sympathies, concerned about the eternal. He converses with the philosophers and the great minds in the remotest corners of the earth. In this sense, his vision extends into the infinite distance and his thoughts are connected with the past and the future. His vision and thoughts transcend all spatiotemporal boundaries whatsoever. He is great; he is immortal; because he is in permanent dialogue with the great souls of the past, the present and the future ……A person who pursues philosophy as his destiny must be ready to trudge along a lonely path replete with twists and turns, purposelessly and aimlessly. Nor should he expect to reap any materialistic rewards. He should be fully prepared to bid farewell to bouquets of flowers, honorary titles, applauses, and prizes in favor of committing himself solely to a life of meditation and contemplation. Only in such a state will true philosophy be born.SECTION B：Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese Translate the following into Chinese(2001)Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American foreign policy. Then two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on Europe. The watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt's (1) and Woodrow Wilson's (2). These men held the reins of government when world affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies.Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American participation. For Wilson, the justification of America's international role was messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson's Administration, America emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal system of law.To hardened veterans of a European diplomacy based on the balance of power, Wilson's views about the ultimately moral foundations of foreign policy appeared strange, even hypocritical. Yet Wilsonianism has survived while history has bypassed the reservations of his contemporaries. Wilson was the originator of the vision of a universal world organization, the League of Nations, which would keep the peace through collective security rather than alliance. Though Wilson could not convince his own country of its merit, the idea lived on. It is above all to the drumbeat of Wilsonian idealism that American foreign policy has marched since his watershed presidency, and continues to march to this day.America's singular approach to international affairs did not develop all at once, or as the consequence of a solitary inspiration. In the early years of the Republic, American foreign policywas in fact a sophisticated reflection of the American national interest, which was, simply, to fortify the new nation's independence. Since no European country was capable of posing an actual threat so long as it had to contend with rivals, the Founding Fathers showed themselves quite ready to manipulate the despised balance of power when it suited their needs indeed, they could be extraordinarily skillful at maneuvering between France and Great Britain not only to preserve America's independence but to enlarge its frontiers. Because they really wanted neither side to win a decisive victory in the wars of the French Revolution, they declared neutrality. Jefferson defined the Napoleonic Wars as a contest between the tyrant on the land (France) and the tyrant of the ocean (England) -in other words, the parties in the European struggle were morally equivalent. Practicing an early form of nonalignment, the new nation discovered the benefit of neutrality as a bargaining tool, just as many an emerging nation has since.（参考译文）直到本世纪初，孤立主义倾向在外交政策中一直大行其道。
