Chapter 2 Electronics section 2-3 Analog-Digital Conversion 电气工程及其自动化专业英语课件
电气专业英语section 1-6中英
(1-28)
Fig.1-19 voltage-current relation for an inductor in the (a) time domain; (b) frequency domain
Section 6 Sinusoidal AC Circuit Analysis
Fig.1-20 shows the phasor diagram. For the capacitor C, assume the voltage across it is u =Umcos(ωt + ). The current through the capacitor is
For the inductor L, assume the current through it is i I m cos(t ) . The voltage across the inductor is
di u L LI m sin(t ) dt
(1-25)
The voltage is written to
Chapter 1
Fundamentals of Electric Circuits
Section 6 Sinusoidal AC Circuit Analysis and Three-Phase Circuit
Text New Words and Expressions Vocabulary Characteristic II
showing that the current and voltage are 90 out of phase. To be specific, the current leads the voltage by 90. Fig.1-21 shows the voltage-current relations for the capacitor, Fig.1-22 gives the phasor diagram.
【Verilog硬件描述】Verilog HDL-chapter2-3
Microelectronic center
11
Top-Down and Bottom-Up
2.2 Design methodology
Microelectronic center
3
Review
Spec.
Behavior HDL Top_down Flow
High-Level Synthesis
RTL HDL
Area
Synthesis
Timing
Netlist
Power DFT
FPGA Compiler Placement&Routing
▪ For the final physical implementation ▪ VHDL：very high speed integrated circuits
(VHSIC) HDL-IEEE-1076(1987)
▪ Verilog HDL
Microelectronic center
15
2.3 Framework of Verilog HDL
9
2.1 System on Chip
16-State Viterbi
Technology: 0.18 mm (C10N)
Transfer Rate: 850 Mbit/s
Package:
P-TQFP-100
Analog Area: 20 % (relative)
Digital Area: 80 % (relative)
Bottom-up
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一单元课件
current n.（水，气，电）流；趋势；涌流 1. a flow of electricity through a conductor the current was measured in amperes 2. a steady flow (usually from natural causes) the raft floated downstream on the current 3. dominant course (suggestive of running water) of successive events or ideas the current of history
戴文进主编．专业英语阅读与翻译北京：航空工业出版社， 1998
英文面试：常见的专业英语
数字图像处理 模拟电路 数字电路 信号与系统 机器视觉 模式识别 高等数学 微积分 常微分方程
自我介绍
Good morning,my dear teachers,my dear professors!It is my great honor to take this interview.Thank you very much for giving me the chance! I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming
circuit n. [电子] 电路，回路；巡回；一圈；环道 vi. 环行 vt. 绕回…环行
an electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案
科技英语写作高级教程参考答案科技英语写作高级教程参考答案V、练习参考答案练习1I、1、the(各项均为负。
)2、the; a (功率额定值是电阻器不会引起温度太大的上升而能安全地耗散的最大功率。
)3、an(这是均方根值伏特计。
)4、The; a(该设备的成功设计需要详细地了解性能指标。
)5、the; a; a(在氢原子的布尔模型中，一个电子绕一个质子以半径为R的圆周运转。
)6、the(电阻的单位是欧姆。
)7、an (这是一个h参数。
)8、/; /(图5,1画出了Oersted的实验。
)9、A; a; a(机器是能够传递力来完成某一确定目的的一种设备。
)10、/(水压机将在第14章加以考虑。
)11、the; the [/](我们容易确定参数μ的值。
)12、/; the(根据式(2,1)，我们得到以下的关系式。
)13、the; /(作者工作在位于阿林顿的得克萨斯大学。
)14、an(甚至当积分区间并不是无穷时，能够恰当地显示一个时函数的傅氏变换的仪器是多么重要啊～)II、1. Dr. Emmet graduated from Harvard University in 2001.2. Professor Li earned his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineeringfrom the Xi’anUniversity of Technology in 1988.3. Now we shall turn to the discussion of local area networks.4. The Bainbridge mass spectrometer is as important aninstrument as the opticalspectrometer.5. How long a time [或How much time] is required to this experiment? The densityof a substance is its mass per unit volume.6. An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.7. Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).8. The unit of inductance is the henry.III、1. The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.2. Finally, a broad stepped impedance transformer is designed bythis method.3. Dynamic analysis and evaluation of the security of a proactive secret sharingsystem4. The approach can be applied to the one-dimensional potentialbarrier with anarbitrary profile.5. We propose a numerical method based on Newton’s iterative method.练习2I、1. This circuit consists of a battery, an inductor and a capacitor.2. Compute the electric fields at points a, b, and c.3. This satellite is used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.4. We assume that the antenna is vertical and that its loss iszero.5. Chapters 6, 7, and 8 deal with transmission lines.II、121. Its error is six parts in 10.2. This computer stores four times more information than that one (does).3. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.4. The voltage across this component is a few tenths of a volt.5. Now its internal pressure is one sixteenth what it was.III、1. This object is over five times heavier than that one is.2. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and that I CBOcan be neglected.3. This circuit has the advantages of simple structure and easy adjustment.4. Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show this process in detail.5. For further information, consult references [3, 5, 9].练习3I、1. This new type of computer has many advantages over the general type.2. It is not difficult to solve this differential equation for the unknown quantity.3. Of these five new chapters, the first one deals with the basic principles of negative feedback.o4. At this point/time, current differs in phase from voltage by 90.5. By analyzing [By the analysis of] the parameters of the instrument, we canunderstand its performance.6. We will find out its average velocity over this distance.7. The science of electronics is too important in the world today.8. They solved this problem with great difficulty.II、1. For x,1, there is no solution to this equation [this equation has no solution].2. Upon [On] substituting [substitution of] these values into [in] theequation, we obtained the following expression..3. This circuit is similar in operation to that of Fig. 1-10.4. This computer is very good in performance.5. These waves travel only in one direction.III、1. This paper presents a new method for the recognition of radar targets.2. The influence of the moving state of the target on the tracking accuracy of the EKF is great.th3. Another comsat was launched on the morning of the 8 of October.4. Voltage is measured in volts.5. They will leave for Beijing to attend an international conference on mobile communication.6. Unless otherwise stated, it is assumed that silicon transistors are used and that I can be neglected. CBO7.练习4I、1. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the table.2. The three coefficients here remains to be determined.3. The two equations below will be often (frequently) used in later chapters/in thechapters which follow.4. Here we use two metal balls 10 cm apart.5. The output remains/stays constant/unchanged/fixed/unaltered/the same.6. All the textbooks available discuss this problem.7. Accurate in operation and high in speed, computers have found wide applications.8. The answer to this problem looks correct.9. Two parallel wi res a distance (o f)δapart carry the currenti.10. The problem now is how to measure the voltage across this component.11. These data will be sent to the computing center 2 kilometers away.12. Upon rearranging the equation above, we have [get, obtain] the following expression.13. These charges can interact with other charges present.14. Forces can be transmitted without contact, contrary to the common belief.15. This coefficient is typically 0.35.II、1. In this case, the input does not fall; nor [neither] does the output. […; the output does not fall, either.]2. The resistance of a conductor depends not only on the material of which theconductor is made, but also on the size and temperature of the conductor.3. These scientists are very interested in this topic.4. This parameter can hardly be measured.5. In this laboratory, this instrument is more expensive than any other one/ any oneelse.6. The features of this device are small size and light weight.练习5I、1. This equation can be solved in either of the following two ways/the two wayswhich follow.2. This baseball will soon come to rest because of its interaction with the ground.3. Our choice of this coefficient as 1 is correct.4. From its definition as the ratio of a force to a length, we can see that k has thesame unit as work (does).5. Our analysis of the machine is of great significance.6. This facilitates their use in circuit analysis.II、1. This police car is equipped with a receiver the size of a matchbox.2. Wires one hundredth the diameter of a silk thread are used to connect thesecomponents.3. We must water cool these equipments/devices.4. In the past, telephone calls were operator connected.5. AC can be changed/turned/converted/transformed/translated into/to DC, a process called/known as/referred to as rectification.6. A magnet attracts iron materials, a familiar phenomenon.7. Computers are capable of processing information, a process that previouslycould be accomplished only inside our heads.8. An instrument for measuring current, voltage, and resistance, the multimeter iswidely used in electrical engineering.III、1. Secs. 1.1 and 1.2 will discuss several other problems.2. Problems are listed/given on pp. 1-5.3. In the equations above, all h’s a re the hybrid parame ters.4. The mass of the standard pound is equal to 0.4535924277 kilograms.5. All a’s and b’s in Eq. (5-1) are related to the impedance R. o6. We must take the effect of temperature on [upon] semiconductorsintoaccount.7. In this case, the variation of output with input is very small.8. This curve shows the dependence of distance on/upon speed.IV、1. None of them can solve this special type of differential equation.2. They do not know whether this material can stand so largea force or not.3. There are M polygons altogether, each of which has N vertexes.4. These two engineers are busy (in) designing a new kind ofsoftware.5. Iron is almost as good a conductor as aluminum.