国际关系学院712英语语言文学专业基础考研真题和答案
国际关系学院712英语语言文学专业基础考研真题和答案考研是众多大学毕业生的选择之一，在备考过程中，真题的重要性不言而喻。
通过解析真题，可以了解考试的出题特点，熟悉考试内容，提高应试能力。
本文将介绍国际关系学院712英语语言文学专业基础考研真题和答案。
一、阅读理解阅读理解是考研中最重要的部分之一，在学术领域中占有非常重要的地位。
以下是国际关系学院712英语语言文学专业基础考研真题的一道例题及答案解析。
题目：Paleolithic cave paintings in Indonesia include hand stencils and paintings of animals. Early dating estimates range back 35,000-40,000 years making the Indonesian art as ancient as similar cave art in Europe.Which of the following is stated in the passage?A. The Indonesian cave art is more recent than European cave art.B. The Indonesian cave art is over 40,000 years old.C. The Indonesian cave art is more ancient than European cave art.D. The Indonesian cave art is as old as European cave art.答案解析：根据题干中的关键词"Early dating estimates range back 35,000-40,000 years"，我们可以得出答案为D，即"印度尼西亚的洞穴艺术和欧洲古洞穴艺术一样古老"。
北外国关考研真题2021
北外国关考研真题2021北外国关考研真题20212021年北外国关考研真题近日公布，引起了广大考生的关注和热议。
作为国内外语教育领域的权威考试机构，北外国关在考研真题的设计上一直以来都备受考生们的关注。
首先，2021年北外国关考研真题在题型上保持了稳定和创新并重的特点。
从历年的考研真题来看，北外国关一直以来都注重综合能力的考察，题型涵盖了听力、阅读、写作等各个方面。
而今年的考研真题也不例外，依然以这种多维度的方式来考察考生们的语言运用能力和综合素养。
其次，2021年北外国关考研真题在内容上更加贴近时代和社会。
随着全球化的不断发展和中国在国际舞台上的崛起，对外语人才的需求也越来越大。
因此，今年的考研真题在内容上更加注重国际政治、经济、文化等方面的知识。
这不仅考察了考生们的语言运用能力，也考察了他们对国际形势的了解和分析能力。
另外，2021年北外国关考研真题在难度上也有所提高。
考生们纷纷表示，今年的考研真题相较于往年更具挑战性。
这也反映了北外国关对考生们综合素质的要求越来越高。
对于考生们来说，这既是一种压力，也是一种机遇。
只有在面对更高难度的考题时，才能真正锻炼自己的语言运用能力和思维能力。
同时，2021年北外国关考研真题也给考生们提供了更多的备考参考。
通过仔细分析今年的考研真题，考生们可以了解到北外国关对于各个科目的重点考点和命题思路。
这对于考生们来说无疑是一种宝贵的备考资源，能够帮助他们更有针对性地进行备考，提高他们的考试成绩。
最后，2021年北外国关考研真题的公布也引发了对于考研制度的一些思考。
有人认为，考研真题的设计应该更加注重实际应用能力的考察，而不仅仅是对语言知识的测试。
而另一些人则认为，考研真题应该更加注重基础知识的考察，以确保考生们具备扎实的语言基础。
这些不同的声音也反映了对于考研制度的不同看法和期望。
总之，2021年北外国关考研真题的公布引起了广大考生的关注和热议。
这不仅是对考生们综合素质的一种考察，也是对于考研制度的一种检验。
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2021年国际关系学院712英语语言文学专业基础考研真题和答案2021年国际关系学院《712英语语言文学专业基础（英语基础、英语写作、文学欣赏）》考研全套目录•国际关系学院《712英语语言文学专业基础》历年考研真题汇编（含部分答案）•全国名校英美文学考研真题详解•全国名校英语翻译与写作考研真题汇编说明：本部分收录了本科目近年考研真题，并提供部分答案，方便了解出题风格、难度及命题点。
此外提供了相关院校考研真题，以供参考。
2．教材教辅•罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）笔记和考研真题详解•罗经国《新编英国文学选读》（第4版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】•陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）笔记和课后习题（含考研真题）详解•陶洁《美国文学选读》（第3版）配套题库【考研真题精选＋章节题库】说明：以上为本科目指定教材配套的辅导资料。
•试看部分内容考研真题精选一、填空题1. B a co n h a s b e e n c al l e d th e f a th e r o f_____,f o r h i swo rks establi she d an d p opul ari zed in du cti ve m e tho dolo gie s fo r scien ti f ic in qui ry, o ften calle d the B aconian m ethod.（武汉大学2015研）【答案】modern science查看答案【解析】培根被称为“现代科学之父”。
2. _____ i s co n side re d th e fi rst gre at En gl i sh dram ati s tand the mo st i mportan t Eli zabeth an pl aywrigh t before Shakespe are.（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】Chri stop her Marlowe查看答案【解析】本题考查克里斯托弗·马娄的相关知识。
克里斯托弗·马娄是英国诗人，剧作家，他革新了中世纪的戏剧，在舞台上创造了反映时代精神的巨人性格和“雄伟的诗行”，为莎士比亚的创作铺平了道路。
3. Geo ff re y Ch auce r’s wo rk Th e C an te rb u ry Tale s gi ve s u s a pi ctu re o f th e con di ti on o f En gl i sh li fe o f h i s day, su ch as i ts wo rk an d pl ay, i ts de eds an d dre am s, its fun and sy mpathy. _____ contains the story about th e th re e ri o te r s a s n ar r at e d b y th e p a rdo n e r an d h i s long moralizings and attempts to sell fake, “relics”to other pilgrims.（大连外国语大学2010研）【答案】The Pardoner’s Tale查看答案【解析】赎罪僧的故事——关于死神降临贪财者身上的劝世寓言故事。