练习6I、1. This image, it will be noticed, is a real image.2. This technical problem, we hope, will be solved soon.103. 2 is approximately 1000, a fact that we think is very useful in the study of digitalelectronics.4. A resistor of say 100 ohms should be used here.II、1. None of those textbooks have/has mentioned this point.2. All of these x values cannot satisfy the equation.3. Neither of the two conditions is satisfied here.4. In the preceding/previous chapter, we discussed all kinds of force.5. This paper describes a new method for designing aircraft.6. By the end of the last century, the company had manufactured 5 000 radars.7. Since 2008, this research institute has been developing a special kind of robot. III、1. In Section 1-2, the concept of force was introduced.2. As early as the 1940s, it was found that semiconductors are very useful.3. This result can also be arrived at in another way.4. At that time no use was made of this phenomenon/…, thisphenomenon was made no use of.5. This point will be dealt with in the next section.IV、1. This computer works much better than that one(does)/This computer is much betterin performance than that one (is)..2. This computer requires many more components that that one (does).3. The distance of the moon from the earth is as great as 240 000 miles.4. The greater the resistance, the longer time it takes for the capacitor to reach itsmaximum voltage/…, the longer time is required for the capacitor to reach its maximumvoltage.)5. The current as small as 0.1 A cannot produce enough heat.V、1. It is easy for us to determine the weight of the body. 或:We can determine theweight of the body easily.2. The two engineers are busy (in) designing a new type of computer.3. We find this concept very difficult to explain.4. None of these windows can withstand so large a force.5. Work equals [is equal to] force multiplied by/times distance.6. The results obtained agree with the experimental values. [… arein agreement withthe experimental values.]练习7I、1. It will take a few months to design this kind of aircraft withthe help of a computer.2. It is left as a problem to [for] the reader to show that this expression holds.3. The program to be executed is stored in this unit.4. This valley acts as the foundation on which to build the dam.5. In this laboratory there are many kinds of instrument forstudents to choose from.6. Let t equal/be equal to zero. 07. The farther away the target (is), the longer time it takes forthe echo to return.8. For the series to converge, x must be less than 1.9. We find this concept very difficult to understand.10. This method makes it much easier to detect targets.11. This factor will affect the ability of a computer to store information.12. We have to find out how large to make r so as for the series to converge.13. This is a pen to draw pictures with.14. Elasticity is the tendency of a body to return to its original condition after beingdeformed.15. Ordinary matter is said to be electrically neutral.16.This property makes it possible for metals to be made into any shape.17. This table is unfit for a student to do experiments on.18. Now we consider what path of integration to take.II、1. The sine law of the variation of light intensity with the cylinder diameter has beenemphasized.2. Not only do temperature and light affect the conductivity, but the addition ofimpurities to semiconductors also makes it change greatly.3. Various satellites are frequently launched to obtain information about/on space.4. Our semiconductor industry came into being at the end of the 1950s.5. My colleagues and I would like to express our thanks to Professor W. Smith for hisgreat help.练习8I、1. The amplifier amplifies the received signals.2. Moving molecules have kinetic energy.5. Fig. 1 – 3 shows the photo of a freely falling body.3. Speed equals distance divided by time.4. Voltage equals/is equal to current multiplied by resistance.5. The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing/an increase in speed.6. A transformer is a device consisting of two or more coils wound on/round an iron core.7. It is necessary to find out the current flowing through this component.8. This book, properly used, will be of great help to the reader.9. Flowing through a circuit, the current will lose part of its energy.10. Given/Knowing time and speed, we/one can find out distance.11. Having studied this chapter, the student will understand/will have understood theprinciple of a computer.12. The speed of light being extremely great, we cannot measure it by ordinary methods.13. Several comsats were launched, all of them (being) high-altitude satellites.14. Called “the mother of all networks,” the Internet is a widely used internationalnetwork.15. This force can be resolved into two components, one (being) horizontal and the othervertical.II、1. Let us construct/draw a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R.2. This parameter should be measured with E grounded.3. With no resistance in the circuit,the current will increase indefinitely.4. With this in view, we have written this book.5. This paper introduces a new design method/technique, with emphasis on its principle. III、1. Let us consider designing a computer.2. We refer to these components as being passive.3. This involves taking the Fourier transform.4. On/Upon rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set ofequations.5. In using this equation, it does not matter which plane is considered as 1.IV、1. Given/Knowing resistance and current, one/we candetermine/calculate voltage.2. The price of this instrument is high.3. A robot is a special kind of electronic device.4. The current starts flowing at the very moment we close thecircuit.5. They have been designing a new type of computer these six months.练习9I、1. The problem was not solved until a completely different method was introduced.2. Nearly 100 years passed before the existence/presence of subatomic particles was confirmed by experiment/experimentally.3. The year this device was invented, World War II broke out.4. Small as they are, atoms are made up of still smaller particles.5. These two resistors should be selected/chosen so that the transistor can operate normally.6. The body is in such a state that it can do work.II、1. The relation that voltage is the product of current andresistance applies to all the dc circuits.2. The discovery that magnetism can produce current is extremely important in the field of electricity.3. An equation is an algebraic statement that two algebraic expressions are equal.4. There is evidence that no life exists on the moon.5. The question now arises whether the algorithm is of practical use.6. In this case there is no guarantee that the series is convergent.7. There is a growing/increasing awareness that thesetechniques/methods are veryuseful.8. One of/Among the most noteworthy achievements at that time wasthe realization thatlight consists of electromagnetic waves.9. This is due to/is caused by/results from the fact that there are many free electrons inconductors.10. Besides/In addition to the fact that the properties of thematerial should be included inthe analytical model, we must take other factors into account.III、1. These features make it difficult for electronic counter-measure systemsto intercept, analyze and jam this kind of signal.2. The existence of and the ability to control these phenomena make those devicespossible.3. The variation of/in the number of the filter’s teeth has a greater effect on the performance of its passband than the variationof/in its dimensions.4. Scalar detection will result in the loss of some phase information.5. Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of measuring scatter parameters by the natural parameter transformation method.练习10I、1. Now it remains to be determined when the series converges.2. It is clear from Dubamel’s Theorem that this limit exists.3. It follows from Maxwell’s hypo thesis that whenever there is a change in an electricfield, a magnetic field is produced.4. It does not matter whether the magnet is moved in this case.5. Temperature determines in what direction the transfer of heat will take place.6. It is now a well-known fact that all matter consists of tiny particles.II、1. What a generator does is (to) change mechanical energy into electrical energy.2. What this chapter describes/What is described in this chapter is of great importance.3. Matter is what can occupy space.4. What we have discovered in this experiment is the entirely new realm of electricalphenomenon.5. This direction is opposite to what has been assumed.6. Magnitude, direction, and place of application are what we call the three elements of aforce.7. These numbers constitute what is known as the real number system.8. In what follows, we shall acquaint ourselves with somebasic concepts. III、1. An x-band wave-guide test system is shown in Fig.7. [或:Fig.7 shows …].2. This method lowers the requirement for the hardware of a sample network.3. On the basis of the above analysis of the decomposition of the polynomial, a novelconfiguration results. [或:The above analysis of the decompositionof the polynomial resultsin a novel configuration.]4. Finally, an analysis of packet loss probability is made bycomputer simulation.5. The sparse ratio of the resulting impedance matrix is as high as 40%.