为了杀死“死亡”，三个年轻人遇到了一个老人，他说他们会在附近的树下找到他。
当他们到达的时候，他们发现了一堆宝藏，决定待在那里直到天黑，然后在黑暗的掩护下把它带走。
出于贪婪，他们互相残杀。
4. Of En gli sh dram a i n th e f i rst qu arte r o f the 20th ce n tu ry me n tio n sh o ul d be m ade b ri e fl y of th e th e atri c al acti vi ti e s i n t h e two p ro vi n cial ce n te rs o f_____an d _____.（国际关系学院2010研）【答案】M anchester; Birmingham查看答案【解析】二十世纪早期，英国的两个戏剧中心为曼彻斯特和伯明翰。
5. Do ct o r F au s t u s, i s a p l a y b y Ch r i s t o p h e r M a rl o we, base d on the Germ an sto ry Fau st, in whi ch a man sell s his soul to the devil for _____.（武汉大学2015研）【答案】knowledge and power查看答案【解析】浮士德是魔法师和炼金术士，为获得知识和权力，向魔鬼出卖了自己的灵魂。
6. _____i s re garde d as th e th i rd gre ate st En glish p o e t af te r Ch au ce r an d S h ake sp e ar e, an d th e gre a te st i n t he 17th century.（天津外国语大学2014研）【答案】John Milton查看答案【解析】弥尔顿是继乔叟和莎士比亚之后第三位伟大的英国诗人，也是17世纪英国最杰出的诗人。
7. “Some books are to be tasted, others to b e swallo wed, and some few to be chewed and digested”is fo und in Francis Bacon’s _____.（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】Of Studi es查看答案【解析】本题考查培根作品。
论读书是《培根随笔》中的一篇重要的文章，收于《培根随笔》一书中。
《培根随笔》是英国随笔文学的开山之作，以其简洁的语言、优美的文笔、透彻的说理、迭出的警句，在世界文学史上占据了非常重要的地位。
8. Th e Rape of th e Lo ck i s a(n) _____co m po sed b y Al exan de r Po pe, which satiri ze s a mino r inci den t by com paring it to the grand world of the gods.（武汉大学20 15研）【答案】mock epic查看答案【解析】蒲柏的《夺发记》是最著名的英语讽刺史诗之一。
9. J am e s J oy ce’s f i rst pu bl i she d bo o k, _____, i s a col l ection of 15 stories, the most f amous of which are “T he Dead”and “Araby”.（天津外国语大学2014研）【答案】Dubline rs查看答案【解析】乔伊斯出版的第一本书叫《都柏林人》，收集了1 5篇文章，其中最著名的是《死者》和《阿拉比》。
10. The novel _____ wri tten by Dickens de al s with the adventu res of Mr. Pickwi ck, a re tired old merch ant, wh o i s t h e f o u n d e r a n d c h a i r m a n o f t h e P i c k w i c k C l u b.（大连外国语大学2010研）【答案】The Pickwick Papers查看答案【解析】《匹克威克外传》是狄更斯的第一部长篇小说，写老绅士匹克威克一行五人到英国各地漫游的故事。
11. _____ are primitive cre atu res obsessed with “p retty stones”they f ind by digging in mud, thus representing th e di stastef ul mate ri ali sm and igno ran t eli tism Jon athan Swift encountered in Britain.（武汉大学2015研）【答案】The Yah oos查看答案【解析】《格列佛游记》中的肮脏卑劣的人性兽“耶胡”。
12. Among the first dramatists to write for the popula r pl ayh ou se s was a group of y oun g me n calle d _____, becau se th ey had studie d at th e unive rsitie s of Oxfo rd o r Cam bri dge. Th i s gro u p i n cl u de d Lyl y, Pe e l e, M arl o we, Greene, Lodge, and Nash.（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】Unive rsi ty Wits查看答案【解析】本题考查戏剧流派大学才子派。
大学才子派是指1 6世纪80年代英国出现的一批受过大学教育的剧作家。
大学才子派是莎士比亚之前的一个流派，为莎士比亚的创作提供了丰富的灵感与帮助。
代表人物克里斯托弗·马洛是大学才子中最有才华、成就最大的一个，在文学史上享有“诗剧的晨星”“英国悲剧之父”的美誉。
他是莎士比亚以前英国戏剧界最重要的人物，也是英国文艺复兴戏剧的真正创始人。
13. B e o wu l f p ro ba bl y e x i s te d i n i ts o r al f o r m a s e a rl y as th e_____c e n tu ry an d i t s h e ro an d h i s a dve n tu re s are p l ac e d i n_____an d so u th e rn S we de n r a t h e r th an in England. （国际关系学院2010研）【答案】5t h; Denmark【解析】《贝奥武甫》最早在公元五世纪开始口头传诵，故事发生在丹麦和瑞典南部，诗中并没有提及英国。
14. Co rde li a i s a ch aracte r i n _____, on e of the fou r g reat tragedies written by _____.（大连外国语大学2010研）【答案】King Lear; William Shake speare查看答案【解析】《李尔王》是莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。