练习11I、1. The meter (that/which) we use to measure the voltage across a resistor is called avoltmeter.2. Computers are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.3. Now this disease is no longer the serious problem (that) it once was.4. Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return.5. We must calculate the distance (that/through which) the body is lifted.6. The direction (that/in which) a body moves is also very important.7. The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second iscalled/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.。
06电子专业英语大纲hong
《专业英语》课程教学大纲课程代号：045210学时数：36 理论环节学时数：36 实践环节学时数：0学分：3开课单位：电子电气工程系电子技术教研室一、本课程的性质、地位和作用专业英语课程是针对于电子电气工程系电子专业学生所设置的专业选修课。
本课程具有较强的针对性，要求学生具有一定电子电路技术专业基础知识及大学英语学习的基础，帮助学生复习相应基础知识的同时，进一步巩固、提高英语水平，特别培养学生对一些专业基础性英文材料的阅读能力。
二、本课程的教学目的和要求通过本课程的学习，要求学生能够掌握一定专业英语词汇，了解相应专业性中英文基础文章的理解、翻译，并能够大致正确地理解部分专业类提高性文章的大意三、本课程的相关课程本课程针对性、专业性较强，要求学生具有一定课程学习的基础，主要相关课程包括大学英语、电路基础、电子技术基础、自动控制理论等。
四、课程内容及学时分配Chapter 1 circuit theory fundamentals 12学时Section 1 voltage and currentSection 2 kirchhoff’s laws一、current law二、voltage lawSection 3 two-terminal characterization of elementsSection 4 voltage sourcesSection 5 current sourcesSection 6 resistors and ohm’s lawSection 7 inductors教学的重点与难点：掌握电压、电流概念、基尔霍夫定律、二端口网络、电压源、电流源、欧姆定律；掌握单词。
Chapter 2 electronics 14学时Section 1 introductionSection 2 digital circuitsSection 3 logic circuit characteristics一、logic levels二、power supply voltage levels三、loading四、delay and frequency responseSection 4 diode-resistor gatesSection 5 the bipolar transistor as a switch or inverterSection 6 operational amplifiersSection 7 applications of operational amplifiers一、basic feedback concepts二、inverting amplifier三、noninverting amplifier四、differential amplifier五、nonlinear analog operations六、integrator, differentiator教学的重点与难点：掌握数字逻辑、门电路、转换电路、运算放大器及应用；掌握单词。
Chapter02 Electrical Components民航飞机电气系统2
to unreliable operation of systems, e.g.,
2
1
ELECTRIC WIRE CHART
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 1 1 2 0 0 3 0 4 0
20
AMPERES
3
40 30 25 20 18 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 1
15 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 .5
4
CURES 1 CONTINOUS RATING-AMPERES CABLES IN CONDUIT AND BUNDLES 2 CONTINUOUS RATING-AMPERES SINGLE CABLE IN FREE AIR 3 INTERMITTENT RATING-AMPERES MAXIMUM OF 2 MINUTES
example, the wire selected must be large enough to accommodate the required current without producing excessive heat or causing an excessive voltage drop. In addition, the insulation must prevent electrical leakage and be strong enough to resist damage caused by abrasion.
Chapter 2 Electrical Components
1
The satisfactory performance of any modern aircraft depends on the continuing reliability of electrical systems and subsystems. One of the most critical factors for obtaining a high degree of reliability
section 2-3
Section 3
Analog-Digital Conversion
Two important parameters must be considered in selecting a conversion technique or a variation of a conversion technique. One is the precision required in the analog-to-digital conversion; the other is the speed or the time interval allowed for the conversion. These two parameters are essentially incompatible because high-precision and highspeed conversions are difficult to achieve concurrently. High-speed or fast analog-to-digital conversion is a relative term, but in the context of digital computer conversion of binary data from
Section 3
Analog-Digital Conversion
Analog-to-digital conversion Only two basic techniques exist for analog-toto compare the analog voltage amplitude to a binary voltage scale in which the match yield the binary number that corresponds to the amplitude. The other technique is to integrate the analog signal and to use the measured time (a given number of clock pulses) for the amplitude of the integral to reach a value to establish an equivalent binary number. Each of the systems discussed below uses one or the other of these techniques.
电子与通信工程专业英语Unit 2
conductor is one ampere when the voltage applied to the conductor
电阻
假若将电池连接在导电材料上，一定数量的电流将流过此材料，流过材
料的电流取决于电池的电压、材料的截面积和材料自身的电阻率。对电流的
阻力叫电阻，用字母符号R表示。电阻的单位是欧姆．通常用表示。l欧姆的
定义为：当加到导体上的电压为l伏特时，将导体中的电流限制在1安培所需
要的电阻值。
Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
Unit 2 Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
is one volt. Larger amounts of resistance are commonly expressed in kiloohm (KΩ) and in megohm (MΩ).
电容器
电能可以储存在电场中，能够储存电能的装置叫电容器。电池被连接在两个金属板上，电荷将经
过很短的流动而汇集在一个电极板上。假若断开电池，电容器将保持电荷以
及与电荷相关的电压。
Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
Unit 2 Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
Unit 2 Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
Resistor，Capacitor and Inductor
Translation Reading More Translating skills Text
Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor
A coil of many turns will have more inductance than one of few turns. Also if a coil is placed on an iron core its inductance will be greater than it was without the magnetic core. The unit of induct-
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Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
Two important parameters must be considered in selecting a conversion technique or a variation of a conversion technique. One is the precision required in the analog-to-digital conversion; the other is the speed or the time interval allowed for the conversion. These two parameters are essentially incompatible because high-precision and highspeed conversions are difficult to achieve concurrently. High-speed or fast analog-to-digital conversion is a relative term, but in the context of digital computer conversion of binary data from
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
Fig.2-4 Block diagram of digital to analog converter
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
The input register is a parallel-in, parallel-out device. The converter signal is used to clock the input data into the register where it is stored until the next converter signal is received.
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
Analog-to-digital conversion Only two basic techniques exist for analog-to-
digital conversion (ADC). One is to compare the analog voltage amplitude to a binary voltage scale in which the match yield the binary number that corresponds to the amplitude. The other technique is to integrate the analog signal and to use the measured time (a given number of clock pulses) for the amplitude of the integral to reach a value to establish an equivalent binary number. Each of the systems discussed below uses one or the other of these techniques.
Some ways of sampling analog signals cannot be considered analog-to-digital conversion because the amplitude of the signal, an important aspect of the
Because many analog-to-digital conversions need not be made quickly, a high degree of precision is possible. The complexity and cost of attaining high precision, however, may modify the goal. The application intended for the conversion of the analog variable may determine what degree of digital precision is required.
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
analog to digital, "high-speed" sampling intervals are about ten computer clock cycles rather than tens of thousands. Conversion in the interval of one microsecond is moderately fast but not limiting.
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
information content, is not expressed in binary form. In the straightforward sampling of a sine wave, the amplitude is an essential part of the information content. In contrast, the conversion from an analog signal to a digital signal results in a binary number at each sampling point.
Байду номын сангаас
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
they are equivalent to an ordinary SPDT switch controlled by the binary signal from the register. The switches feed a resistive summing network which converts each bit into its weighted current value and sums them for a total current. This total value is then fed the amplifier, which performs two functions, current to voltage conversion and scaling, so that the output voltage of the D/A converter will be the proper value.
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
the voltage is derived from the sensitive element in an electrical circuit, as when a temperature sensitive resistor and a constant resistance form a voltage divider whose voltage is related directly to the temperature. Some transducers generate voltages directly, such as photoelectric elements and piezoelectric devices. Many voltage sources require voltage amplification to facilitate conversion from their analog values to binary numbers.
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
The precision of analog-to-digital conversion is established by the number of binary bits, which correspond to maximum or full-scale analog value. Four bits allow the quantization in 0 to l5 equal intervals. For the binary representation of the amplitude to change by one bit, an analog amplitude must change by 6.25 percent. A byte (eight bits) allows a precision of 0.4 percent; seven bits of binary code correspond to approximately l percent encoding accuracy.
Section 3 Analog-Digital Conversion
Digital-to-analog conversion To convert a digital signal to analog, it is